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THE
Congregati0iial ^Mtterlj.
VOLUME XIII. -NEW SERIES, VOL. III.
Editors and Proprietors :
ALONZO H. QUINT, CHRISTOPHER GUSHING,
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY, SAMUEL BURNHAM.
BOSTON:
CONGREGATIONAL ROOMS,
40 WINTER STREET.
1871.
Alfred Mudge & Son, Printers,
34 School St., Boston.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
American Congregational Association 103,
355. 466, 621
American Congregational Union 103, 356, 480,
6-22
Andover Catalogues 16, 18, 275, 277, 417, 419,
562
Are we a Christian People, by Edward
Buck 252
Association, American Congregational . 103,
355, 466, 621
Association, General .... 205
Baptism, Import and Method of Christ's,
by Kev, J. G. Hale . . . .404
Bible, Revision of the English, by Rev.
James H. Means 514
Biographical Sketches :
Carter, William (with portrait), by Rev.
J. M. yturtevant, d. d. , . . 497
Keep, John i with portrait), by Pres. J,
H. Fairfield 209
Southworth, Edward (with portrait),
by Rev. Henry M. Grout . . . 1
Walker, Charles (with portrait), by
Rev. G. L. Walker . . . .357
Books Noticed:
Ad Fidem, Burr 336
Ad Clerum. Parker . . . .337
American Religion, Weiss . . . 611
Annals of Williams College, Durfee . 92
Annual of Scientific Discoverj', Trow-
bridge 342
Antiquity and Unity of Human Race,
Burgess 460
Aspendale 97
Astronomical Discourses . . , 616
Atlantic Essays, Higginson . . . 614
Bible Sketches 615
Bible Notes for Daily Readers, Hunt . 81
Bible Dictionary, Smith ... 88
Birth and Education, Schwartz . . 348
Black Valley Rail Road, Hanks . 348, 613
Books and Reading, Porter ... 93
Boston Lectures 1871 .... 452
Boys of Gland Pr6 School, De Mill . 97
Castilian Days, Hay . . . ,613
Catholic Almanac 96
Christianity and Positvism, McCosh . 601
Christianity and Scepticism . . . 452
Coincidences in Old and New Testa-
ment, Blunt 616
Coming of Christ in his Kingdom . . 82
. Commentary on Galatians, Lightfoot . 85
Commentary on Romans, Plumer . 334
Commentary, Speaker's . . . 607
Commentary on Revelations, Cowlea . 607
Commentary, The Portable . . » 609
Concordance, Cruden .... 338
Concordance, Greek, Hudson & Hast-
ings 609
Conservative Reformation and its The-
ology, The, Krauth .... 452
Cowper's Poems 94
Culture and Religion, Shairp . . 454
Dictionary of Biography and Mytholo-
gy, Thomas 338
Dictionary of English Synonyms,
Soule 613
Double Play, Everett . . . .347
Episodes in an Obscure Life . . 96
FAOK
Essays, Helps 95
Every Day 96
Exposition of the Smaller Catechism,
Irion 81,335
Field and Forest. Optic .... 97
Fresh Leaves in the Book and its Story. 616
Galatians, Commentary on, Lightfoot . 85
God's Rescues, Williams . " . . 456
Gold and Name, Schwartz . . . 348
Greek Concordance, Hudson 8s Hast-
ings 609
Guilt and Innocence, Schwartz . . 348
Gutenberg and the Art of Printing,
Pearson 346
Hamilton's Philosophy, Outlines of,
Murray 93
Handbook of Legendary and Mytho-
logical Art, Clement .... 346
Harmony of the Gospels, Gardiner 453, 608
History of Sandwich Island Mission,
Anderson 89
Home in the West 347
House on Wheels 347
Horae Paulinas, Paley .... 616
Insanity in Women, Storer . . . 342
Jesus, Furness 83
Journal of John Woolman, Whittier . 458
Kingdom of Heaven, Jones . . . 616
Letters Everywhere . • . . 347
Life of Our Lord, Hanna ... 85
Life of W. W. Seaton . . . .341
Life and Times of John Huss, Gillett . 88
Life of Milne, Bonar .... 91
Life of Milton. Vol. II., Masson . . 457
Lifeand Lettersof Hugh Miller, Bayne. 457
Life of Baron Stow, Stockbridge . 458
Light and Truth, Bonar ... 83
Littell's Living Age .... 97
Lord's Prayer, The, Van Dyke . . 610
Lucy's Way out of the Dark . . 615
Marcella, Eastwood .... 91
Mediation 610
Memorials of English Martyrs, Taylor. 96
Metric Sj'stem 94
Miriam, Whittier 94
Model Pastor, The, Stockbridge . . 458
Monks of the West, Montalambert . 611
Nature's Aristocracy, Collins . . 96
New Testament for English Readers,
Alford • . .605
348
495
86
93
615
97
94
609
605
607
334
345
89
87
449
347
Oral Training, Barnard ,
Orthodox Congregationalism and the
Sects, Clarke
Our Seven Churches, Beecher
Outlines of Hamilton's Philosophy,
Murray
Papers for Home Reading, Hall .
Plane and Plank, Optic ....
Poems of Love and Childhood, Ingelow
Portable Commentary ....
Religion of the Present and Future,
Wool>ey
Revelations, Commentary on, Cowles .
Romans, Commentary on, Plumer
Roman Imperialism, Seeley .
Sandwich Island Mission, History of,
Anderson
Scripture Doctrine of Person of Christ,
Renbelt
Sermons to the Natural Man, Shedd .
Silent Partner, Phelps ....
IV
Contents.
Six Boys 615
South's Sermons 448
Speaker's Commentary .... 607
Still Hour, Phelps 96
State of the Dead, West . . .611
Study of the Bible, Dunn . . .610
Sunday at Home 616
Systematic Theology, Hodge . . 604
Synonyms, Dictionary of, Soule . . 613
Ten times one is ten, Ingham (Hale) . 95
The "Wise Men, Upham . . . ,459
Theology of Christ, Thompson . . 85
Theology, Systematic, Hodge . . 604
Times of Daniel, Taylor . . .456
True Site of Calvary, Howe . . .610
Two Boys. The 615
Union Bible Companion, AUibone . 615
War Powers under the Constitution,
Whiting 353
We Girls 348
Williams College, Annals of, Durfee . 92
Who will Go, Cobden . . . .347
Who will Win, Cobden . . . .347
Why and How, Conwell ... 95
Wise Men, The, Upham . . .459
Wonder Books 97
Calvinism, J. A. Froude .... 933
Carter, William ...... 497
Catalogue of Andover Theological Sem-
inary . . 16, 18. 275, 277, 417, 419, 562
Church of the Pilgrims, The, by Rev. H.
H. McFarland 54
Churches formed . . 99, 352, 463, 718
Congregational Association, American 103,355
466, 621
Congregational Union, American, 104, 356, 48u
622
Congregational Polity, by A. B. Ely . 279
Conferences 205
Congregational Quarterly Record . . 99
Congregational Theological Seminaries,
by Rev. A. H. Quint, d. d. . . . 307
Convention of Committees on National
Council, by Pros. W. E. Merriam . 248
Council, National ... 234, 248
Councils, New Field for, by Rev. T. T.
Munger 379
Councils, Power of Calling by, Samuel
Mather 383
Editors' Table . . . 98,349,361,617
Edwards, Timothy, and his Parishioners,
by Rev. I. JST. Tarbox, d. d. . . 256
First Church in West Springfield, by
Rev. Henry M. Grout .... 532
Genealogy, A. Remarkable, by Rev. Da-
vid Shepley 36
General Associations and Conferences . 205
Hanserd KnoUys in Sprague's Annals,
by Rev. Alonzo II. Quint. D. D. . . 38
Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers, by Rev.
Mark Hopkins, D. D 20
Import and method of Christ's Baptism,
by Kev. J. G. Hale . . . .404
Keep, John 209
Language of the Pulpit, by Rev. A. W.
Burnliam, d. d 384
Lessons on Population, by Nathan Allen,
M. D. 537
Literary Review . . 81,334,455,601
Long Life to the Righteous, by Rev. C.
E. Ferrin 422
Methods of Promoting Fellowship of the
Churches, by Rev. E. W. Gilman . 225
Ministers, List of 182
Minister, Description of . . . . 378
Martyr, Justin, on Spiritual Songs . . 306
National Council, proceedings in regard
to, by Rev. A. H. Quint, d.d. . . 234
National Council, Convention of Commit-
tee on, by Pres. W. E. Merriam . . 248
Necrological Record . . 71, 323, 431, 593
Adams, Solomon 325
Belknap Henry 324
Bishop, Nelson 438
Bingham, Hiram 593
Burnham, Amos Wood .... 443
Carpenter, Eber 71
Clark, Marv Carter .... 596
Day, Pliny Butts 431
Gleed, John 331
Gray, Asahel Reed 79
Hand, Richard Charles .... 77
Hazen, Allen 598
Hebard, George D. A 437
Patrick, Joseph Homer .... 74
Pettibone, Plulo Columbus . , . 328
Piatt, Jireh 333
Rand, Mary Cushiug .... 599
Smith Louisa 323
Stratton, Mary Stephens . . .327
Thurston, Eli 433
Whitton, James 72
Woodhull, George Lee .... 435
New Britain, South Cong. Church at, by
Rev. C. L. Goodell 394
New Field for Councils, by Rev. T. T.
Munger 379
Plymouth men. Tolerance of . . . 531
Population, Lessons on,by Nathan Allen,
M. D. 557
Power of Calling Councils, by Samuel
Mather 383
Proceedings of General Association in re-
gard to National Council, by Rev. A. H.
Quint, D.D 234
Pulpit, Language of the, by Rev. A. W.
Burnham, d. D 384
Quarterly Record:
Churches formed . . 99, 352, 463, 618
Ministers deceased . . 102, 353, 465, 620
Ministers dismissed . 101, 353, 464, 619
Ministers installed . . 100, 352, 463, 618
Ministers married . . 101, 353, 465, 619
Ministers ordained . . 99, 352, 463, 618
Ministers' wives deceased, 102, 354, 465, 1520
Remarkable Genealogy, by Rev. David
Shepley 36
Resurrection, St. Paul on, by Rev. Ber-
nard Paine 315 .
Revision of the English Bible, by Rev.
James H. Means 514
Revivals, How Discovered and Promoted,
by Rev. J. E. Twitchell. . . .551
Schools and State Religions, by Rev.
Kinsley Twining .... 565
Seminaries, Congregational Theological,
by Rev. A. H. Quint, d. D. . . . 307.
South Congregational Church, New Brit-
ain, Ct., with picture, by Rev. C. L.
Goodell 394
Southworth, Edward .... 1
State, and Religion in its Schools, The,
by Rev. Kinsfey Twining . . . 565
Statistics of Congregational Churches . 105
Summaries of Statistics .... 177
Sundays, by George Herbert . . . 403
St. Paul on the Resurrection, by Rev.
Bernard Paine 315
Tolerance of Plymouth Men . . . 531
Union, American Congregational, 104, 356, 480
622
Walker, Charles 357
West Springfield, First Church in, by
Rev. Henry M. Grout . . . .532
Vol. XIII. No. t.— Whole No. 49. Second Series.— Vol. III. No. i.
THE
dtonguptional ^erterlj.
JANUARY, 1871.
Editors and Proprietors
ALONZO H. QUINT,
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY,
CHRISTOPHER CUSHING,
SAMUEL BURNHAM.
BOSTON:
CONGREGATIONAL ROOMS,
40 WINTER STREET.
187I.
Terms : Two Dollars a Year in Advance.
CONDUCTED UNDER THE SANCTION OF THE
^mtxkm CoitgHgatronal ^ssotration anb tlje American CoiTgrfgatioiral Ititioit.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
Edward Southwoeth. By Rev. Henry M. Grout, West Springfield, Mass. . i
Catalogue of Theological Seminary. Andover, 1816. A Reprint . . 16
Catalogue of Theological Seminary. Andover, 1818. A Reprint . . 18
The Ideas and Polity of our Fathers. By Rev. Mark Hopkins, d. d., Wil-
liamstown, Mass 20
A Remarkable Genealogy. By Rev. David Shepley, Yarmouth, Me. . . 36
Hanserd Knollys in Sprague's Annals. By Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d..
New Bedford, Mass . 38
The Church of the Pilgrims, Brooklyn, N. Y. By Rev. H. H. McFarland,
Brooklyn, N. Y. . . ' 54
Congregational Necrology 71
Rev. Eber Carpenter, 71. — Rev. Samuel James Whitton, 72. — Rev.
Joseph Homer Patrick, 74. — Rev. Richard Charles Hand, 77. — Rev.
Asahel Reed Gray, 79.
Literary Review 81
Editors' Table 98
Congregational Quarterly Record 99
Churches Formed, 99. — Ministers Ordained, 99. — Ministers Installed,
100. — Ministers Dismissed, loi. — Ministers Married, loi. — Minis-
ters Deceased, 102. — Ministers' Wives Deceased, 102.
American Congregational Association 103
American Congregational Union 104
Annual Statistics of the American Congregational Ministers and
Churches 105
Maine, 107. — New Hampshire, iii. — Vermont, 115. — Massachusetts,
118. — Rhode Island, 128. — Connecticut, 129. — New York, 134. —
New Jersey, 139. — Pennsylvania, 140. — Maryland, 141. — District of
Columbia, 142. — Virginia, 142. — North Carolina, 142. — South Caro-
lina, 142. — Georgia, 143. — Alabama, 143. — Mississippi, 143. — Lou-
isiana, 143. — Texas, 144, — Arkansas, 144. — Tennessee, 144. —
Kentucky, 144. — Ohio, 145. — Indiana, 148. — Illinois, 149. — Michi-
gan, 154. — Wisconsin, 158. — Minnesota, 161. — Iowa, 163. — Mis-
souri, 167. — Kansas, 168. — Nebraska, 170. — Dakota, 170. — Wyo-
ming, 170. — Colorado, 171. — Washington Territory, 171. — Oregon,
171. — -California, 172. — Dominion of Canada, 173. — Jamaica, West
Indies, 175.
Congregational Missionaries 176
Summaries of Statistics . . . • 177
List of Congregational Ministers in North America . . . .182
General Associations and Conferences 205
Printed by Alfred Mudge & Son, 34 School Street, Bostoni
THE
Congregational Quarterly.
Whole No. XLIX. JANUARY, 187 1. Vol. XIII. No. i.
EDWARD SOUTHWORTH.
It is fitting that lives of marked power and wide influence,
exalted and consecrated by eminent piety, should have some
permanent record. It is due to their memories, and to that
religion whose reality and worth they have illustrated, that the
story of such should be told as a memorial of them. Their
example is stimulating and cheering. They are not numerous
in any community ; nor oppressively so in any generation.
Edward Southworth, of whose life and character it is pro-
posed to give to the readers of the Quarterly a sketch, was of
English ancestry, and honorably connected with the Pilgrims.
In Hunter's " Founders of New Plymouth," ^ it is said, " The
Southworths were eminently a Basset-Lawe family.^ We
learn from Thornton, that in 161 2 there was a Thomas South-
worth, who had lands at Clarborough, and a William South-
worth, a freeholder at Heyton. We find also in the visitation
of Nottinghamshire, in 1614, that an Edward Southworth was
then living, but so little did he care for such things, that all
the account of his family which he gave to the Heralds, was,
that he was the son of Robert Southworth, the son of Richard,
1 See New England's Memorial, p. 484.
2 Basset-Lawe is the Hundred in which is situated the village of Scrooby, where
Robinson's church was located while in England.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by Samuel Burnham, for the Proprietors
in the OflBce of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. I.
2 Edward Soiithworth. [Jan.
the son of Aymond, who lived at Wellam in the reign of King
Henry the Eighth." It was unquestionably this Edward
Southworth whose name appears in the record of marriages in
the Leyden Records (Trowbock A), and which reads as follows :
"28 May, 161 3, Edward Southworth, silk worker, young man
{i. e. never before married), from England, accompanied by
Thomas Southworth his brother, and Samuel Fuller his broth-
er-in-law, and Roger Willson, his witnesses ; with Els (Alice)
Carpenter, young woman from England, accompanied by Anna
Ros and Elizabeth Gennings, her witnesses."^ He seems to
have been a person of mark ; ^ but probably returned to Eng-
land, where he died in 1620.
It was his widow, Alice, who came to this country and mar-
ried William Bradford, the second Governor of Plymouth Col-
ony. It is said that he had been attached to her before he
came to America ; that in the interval she had married and
become a widow ; and that after the death of her husband
he renewed his proposals by letter, and was accepted. She
arrived at Plymouth, in the ship Ann, about the first of August,
1623 ; and was married to Mr. Bradford the 14th of that month.
The virtues of "that godly matron, Mistris Alice," were
celebrated in some glowing verses attributed to the pen of
Nathaniel Morton, compiler of " New England's Memoriall." ^
The two sons of Edward and Alice Southworth, Thomas and
1 This "Alice Carpenter" was one of the five daughters of Alexander Carpen-
ter, one of the Leyden company who came from Urington, Somersetshire.
2 See "Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation."
^ " Heer lyes the shaddow of a blessed mother
In Israel, well knowne to one and other.
Of good decent, of holy predecessors ;
Her father equall was to the confessors
And holy martires, suffered for Christ's sake,
Altho hee suffered not at fiery stake.
And shee with him and other in her youth
Left their owne native country for the truth,
, And in successe of time she marryed was
To one whose grace and vertue did surpasse,
I mean good Edward Southworth, whoe not long
Continued in this world the Saints amonge.
With him shee lived seven years a wife
Till death did put a period to his life."
See Bradford's History, p. 460.
1 8/ 1.] Edward Soiithworth. 3
Constant byname, came to this country in 1628 ; were brought
up by Gov. Bradford, and became distinguished persons in the
colony. Thomas left no sons. Constant had three sons and
four daughters. He was one of the original proprietors of
Bridgewater ; and from him descended the Southworths of
New England.
The subject of this sketch — of the fifth generation from
Constant — was the son of Dr. Abia Southworth, who had
established himself as a physician in the town of Pelham, Mass.
His mother, Keziah Boltwood, of Amherst, was on the maternal
side a relative of Gov. Caleb Strong, and the granddaughter
of High Sheriff Boltwood, who held his commission under the
crown as a reward for his own public services, and those of his
father and grandfather, both of whom lost their lives during
the Indian wars.^
He was the youngest of three sons, all born in Pelham.
Rufus — born Feb. 3, 1796 — was a successful teacher at
Charleston, S. C, where he died Oct. 1828. Wells — born
Aug. 17, 1799 — resides at New Haven, Ct., is an extensive
manufacturer, well and widely known as a generous benefactor
of public institutions, and the recipient of many important
trusts. Edward was born July 3, 1804.
His boyhood and early youth were spent in his native town,
under the paternal roof, and in the enjoyment of such advan-
tages as an intelligent home and the common schools of New
England at that day might afford. The story of this period of
his life would be the familiar one of happiness and health,
which frugal habits and some privations rather enhanced than
lessened ; of great delight in athletic sports ; of diligence in
the improvement of such reading as came within his reach ;
and of aspirations for something better than plodding medi-
ocrity. From childhood he was distinguished by such manly
qualities as frankness, and the highest sense of honor. His
truthfulness was proverbial. If there was trouble among the
boys at school, and the teacher's efforts to trace it were baffled
1 The grandfather of the high sheriff was a famous fighter ; wielding, so tradi-
tion says, a ponderous sword with which he did fearful execution. While at work
in the field, he was stealthily shot by an Indian ; and his son taking him upon his
shoulder, to carry him to the stockade, was also shot.
4 Edward Sotithworth. [Jan.
at every other point, he would say : " Here is Edward South-
worth ; he would sooner be whipped than tell an untruth ; let
us hear him."
At the age of sixteen, he became a student at Amherst
Academy, where he remained two years, having the late Gerard
Hallock as an instructor and friend.
He was now prepared for college, and made choice of Har-
vard. With not a little self-distrust, and some inward quak-
ings, he exchanged his quiet home in the country for the stir of
the city and the competitions of college. Here he found him-
self surrounded by young men of talents and promise, many
of whom had enjoyed advantages superior to his own. He was
not long, however, in proving himself equal to the best.
Among his classmates were such men as Andrew P. Peabody,
Willard Parker, Samuel H. Walley, George Putnam, and the
late Richard Hildreth and Stephen M. Weld. Weld was his
room-mate, and with him he maintained, until the death of the
former, which occurred but a few months before his own, a
friendship of unabated ardor. As a student, he excelled in
mathematics. Outside the curriculum, he made himself a
master of the French language, having as an instructor a
French soldier who, as general's aid, was present at the destruc-
tion of the Bastile. Under the same master he was drilled in
gymnastics, and became one of the strongest men in his class.
To the end of life, he never ceased to attribute such vigor and
health as he had to that training, and to the fact that it was
never wholly discontinued. The impression which he made
upon his fellow-students may be gathered from the testimony
of one of his classmates, Dr. Willard Parker. " His disposi-
tion was ever kind and amiable ; he loved a joke when not
made at the expense of another's feelings ; and his noble and
generous heart won the love of those who knew him intimately,
and secured the esteem and confidence of all. By all the class
Southworth and Weld were known as men who by their
peculiarly happy tempers, strong love of the right, and deep
sense of honor, were entitled in an unusual degree to respect
and affection."
He was graduated in 1826, and at once joined his brother
Rufus, at Charleston, S. C, where he assumed the position of
1 8/ 1.] Edward Soiithivorth. 5
Instructor of Languages in an institution which enjoyed the
patronage of the most intelHgent and cultivated famihes of that
then prosperous city. In an obituary notice, tlie Charleston
News says : " He was favorably known for many years to our
citizens, as a teacher in Charleston ; and it may be remembered
that, when on a visit here a few years ago, he was complimented
with a dinner by his surviving pupils." It is not many weeks
since the writer heard from the honored president of Charleston
College, — Dr. Middleton, — warm expressions of regard for
his memory : " He was a great friend of ours ; we shall never
forget him."
At the end of seven years he found himself in impaired
health, and returning to his native State, yielded to what seemed
a necessity, and exchanged the life of a student for the more
active habits of a man of business. For six years he was
engaged in manufacturing and mercantile pursuits, at South
Hadley Falls and Chicopee. In 1839 he removed to West
Springfield ; and here it was that he spent the residue of his
life, doing a work and exerting an influence and gathering to
himself honors such as crown the heads of few. During these
years he was mainly engaged in cotton and paper manufactures,
and most extensively in the latter. He came to have interest
in almost numberless enterprises ; but it was to the paper
business that he gave his first thought, and in this that he
amassed the greater part of his wealth.
In connection with his surviving brother, Wells Southworth,
Esq., now of New Haven, Ct., to whom he always delighted to
acknowledge his indebtedness, he organized the Southworth
Manufacturing Company ; was from the first a considerable
shareholder in the Agawam Canal Company ; and, in con-
nection with John H. Southworth, Esq., of Philadelphia,
— a brother in fraternal regard, — was largely interested in a
manufacturing enterprise at South Hadley Falls. During the
later years of his life there seemed to be an almost literal
fulfilment of the promise, "And whatsoever he doeth shall
prosper."
If, now, we interrupt the strain of connected narrative, and
endeavor to trace some of the elements of his great worth, it
will be natural to refer first to his mental vigor and intelligence.
6 Edward Southwortk. [Jan.
His mind was always active, and, when aroused, intensely so.
That which interested him was for the time all-absorbing. He
has been heard to tell the story of his first visit to Boston.
He was on his way to the University at Cambridge, where,
upon the morrow, he was to begin his career as a student in
College. He spent the night at one of the hotels ; but so
ull was his brain of the new scenes through which he was
passing, or expecting to pass, that his eyes were never once
closed in sleep. The habit of mental abstraction may have
grown upon him in later life ; but it was no uncommon thing
to see him in profound thought. You would observe it in " the
fashion of his countenance," in his moving lips, and eye fixed
intently upon the ground, and perhaps in the abruptness with
which he would burst upon you, — as he came to your door, or
met you in the street, or rose in the public assembly, — with a
thought which had stirred his whole being. It was this which
explained the terseness and power with which he spoke, the
earnestness of his tones, the bold vigor of his gestures. But
he was equally remarkable for the versatility of his mind. His
tastes were cosmopolitan. He was interested in everything
but trifles. There seemed to be no subject upon which he had
not read, or heard, and thought. During his life at Charleston
he was interested in the science of medicine ; and by reading,
attendance upon lectures, and operations in the dissecting
room, became so familiar with it, that hearing him converse
upon medical topics, you might have thought him a physician.
But so familiar was he with political affairs and political men,
that, in the next instance, you might have taken him for a pro-
fessed politician ; and then for a college professor ; and again
for a theologian. He was a close observer, with quickness of
apprehension, a sound judgment, retentive and ready mem-
ory, — a learner from men and things quite as much as from
journals and books.
By all who knew him, it will be agreed that the moral quali-
ties which shone in his life and character were the very high-
est. His lofty sense of honor, his magnanimity, his unswerving
truthfulness and undeviating integrity, were traits which none
could fail to recognize and admire. In his daily life these were
conspicuous. But he was not less remarkable for moral cour-
1 8/ 1.] Edward Sonthworth. 7
age.i Courteous and kind in his manners, generous and sym-
pathetic in his feelings, giving pain to others only at the cost
of greater pain to himself, you might have said that boldness,
whether in speech or action, could not characterize such a
nature as his. But let the occasion arise, and how soon do
you discover that here is no weakling. His courage knew
no bounds ; he was absolutely fearless. If personal reproaches
were poured upon him, he could sit with meekness and make
no word of reply ; but let it appear that right and wrong are
involved, or public interests at stake, and his whole moral
nature is aroused ; you may be sure you will hear his uplifted
voice and see his advancing step. Nor was he ever overcome
or appalled by the suddenness of an emergency. Indeed, it
was when others might have lingered and questioned and failed
utterly, that he showed his greatest power. Crossing the river
one winter's day upon the ice, it was told him that the crowd
below had gathered for a prize-fight ; that the cruel and bloody
work had actually begun. Instantly wheeling his horse, he
put him to his highest speed, drove down upon the brutal
crowd, into the very centre of it, and between the fighters
themselves ; and rising to his feet, shouted, " In the name
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, I command you to
disperse ! " And they dispersed. In almost equal degrees he
was strongly resolute and gentle.
As a companion, Mr. Southworth was everywhere welcome.
His social qualities were pre-eminent. Equally at home in the
dwellings of the rich and the abodes of the poor ; in the pres-
ence of fashion and ceremony, or of rustic simplicity ; he every-
where exhibited the same self-command, urbanity, and regard
for the pleasure of others. His intelligence, agreeable manners,
and fondness for society, secured to him an extensive acquaint-
ance, not only in his own county and State, but beyond.
He seemed to know everybody, and everybody knew him.
To strangers, and recent residents in his own town, he was
1 "I do not admire in a man," says Pascal, "the extreme of one virtue, as of
valor, if I do not see at the same time the extreme of the opposite virtue ; as in
Epaminondas, who had the extreme of valor and the extreme of quietness. For
otherwise this character would not rise, but fall, by the excess of one side. A
man shows true greatness, not by touching one extreme, but by touching both at
once, and filling up the interval." — Pensees, xxv. 9.
8 Edward Southworth. [Jan.
among the first, and was altogether the most frequent, to show
friendly courtesy. And while he keenly enjoyed the society
of the cultivated and refined, it was often remarked that he
seemed even more careful to show attention where others were
likely to withhold it.
He was fond of anecdote, and had an exhaustless supply at
command. The writer will not forget how exuberant he was
the evening before he was stricken down with his last sickness.
He had come in with his wife, to spend an hour with a father
in the ministry who was visiting at the parsonage. The ven-
erable clergyman was a good story-teller, but the deacon did
not suffer himself to be eclipsed. He was in the best of
spirits, and there was a heartiness and a ring in his tones
and laughter, which showed that . his heart was young, albeit
his locks were white. He was apt at repartee. A former
pastor, who for exercise had taken to sawing wood, had the
misfortune, by the giving way of his frail apparatus, to fall and
break his arm. How long it might be before he could resume
his pen, was uncertain. He was inclined to a somewhat
gloomy view of the case, and observed to his sympathizing
neighbor that it seemed like a providential indication that he
should stop preaching. " To me," responded Mr. Southworth,
" it looks more like a providential indication that you need a
new saw-horse."
He was a true Puritan ; wherever moral principle or religion
was at stake, he stood like a rock ; but he had none of that
scrupulousness which makes mountains of trifles, nor of that
outside piety which cautiously strains out the gnat and then
slyly swallows the camel. It was wonderful how conservative
was his social influence ; holding tendencies to excess in steady
restraint, and yet never seeming to have any offensive rigid-
ness. Perhaps the secret was, that together with a healthy
conscience, he carried everywhere an unconcealed sympathy
with every joyous impulse not unhealthy or unholy.
As a business man he was marked by the same qualities
which he exhibited in other relations. On the one hand he
was bold, on the other considerate and cautious. It is to be
noticed that he was inclined to broad views ; to look at things
in their general bearings ; to determine what was wisest and
1 8/1.] Edward SoiitJiworth. 9
best, as the philosophers would say, " on the great whole." It
may have been for this reason that he had less fondness for the
details of business ; preferred to commit these to others ; and
having found men whom he believed he could trust, left the
execution of his plans largely to their fidelity and skill. When
needful, however, he could oversee and instruct. He could put
his own hands to the work ; and in such a way as to prove that
there were few things which he could not do as well as the
best. Being at one time concerned in the manufacture of but-
tons, and a workman showing want of skill, he said to him,
" Give me your tool ; " — placed it upon the lathe, and, turning
out a model article, returned it, saying, " There, sir, turn your
buttons like that."
But, in his business career, nothing marked him more con-
spicuously than his thorough integrity. Here, no doubt, is the
explanation of the wide esteem and universal confidence accorded
to him ; of the fact that, among both older and younger busi-
ness men, he was a much sought and trusted counsellor and
friend. Other traits, already named, were happily combined
with this. He was dignified, and yet easy of approach, genial
and generous ; but, above all, was unswerving in his integrity.
So well was this understood that in financial circles his credit
was unlimited. And it was for this reason that his name and
co-operation were so eagerly solicited by the organizers of new
enterprises, anxious to secure the favor of a discriminating
public ; and by this means that he came to be an officer or
shareholder in almost numberless corporations. At the time
of his decease, he was president of the Hampshire Paper Com-
pany, Massasoit Paper Company, Hampden Paint and Chem-
ical Company ; treasurer of the Southworth Manufacturing
Company, director of the Agawam National Bank, Springfield
Fire and Marine Insurance Company, City Fire Insurance
Company, of New Haven, Ct., Agawam Canal Company,
Springfield and Farmington Valley Railroad ; and trustee of
Hampden Savings Bank, of Funds at Amherst College, and
of Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary. There could be no better
testimony than this to his widely recognized financial ability
and tried integrity.
Yet, multiplied as were his business responsibilities, he was
lO Edward Southworth. [Ja-n.
not so occupied with these as to be forgetful of other things.
His scholarly tastes were never diminished. His interest in
the cause of education and sound learning was life long. This
he evinced in the careful and thorough education which he
gave to his own children ; in his annual visits to his alma-
mater ; in the trusteeship of funds which he held at Amherst ;
and in the fact that, when Mt. Holyoke Seminary was estab-
lished, he gave to its building fund full one tenth of all his then
worldly means ; and, for many years before his decease, was
one of its trustees. In connection with his brother. Wells
Southworth, Esq,, he founded the course of lectures on Con-
gregationalism at Andover Theological Seminary. Of ques-
tions of moral reform, he was sure to be on the right side ; a
friend and advocate of temperance in all its forms. He hated
tobacco. Not a plant could get root on ground which he could
control. When a theological student, addicted to its use, ap-
plied to him for a loan of money, he enclosed the sum desired,
and wrote to him that if he would relinquish a habit every way
so disagreeable and hurtful, he would gladly make the loan a
gift.^ Plans for the reformation of the vicious, or to relieve
suffering, never failed to open his heart, enlist his energies,
and command his wealth.
But the great worth of this good man culminated in his
exalted piety ; rather, it was this which was at once the foun-
dation and the mainspring of that which was noblest in his
character and life.
His mother was a devoted, humble Christian. It was evi-
dent that her teachings and example made a deep impression
upon his mind. Not many weeks before his decease, in a
weekly prayer-meeting, he alluded, with tremulous voice, to a
visit just made to her grave, and to the resolution there renewed
that he would thenceforth cultivate more earnestly those win-
ning graces which shone on her. In sentiment, his father was
a Unitarian. But he was a strict keeper of the Sabbath, con-
stant in attendance upon public worship, and careful that his
children should be trained in the precepts of morality and
religion. Young Southworth was the subject of deep religious
1 It is to be hoped the pledge, so ardently given, will not be forgotten.
1 8/ 1.] Edward Sontlnvorth. ii
convictions from childhood ; but it was not until mature man-
hood that he professed Christian hope. The date and circum-
stances of his conversion are not known to the writer. It was
six years after his graduation from college, that he connected
himself, by profession, with the church in Charleston, then
under the pastoral charge of Rev. Dr. McDowell. From that
time, his religious views were clear and decided ; his Christian
life consistent, earnest, progressive. Let duty be ever so diffi-
cult or painful, he was never known to practice evasion, nor to
take refuge behind an excuse.
In sentiment he was thoroughly evangelical. A diligent stu-
dent of the Bible, he received whatever of precept, promise,
revelation, or warning, which he found there, as the veritable
word of God. He believed it, and it stirred him to the depths.
Those discourses from the pulpit which set forth the truths
that cluster about the Cross of Christ, never found him a list-
less hearer. He himself dwelt upon them with moving elo-
quence. It was in the light and joy of these that he wrought
and prayed, and hoped and waited ; that he so faithfully " walked
with God " until the master called him.
He held that membership in the church of Christ meant
testimony for Christ, and work for him. In accepting office in
the church,^ he cheerfully assumed its responsibilities.
He was a man of prayer. Who that ever heard him at the
family altar, or in the social assembly, — as upon the wings of
praise and of supplication he advanced, and rose, and came
nearer and nearer to that Ear into which his offerings were
poured, — could doubt that to him prayer was reality ; that he
loved it ; that he knew its potency ; that he truly came to God
with that faith which believes " that he is, and that he is a re-
warder of them that diligently seek him " .''
He was a believer in revivals ; the first to pray for them,
the first to detect their approach, the most earnest in whatever
was needed to advance them, the last to act as if the work had
begun to wane. There was no sacrifice of time or money
or strength which he would not make, no risk which he
would not run, that the onward movings of God's gracious
1 He was elected deacon of the First Church in West Springfield in November,
1857.
12 Edward Sotithworth. [Jan.
Spirit might not be hindered. How mightily he prayed in
those seasons of merciful visitation ! How solemn his appeals
to saint and to sinner — his voice now trembling with tender-
ness, and now lifted in faithful expostulations — portraying in
one breath the " terrors of the Lord," and again rehearsing what
was ever to him the amazing condescension and love of God !
Nor was this ardor and fidelity confined to seasons of revival,
unless with him all seasons were regarded as such. There was
no time, certainly in the later years of his life, when he did
not seem all ready for Christian work. Like a faithful shep-
herd caring for the spiritual flock, he went from house to
house, consecrating to such visitation the afternoons of suc-
cessive days and weeks. You might guess what errand was in
his heart, and rising to his lips, as, cane in hand, you saw him
sallying forth. " It was seldom," said a young Christian, " that
he passed me in the street without stopping to speak, and
never did he linger to speak when he did not inquire after my
spiritual prosperity."
In the Sabbath school he was equally ardent, whether a
superintendent, or a teacher of adults, or of eager-eyed boys
of a dozen summers.
He began to be a generous giver with the beginning of his
Christian profession. Before he had begun to accumulate, and
while his resources were limited, one of his pastors was accus-
tomed to say, " I have one man in my church who always
makes up the balances. If we have undertaken to raise a
given sum, and there is a deficiency at the end, Mr. South-
worth may be relied upon to supply it."
We have spoken of his friendliness to the poor. It was a
product of his piety, a Christian grace ; not only the impulse
of a generous and sympathizing nature, but an element in his
religion. It was one of the means which he took to gain them
for Christ ; the spirit of the loving iVIaster himself For this
reason he took care that they should feel the pressure of his
hand ; he sought, and sat with them, in their own homes ; minis-
tered to them in their sicknesses ; comforted them in their sor-
rows ; helped them over the hard places ; prayed for them, and
prayed with them. It was affecting to hear their lamentations
when death removed him. " I have lost a counsellor," says
one. "And I a friend and brother," says another. While a
1 8/ 1.] Edward Soiithwotth. 13
third and a fourth comes forward to say, " And I — and I —
have lost a father." That was truly a delightful tribute which
was paid him by one of another faith and nation, — whom in
other years he had befriended, — when he came, on the Lord's
Day morning, and begged to look at his motionless face :
" Sure, and there's a bed in heaven for him. He did n't
believe, as I do, in pope, bishop, and priest ; but neither priest,
bishop, nor pope would I trust sooner than him."
But others have borne testimony to his eminent virtues and
wide influence on the side of good. We shall be pardoned for
quoting at some length from the just and well-chosen words of
one who knew him from his earliest life, and with whom his
connection with Amherst College brought him into intimate
relations.
The Hon. Edward Dickinson, treasurer of that institution,
writes concerning him : " And to how few is the term ' the per-
fect man, and the upright,' so applicable as to him .-• Few per-
sons have combined in their characters such a harmony of
excellent and rare qualities ; and to very few is it permitted to
enjoy so largely the trust and confidence and esteem of private
circles, and the public generally. Quiet, unostentatious, con-
scientious, of strong natural powers, carefully cultivated by
study and thought ; diligent, active, public spirited, engaging
sincerely and earnestly in every enterprise intended to promote
the interest of the community in which he lived, and elevate
the standard of morals and education ; and, above all, crowned
with the graces of virtue and religion, which made him a living
power wherever he went, and gave him, from the intrinsic excel-
lence of his character, a commanding influence, without any
seeming demand of it. We, who have known and been inti-
mate with him from earliest boyhood, appreciate his loss, and
can bear testimony to his constantly increasing moral power,
and the ripening of his high qualities."
To this we may add the words of the Hon. Samuel H. Wal-
ley, who says, " I knew him only to love and respect him for
his moral worth, his vigorous manly character, and his earnest
religious life."
Seldom has a pastor been permitted to enjoy the sympathy
and co-operation of such a helper.
The Rev. Dr. William B. Sprague writes concerning him :
14 Edward Southworth. [Ja-n.
" I cannot help telling you with what deep regret I have read
a notice of the death of your excellent parishioner and neigh-
bor, Mr. Southworth. Though he did not come to West
Springfield till long after my pastoral relation there had ceased,
I have long known him as a man of great worth and intelli-
gence, and possessing every quality fitted to endear him to his
pastor."
We will add to these extracts, which we have been greatly
tempted to multiply, one from the eloquent pen of the Rev.
Dr. Eden B. Foster. " But why do I call it sad when there
are such memories thronging upon the mind of a Christian
life eminently beautiful and eminently useful, and such antici-
pations also of a life to come, where we hope to be associated
with the dear departed in the eternal joy and the eternal
song ? He was laying his plans and ordering his labors
with an unceasing thoughtfulness for the upbuilding of the
church and for the conversion of souls. His prayers and re-
marks at religious meetings, and his instructive and spiritual
conversation, always showed that all the depths of his majestic
and manly soul were stirred by the love of Christ, and by the
wonders of truth. I never knew his interest to flag in his
desire for the improvement of the youth of the town ; for the
conversion of the impenitent heads of families ; for the salva-
tion of all. His heart was full of patriotism. His thoughts
and his plans for the reformation of evils, for the welfare of
the country, for the evangelizing of the world, were large and
comprehensive and wise. I have taken sweet and improving
counsel with him on hundreds of topics ; I have received from
him most generous tokens of kindness ; I have been quick-
ened by his life and by his words in all high plans and all holy
aspirations. I thank God that I have known him. I thank
God for his great gift to the church and to his friends."
The closing scenes of his life were in keeping with that
which had gone before. He wrought to the very last. There
was to be a prayer-meeting on Thursday evening, nine days
before his death, for which, as his pastor was to go for a like
purpose in another direction, he felt an especial interest. Be-
fore the evening arrived, it began to be evident that it would
by no means be prudent for him to be present. And yet his
heart was bent upon its success. And so he sallied forth,
1 8/ 1.] Edward Southworth. 15
shaking already like a leaf in chilly autumn, in one direction
to make sure that the room should be suitably prepared, and
in another to secure an interested leader. Returning to his
home, and learning the presence of a neighbor, who had just
dropped in for a friendly call, he enters the room, and with a
smiling face and extended hand, says, "Do you know for what
I have come ? " " Perhaps," was the reply, " it is to ask me to
go to the meeting and help them sing." " Self-moved, I see ! "
was his cheerful rejoinder. Then, intent upon doing all that
might yet lie in his power, pen and paper in hand, he sits
down to request another neighbor — one not within the
enrolled membership of the church — to give his presence also
at the place of prayer, and his aid in the service of song.
" Go," he writes, " and God will bless you ; so believes one
who has seen the end of these things." And so he had ! That
kindly Christian message was his last. For, while others went
to the place of prayer, he sought the couch from which it was
the good Master's will that he should never rise ! It was true,
his work was done. His white head and slightly-bending form
is no longer seen in the sanctuary ; nor his clear, and some-
times ringing voice, heard in the Sabbath school, or assembly
for prayer. But his fragrant memory will abide in many a
grateful, loving heart. " His leaf, also, shall not wither,"
His illness was brief Before the hope of a trembling house-
hold that he might yet recover was altogether given over, he
sank into what seemed a quiet slumber, but proved to be a
lethargy from which he was never to wake. While loving
friends waited and watched, and inwardly prayed for his return
to consciousness, " he was not, for God took him."
It was the last month of the year, — Dec. 11, 1869, — when,
at the age of sixty-five, he passed away.
A vast concourse shared in his funeral obsequies. The
capacious church was filled in every part. Clergymen and
men of business, rich and poor, old and young, made up the
• mourning assembly. At sunset they bore him to his earthly
rest. The stranger will find the graceful granite column which
marks his place of burial in the cemetery which adjoins the
church where for so many years he devoutly worshipped.
Henry M. Grout.
West Springfield, Mass.
i6
Andover Catalogue, 1816.
[Jan.
CATALOGUE
OF THB
PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS
OF THE
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ANDOVER.
FEBRUARY, 181 6.
EBENEZER PORTER, Bartlet Professor of Sacred Rhetoric.
LEONARD WOODS, Abbot Professor of Christian Theology.
MOSES STUART, Associate Professor of Sacred Literature.
Eleazer T. Fitch, Resident Licentiate, on the Abbot foundation.
SENIOR CLASS.
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
David L. Hunn
Lotigineadow, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1813.
Lavius Hyde
Franklin, Conn.
Williams Coll.
1813.
William Kimball
Hanover, N. H.
Vale Coll.
1813.
Alexander Lovell
West Boylston, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll.
1813.
John Nichols
Antrim, A\ H.
Dartmouth Coll.
1813.
Henry Robinson
Guilford, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1811.
Thomas Shepard
Norton, Mass.
Brown University
1813.
Hart Talcott
Bolton, Conn.
Dartmouth Coll.
1812.
Calvin Yale
Lenox, Mass.
Union Coll.
1812.
MIDDLE CLASS.
Names.
Samuel C. Aikin
Elihu W. Baldwin
Ebenezer B. Caldwell
Georcje A. Calhoun
Ira Chase
William Ely
Noah Emerson
Joel Hawes
Willard Holbrook
Edward W. Hooker
Jonathan Ma2;ee
Richard C. Morse
Residence.
Windham, Vt.
Durham, N. Y.
Salem, Mass.
Salisbury, Conn.
Westford, Vt.
Saybrook, Conn.
Salem, Mass.
Brookfield, Mass.
Sutton, Mass.
Norwich, Conn.
Colerain, Mass.
Charlestown, Mass.
Graduated.
Middlebury Coll. 18 14.
Yale Coll. 18 12.
Darttnouth Coll. 1814.
Hamilton Coll. 18 14.
Middlebury Coll. 18 14.
Yale Coll. 18 13.
Middlebury Coll. 18 14.
Brown University 18 13.
Brown University 18 14.
Middlebury Coll. 18 14.
Williams Coll. 18 14.
Yale Coll. 18 12.
i87i.]
Andover Catalogue, 1816.
17
John L. Parkhurst
Levi Parsons
Otis Rockwood
Jesse Stratton
Hutchens Taylor
Carlos Wilcox
Moses E. Wilson
Ebenezer B. Wright
Fratnhigham, Mass.
Pittsfield, Vt.
Chesterfield, N. H.
Athol, Mass.
Tyringham, Mass.
Orwell, Vt.
Francestown, N. H.
Westhampton, Mass.
Brown University 1812
Middlebury Coll. 18 14,
Middlebtiry Coll. 18 13
Willi afns Coll. 18 14,
Williafns Coll. 18 14,
Middlebury Coll. 1813
Middlebury Coll. 1 8 14
Williams Coll. 18 14.
JUNIOR CLASS
Names.
Jasper Adams
Rufus W. Bailey
Amzi Benedict
Dan Blodget
William I."Boardman
Alvin Bond
Samuel W. Brace .
Amos W. Burnham
Isaac C. Day
Alfred Finney
Pliny Fisk
Horatio Gridley
Caleb Hobart
Alpha MUler
Elisha Mitchell
David L. Og^den
Alonzo Phillips
Ludovicus Robbins
Charles S. Robinson
Joseph Sawyer
Franklin Sherrill
Levi Spaulding
David Tenny
Aaron Warner
John B. Warren
Miron Winslow
Residence.
Graduated.
Medway, Mass.
Brown University
1815.
North Yarmouth, Me.
Dart7nouth Coll.
1813.
New Canaan, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1814.
Randolph, Vt.
Dartinouth Coll.
1815.
Dalton, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1815.
Sjitton, Mass.
Brown University
1815.
Oswego, N. V.
Hamilton Coll.
1815.
Dimbarton, N. H.
Dartmouth Coll.
1815.
Alfred, Me.
Randolph, Vt.
Dartmouth Coll.
1815.
Shelburne, Mass.
Middlebury Coll.
1814.
Berlin, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1815.
Milton, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll.
1815.
Sangerfield, N. V.
Hamilton Coll.
1815.
Washington, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1813.
New Haven, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1814.
Bradford, Mass.
Middlebury Coll.
1815.
Mansfield, Conn.
Middlebury Coll.
1815.
Granville, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1814.
Wendell, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1813.
Richmofid, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1815.
Jaffrey, N. H.
Dartmouth Coll.
1815.
Bradford, Mass.
Ha7-vard Coll.
1815.
Northampton, Mass.
WiUiams Coll.
1815.
Wilbraham, Mass.
Brown University
1815.
Williston, Vt.
Middlebioy Coll.
1815.
Senior Class 9
Middle Class 20
Junior Class 26
Total, 55
Andover (Mass.)
Flagg and Gould, Printers.
[A verbatim copy of rare Catalogue in the Library at Andover, fur-
nished by Mrs. Benjamin Greenleaf, of Bradford, Mass. — Librarian.]
SECOND series. — VOL. XIIL NO. \.
i8
Andover Catalogue, 1818.
[Jan.
CATALOGUE
OF THE
PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ANDOVER.
JANUARY, 181 8.
Rev. EBExNEZER POKTER, Bartlei Professor of Sacred Rhetoric.
Rev. LEONARD \YOOI}S, Abbot Professor of Cl!ristia?t Theology.
Rev. MOSES STUART, Associate Professor of Sacred Literature.
Edward W. Hooker, ) _ ., ... ...
Richard C. Morse, ' \Re"'i'»t Licentiates.
Names.
Amzi Benedict
Dan Blodget
William J. Boardman
Alvan Bond
Samuel W. Brace
Amos W. Burnhani
Pliny Fisk
Caleb Hobart
Alpha Miller
Thomas J. Murdock
Alonzo Phillips
Charles S. Robinson
Franklin Sherrill
Levi Spaulding
David Tenny
Aaron Warner*
John B. Warren
Miron Winslow
Names.
Raynolds Bascom
Hiram Bingham
Cyrus Byington
Rodney G. Dennis
Orville Dewey
Luther F. Dimmick
Louis D wight
Charles B. Hadduck
Charles J. Hinsdale
Hezekiah Hull
William P. Kendrick
James Kimball
Jonas King
Abner Morse
James Prentiss
Henry J. Ripley
Joseph Sawyer
SENIOR CLASS
Residence.
A^ew Canaan, Conn,
Randolph, Vt.
Dalton, Mass.
Sutton, Mass.
Oswego, N. Y.
Dimbarton, N H.
Shelbiirne, A/ass.
Milton, Mass.
Sangerfield, N. Y.
N^orwich, Vt.
Bradford, Mass.
Graiwille, Mass.
Richmond, Mass.
Jaffrey, N. H.
Bradford, Mass.
Northanipton, Mass.
Wilbraham, Mass.
IVilliston, Vt.
Graduated.
Yale Coll.
Dart7no7ith Coll.
IVilliams Coll.
Brown Univer.
Hamilton Coll.
Dartmouth Coll.
Middlebury Coll.
Dartmouth Coll.
Hamilton Coll.
Dartmouth Coll.
Middlebury Colt.
Willia7ns Coll.
Williams Coll.
Dartmouth Coll.
Harvard Univer.
Williams Coll.
Broivn Univer.
Middlebury Coll.
MIDDLE CLASS.
Residence.
Chester, A/ass.
Bennington, Vt.
Stockbridge, Mass.
New Ipswich, N. H.
New York, N Y.
Bridgewater, N. Y.
Stockbridge, Mass.
Salisbury, N. H.
Newark, N J.
New Haven, Conn.
Hollis, A\ H.
Fitchburg, Mass.
Hawley, Mass.
Medway, Mass.
Roxbury, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Wardell, Mass.
Graduated.
Williams Coll.
Middlebury Coll.
BoTudoin Coll.
IVilliams Coll.
Hamilton Coll.
Yale Coll.
Dartmojtth Coll.
Yale Coll.
Yale Coll.
Harvard Univer.
Yale Coll.
Williams Coll.
Brown Univer.
Harvard Univer.
Harvard Univer.
Williams Coll,
1814
1815
1815
1815
1815
1815
1814
1815
1815
1812
1815
1814
1815
1815
1815
1815
1815
1815
813
8i6
816
814
816
813
816
815
814
816
816
816
816
815
816
813
iS/i.l
A ndover Catalogue, 1 8 1 8.
19
Worthington Smith
Asa Thurston
Joseph Torrey
John Wheeler
David Wilson
Names,
Horace Belknap
Jonathan Bigelow
Isaac Bird
Elderkin J. Boardman
John Boardman
Joseph Brown
Willard Childs
Dorus Clark
Dana Clayes
Jonas Coburn
Asa Cummings
Ralph Cushman
Elijah Demond
John Duncklee
Patrick H. Folker
William Goodell
Daniel Gould
Luther Hamilton
Loammi I. Hoadly
Edward HoUister
Uriel Holmes
Henry Jackson
Eleazer Lathrop
Peter Lockwood
Jacob N. Loomis
James Marsh
Sidney E. Morse
Samuel P. Newman
Phillips Payson
Baxter Perry
Jacob Scales
Adiel Sherwood
Jonathan Silliman*
Thomas M. Smith
Charles B. Storrs
Daniel Temple
Spencer Wall
Elipha White
Lyman Whitney
William WiUiams
Alva Woods
Ezra Youngs
Hadley, Mass.
Fitdiburg^ Mass.
Sale/n, Mass.
Orford, N. H.
Hebron, N. V.
J U N I OR* C LASS
Residence.
Eas^- Windsor, Conn.
Boylston, Mass.
Salisbury, Conn.
Norwich, Vt.
Neiuburyport, Mass.
Ash by, Mass.
Woodstock, Conn.
West-Hampton, Mass.
Bridport, Vt.
Dracut, Mass.
Albany, Me.
Goshen, Mass.
Barre, Mass.
Greeiifield, N. H.
Charleston, S. C.
Templeton. Mass.
Nezu Ipswich, A^. H.
Conway, 3d ass.
Branford, Conn.
Salisbury, Conn.
Litchfield, Conn.
Frovidence, R. I.
Ho>ner, N. Y.
Bridgeport, Conn.
Charlotte, Vt.
Hartford, Vt.
Charlestown, Mass.
A ndover, Mass.
Rindge, N. H.
Worcester, Mass.
North- Var?no2ith, Me.
Sandy-Hill, N. V.
Saybrook, Conn.
Stamford, Conti.
Longmeadow, Mass.
Reading, Mass.
Norwich, N. Y.
Randolph, Mass.
Marlboroiigli, Vt.
Wethersfield, Conn.
Addison, Vt.
Southold, N Y.
WilliaJHs Coll. 18 16
Yale Coll. 1816
Dartmouth Coll. 18 16
Dartmouth Coll. 18 16
Middlebury Coll. 18 16
Graduated.
Middlebury Coll. 1816
Brown Univer. 18 17
Yale Coll. 18 16
Dartmouth Coll. 18 15
Dartmo7ith Coll. 18 17
Middlebury Coll. 18 17
Yale Coll. . 181 7
Williams Coll. 1817
Middlebury Coll. 181 5
Middlebury Coll. 1817
Harvard Univer. 1817
Williams Coll. **
Dartmouth Coll. 18 16
Dartmouth Coll. 181 7
S. Carolina Coll. 1 8 16
Darttnouth Coll. 18 17
Harvard Univer. **
Williams Coll. 18 17
Yale Coll. 18 17
Middlebury Coll. 18 16
Yale Coll. 18 16
Brown Univer. 1817
Hamilton Coll. 18 17
Yale Coll. 18 17
Middlebury Coll. 18 17
Dartmouth Coll. 18 17
Yale Coll. 181 1
Harvard Uiiiver. 1 8 1 6
Harvard Univer. 18 17
Dartmouth Coll. 181 7
Union Coll. 18 17
Yale Coll. 18 17
Yale Coll. 1816
Princeton Coll. **
Dartmouth Coll. 18 17
Middlebury Coll. 18 14
Brown Univer. 181 7
Middlebury Coll. 18 17
Yale Coll. 18 16
Harvard Univer. 1 8 1 7
Princeton Coll. 18 15
* A bsent.
** Not graduated on accouftt of ill health.
Flagg dr" Gould, A ndover.
Senior Class
Middle Class .
funior Class
18
22
42
Total 82
[A verbatim copy of rare catalogue in the Library at Andover, furnished
by Mrs. Benjamin Greenleaf, of Bradford, Mass. — Librarian.]
20 The Ideas and Polity of Otit Fathers. [Jan.
THE IDEAS AND POLITY OF OUR FATHERS.i
Is it possible for a man, at this day, to be a Christian, and
not be sectarian ? This was so with the first man who was
saved under the completed Christian system. The thief on
the cross was a Christian, but not a sectarian. Happy man !
He reached the essence and results of the glorious system of
Christianity with no strife or bitterness, or knowledge of the
possibility, even, of that question which an apostle was so
soon compelled to ask, which we are still compelled to ask, —
"Is Christ divided.?"
A man is a Christian from his relation to Christ. He is
wholly a Christian when he receives Him in all that He offers
himself for. He is a sectarian when he works for the interest
of any form of church organization in distinction from that of
Christianity. He is wholly a sectarian when he seeks the in-
terest of such organization, with no reference to the interests
of Christianity.
The thief on the cross was wholly a Christian. Christ was
to him all, the all and in all, for salvation. A thief, an outcast
even from men, there was nothing in him morally that could
commend him to God. Hanging on the cross, about to expire,
there was nothing he could do to merit salvation. Simple faith
in Christ, coming to Him just as he was, was all that remained
to him. This faith he exercised, so he came. Accepting of
Him as wholly his Saviour, he came into right relations to
God, both as a child, and as a subject. He came into right
relations with all who love God, and became at once a member
of that " general assembly and church of the first-born, whose
names are written in Heaven," and which no sectarianism can
ever divide.
But if, instead of passing that day into Paradise and being
with Christ, we suppose he had continued on the earth, what
' Delivered by Rev. Mark Hopkins, D. D., President of Williams College, before
the Jubilee Convention of the Rhode Island Conference, in the Beneficent Church,
Providence, October ii, 1870.
1 8/ 1.] The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. 21
must he have cast off and left behind him, and what would he
have needed ?
And, first, he must have cast off and left behind him his
former associates and his immoral life. This would have been
implied in his repentance. Between religion and morality the
union is as inseparable as between the root and the branch of a
tree, and the first condition of a Christian life is the renuncia-
tion in spirit, not only of all forms of immorality, but of its very
principle.
Secondly, he must have rejected, as a method of salvation,
all notions of the Jewish economy, and of an earthly priest-
hood.
The Jewish economy and priesthood were from God, but were
intended to be temporary. "A shadow of good things to
come," the things themselves having come, they had answered
their end. Not by them had he been saved. He had gone up
to no earthly temple, had offered no bullock, had confessed his
sins to no robed priest ; but as the Jews of old, bitten by ser-
pents, had turned their eyes upon the brazen serpent lifted up,
and had been healed, so had he turned his eyes upon the Son
of Man lifted up, and had been saved, — saved by Him, by Him
only. He had found the Messiah, Him who was at once the
victim and the priest ; the Lamb of God slain from the founda-
tion of the world, and the great High-priest who was to pass
into the heavens, that true tabernacle which the Lord pitched,
and not man, and who was to live forever, making intercession
for his people. How, then, would it have been possible for him
to go back to a system of types and shadows, of ceremonies
and priestly manipulations ?
And this, just this, — the utter elimination of the element of
an earthly priesthood from the Christian church, except as all
Christians are kings and priests unto God, is what is now most
needed. The tendency to return to this has been as persistent
from the beginning as was that of the Israelites of old to return
to idolatry, and it has the same basis in our nature. Univer-
sally, mankind tend to substitute for the God of the Bible some
other god, and for the mode of approach to God appointed by
Him, some other mode. Retaining or introducing this priestly
element, not only will the conception of the mode of salvation
22 The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. [Jan.
become modified and perverted, but the whole church pohty
will become permeated by the combined tendency to super-
stition and to aristocracy, and will be sure to assume either
an aristocratic or a monarchial form. These two tendencies,
the tendency to superstition and the tendency to aristocracy,
are among the strongest in our nature, and in their combination
are among the most fearful. Let it be supposed that the inter-
vention of any man or set of men is necessary to salvation, and
the conditions of that intervention may, and will be made, such
as to establish a priestly power that will reach all the depart-
ments and relations of life, that will ally itself naturally with
the civil power, that will seek to subordinate that power to
itself, and will thus become the foundation of a despotism more
pervading and more degrading than any other. By as much
as such a despotism may be based on a perversion of that in
man which is highest and best, by so much will the degradation
it will bring be more utter and hopeless. If this combination
and the tendency to it could but be eliminated from the Chris-
tian world, the greatest source of corruption to the church,
and a great obstacle to the spread of Christianity, would be
removed. This whole tendency the thief on the cross must
have left behind him.
One thing more which such a man must have cast off and left
behind, would have been all paramount authority, whether in the
realm of knowledge or of power, except that of Christ. He
would have been the man to understand the force of that say-
ing of our Lord, " Neither be ye called masters, for one is your
Master, even Christ." By no authority or direction of others,
but on the ground of his own convictions, and in the exercise
of his own private judgment, he had come to Christ. He had
received Him, not only as his Saviour, but as his Teacher, his
Master, his King. It was to His kingdom that he had prayed
to be received, and it was to His guidance and authority alone
that he could thenceforward be subject.
Having thus seen what such a man must have left behind
him, we next inquire what he must have needed ; needed, that
is, as a Christian. Christ came to accomplish a work not only
for man, but in him, and by him. The work for man, the re-
demptive work, Christ accomplished without human co-opera-
1 8/ 1.] The Ideas and Polity of Oitr Fathers. 23
tion. That within him, and by him, requires such co-operation,
and the question is, what a man already a Christian would
need, that all that for which he became a Christian might be
accomplished in him, and by him.
It belongs to the conception of the Christian religion that
a radical change should be wrought in man. This change jus-
tifies itself to reason, because its completion is a completed
manhood. If we have that, we are content. The completion
of that change and life which Christianity brings in, is " the
fulness of the statue of a perfect man in Christ Jesus." But a
perfect man in Christ Jesus is simply a perfect man, made so
through recovery from imperfection and sin ; and the change
to be wrought in one who has newly become a Christian, is a
change from sin and imperfection to holiness and perfection.
That this change may be wrought in man, through Christ
alone, is clear from the case of the thief on the cross. Christ
is the source of life in Christianity, as the sun is in nature ;
and this change in man is to be wrought through that union
with Him which He has compared to the union of the branch
with the vine. Without Him thus brought into union, we can
do nothing. This union is by faith, acting in the light of truth,
and under the inspiration and guidance of the Holy Spirit.
The spirit takes of the things of Christ and shows them unto
men, and men grow up into perfection in Christ only as they
are so brought into relation to Him as to derive life from Him.
Hence, the only value of human agency, and of institutions
human or divine, in connection with the work to be wrought
in man, the only value of the truth itself, is that they so bring
us Christ that we derive life and growth through Him. It is
Christ, the person of Christ as a source of power and of life,
that is the centre of Christianity ; it is love to His person as
a divine Saviour, rather than the belief of any dogma not im-
plied in such love, that makes us to be Christians ; and hence
those institutions will be the best in this regard, which, claim-
ing no efficacy for themselves, having nothing in themselves to
draw men from Christ, simply lead them to Him.
But again, not only are changes to be wrought in a Chris-
tian till he shall become perfect, they are also to be wrought
by him. It is through the agency of Christians that the world
24 The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. [J^"-
is to be converted to God. For this end, each Christian is to do
what he can as an individual. For this end, too, as well as for
his own Christian progress, and the cultivation of his social
nature, he is to become banded with others. Hence the neces-
sity of a church. A church is a body of Christians, organized
and associated in accordance with the commands of Christ, for
the promotion of all the ends of Christianity, so far as they
can be best promoted by associated action. If, therefore, any
one can tell what those ends are, and also what that form of
association is through which they can be best promoted, he
can tell what the best form of the church will be.
In constructing a Christian church, we are to go on the sup-
position that those composing it are Christians, and we are to
adhere unflinchingly to the consequences that would flow from
this supposition. Unless the church be composed of Christians
it is not a Christian church ; and if it be, then its members are
to be governed as Christians. But by the fact of becoming a
Christian, a man becomes fitted for self-government, if he but
have knowledge. His character by that becomes fundamen-
tally right. His directive powers have the right set, and this,
not knowledge, but this, is the thing chiefly needed. Hence,
in governing a man as a Christian, we may bring no motive
and no penalty to bear upon him except such as will affect him
as a Christian ; and fines, confiscations, imprisonment, tem-
poral rewards and punishments of any kind, are utterly alien
from the true conception of a Christian church. They do not
address men as Christians, and cannot promote Christian ends.
The moment the Christian church adopts these, it becomes, so
far forth, anti-Christ. The attempt by the church to enforce
other forms of discipline and of punishment than those pre-
scribed by Christ in the i8th of Matthew has been the cause
of all the persecutions by which she has been disgraced, and
of the untold confusions and mischiefs that have arisen from
the union of church and state. The new wine of Christian
character needed the new bottles of Christian churches gov-
erned simply as Christian. If Christian men cannot be gov-
erned simply as Christians, Christianity is a failure.
Assuming, then, the cardinal proposition that the Christian
church is Christian, and to be governed by motives that can be
1 8/ 1.] TJie Ideas and Polity of Oicr Fathers. 25
addressed only to Christians, what would be needed that sijch
a body might most readily and perfectly reach its ends in the
perfection of its individual members, and the conversion of
the world ?
As already intimated, the first thing needed would be knowl-
edge. In the very act of choosing God in Christ as a Father,
a ruler, and portion, is the essential wisdom. Herein is the
choice of the right supreme end. This is the love of God, and
nothing short of this is. If, now, there be knowledge for the
right choice of means, the great conditions of Christian sta-
bility and progress will be secured. Such knowledge is every-
where implied and insisted on in the New Testament ; Christ
came to be " a ligJit to lighten the Gentiles," as well as " the
glory of his people Israel." He was a Teacher, the great
Teacher, and his last command to his disciples was to "teach
all nations." It is a great glory of the Christian religion that
it requires knowledge, and no perversion can be greater than
that which deprives the mass of the people in papal countries
of the Bible, and which so either fosters or allows ignorance
among them that they are unable to read. Everywhere the
voice of Christianity to man is, "Awake thou that sleepest, and
arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light."
With the wisdom implied in choosing God, and with knowl-
edge, a foundation is laid for self-government, and so for free-
dom ; for, just so far as there is self-government, there can be
freedom, and no further. Freedom, then, will be the next thing
required. Freedom, religious freedom ! through what throes
and convulsions has it been born into the world ! Through
what struggles is it now passing, and yet to pass ! How
strange that a religion of love should have excited persecution
more bitter than any other ! How strange that those who
have professed such a religion should have been the most bit-
ter persecutors ! How strange that that religion which alone
fits man for freedom should have been able to find it only in
the fastnesses of mountains, and by fleeing across an ocean to
primeval forests ! Religious freedom ! This is the condition
and the measure of responsibility, the fountain and guarantee
of all other freedom, the prerequisite of equality and brother-
hood, since none can lord it over others where all are free.
26 The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. [Jan..
And this freedom, no less than knowledge, is implied and
provided for in the New Testament. They are, indeed, associ-
ated by Christ as they must be in fact. " Ye shall," says He,
" know the truth ; " there is knowledge ; " and the truth shall
make you free ; " there is freedom, the outgrowth of knowl-
edge, the knowledge of the truth. This freedom it is of which
Christ says, " If, therefore, the Son shall make you free, ye
shall be free indeed." This Paul understood when he said,
" Ye are called unto liberty ; " and when he spoke of " the
glorious liberty of the sons of God." James understood it
when he spoke of " the law of liberty," a remarkable expres-
sion, containing the whole theory of free government ; and
Peter understood it when he exhorted Christians not to use
their liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. This freedom, this
interpenetration of knowledge and freedom, produced by Chris-
tianity as by nothing else, never has had free scope, and never
can, under any hierarchical form of church government.
Knowledge and freedom are for the individual ; but when
individuals, having a freedom thus the outgrowth of wisdom and
knowledge, become associated together, the natural result is a
spontaneous order. And this order would be the next thing
needed. .
How different this from the conception of some who think
of freedom as opposed to order. But order from growth, be-
coming the outward expression of an inward principle working
towards perfection, an order typified by that of the heavens, in
which each planet seems to be moved by its own will, is more
beautiful than any other ; and this can come only from free-
dom. This is compatible with diversity in outward form, and
seeming irregularity. It is not only opposed to the disorder
which comes from an abuse of freedom, but is the reverse of
that order which comes from without, and is to be carefully
distinguished from it. That is an order which comes from
arrangement and contrivance and repression ; an order which
makes much of precedents and forms and conventionalities ;
an order of conservatism for the sake of order; an order which
would have prevented Peter from preaching to the Gentiles,
and Paul from eating with them ; an order which drove Wes-
ley and Whitefield into the fields to preach, and which drove
1 8/ 1.] The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. 27
from their livings in the Church of England eighteen hundred
men in one day, — good men and true. This order may be well
in its place, but substituted for an order from freedom, it be-
comes what idolatry is to the worship of the true God. Very
different is it from that order and steadfastness in the Colossian
church, in beholding which the apostle Paul joyed and rejoiced.
We now come to an idea which is assuming prominence at
the present time. A principle of order from growth in a single
community, must become a principle of tmity between different
communities controlled by it This would naturally be so if
each community were to find its end in itself ; it must be' so
when the end of each can be gained only as they work towards
a common end. Unity, then, would be the next thing needed.
This is that for which the Saviour prayed : " That they all may
be one," — one, not as a unit, but as a unity. One as our plan-
etary system is one, as the body is one, as any organism is one,
in which all the parts are actuated by a common principle, and
conspire to a common end.
Like the idea of religion itself, this of unity is one of those
great ideas for which the human mind has such an affinity that
it will cling to it under perverted forms, and despite unutterable
mischiefs wrought through it in those forms. There is some-
thing fearful and most sad in observing how the ineradicable
ideas and tendencies of our nature essential to its perfection,
and sure to work it out if rightly directed, become, through
wickedness and consequent misdirection, the instruments of its
bondage. So it is that the idea of religion and the craving for
it create the possibility and the power of superstition ; and so
does the idea of unity and the craving for that create the pos-
sibility and the power of despotism. It is here as in speculative
error, which becomes plausible and mischievous as it is mixed
with truth and perverts it.
What, then, is the unity, the oneness in the church, which is
possible and desirable .-' As has been said, it is a unity which
may be represented by an organism, as that of the body, in
which each part has a place only as it is of service for all. So
the New Testament often and elaborately represents it ; and to
know what unity is possible, we only need to know where and
what the head or central point of this organism is. But here
28 The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. [Jan.
the New Testament is explicit. Christ is the head. We are
to " grow up into Him in all things, which is the head, even
Christ, from whom the whole body fitly joined together and
compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to
the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh
increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love." This
removes from the earth the centre of unity in the church as
the priesthood and sacrifices had before been removed ; and
the church on earth will have unity just in proportion as it is
united to Christ, and works together with Him. This unity
men have attempted to realize by organizations having their
head and centre on earth, and by so including all Christians
in them as to be the church. But such an organization never
did exist, and never can. Of these centralized organizations
the Roman Catholic is the only one whose ideal would require,
or admit of, but one centre of organization. All others con-
template simply similarity of organization, with different cen-
tres for regions more or less extended. These lose the gran-
deur and the power that belong to the idea of one organization
on earth, and neither have, nor can have, any higher unity in
kind, than Congregational churches ; while they, in common
with the Roman Catholics, impair, if they do not destroy, the
true ideal of a local church.
In the New Testament the word " church " is plainly used in
two senses: "When Christ said, "Tell it to the church," He
must have meant a church. When Paul wrote to " the church
of God in Corinth," or spoke of " the church that was in
the house of Priscilla and Aquila," he must have meant a
church. Again, when it is said that " Christ loved the
church and gave himself for it," or that He is "head over
all things to the church, which is his body, in the fulness of
Him who filleth all in all," it must mean either all on earth
who are truly united to Him, or all who have been or will be
thus united. When, therefore, the local church is spoken of
in the Scriptures as the church, it means a church organized
in a particular place or house ; but when the church is spoken
of in distinction from this, it means no organization on earth ;
and no such organization can be the church in the sense of the
Scriptures.
iS/i-] The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. 29
In this view of it, I should be at a loss to know where to find
a Roman Catholic church. The local church, so called, cannot
be that, for it is not an organization by itself, but part ol
another. It cannot govern itself, or supply its own wants.
The same would be true of any other denomination sufficiently
centralized. The moment the local church becomes so incor-
porated into a larger body as to impair any of its functions as
a self-legislating and self-governing body, it ceases, so far forth,
to be a church ; and certainly the larger centralized body of
which it becomes a part, can neither be a church nor tJie
church. With us, each church is a unity complete in itself, the
church member being the peer of his pastor, and the pastor,
instead of belonging to a distinct order, differently governed, is
permitted to be in covenant relation with his own church ;
while the churches themselves, if they are united to Christ,
have, through their union with Him, all the union that is possi-
ble without exposure to the politics and divisions incident to a
false centre of unity, that is, a centre of power over a church,
in a body which is not a church. Here, indeed, is the true
point of difference between us and others, and it is not a matter
of indifference, but involves a principle, a departure from which
has been as the letting out of waters. We have bodies, as
general associations and conferences, for fellowship and con-
sultation ; we have bodies, as the American Board, for carrying
out the will of the churches ; but we have no body which is
neither a church, nor the church, which has power over a
church.
That unity for which Christ prayed was not, then, at all a
unity of organization with reference to power, but a spiritual
unity to which organizations should be an aid. Organization
is simply instrumental. If such union can be with different
forms of it, those forms are of little consequence. If not,
they are, so far forth, obstructive of the cause of Christ. That,
evidently, will be the best form which shall best provide for
the unity of the individual church, and through that for the
higher unity of the church universal.
Intelligence, freedom, order, unity, a unity of the individual
church blending itself with, and helping to constitute the unity
of the church universal, — the Holy Catholic Church, — these
30 The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. [Jan.
existing in any church could not fail to give it aggressive power.
This would be the next thing needed in an organization that
should best provide for individual growth, — growth by activ-
ity, — the great condition of growth for everything vital, and
should also provide for that conquest of the world which is yet
to be achieved.
Individual growth and aggressive power naturally go to-
gether, acting and reacting on each other. They will always
go together, unless hindered by interfering and mischievous
organizations, that either repress energy, or turn it aside to
their own ends. Of both, the root is an intelligent sense of in-
dividual responsibility calling forth energy. It was when such
responsibility was laid upon individual Christians scattered
abroad, that the early church prospered ; and the problem of
this day is to bring such responsibility to bear, not only on
ministers and church officers, but upon every individual Chris-
tian, as a Christian, so that he shall labor for the extension of
Christ's kingdom. When this shall be done, and not till then,
will the highest amount of aggressive power in truly Christian
work be reached ; and that will be the best form of organiza-
tion which is best adapted to secure this.
We have now seen not only what a Christian, not another
man, but a Christian converted as the thief on the cross, or as
Paul was, must have left behind, but what he would have
needed for full Christian growth. He must have left behind
him his immorality, his dependence on a ceremonial religion,
on an earthly priesthood, and on human authority as ultimate.
He would have needed, as an individual, knowledge and free-
dom. As associated with others, he would have needed order,
unity, and aggressive power. These are what reason would
demand. But here, as elsewhere and always, the Scriptures
and reason are in accord ; and these are precisely the things
which the Scriptures require. Give us these and we are con-
tent.
But while we hold that these are the essential things required
by the Scriptures and by reason, and also that the Scriptures
prescribe no one form of organization through which these shall
be expressed and wrought out, we also hold that form is not in-
different. We hold that some forms are so little consonant with
1 8/ 1.] The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. 31
the spirit of brotherhood and equahty implied in freedom and
in a common relation to Christ, so little consonant with a vital
order, and with a comprehensive unity, that these cannot exist
in connection with them, and that intolerance and persecution
will be their natural result. We hold that such forms of organ-
ization may be obstructive of the life of Christianity in every
degree, but that they will be less and less so as they approxi-
mate that which is the natural expression and instrument of its
spirit of humility and simplicity and love. That form we sup-
pose was the outgrowth of the Jewish synagogue, that it was
that of the primitive apostolical churches, and that it was essen-
tially Congregational. We suppose there was then on the earth
somewhere a church complete in itself, presided over and taught
by a pastor of bishop, or presbyter or elder. We suppose that
there were cJmrcJies, and that history has shown that all attempts
to construct any organization on earth that might properly be
called tJie church, have been delusive and disastrous. They
have uniformly led to narrowness and arrogance and persecution.
With a form of organization thus consonant with the spirit of
Christianity, and with a centre of unity in Christ only, and not
at all for power, we shall have no temptation to sectarianism,
except what belongs to our imperfection as men ; and it will be
comparatively easy for us to work solely for Christian ends.
Working thus, we are not sectarian ; and churches after the
primitive apostolic pattern, working together solely for Christian
ends, cannot be a sect. We are not shut up to the necessity of
sectarianism, and, God helping us, we will not be sectarian. If
others can work through other forms solely for Christian ends,
they will not be sectarian ; but we think, and history confirms
it, that those forms tend to sectarianism in proportion as they
tend to centralization.
In treating of the ideas already mentioned, I have said noth-
ing of those peculiar religious doctrines, or of that formal union
of churches which are necessary to Congregationalism, techni-
cally so called. For this, there was no time or need, because,
without them, essentially, whatever knowledge or freedom there
may be, we do not believe that the order and unity and effi-
ciency of which we have spoken can be realized. But with
these doctrines, and the character implied in a hearty reception
32 The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. [Jan.
of them as a basis, the system is one of great flexibihty in
securing its ends. It may use a liturgy with no tendency to
episcopacy. It is wholly a prejudice to suppose that a liturgy
has any essential connection with Episcopacy. It may elect
ruling elders with no tendency to Presbyterianism. The essen-
tial point is the completeness and independence of the local
church in the first instance, and an ultimate reversion of power
to that. Give us that, and we shall have all the order and unity
and aggressive power that the existing piety and intelligence,
acting freely, can produce.
Using the sling and stone of such an organization, so sim-
ple and flexible, and well adapted to Christian ends, and so
poorly adapted to those of ambition and of superstition, Chris-
tianity is in strong contrast with the hierarchy of the Jewish
system in respect to power, just as its rites and ceremonies are
in contrast with those of that system in respect to forms. The
rites and ceremonies of Christianity, we believe, were pur-
posely so constructed in their fewness, simplicity, and obvious
significance, as to afford the least possible ground for formalism
and temptation to it ; and the original organization of the
Christian churches we believe to have been purposely so con-
structed as to afford the least possible temptation and sphere
for the love of power.
But it has been objected, and will be, that this system,
though theoretically right, implies in Christians a greater power
of self-government than they possess, and hence cannot be ap-
plied in practice. Congregationalism, it is said, will do for New
England, but not for the West. The principle implied in this
objection is sometimes applicable, but has generally been so
applied as to be mischievous. That principle is, that if you
would have a perfect system, you must have perfect men. The
objection to this is, that if you wait till you have perfect men,
you will never have a perfect system ; and it would be more
true to say that if you would have perfect men, you must have
a perfect system, of the idea of which they shall feel the inspira-
tion, and under which and towards which they can work. If
you have men who cannot feel the inspiration of such an idea,
then the principle is applicable, and you must do the best you
can ; but short of this, an imperfect system will not only
1 8/ 1.] The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. 33
tend to establish itself, so that, as in' despotism, it will
require violence to break it up, but it will confirm and en-
hance the imperfection of those under it. Would you teach
a man to swim, you must put him into the water ; would
you fit him for responsibility, you must lay it upon him ;
would you fit a man for freedom, you must give him freedom
" They are not fit for freedom," was the slaveholder's plea ; and
the principle is the same when it is said that men are not fit
for Congregationalism. But the principle in question, whether
ever applicable to men in their relation to civil liberty or not,
must be much less so to Christians, because they are, by the
supposition, under the inspiration of ideas and principles which
will carry them on to spiritual perfection, and so must not
only need the aid of an outward organization theoretically per-
fect, but may safely be entrusted with freedom to work under
it, and to work it out. If a community of Christian people
cannot govern themselves as Christians, wisely and well, then
self-government anywhere is impossible.
In saying what I have now said, I know well how, under a
system thus educating all men for freedom through freedom,
the patience of right-minded men must often be tried by igno-
rance and narrowness and passion, and the wrong-headedness
of those who mistake will for conscience ; but it is not more
than the patience of God is tried by all men ; and if he bears
with us in training us up under a system of freedom, we may
well bear with our fellow-men. Certainly, if it were not for tne
example of the Son of God, and the relation of all men to Him,
I could be no advocate of such a system. Such a system is
no more " of man," or " according to man," than is the gospel
itself, and in its treatment by men it has fared much as has
that gospel.
Piety, intelligence, freedom, order, unity, and aggressive
power, — these it was that our fathers brought to this conti-
nent 250 years ago ; and with these, and as their natural out-
growth, they brought that simple system of polity which they
thought, and which we think, best adapted to nourish and give
them scope. To these they clung, for these they suffered per-
secution and exile, not because they saw distinctly, probably
they did not, how that deeper religious freedom which they
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. I. 3
34 l^he Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. [Ja-^-
sought would grow'into civil freedom, or how the democracy
of the church would expand into the democracies of towns,
and of the republics that should cover a continent ; but because,
in the light of the Scriptures, and under the guidance of the
Spirit of God, their spiritual instincts and cravings demanded
these as the elements and expression of their inner life.
And because our fathers thus clung to these ideas and to
this polity, we honor them to-day. We commemorate their
great enterprise, and rejoice in its results. We rejoice in what
they were. Imperfect they were, and so were the Israelites ;
but they bore the ark of God. Imperfect they were, and
belimed by contact with false systems, but they led the van
of human progress in their day. They, and they only, were as
much carrying out the Reformation to its logical results in the
ideas we have considered, as the late Ecumenical Council have
carried out the papal system of unity to its logical results.
And those results — they test the quality of their work, and
in them too we rejoice. We do not hesitate to compare the
New England which they made with any portion of the globe
as it is now or ever has been. In justice, we ought to speak
only of the descendants of the Pilgrims and Puritans ; but tak-
ing the whole population moulded by their institutions, and
where will you find more piety towards God .■* Where is there
more general intelligence .-• Where did the church and the
common school and the college ever so intertwine themselves,
and blend their enlightening and elevating power .-* W^here has
there been more freedom, civil and religious .'' Where has there
been more order .'' order in families, and consequently in the
state .'' As a consequence of these, where has invention been
so quickened, where have wealth and the comforts of life been
more generally diffused ; and where have the poor, the blind, the
deaf and dumb, the insane, the orphan, been better cared for .-*
Where, if we exclude unity for power, has there been more
unity in the churches .-* If, however, it be said that we have
here nothing to boast of, it may also be said that we have, rela-
tively, nothing to be ashamed of It only remains to ask where
there has been more aggressive power, — not power always,
or generally, in extending its own forms, but, disregarding
forms, in extending those ideas which have permeated other
1 87 1.] The Ideas and Polity of Our Fathers. 35
forms, quickening the pulse of their life, and limbering their
machinery? Where did our societies for Foreign Missions
and Home Missions, our Tract and Education and Temper-
ance Societies, originate ? Where did the money come from
that has built so large a portion of the churches and colleges
of the West ? Whence the men who are so welcomed into
other denominations, not only as members, but as pastors and
theological professors ? And who are so readily made elders
and vestry-men and bishops ? Whence that schoolmaster
who is abroad ? Whence the beneficence, the philanthropy,
the sweet Christian charity that braves contempt, and through-
out all the South seeks the elevation of the freedmen ? Surely
here has been, and is, aggressive power.
As, then, we honor piety towards God, as we honor knowl-
edge and freedom and order and unity and beneficent energy,
let us continue to honor our fathers, honored of God in being
made the best exponents in their day of these great ideas.
They planted seeds ; they kindled fires ; they watched by the
cradle of empire. From the seeds which they planted have
grown trees whose branches have intertwined, and now over-
shadow the breadth of a continent. By the light of the fires
which they kindled, the nations are now reading that charter
of their inalienable rights which was written by the finger of
God. The empire whose cradle they watched is that empire
of freedom and of God which is to fill the whole earth.
Few persons, if any, can hesitate to agree, that no other
system of church government than Congregationalism could
have been successful in New England at that day. No other
system could have done so much for religion ; no other system
could have done so much for liberty, religious or civil. " The
meeting-house, the school-house, and the training-field," said
old John Adams, " are the scenes where New England men
were formed." Independent churches prepared the way for
Independent States and an Independent Nation ; and formed
the earliest and most enduring barriers and bulwarks at once
against hierarchies and monarchies. — Robert C. Winthrop.
36 A Remarkable Genealogy. [Jan.
A REMARKABLE GENEALOGY.
"Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest
■ make princes in all the earth."
Visiting a cemetery in Yarmouth, Maine, this memorial
year, one may notice there a tasteful monument, newly erected
to the memory of Dea. Jacob Mitchell, who died at Yarmouth
in 1848, aged 84 years.
Dea. Mitchell was himself " a good man and full of the Holy
Ghost and of faith " ; and he was of a family the history of
which remarkably illustrates God's way of enlarging and per-
petuating His church in the line of the posterity of its mem-
bers. In this family there has been an unbroken succession of
deacons for several generations, and continuing to the present
time, which is quite unusual.
Experience Mitchell, the earliest paternal ancestor of the
family in the country, having, with other Puritans, fled from
persecution in England to Holland, and dwelt there for a time,
came to America in the ship Ann, arriving at Plymouth in
1623 ; resided there till 163 1, when he became a resident and
proprietor of Bridgewater, where he died in 1 689, aged 80 years.
Edward Mitchell, son of the foregoing, probably lived
and died at Bridgewater, leaving at his death several children.
Jacob Mitchell, son of Edward, settled at Dartmouth,
where, in 1675, at the breaking out of King Philip's war, him-
self and wife suffered death at the hands of the Indians.
Dea. Jacob Mitchell, son of the preceding, dwelt at
Kingston ; removed to North Yarmouth, Maine, in 1728 ; was
a founder of the first church there in 1730 ; elected Deacon,
1737 ; died 1744, aged 74 years.
Dea. Jacob Mitchell, son of the above, lived at Pembroke ;
followed his father to North Yarmouth ; was elected deacon in
the same church, 1745 ; died in 1784, aged 87 years.
Dea. David Mitchell, son of the last-named Jacob, a
man of culture, judge in the Massachusetts courts, member of
the Massachusetts convention of 1788, that ratified the Consti-
tution of the United States, became a member of the church
in North Yarmouth, 1753; elected deacon in 1770; died, while
a member of the senate of Massachusetts, 1796, aged 6y years.
1 8/ 1.] A- Remarkable Genealogy. 37
Dea. Jacob Mitchell, to whose memory filial piety has
now erected a monument, was son of Dea. David Mitchell,
elected deacon 1796; died 1848, aged 84 years. A man
greatly beloved and honored by his fellow-citizens, — having
been chosen by them to the legislatures of Massachusetts and
Maine, and having held important civil offices for more than
thirty successive years.
Dea. Ammi R. Mitchell, son of David, and elder brother
of the preceding, a physician, and prominent civilian, elected
deacon in 1803 ; died suddenly in 1824, aged 62 years.
Dea. Ammi R. Mitchell, son of the last-named Jacob,
removed from Yarmouth to Bath ; elected deacon in the then
"North," now Winter St. Cong. Church, 1824, which office he
still holds.
Dea. Jacob Mitchell, son of Jacob, and brother of Dea.
Ammi of Bath, united with the church so long served by his
ancestors, 1822 ; is now a physician in Chelsea, Mass., where
he was elected deacon in the Winnisimmet Cong. Church, in
the year 1856.
Jacob Mitchell, jr., of Boston, is a member of the Win-
nisimmet Cong. Church, Chelsea.
From this family have sprung several ministers of the gospel.
Rev. David M. Mitchell, a man of singular purity, and whose
ministry was remarkably successful in winning souls to Christ,
who died at Waltham, Mass., November 27th, 1869, was one
of them. Others are now in service, in different and distant
States of the country. In the territory of ancient North Yar-
mouth, are now embraced Yarmouth, North Yarmouth, Cum-
berland, Pownal, Freeport, and Harpswell. In these towns
there are now seven Congregational churches, besides a large
number of other churches of evangelical faith. The parent
church has contributed largely of its members for the consti-
tution of the larger part of these. Yet the original church, ol
which Dea. Jacob Mitchell, the first, was a founder and a dea-
con, lives and thrives ; and in its whole history his family has
had representatives in its membership, than whom none others
have been more loved, honored, or essentially identified with
its progress and work.
David Shepley.
Yarmouth, Me., Nov. 1870.
38 Hanserd Knollys, in Spi'agues " Aimals." [Jan
HANSERD KNOLLYS, IN SPRAGUE'S "ANNALS."
The Annals have put the American churches under a great
debt of gratitude to Dr. Sprague. But the recognized value
of that work makes it the more important that no errors
therein should be suffered to pass into unchallenged history.
For this reason, and in no spirit of fault-finding, we refer to
the article on Hanserd Knollys/ the first article in the
Baptist volume.
The writer of the article in question evidently had a theory.
It was this : that Knollys, while minister of the First church
in Dover, N. H., 1638-41, was, or became, a Baptist ; that that
church either became a Baptist church, or divided into Baptist
and Pedo-Baptist ; and that the ecclesiastical and civil quarrels
of that time and place were the conflicts of Baptist and Pedo-
Baptist principles. The first part of this theory has not the
slightest proof ; the second is clearly untrue ; and the third is
ridiculous. The writer drew on his imagination for his facts.
He was obliged to do so, if Hanserd Knollys was to lead in a
volume about American, Baptists.
Before examining his theory, allusion to a few minor inaccu-
racies may not be out of place.
1. "Dover, N. H., then a settlement called Piscataway."
He might as well say, " Boston, a settlement called Massachu-
setts ; " or, " New Haven, a settlement then called Connecti-
cut." The Piscataqua River gave 2^ general name to the region
round about, and included all the settlements of that region.
Boston people spoke of going to Piscataqua, without distin-
guishing its divisions.
2. " Piscataway." " This is the original orthography. It
was afterwards written Piscataqua." The writer could not
have examined authorities. It was not originally " Piscata-
1 The name is variously spelled. Lechford, in 1642, writes it " Knowles."
Winthrop's Journal says " Knolles " ; and Belknap copies him, both in his History
of New Hatnpshire, and in his manuscript records of the First Church in Dover,
N. H. But the Autobiogi-aphy, conclusive authority unless the spelling has been
tampered with, says "Knollys." So does a record of the New Hampshire courts,
November 10, 1642; and so does the Baptist Confession of Faith, London, 1646,
which purports to give signatures.
1 8; I.] Hanserd Knollys, in Spmgjics ''Annals^ 39
way," but nearly or quite " Pascataquah " ; the first vowel
being " a," not " i " ; and the final " h " being a guttural so
severe as often to be written " k." The map in Wood's New
England's Prospect, 1634, gives it " Pascataque," doubtless in
four syllables. The Hilton's Point Patent, 1629, says " Pas-
cataquack." Early manuscripts which we have seen some-
times say " Pascattaquack." The grant of a glebe in Ports-
mouth, N. H., 1640, says " Pascataquack " ; and that is also
Winthrop's orthography.
3. " Capt. Burdet," who ruled at Dover. He was not a
captain, but a reverend.
4. Of the church in Dover, organized in 1638, he says:
"This was the first church in Dover, if not in New Hamp-
shire. It was then a Congregational church. The first Con-
gregational church in Exeter claims the priority by a few
months, and is probably right in doing so." That this was the
" first church in Dover," is reasonably clear, as a second was
not formed in what is now Dover, for nearly two hundred
years, nor in any part of old Dover, for nearly a hundred
years. " It was then," and always has been, "a Congregational
church." The existing "first Congregational church in Ex-
eter " was not organized till the Dover church was sixty years
old, namely, in 1698, and the probability is that the original
Exeter church, which became extinct, was itself not formed
until after the Dover church. Wheelwright and the others
who formed the Exeter church, were not dismissed from the
First church in Boston until February 6, 1639. But the
writer does not seem to know that the church in Hampton
was of earlier formation than either of them.
5. " The Baptist body [meaning part of the Dover church],
composed, as Winthrop says, 'of the more religious,' adhered
to Mr. Knollys, and to avoid the oppressive state and church
jurisdiction of Massachusetts, . . . removed to Long Island in
1 64 1." This is a tissue of inaccuracies. Winthrop makes
not the slightest allusion to any "Baptist body." The settle-
ment on Long Island was made by people from Lynn, though
Knollys was, for a brief time, somehow connected with it.
Winthrop himself states that the church which went to Long
Island was formed in Lynn, and of Lynn people.^ Lechford
1 Winthrop's Journal, ed. 1853, ll: 4 ef seq.
40 Hanserd Knollys, in Spragiies ^^ Annals r [Ja-^.
does the same.^ So far, we have never been able to find in
that company a single Dover name of the date. As to the
oppressive jurisdiction, Knollys had become at peace with
the Massachusetts authorities, and went to Boston with a let-
ter of recommendation from Hugh Peter, who was then, or
just previously had been, in Dover, asking that he " have the
liberty of sitting downe in our jurisdiction."
6. " The settlement [Dover] during that period, in conse-
quence of Capt. Mason's death, and the giving up of his patent
by his widow, was a little independent republic." Mason's
widow never gave up his patent. It went, by his will, to his
grandsons. Under it, his heirs made repeated claims by law,
and eventually sold its rights, in the year 1746, to twelve citi-
zens of New Hampshire, and under titles from these men much
land in New Hampshire is held. Further, while Mason had
a patent which nominally covered all this territory, yet, in the
divisions of the property, Dover was held under another patent,
and by different parties ; and the plantations of Mason were at
Portsmouth and Newichawannock, — the latter in Maine.
Mrs. Mason found it impossible to maintain these plantations,
but she and they had nothing to do with Dover, nor with
"giving up" any patent.
7. He says that Knollys was born in Chalkwell. Better
works say "Cawkwell."^ The needless vagueness in dates
of ordination can be readily supplied, by saying that he was
ordained by the Bishop of Peterborough, as deacon, June 29,
1629, and as presbyter the next day. Other omissions or in-
accuracies need not be specified. The historical theory which
finds the Baptist question dividing Dover and the Dover
church in 1640, is of more consequence.
1 Lechford's Plain Dealing, 1642 ; Trumbull's admirable edition, page 102.
2 Born in 1598, of pious parents; educated at the University at Cambridge;
after graduation, was chosen master of the Free School at Gainsborough ;
ordained as above ; received, from the Bishop of Lincoln, the living of Humber-
stone ; was indefatigable in labor ; became scrupulous as to *' the lawfulness of
using the surplice, the cross in baptism, and the admission of persons of profane
character to the Lord's Supper " ; and therefore resigned his living, after holding
it " two or three years " ; preached two or three years longer in various churches
by the Bishop's good nature ; in or about 1636, he renounced his Episcopal ordi-
nation, and joined the Puritans ; was imprisoned, released, harassed, and left
England.
iS/i.] Hanserd Knollys, in Sprague's "Atmals." 41
Knollys came to Boston in 1638.^ His child had died on
the passage. He was very poor. Some money of his wife's
had paid their passage, he having, on embarking, "just. six
brass farthings left." The Boston ministers represented to
the magistrates that he was an Antinomian, and advised that
he be not allowed to remain. At Boston, he says, "I was
necessitated to work daily with my hoe for the space of almost
three weeks." Two persons from Dover happened to be in
Boston, and invited him to go to Dover. He did so, but, by
Rev. George Burdet, then ruler there, was forbidden to preach.
Burdet was speedily superseded in the government by Capt.
John Underbill, also a man banished from Massachusetts, an
old soldier under the Prince of Orange, famous in the Pequot
war, and long after this time to be famous in those New York
Dutch wars with the Indians, which ended with the crowning
victory of Strickland's Plain. Burdet's power being over-
thrown, Knollys began to preach ; and in December, 1638,
he organized the First church in Dover.
So far, there is not a hint that he was then a Baptist. He
was charged with Antinomianism ; and it was the period of
that " woman of a ready-wit and bold spirit," Mistress Anne
Hutchinson, and of her circuitous "brother," Rev. John
Wheelwright,^ and of that first American Synod, which con-
1 In a ship commanded by Capt. Goodlad, which left Gravesend April 26, 1638,
and arrived at Boston about the 20th of the following July. — Drake's Bostoti.
The Annals say he arrived "early in 1638"; it was as early as the latter part of
July.
2 Winthrop says, I, 238, " a brother of hers, one Mr. Wheelwright." The
researches of Hon. John Wentworth, of Chicago, patient and unsparing of cost,
have elucidated the connection, and also the others following in this note.
Rev. John Wheelwright married, at Bilsby, Lincolnshire, November 8, 1621, Mary
Storre. Mary's brother, Augustine Storre, married, at Alford, Lincolnshire, No-
vember 21, 1623, Susanna Hutchinson. Susanna's eldest brother, William Hutch-
inson, married Anne, daughter of Rev. Francis Marbury, which Anne was the one
who made so much ecclesiastical disturbance. So that Wheelwright was Anne's
"brother" by being her husband's sister's husband's sister's husband.
The Marburys were an old family in Lincolnshire. William Marbury, Esq., of
Girsby, had (with probably others) Catherine, who married, 19 August, 1583,
Christopher Wentworth ; and Rev. Francis, Anne's father. It is noticeable that
the settlers of Exeter, where Rev. John Wheelwright went and founded a church,
included quite a group of relatives from the same vicinity in Lincolnshire. Wheel-
wright himself, connected as above with the Marburys ; William Wentworth
(afterwards an elder in the Dover church, and a good man), Christopher Helme,
42 Hanserd Kitollys, in Spragues "Awials." [Jan.
demned eighty-two " erroneous opinions " and nine " unwhole-
some expressions," all drawn out of Mistress Anne's heresy.
Two years passed in reasonable quiet, varied only by an
external difficulty with Massachusetts, caused by a letter which
Knollys, in his irritation, wrote to England, in which he
declared that the Massachusetts government was " worse than
the high commission " ! A copy of the letter came back to
Boston, and was sent to Dover. Knollys had not had any
great reason to love Massachusetts ; but, on reflection, he was
satisfied that he had been too harsh, and wrote a handsome
apology to England, besides going to Boston, under a " safe
conduct," and making a public acknowledgment.^
But, in 1640, Rev. Thomas Larkham came to Dover. Bel-
knap calls him "another churchman." He was a man of
popular abilities, and wealthy. He owned, or came to own,
some shares in joint-stock of the land patents.^ Attracting
and Christopher Lawson, grandsons of Christopher and Catherine (Marbury)
Wentworth ; Augustine Storre, brother of Wheelwright's wife ; and Edward
Rishworth, who married a daughter of Wheelwright.
1 A copy of his safe-conduct from the Suffolk Registry (Boston, Mass.), by Mr.
Wm. B. Trask, may be found in the New England Historical and Getiealogical
Register, 1865, page 132 ; and a reference to Knollys' second letter to England;
2 Larkham was a native of Lyme, England, born May 4, 1601. He graduated
at Jesus College, Cambridge. He was first settled at Northam, near Barnstaple,
England, but was so worried by vexatious persecutions, that he came to America.
But " not favoring the discipline " in Massachusetts, he came to Dover. He sold
his final interest in the plantations, September 13, 1642, to William Walderne and
Ferdinando Gorges, — apparently an interest on the Maine side of the river. A
curious paper, hardly ministerial, reads as follows : —
The Accompt of goods in the Custody of mr Larkham wch doe belong unto
the whole adventurers.
Imp one great Iron Pott.
Itt one fouling peece the barrel fiue foote
Itt 3 pr of musket moulds, one pr sheep sheres
Itt 2 beast tobacco pipes, one Great knife, 2 ps [illegible], 5 dozen Awle
blades, i dozen Cod hookes, 4 lb 5 lead, one sickle, one bearing bill
Itt one [illegible] saw and two moosecoates
Itt a key of the barn dore
I acknouledge it
THOM. LARKHAM
Vera Copia
The key nicolas [Scamon had ?] of Mr Larkham and is in his custody
This is A true Copie Compared to the Original y' was on file & test in its steed
as Attests
EDWARD RAWSON, Secrety
NICH: SCAMON.
1 8/ 1.] Hanserd' Knollys, in Spragues "Annals," 43
many of the people, he decidedly eclipsed Knollys, who gave
way, and Larkham became the minister.
Then soon began the conflicts. The Annals quote Belknap
correctly : that " Larkham soon discovered his licentious prin-
ciples, by receiving into the church persons of immoral char-
acters, and assuming, like Burdet, the civil as well as ecclesias-
tical authority. The better sort of people were displeased,
and restored Knollys to his office, who excommunicated Lark-
ham." Winthrop says:^ "In this heat it began to grow to a
tumult, some of their magistrates ^ joined with Mr. Larkham,
and assembled a company to fetch Capt. Underbill (another of
their magistrates, and their captain) to their Court, and he also
gathered some of their neighbors to defend himself, and to see
the peace kept ; so they marched towards Mr, Larkham's, one
carrying a Bible upon a staff for an ensign, and Mr. Knollys
with them, armed with a pistol." ^ Lechford's account is not
• very different. "And further, master Larkham flying to the
Magistrates, master K. and a Captain [ Underbill ] raised
Armes, and expected help from the Bay ; master K. going be-
fore the troop with a Bible upon a pole's top, and he or some
of his party giving forth that their side were Scots, and the
other English." ^
Larkham and his adherents then sent to Portsmouth, eight
miles down the river, for help. Francis Williams was a sort
of Governor of that independent settlement. He came up,
" with a company of armed men," says Winthrop, " and beset
Mr. Knolles' house, where Capt. Underbill then was, and
there they kept guard upon them night and day, and in the
meantirne they called a Court, and Mr. Williams sitting as
'judge, they found Capt. Underbill and his Company guilty of
a riot, and set great fines upon them, and ordered him and
some others to depart the plantation." Lechford says of the
1 yourftal, 77: 32.
^ The Annals say : " Larkham and his adherents raised a riot." Having the
majority of the magistrates, and Mr. Larkham being all the governor that Dover
had, it is difficult to see how he made "a riot."
^ ThQ Annals say: "In these exciting and critic d circumstances, either the
solicitations of his fellow citizens, or his own sense of duty, impelled Mr. Knollys
to appear in public as the head of a body of citizens," etc. The alleged alterna-
tive of reasons are, of course, purely imaginary.
* Plain Dealing, 103.
44 Hanserd Knollys, in Spragues ''Annals." [Jan.
Court : " Whereupon the Gentlemen of Sir Ferdinando Gorges
plantation came in, and kept Court with the Magistrates of
Pascattaqtia. . . . Nine of them were sentenced to be whipt,
but that was spared. Master K. and the Captain were fined
loo.l. a piece, which they were not able to pay."
The Knollys party sent to Massachusetts for aid. They
had, just previously to this trouble, offered to put Dover under
the Massachusetts government, against which Larkham and
others had protested.^ The Governor and Council appointed
Mr. Bradstreet (a magistrate). Rev. Hugh Peter, and Rev.
Timothy Dalton, to go to Dover and endeavor to reconcile the
parties. " They went accordingly," says Winthrop, " and find-
ing both sides to be in fault, at length they brought matters to
a peaceable end. Mr. Larkham was released of his excommu-
nication, and Capt. Underbill and the rest from their censures
[the fines, etc.]."
Now, the writer in the Annals goes on to argue that the
Baptist question was at the bottom of these difficulties. He
asserts "that the First church in Dover became a Baptist
church, and that a second church ^ was thereupon formed by
the disaffected members" ; and that the "Baptist body," i. e.
the First church, removed to Long Island.
In all history there is not a shadow of foundation for these
assertions.
The First church of Dover never became Baptist. It never
removed to Long Island. It still exists on the old foundation,
being now two hundred and thirty-two years old ; and bids
fair to last as long as churches are needed by men.
In support of these denials : —
I. The utter silence of records and historians as to any
Baptist troubles in Dover would be sufficient to discredit the
theory, not heard of until the year 1859. The reliable histo-
rians of these troubles are Winthrop and Lechford. Hubbard
is here of little account. Belknap almost confines himself to
1 Original paper in the hands of J. Wingate Thornton, Esq., of Boston.
^ Winthrop, indeed, says, " whereupon they were divided into two churches."
But it is very clear that he did not mean any formal and organic division, but
merely the temporary separation of two parties. He goes on to speak of the re-
moval of Larkham's excommunication, in which he is conscious of but one church
of which Knollys was pastor. Lechford does not allude to any such division.
1 87 1.] Hansera Knollys, in Spragues '^Annals!' 45
taking from Winthrop. The Winthrop Papers in the Massa-
chusetts Historical Col/ections are of great value, so far as they
refer to these disturbances.^ But Winthrop and Lechford are
the real authorities. Massachusetts was then keeping a very-
watchful eye over its northern border. It was afraid of evil
company. In 1638, the Governor, by order of the General
Court, had written ^ to Dover, remonstrating against "their
entertaining and countenancing, etc., some that we had cast
out." At the time of these troubles, Massachusetts was ex-
pecting to extend its jurisdiction over this territory, both by
claim of patent and by consent of the majority of the people.
Winthrop frequently mentions occurrences in the Piscataqua
country. It is inconceivable that Winthrop, governor at the
Bay, and Lechford, who disliked the Bay, should both
ignore the Baptist origin of these troubles, if they had
such an origin. If either of these two writers had any
motive for suppressing the fact, the other could have the
same motive for exposing the fact. Nor, if Knollys was a
Baptist when he came to Dover, would Winthrop have omitted
to state it, in connection with his alleged Antinomianism,
Nor is it likely that Belknap, a minister of the church which
Knollys founded, and a most minute antiquarian in all that
concerned Dover, could have failed to discover somewhere a
trace, by tradition or otherwise, of the Baptist troubles of the
fathers. But his church-history (still in manuscript, except as
printed in a local paper, for which we once copied it entire)
has no hint of such a discovery.
2. It is remarkable that Knollys' friend Underbill and
his adherents had already applied to have Dover taken under
the Massachusetts government. As Baptists, and opposed to
the Bay churches, they would have done just the reverse.
3. It is equally remarkable that Rev. Hugh Peter, either
at Dover or just after his visit, in a letter relating to the oc-
currences, a letter carried to Boston by Knollys himself, should
have made it a special request that Knollys " and three or four
more of his frends may haue the liberty of sitting downe in
our Jurisdiction." " Hee may [be] vsefull without doubte, hee
1 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi : 103, 106-7 J Vll : 178-181.
2 Winthrop's Journal, 1 : 332.
46 Hanserd Knollys, in Spragues "Annals!' [Jan.
is well gifted, you may doe well to heare him at Boston." ^
Hugh Peter recommending Boston people to hear a Baptist
minister who had just transformed a Congregational church into
a Baptist church, and who had thereby bred a commotion which
had divided the people into organized and armed companies !
What is alleged on the other side ?
Solely one half-quotation from Lechford. The Annals say :
" His own words are these : ' These two [Knollys and Lark-
ham] fell out about baptizing children, receiving of members,
&c."' Our Baptist brother evidently jumped to the conclusion
that the only question about " baptizing children," was whether
to baptize them at all ; and about " receiving of members,"
was a question of immersion. He considers Larkham to be a
Cohgregationalist, and yet as " receiving members of immoral
characters " ; as if the Puritan was not tenacious to the death
in practising the principle that the church must be made up
solely of " saints by calling."
But the Annals do not quote fairly. There is no "etc." in
Lechford's statement. Instead of " etc.," Lechford says,
" burial of the dead." Had the whole been quoted, the diffi-
culty would have been apparent, of showing how the Baptist
question affected that solemn service !
One who takes a wider view of ecclesiastical principles than
he gets by looking at everything in his own denominational
light, will readily see that these three causes *of difficulty were
the ones on which the Pitritan and the Prelatist were then in
battle. The baptism of children, — its form, its significance,
the phraseology employed, the restriction to children of church-
members, were subjects of fierce discussion. The " receiving
of members," — whether only those v^ho gave evidence of
the " new birth," or any who promised amendment, was the
dividing line between Puritan and Prelatist. The burial of the
dead, — whether the English forms should be used, or the dead
buried as our fathers buried them, without even a prayer. This
great division, which was fiercely working in England, was the
little division which agitated an obscure settlement in the New
Hampshire wilderness.^
1 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi : 106.
^ See note on page 40, where Knollys' scruples, while in England, on the sign
of the cross in baptism, and on receiving unfit persons to the Lord's table, agrees
perfectly with the hints of this paragraph.
1 8/ 1.] Hanserd KnollySy in Spragiies "Ajuials!' 47
It is true, that it is nowhere stated, in so many words, that
this conflict was one between the Puritan and the Prelatist,
although Belknap (quoting from Hubbard^) calls Larkham
"another churchman." But the circumstances are clearly
decisive.
New Hampshire was settled under different auspices from
■ Massachusetts. Its people came, not as a commonwealth, and
for religion, but as emigrants procured by the non-resident
proprietors, and who came for trading and fishing. Capt.
John Mason, the patentee, was an ardent adherent of the
Church of England. Portsmouth and Dover were both settled
in the spring of 1623, by men who came in one ship. Edward
and William Hilton, and possibly Thomas Roberts, settled
Dover, and neither is supposed to have been a Puritan,
although William Hilton was at Plymouth in 162 1, but left
early. A very few people came in the next ten years. In
1633, there was a considerable accession of emigrants sent out
by the new proprietors (Lord Say and others), from the west
of England, " some of whom " were " of some account for re-
ligion." The proprietors sent out with this company Rev.
William Leveridge,^ "a worthy and able Puritan minister."
But he soon left, for want of support.
The plantation grew, in this irreligious way, for several
years. In 1636, or 1637, came Rev. George Burdet, who, in
April, 1635, had left Yarmouth, England, where he was " lec-
1 2 Mass. Hist. Coll., v : 362.
2 LeveridgQ, or Leverich, arrived at Salem, Mass., in the ship James, October
10, 1633, and came immediately to Dover. Leaving Dover as above mentioned,
he went to Boston, and was admitted a member of the First Chm'ch, August 9, 1635,
and soon after was of Duxbury, where a lot of land was laid out for him in 1637,
He was admitted freeman, in the Plymouth Colony, January 2, 1637-8. He was
of Sandwich in 1638, as appears by Plynioutk Colony Records, i : 88, and was min-
ister there from near that time (certainly from 1639) until 1652. In 1651, he was study-
ing the Indian language with a view to labor among that class (PljTnouth Colony
Records, ix : 196). In 1653, he was in the service of the Commissioners of the
United Colonies, laboring among the Indians (Records, x: 34). In the autumn of
that year, he was removing to OysteT Bay, L. I., and the vessel carrying his goods
was seized by a captain commissioned by the R. I. authorities. In 1657 and 1658,
he is found at work among the Indians. In 1658, he accompanied the first settlers
to Huntington, L. I., of which he was one of the patentees, and resided there until
1670, when he removed to Newtown, L. I., where he died in 1677. He had two
sons, Caleb and Eieazer. The latter was married, but left no issue. Caleb had
one son and two daughters ; the son left posterity.
48 Hanserd Knollys, in Spragiies "Annals." [Jan.
turer," a kind of assistant to the " minister." He had been
arraigned, by a charge from the minister, for not bowing at
the name of Jesus. He declared that he had, did, and would
bow ; and he brought several gentlemen ready to depose that
he did. But the chancellor believed the minister.^ Burdet
left Yarmouth suddenly, leaving his wife to charity, and came
to Salem, Mass., where he was received to church membership,
employed a year or more to preach, and also, September 2,
1635, made "freeman," /. e. invested with all the rights of
citizenship. But " finding the discipline of the church . . .
too strict for his loose conscience, "<»^ he went to Dover.^ He
continued in good esteem awhile, but then succeeded in in-
ducing the people to make him governor, and thus set aside
Capt. Thomas Wiggin, who had been appointed by the English
proprietors.* Burdet proceeded to open correspondence with
Archbishop Laud. Early in 1639, came replies from the Arch-
bishop and lords commissioners for plantations, thanking him
" for his care of His Majesty's service," but " by reason of
much business " they could not at present accomplish his de-
sires. That business resulted in King Charles losing his head.
When Knollys came to Dover, therefore, he found a settle-
ment originated under Episcopal auspices, though enlarged
under other influences ; a people mixed in their character, none
of them emigrants for conscience sake, and none of them
Puritans of the Bay type ; ^ the settlement a refuge for men
who could not endure the Massachusetts rigor ; no church
organized after fifteen years of colonial life; and a minister
who, in spirit a churchman, was corresponding with Arch-
bishop Laud, and who was supported by a portion of the
1 Bloomfield's History of Norfolk (England) gives a full account of Burdet's
troubles in Yarmouth.
- Hubbard, 2 Mass. Hist. Coll., V : 353.
8 No record gives the exact date ; but as he had a grant of land in Salem, July
5, 1637, and had some time been governor of Dover, September, 1638, it is proba-
ble that he came thither late in 1637.
■* Wiggin was always well disposed towards the Massachusetts government.
" I haue, and you all haue cause to bless God that you haue soe good a neighbour
as Capt. Wiggen." — Letter of Edward Howes (in England) to John Winthrop, Jr.,
June 22, 1633. 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi : 489.
6 When these plantations came under the Massachusetts rule, that government
was obliged to dispense with the law that only church members could be voters,
so far as the new acquisition was concerned.
1 8/ 1.] Hanserd Knollys, in Spragucs "Annals." 49
people. "Of some of the best minded" Knollys gathered a
church. But it was in the midst of a people who have, gen-
erally, no love for Puritanism. Burdet left the town ; ^ but
" another churchman," Larkham, came in, and by appealing to
the looser elements, succeeded in superseding Knollys.
It is not to be pretended that Larkham attempted, any more
than Burdet, to introduce the English liturgy. He simply
began to conduct ecclesiastical affairs on the principles of the
English church, and directly antagonistic to the Puritan idea.
" The more religious " is a meaning phrase, as used by Win-
throp. The "notoriously scandalous and ignorant, so they
would promise amendment," whom Larkham received to the
church, is equally suggestive, when we remember the essential
difference of the Puritan idea of the church, and the prelatical
practice. Knollys held the Puritan idea ; Larkham was a
churchman. The former led the Puritan element ; the latter
led all such as, whether they loved the church of England or
not, did not love the Puritans nor the Massachusetts govern-
ment. The former, seeing that there was no hope of Puritan-
ism unless under the Bay government, applied, with all who
were tired of the unsettled state of affairs, to be received under
that authority. The latter, with his adherents, sent a written
protest against such extension of the Massachusetts power.
At this juncture came the rupture and the military display,
A single, sentence of Lechford's, not quoted in the An-
nals, is one of those suggestive phrases which any thought-
ful historian ought to trace : " Master K., going before the
troop with a Bible upon a poles top, and he, or some of his
party giving forth, that their side were Scots, and the other
English." It will be remembered that the canons for liturgi-
cal worship in Scotland were published in the earlier part of
the year 1637 ; that on the 23d of July, the new liturgy,
1 Burdet was detected in lewdness, and hurriedly departed over the border into
Agamenticus, where he assumed to rule, and continued a course of profligacy until
the arrival of Thomas Gorges, in 1640. Gorges had him arrested and tried for
various offences. He was convicted on three charges, and fined (Maine Hist. Col-
lections, 1 : 365, full particulars). He appealed to the king, but his appeal was
not admitted ; and he departed for England, where he joined the royalists, was
captured and put in prison, and there falls out of history.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. I. 4
50 Hanserd Knollys, in Spragiies "Amtals." [Jan.
pressed upon Scotland by the English bishops, was read for
the first time in Edinburgh, was met by riots on the spot, and
failed of acceptance ; that public affairs remained disturbed,
Scotland arming, until they eventuated in open hostilities. In
the beginning of the year 1639, ^^^^ English forces moved north-
ward, and soon occupied Berwick. A temporary pacification
was announced June 17, 1639. The conflict was renewed in
1640, and that little war, known as "the Bishops' war," ended
with the action at Newburn-on-Tyne, August 28, 1640, which
Clarendon calls " that infamous, irreparable rout at Newbern."
With this defeat of the English, the attempt to establish in
Scotland the principles of the church of England, as framed
in the canons and liturgy of the English bishops, utterly failed.
This conflict between the Scotch Puritans and the English
Prelatists was understood in America. In December, 1640,
" they brought us news of the Scots entering into England,
and the calling of a Parliament, and the hope of a thorough
reformation." ^
The disturbances at Dover were in the spring following.^
The significance of the phrase " giving forth that their side were
Scots, and the other English" is apparent.
In agreement with this view, is the fact that the Portsmouth
authorities, and those of the Maine side of the river, were
Episcopalians. At Portsmouth, " the people were not puri-
tanical, but retained their attachment to the church of Eng-
land." ^ An Episcopal chapel was then standing ; an Episco-
pal minister was then officiating. The Gorges interest was
entirely Episcopal. The readiness with which these parties
came to the assistance of Larkham, though out of their own
jurisdiction,'^ particularly as they were for obvious reasons
opposed to the extension of the Massachusetts authority, is
thus explained.
Knollys did not long remain in Dover. He seems to have
left that place by April or May, 1641, going to Boston. In the
^ Winthrop's Journal, il : 25.
2 Hugh Peter went to Dover in April.
8 Adams' Annals of Portsmouth, 27.
* Savage's note to Winthrop, 11 : 33, is in error in saying that Williams was
"governor of the settlements at Portsmouth and Dover." Dover was never under
his authority.
1 8/1.] Hanserd Knollys, in Spragues "Awials.'' $l
autumn of that year he may have been on Long Island, but
he arrived in London, December 24, 1641, having returned at
the request of his aged father.
Larkham left Dover the next year. Before his leaving, the
Massachusetts government had annexed the New Hampshire
towns, October 9, 1641, and Larkham became very severe in
his public utterance against the Episcopal minister of Ports-
mouth. His " churchmanship " had vanished.
The ecclesiastical troubles of Dover ceased.^ In 1642, on
the request of the people, Massachusetts sent an excellent
man, Rev. Daniel Maud, " a man of quiet and peaceable dis-
position," for a time schoolmaster in Boston, who died in 1655,
bequeathing one book to " Cambridge library," his Hebrew
Bible to Mr. Brock, other books to other people, and " a little
manuscript wrapped up in my desk which I would have com-
mitted to Mr. Brock to put into the hands of Mr. Davenport,
who as I heard, is intending to go for England, that he would
peruse ; and for putting it forth, I would leave it to his wise and
godly ordering of"
It may be of interest to follow the subsequent life of the
two Dover leaders.
Knollys was known in England as a man of eminent piety,
and indefatigable zeal. It is said, apparently on good authority,
that he was admitted to converse with Charles I., when that
monarch was under sentence of death. It is needless to con-
dense Brock's account of him, made up very greatly of Knollys'
Autobiography to the year 1670, continued till his death by
Mr. Kiffin. He became openly a Baptist ; was stoned, fined,
and imprisoned ; was now a successful teacher, and then preacher
to a regular congregation of a thousand persons ; was a chap-
lain in the army, and a fugitive on the continent ; a leader
1 Unless we accept the fact that Edward Starbuck, an elder in the church, was
indicted, October 3, 1648, for " disturbing the peace of the church," " denyeinge
to joyne with the church in the ordinance of baptism." He was bound over to
the next court, " to answer for such offences as have been by him committed
against the law concerning Anabaptists," and was charged to " be of peaceable
and good behaviour towards all men, and especially towards the Reverend Teacher
of Dover." This is the only Baptist we have ever discovered in that church in
early days, and he went to Nantucket. Unfortunately for the Baptist theory of the
troubles, Hanserd Knollys' suit for slander, in 1641, was against this very man.
52 Hanserd Knollys, in Spragiies ''Annahr [Jan.
among the Baptists, and equally hated by their enemies. He
suffered by the death of his wife, and that of his only son.
But faithful to the end, he died " in a transport of joy," Sep-
tember 19, 1 69 1, at the ripe age of ninety-three, and was
buried in Bunhill Fields.^
His whole life gives the lie to the charge which Winthrop
had heard, and incautiously recorded, of gross immorality in
Dover. That Knollys commenced a suit for slander, should
have some bearing. That Hugh Peter should send a letter
from Dover, by Knollys, when the latter was on his way to Bos-
ton, earnestly recommending him, is a clear refutation. Nor
could a wicked man, in his latter days, say, " My wilderness,
sea, city, and prison mercies, afford me many and strong con-
solations. The spiritual sights of the glory of God, the divine
sweetness of the spiritual and providential presence of my
Lord Jesus Christ, and the comforts and joys of the eternal
Spirit, communicated to my soul, . . . have so often and so
powerfully revived, refreshed, and strengthened my heart in
the days of my pilgrimage, trials, and sufferings, that the sense,
yea, the life and sweetness thereof, abides still upon my heart."
The church, of which Knollvs died the pastor, was at Broken
wharf, Thames street, London, which Jones' Bunhill Memorials
says was founded in 1644. The ministers succeeding Knollys
were Robert Steed, John Skepp (till 1721), William Morton,
John Brine (died 1765), John Reynolds (1776 to 1792) ; in 171 5
the church was called "of Curriers' Hall, Cripplegate"; it re-
moved in 1799, to Redcross Street, but became reduced, and in
1808, it was reinforced by the church of Chapel Street, Mile
End, which joined it, bringing their minister, Jonathan Franklin,
who labored long and faithfully until his death, in 1838 ; and he
was laid with Knollys, Skepp, Brine, and Reynolds, in Bunhill
Fields. What the present condition of that church is, we do
1 A Baptist society, known as the Hanserd Knollys Society, was organized
in England in 1845, for republishing early Baptist works. The writer in the
Annals says : " which, since 1S45, has been nobly engaged in publishing, by sub-
scription," etc. The " has been," written in 1859, is inaccurate. A Baptist writer
ought to have known that the society had issued its last publication in 1851, and
that "this society is dissolved." A list of its nine publications, all 8vo, can be
found in Lownde's Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature, VI : 139.
Knollys' own publications were twelve in number. One was a Latin, Greek,
and Hebrew Grammar ; but the most interesting is his Autobiography.
i8yi.] Hajisa'd Knollys, in Spragiies ''Annahr 53
not know. But the photograph of the portrait of Hanserd
Knollys may be seen in the Congregational Library, 40 Winter
Street, Boston, where we placed it some years ago.
Thomas Larkham also stood well in England, Returning
in 1 64 1, ("to avoid the shame of a scandalous sin it was found
he had committed," says Belknap, but which we doubt,^) he
was settled in the ministry at Tavistock, Devonshire, wheie he
bore an excellent character, Calamy (Account, ed. 171 3, 11.
246) calls him "a Man of great Piety and Sincerity." He
was ejected under the Act of Conformity, 1662, lived hence-
forth in great trouble from persecutions by the Established
Church, and died in 1669, in the house of a son-in-law, where
he was concealed. His son, Rev. George Larkham, a graduate
of Trinity College, Cambridge, was ejected from Cockermouth,
Cumberland county ; " was forced to fly into Yorkshire, with
his numerous family ; " suffered imprisonment, but returned
to Cockermouth, where he died December 26, 1700, aged 71,
after a ministry of forty-eight years in that place. " He was a
Man of brisk Parts, and a bold Temper," says Calamy, " till
the latter part of his Life, when he grew more Pensive." Rev.
Thomas Larkham published three works : A Discourse of
the Attributes of God, in Sundry Sermons ; The Wedding
Supper ; and A Discourse of paying of Tythes. Of the first
named we have a copy ; it is a small quarto, London, 1656, of
520 pages. The preface is in Latin, and the work bristles
with Greek and Hebrew. Whatever sins Larkham was guilty
of in New Hampshire (and all accounts of opponents must be
taken with allowance), in England he proved himself a godly
man.
A. H. Quint.
1 It is true that Winthrop, li : no, is quite specific in allegations ; but the sole
testimony he alleges was after Larkham had left Dover. We are inclined to doubt.
54 The Church of the Pilgrims. [J^-n.
THE CHURCH OF THE PILGRIMS,
IN BROOKLYN, N. Y.
The completion of important changes in its house of wor-
ship renders a notice of this church one of timely interest.
And since it has never had special attention in the Quarterly,
it is fitting that the statement of those changes and their re-
sults, should follow a sketch of its history and work. The
third, in membership, among the churches of our order, in the
United States, its position in a city which has, perhaps, more
existing church organizations, according to population, than
any American city — is one of recognized and deserved pre-
eminence. The eldest of nearly twenty Congregational churches
in Brooklyn, it is cheerfully owned as the mother of a great
line of children here, while its disposition and ability to bless
have been abundantly experienced in our own and foreign
lands.
Its life and growth have been coincident with the marvellous
growth of the city. In 1 844, Brooklyn covered an area of twelve
square miles, had a population of 59,000, and perhaps forty
churches. None of these churches stood for the old ecclesi-
astical order of the New England fathers. The time, however,
was ripe for planting one that should ; and impulse was clearly
given to movement in this direction by providential circum-
stances. Hon. RuFUS Choate, on the 22d Dec, 1843, de-
livered his oration — " The Age of the Pilgrims our Heroic
Period" — before the New England Society of New York.
Speaking of the residence of English exiles, in the reign of
Mary, from 1553 to 1558, at Geneva, and of the politics which
pilgrims learned there, he declared in an effective passage,
amid enthusiastic plaudits, — ''There was a State without king
or nobles ; there tvas a church zuithout a Bishop ; there was a
'beople governed by grave magistrates which it had selected, and
equal laws which it had framed!' ^ The celebrated Onder-
1 Choate's Works, vol. i, p. 379. Boston : Little, Brown & Co., 1862. These
words of the orator gave rise to the stirring song by Rev. C. H. Hall, in honor of
the Pilgrims, whose stanzas end with the couplet, —
" And to a howling wilderness, this glorious boon they bring,
A CHURCH WITHOUT A BiSHOP — A STATE WITHOUT A KiNG."
<_:HUP.CH of the PILGRIMS, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
View un Menr) r^trt-et.
1 8/ 1.] The Church of the Pilgrims. 55
donk trial having been concluded a short time previous to this,
all listeners were quick to catch and note the words.
Rev. Dr. Wainwright, afterwards Bishop of the Diocese of
New York, who was present at the dinner of the Society, in the
evening, referring to this sentence, maintained in entire good
nature, that such a church was, at the least, unscriptural. His
remarks led to the speedy appearance, in the New York Com-
mercial Advertiser, of a communication from Rev. Dr. George
Potts, pastor of the University Place Presbyterian Church in
New York, denying Dr. W.'s thesis, and challenging him to
newspaper discussion of this and kindred points in issue be-
tween Episcopal and non-Episcopal denominations. The chal-
lenge was readily accepted, and the discussion prosecuted for some
months ensuing. Christian brethren, moved to lay the founda-
tions of a church in Brooklyn, were taking heed of these things,
and ultimately saw, as they thought, that the tenable ground
for church polity was that Congregationalism under which most
of them had been born in the Eastern States. And early in
the year 1844, David Hale, W. C. Oilman, S. B. Hunt, and
R. P. Buck, met one evening, over the office of the New York
Journal of Commerce, on the corner of Wall and Water Streets,
in that city, to counsel and deliberate upon the incipient meas-
ures to that end. Here among the tea chests, — which, with
their contents, had been disposed of at an auction sale on the
premises, that very day, — after prayer by David Hale, the
resolution was reached to endeavor to establish the Church of
the Pilgrims, in Brooklyn. The first meeting of persons pro-
posing to unite in the organization, was called for the first day
of December, 1844, at the house of Richard P. Buck, corner
Clinton and State Streets, in Brooklyn. Here a committee of
five was appointed to prepare Articles of Faith and Covenant,^
and to make suitable arrangements for formal organization.
Meeting again December nth, it was unanimously " resolved,
that in view of the solemn responsibilities connected with the
formation of a church of Christ, Friday, the 20th instant, be
observed by us as a day of fasting and prayer, concluding with
religious services in the evening."
^ The result of the labors of this committee was, for substance, the present
Articles and Covenants of the church, based mainly upon those of Park Street
Church, in Boston.
56 The CJmrch of the Pilgiims. FJ^-i^-
This having been observed, a council convened, to consti-
tute the church, at the house of Hiram Barney, No. 70
Pierrepont Street, Saturday, December 21st. There were
present, Rev. H. Bushnell, d. d., pastor of tlie North Con-
gregational Church in Hartford, Conn., Bro. Sam. C. Hill,
delegate from the Tabernacle (Cong.) Church in New York,
Rev. Benj. Lockwood, pastor of the Congregational Church
in Jersey City, N. J., with Bro. Thomas Weldon as delegate,
Rev. JowN Marsh, Rev. Milton Badger, d. d., Rev. J. Brace,
and Rev. A. Camp, of New York, and also Rev. Samuel
Backus, of Brooklyn. Of this council, Rev. Dr. Badger was
moderator, and Rev. Mr. Brace, scribe. Having voted all pre-
vious proceedings regular, the council voted to proceed to the
constitution of the church on the following evening, Dec. 22d,
at the Lecture Room of the Lyceum (now Brooklyn Institute),
corner Concord and Washington Streets. At that time, sixty-
one persons (thirty male and thirty-one female) were duly
recognized as a church, and entered into covenant with God
and with each other.^ Ten others (five male and five female)
were received during the same week, and it was voted that
their union with the church should be understood to date from
its original organization. Of these seventy-one persons, eigh-
teen are at present in the church, eleven are starred in the
manual as dead, and forty-two have been dismissed to other
churches. In the services of recognition, the sermon was
preached by Rev. Mr. Brace, the moderator performed the
formal office of constitution, and the fellowship of the churches
was expressed by Rev. Dr. Bushnell, The ecclesiastical
society was organized Dec. 24th, 1844.
" We worshipped," writes one of the oldest members of the
church, "from the date of organization, until March, 1845, in
what is now the Brooklyn Institute. Then we began to wor-
ship in our lecture room (of the present church building),
and continued to do so, hiring a supply of various ministers,
' From the ist N. S. Pres. ch., Henry street, Brooklyn (Rev, S. H. Cox), 34 ;
from the South Pres. ch., Brooklyn (Rev. S. T. Spear), 8; from ist Cong, ch.,
Hartford, Ct, 4 ; from Madison st. Pres. ch., New York, 3 ; from 2d Pres. ch.,
Brooklyn (Rev. I. S. Spencer), 3 ; from ist O. S. Pres. ch., Brooklyn (Rev. M. W.
Jacobus), I ; from Bleecker st. Pres ch., New York, 3 ; from Pres. ch., Huntington,
L,I., 2; from Mt. Vernon Cong, ch., Boston, 2 ; from Bowdoin st. ch., Boston, i.
CHURCH OF THK PILGRIMS, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
View on Remsen Street.
18/1 ]
The Church of the Pilgrims.
57
sometimes "for several weeks, and sometimes from Sabbath to
Sabbath." Among these clergymen was Rev. George Shep-
HARD, D. D., then Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Homiletics
at Bangor (Me.) Theological Seminary, who supplied the pulpit
for nearly two months, and in the year 1845, received an
unanimous and pressing call to take charge of the new enter-
prise. Such efforts were at once made, however, by the friends
of the Seminary, to endow his professorship, as induced him
to remain in it, and decline the invitation. Similar declension
having subsequently been received from Rev. William Adams,
D. D., of New York, a call to the pastorate was extended in the
summer of 1846, to Rev. Richard S. Storrs jr., then of
Brookline, Mass., which call was accepted, upon its renewal
in the fall, and its recipient installed November 19th, 1846.
From that time his connection with his people has been un-
broken, and the seal of divine favor upon the relations then
established, has been signal. Additions to the church from its
beginning, by profession of faith and by letter, have been as
follows : —
In 1845, 34.
" 1846,37.
" 1847, 69.
" 1848. 35-
" 1849, 66.
" 1850, 60.
In 1869, 57 ; in 1 870, 60.
Summary. — Members received on profession of faitli from tlie beginning, 461 ;
do. by letter, 875; dismissed to other churches, 552; died, no; watch and dis-
cipline withdrawn, 3 ; excommunicated, i. Members, Dec. i, 1870, — male, 258 ;
female, 412; total, 670.
At the present writing (December, 1870), the city of Brooklyn
has a population of four hundred thousand ; covers an area of
nearly thirty square miles, and the Church of the Pilgrims is
one of two hundred and thirty-two named in the Directory for
1870.
Passing from these figures, if inquiry be made after its life
and power, the answer is fruitful of matter for thanksgiving.
The only pastor of this people has been permitted to do a
great work with and for them. Widely known and regarded as
he is, it may be in place to set down here, his matured judg-
ment of the church, to be found in a sermon preached Nov. 1 8,
n 1851, 49.
In 1857, 61.
In 1863, 29.
" 1S52, 62.
" 1858, 100.
" 1S64, 34.
" i853> 63.
" 1859. 24.
" 1865, 52.
" 1854, 32.
" i860, 30.
" 1866, lOI.
" 1855, 48.
" 1S61, 36.
" 1867, 42.
" 1856, 38.
" 1862, 24.
" 1868, 21.
58 The Church of the Pilgrims, [Ja-i^-
1866, after twenty years of his ministry. An extract is as
follows : —
" I do not certainly intend to affirm, — you would not believe
me if I did, and would not credit me with sincerity in saying
it, — that this has been a perfect church. As we measure it
against the ideal of the New Testament, which will in future
times be realized, it has been far enough from that ; and none
can feel its deficiencies more keenly than those who have long
been associated with it, and accustomed to pray for its perfec-
tion. But without the smallest disposition to exaggerate, or,
certainly, to flatter, — which you will bear witness that I have
not been wont to do hitherto, and which I do not intend at this
late day to begin, — I may say, as a reason for grateful
acknowledgment to God for his goodness, that nowhere in the
land, in all the wide circle of churches of different names to
which I have occasionally ministered, have I found another
more full than this of intellectual and spiritual force ; more
attentiveto the truth, or more responsive to its appeals ; more
ready to give, and personally to labor, for the advancement of
the kingdom of Christ ; more eager and tender in its solicitous
sympathies toward those who are inquiring for the way and the
hope of the life everlasting ; more glad and grateful, when God
has been pleased to bless it in his grace (as from time to time
he has done) with signal and powerful effusions of his Spirit ;
more ready to seize on every opportunity to make an influence
for goodness and for God widely felt in the land and the world."
To bring on this condition of things. Rev. Dr. Storrs has,
from the first, made faithful and happy exertion. He has reso-
lutely and freely given himself to the work of Christ, as a min-
ister, and has left none who know him well, in any doubt that
he counts it the charm and joy of his life, to labor in the gospel,
with those over whom the Lord has placed him. Summoned
repeatedly to other fields of labor, every such solicitation has
been refused. He enjoys the love and confidence of his own
church, to a degree rarely equalled in pastoral experience, and
has acquired a regard, and wields an influence in Brooklyn, not
inferior to that of any other citizen. This was manifest in
1869, when, upon his urgent call to the Central Congregational
Church in Boston, he received from all quarters of the city
such tender and hearty remonstrance against his departure, as
must have had weight in determining him to remain. His
doctorate was conferred in 1853, by Union College, and after-
wards by Harvard University.
1 8/ 1.] The Chirch of the Pilgrims. 59
This is not an article in which indulgence should be given to
an inclination towards determining, by analysis, the sources of
this ministerial and social power. Something may be inferred
concerning them, however, from the results wrought by God's
favor in and through the church. This assembly of believers
in Christ, then, is intelligently, and decidedly, in matter of
faith, what its founders prayed and labored that it should be,
an exponent of New England Puritanism. Few are better.
The great doctrines of God's unity, — of God revealed in the
Scriptures as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, these three One
God, and in all divine attributes equal, — his creative power
and wisdom, his vital and perfect administration of a moral
government, — the original holiness of man, from which he
fell by sin against God, and that by this fall all men are natur-
ally wholly inclined to sin, destitute of holiness and alien from
God, — are exhibited in its Confession, and insisted on in the
preaching from its pulpit. So, too, the truth that as a mere
act of mercy, God gave his Son to die for the sins of the
world ; that Christ made an atonement by his death suffi-
cient to redeem all men ; that pardon and life are open to all
men upon conditions of repentance and faith, with the other
truth, that all men refuse these conditions except through a
change of heart by the agency of the Holy Spirit, — and
other fundamentals understood and trusted by the fathers, —
these have all and always been taught and urged here, as of
the utmost import to those who have heard them, and to the
human race. Clear in symmetric conception of religious truth,
alive to the importance of its application, ready to follow it to
any logical issue, subordinating his varied and growing culture
to the end of impressing truth upon his people in private and
social as well as in the public means of grace, the pastor of
this church has witnessed about him, for years, the best fruit of
the ministry, — that development of Christly character to which
he refers in the sermon previously quoted. The uniformity,
moreover, with which he centres his preaching on the person-
ality and life of the Lord Jesus, makes the gospel, as he pro-
claims it, a thing of unusual force and beauty.
And this Christian gospel of the Puritans has proved itself
anew by this church, a beneficent gospel. Parent of our
6o
The Church of the Pilgrims,
[Jan.
churches in Brooklyn, there are very few of our churches in this
vicinity which have not looked at some time, nor vainly looked,
to its pastor and his flock for help or direction. So struggling
and anxious churches over the land, colleges and seminaries of
learning and theology, public asylums and libraries, societies oi
literature and art, as well as an imperiled country and the
cause of Christian missions, have long found here those who
have held it a privilege steadily and habitually to make willing
offering to every such good object. Reckoning from the com-
mencement, as far as can be ascertained, such donations by the
church and congregation, outside ordinary church contributions,
are estimated by those most conversant with facts, as probably
reaching the sum of $280,000. Regular church contributions,
from the beginning, have been as follows : —
In 184s,
" 1846,
" 1847,
" 1848,
" 1849,
" 1850,
$334-56
398.16
2,729.93
3.128.77
3,896.30
4,306.23
In 1851,
" 1852,
" 1853,
" 1854,
" 1855.
" 1856,
$7,853-67
7,899.05
10,038.33
7,417.01
6,110.07
6,260.00
In 1857, $6,169.09
" 1858, 7,712.12
" 1859, 6, [95.58
" i860, 8,014.37
" 1 86 1, 4,806.99
" 1862, 12,920.86
In 1863, $12,352.36
" 1S64, 12,311.64
" 1S65, 14.779-81
" 1S66, 15,151.19
" 1867, 21,206.10
" 1868, 16,535.04
In 1869, $14,839.87; in 1870, $15,290.79 ; Total, $228,657.89.
Special objects of interest and gift have been Foreign and
Home Missions, and the work of the Brooklyn City Mission and
Tract Society, of which Rev. Dr. Storrs has been the presi-
dent, since the decease of the lamented Rev. Dr. Cutler,
rector of St. Ann's Episcopal church, in 1 864. The annual col-
lection for this object is taken in November, and for a few years
past has averaged about $6,000. The present schedule of yearly
offerings embraces the American Home Missionary Society,
the Brooklyn City Bible Society, the American Congregational
Union, the Congregational Publishing Society, the cause of
Christian Education, the American Seamen's Friend Society,
American and Foreign Christian Union, Brooklyn Children's
Aid Society, American Tract Society, American Board ol
Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Brooklyn City Mission
and Tract Society, and the American Sunday School Union,
Attendants at the Church of the Pilgrims learn to give to
good causes. They are trained to do so from the constraint
of principle, — therefore constantly, wisely, and in great meas-
ure according to ability.
1 8/ 1.] The Church of the Pilgrims. 6i
Allusion has been made to the work of propagation which
it has been given to this church to accomplish. In the city, it
has virtually colonized, time and again, giving birth and aid to
churches of like belief and kindred zeal. Plymouth Church,
the South and Clinton Avenue Churches are illustrations, each
having had some of their best members from hence. Warren
Street Mission, now an independent church, was its own child.
The sustenance by its members, for years, of the Navy Mission
Sabbath School, in a sunken and vicious part of the city, near
the United States Navy Yard, resulted, in 1867, in the organ-
ization of a church which was abundantly blessed of God.
Much of the vital force of the flourishing Sabbath school con-
nected with the German Evangelical church in Schermerhorn
Street, is due to the happy labors, week by week, of devoted
Christians from the Church of the Pilgrims. Probably from
eight hundred to one thousand youth and adults are regularly
taught by men and women from its membership, in the Home
and other Sunday school and Bible classes.
The nurture of the young has always been a thing of prayer
and effort here. Pains are taken, to a good degree, to empha-
size the need and beauty of religion in the household. Re-
corded baptisms of children number from the beginning of
Rev. Dr. Storrs' pastorate, 447; and, since 1862, a finely-
bound imported English Bible has been presented to each child
so baptized, when it reaches the age of seven years. It is the
gift of the church, through the pastor, with date of birth and
baptism inserted, and bears the inscription in gilt, — From the
Church of the Pilgrims to a Child of the Covenant.
By the constitution of the church Sunday school, church and
pastor stand in closer relations to the school, than in many,
perhaps most, of the Congregational churches in the land.
Article I provides that the Sunday school shall be under
the charge and oversight of the church, and the constant su-
pervision of the pastor, who is requested to visit the teachers
at their meetings, and the school at its sessions, at least once
in every month, and oftener if practicable, and to take such
personal part in the instruction as may seem to him desirable.
By-Law No. 2, of the school, is as follows : —
In the election of officers of the school, only those teachers
shall be eligible to office, or shall be entitled to vote, who are
62 The Church of the Pilgrims. [J^i^-
members of the Church of the Pilgrims, and who have been
connected with the school three months previous to the elec-
tion,
Thte last article of the Sunday-school constitution provides
that the constitution and the by-laws of the school shall not be
changed, except by a vote of the church, at its annual meeting.
Previous articles make the pastor, superintendent, and vice-
superintendent, standing committees on classification and disci-
pline, on the library and on finance.
The interest of Christians in our churches in the question of
the best order for public worship on the Lord's day, has been
and is of late years a greatly quickened interest. It may there-
fore be profitable to notice here the order observ^ed by this
church, all the more because it is not unfrequently, in divers
ways and from divers places, the subject of inquiry and com-
ment. It was thoroughly canvassed by pastor and people in
1865, at the time of its introduction, and adopted by a decided
vote of the church. Lapse of time and experience have con-
firmed the judgment of those who thought that it would pro-
mote God's service. Its value has practically ceased to be
matter of question here, and it is the source of comfort and joy
in the house of the Lord. The morning service is given, in
brief. That for the evening is the same, somewhat shortened.
I. After prelude on the organ, the first measures of Old
Hundred are played, and the congregation rise and sing the
Doxology, " Praise God from whom all blessings flow!' 2.
Prayer of invocation. 3. Opening hymn by choir and people
(book in use — " Songs of the Sanctuary" — Psalter Edition).
4. Reading of Scriptures by the minister. 5. Prayer of gen-
eral supplication, ending with the repetition by minister and
people of the Lord's prayer. 6. Lesson from the Psalter,^
read responsively by minister and people, and at its close the
Gloria Patri sung by choir and congregation. 7. Notices.
8. Hymn announced by minister and sung by choir. 9. Ser-
' Psalter constructed of Psalms i, ii, iii, iv, v, viii, ix, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, 1-35 ;
xix, XX, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, xxix, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxvi, xxxvii, i-ii, 22-40 ; xli, xlii, xliii,
xlv, xlvi, xlvii, xlviii, li, cxxx, Iv, Ixi, Ixii, Ixiii, Ixiv, Ixv, Ixvi, Ixvii, Ixviii, Ixxii, Ixxvi,
XXX, Ixxxi, Ixxxiv, Ixxxv, Ixxxvi, Ixxxvii, Ixxxix, 1-34 ; xc, xci, xcv, xcvi, xcvii,
xcviii, xciii, xcix, c, pii, ciii, civ, cv, cvii, cxi, cxii, cxiii, cxiv, cxv, cxviii, cxix, 97-128,
129-160 ; cxxi, cxxii, cxxiii, cxxv, cxxxiii, cxxxiv, cxxxv, cxxxviii, cxxxix, cxliv, cxlv,
cxlvi, cxlvii, cxlviii, cxlix, cl, Isaiah xi, 1-9; xlii, I-12 ; Ixi, 1-7; Iv, 1-13; xl,
1-13J 22-31; Ix, 1-20, — in forty-eight lessons.
1 8/ 1.] The Clmrch of the Pilgrims, 63
mon. 10. Closing hymn by choir and people. 11. Closing
prayer and benediction, in one. •
Leaving, at this point, the history and work of the church, it
remains that we speak of its edifice, engravings of which
accompany this article. As this church has had but one pas-
tor, so has it had but one^church-home, strengthened, enlarged,
and beautified from time to time. Steps were taken for its
erection before the organization of the church itself, a com-
mittee having been appointed early in 1844, to secure funds
for a site and building. The sum of ^25,000 having been sub-
scribed, those who had given that at once doubled their con-
tributions, as the best means to compass their undertaking.
1^10,030 was paid for five and one-half lots of land, corner of
Henry and Remsen Streets, and with the balance, the work of
church erection was entered upon, the corner stone being laid
July 2, 1844.^ It was dedicated May 12, 1846, Rev. Geo. B.
Cheever, d. d., of New York, preaching the sermon. The
architect was Richard Upjohn, of New York. The Building
■ A sealed box was deposited in the corner-stone, containing the Holy Bible ;
27th Ann. Report of Am. Bible Soc. ; 34th Ann. Report of A. B. C. F. M.; iSth
Ann. Report of Am. Home Miss. Soc; i8th Ann. Report of Am. Tract Soc; 20th
Ann. Report of Am. S. S. Union; 28th Ann. Report of N. Y. S. S. Un.; 5th
Ann. Report of Foreign Evang. Soc; Ann. Report of Am. Seaman's Friend's
Soc; Report of Exec. Com. of Am. Temp. Soc; Maps and Illustrations of the
Missions of A. B. C. F. M., 1843 ; Covenant of the First Church at Plymouth,
Mass., in 1620, as established by the Pilgrims ; Missionary Herald for May, 1844 ;
Sermon before A. B. C. F. M. in 1843, by Rev. T. H. Skinner, D. D.; A Disserta-
tion on the Rule of Faith, by Rev. Gardiner Spring, D. D.; The Cambridge Plat-
form of Church Discipline ; View of Congregationalism, by Rev. Geo. Punchard ;
" The Dead are the Living," a Sermon by Rev. S. H. Cox, D. D.; the Am. Al-
manac for 1844 ; Manual for the Officers and Communicants of the First Presby-
terian Church in Brooklyn, now under the charge of Rev. S. H. Cox, D. D.; Man-
ual of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, New York ; Historical Sketch of the
city of Brooklyn and Vicinity ; N. Y. Evangelist, Observer, Journal 0/ Commerce,
Express, Commercial Advertiser, American, Evening Post, Courier and Enquirer,
Shipping and Commercial List, and other New York newspapers ; Brooklyn Daily
Advertiser, Eagle, and Star ; Map of Brooklyn, and Map of New York, colored ;
Map of the North River ; List of the Building Committee ; List of the Subscri-
bers to this enterprise, with their places of birth ; a piece of old Plymouth Rock;
D'Aubigne's History of Reformation in Germany and Switzerland, 3 vols.; Cole-
man's Primitive Church; Congregational Catechism, New Haven; Manuals of
Park street, and Essex street, and Bowdoin street churches in Boston ; the
Hierarchichal Despotism, by Rev. G. B. Cheever, d. d.; Watts' Psalms and
Hymns, and a Collection of church music ; Brooklyn Directory, 1S43-44 ; New
York Directory, 1843-44.
64 TJie Church of the Pilgrims. [Jan.
Committee were R. P. Buck, Chairman ; J. Humphrey, H.
Barney, J. L. Hale, C. P. Baldwin, S. B. Hunt, D. Per-
kins, S. B. Chittenden, E. T. H. Gibson, T. L. Mason, J.
Battelle, J. P. Tappan, J. Slade jr. and C. G. Carleton.
The walls were of gray sienite, from a quarry on the East
River, and the stone used in the late additions has been
brought from the same place. In these, however, the trim-
mings are of Ohio freestone. Many persons who read these
pages, have observed a fragment of the old Pilgrim Rock from
Plymouth, Mass., set into the tower in the S. W. front corner.
It is still there, a token of the regard entertained for the
memory and work of the passengers by the Mayflower.
The cost of the building, estimated in 1845, ^^"^ been set
at $40,000. But, as always, in church erection, estimate was
below actuality, and upon completion, in 1846, it was found to
reach $53,000; so that the enterprise was encumbered with a
debt of $13,000. In 1848, this debt, then increased to $18,-
000, was discharged after brief effort, from January to April.
As first planned, the roof stretched in a single span from
wall to wall. It was soon found that the roof timbers were
of inadequate size and strength, and a truss-bridge was
carried longitudinally from end to end. Side galleries, not at
first designed, were also put in. In 1854, this bridge seeming
insufficient to sustain the roof, it was taken down, and eight
columns (four on either side of the church), based on founda-
tions of stonework, were carried up to the roof, inside the
audience-room. These columns, now numbering ten, form a
solid support for all weight they will ever be called on to bear.
The expense of this alteration was $ 1 8,000. And for a dozen
years or more, no further change in the church was needful.
In the flight of time, and under Divine blessing upon church
work, it became evident, near the close of that period, however,
that the best interests of the church demanded an enlarge-
ment of accommodations. This was especially requisite for a
convenient and commodious lecture-room, and for the further-
ance of the Lord's interests in the Sabbath school and Bible
classes, and in meetings for prayer and social intercourse. To
these ends, plans for alteration and addition to the building
were prepared by Mr. Leopold Eidlitz, of New York, as
CHURCH OK THE PILGRIMS, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
\'icw of Interior.
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CHURCH OF THE PILGRIMS, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Floor and Oallery Plans.
iS/i-] The Church of the Pilgrims. 65
architect, and adopted by the pew-owners in March, 1868.
These plans involved the lengthening of the main auditorium,
with the erection of a new two-story building upon the rear of
the old church, on Remsen Street. They are now carried out,
and in reality much more than was at first contemplated has
been done, at an expenditure of ^135,000 for land and improve-
ments. The building committee have been Messrs. D. John-
son, Chairman, J. P. Robinson, G. L. Nichols, A. Baxter, J.
M. Van Cott, S. Green, W. T. Hatch, F. R. Fowler, A.
Woodruff, M. Hulbert, C. Storrs, S. B. Chittenden, J. C.
Brevoort, and G. W. Parsons ; the committee in charge 01
the work, — Messrs. Nichols, Chairman, Robinson, Green,
Johnson, Hatch, and Hulbert.
Forty feet of ground on Remsen Street, in rear of the church,
extending one hundred and five feet in depth, was purchased,
and the whole edifice has now a total depth of one hundred and
seventy-five feet on Remsen Street, from the tower on Henry
Street. The extended southern front, thus secured, is, archi-
tecturally, one of the most imposing in Brooklyn or New York.
The tower over the side entrance on Remsen Street is a con-
necting link between the church proper and the newly added
building. It may be the precursor of a new spire to be erected
on the Henry Street tower.
The audience room in the church now has an inner width of
sixty-five feet, with eight feet added at the transept on the
southern side. It is no feet in length, including gallery in
front ; its height from floor to nave is 46 feet 3 inches ; from
floor to ceiling over the side galleries, 35 feet. In all other
rooms in the building, the height of ceiling from floor is 19
feet, except in the Sunday-school room, where it is 44- feet 6
inches. The lengthening of the main audience room has greatly
improved its proportions ; and the inherent beauty of its arches,
together with other features yet to be spoken of, make it one
of the most attractive and elegant places of worship in this or
in any country. The pews have been rebuilt in oak (this wood
is used throughout the building in trimmings), and number on
the ground floor, 192 ; in the side galleries, 54 ; in the front
gallery, 16 ; total, 262, with a seating capacity of 1,240. They
are doorless, upholstered and carpeted in crimson, arranged on
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. HI. NO. I. 5
66
TJie Omrch of the Pilgt ims.
[Jan.
the ground floor in two double rows, with an extra tier of wall
pews on either side, and four rows in front, two on either side
the pulpit. The windows, four on either side, are as they have
been from the first, of ground glass, with stained borders, hav-
ing Scripture sentences inwrought. A peculiar sociability be-
tween the occupants of the galleries, and the congregation on
the ground floor, is secured by placing the side gallery stairs
in the auditorium itself, the first step being just within the en-
trance door of each side aisle. The choir and organ gallery
have been removed to the eastern end of the church, and are
above and behind the pulpit, which is lifted six risers from the
floor. This gallery is in fact the second story of the hall-way
between the main audience room and the lecture room in the
new building. It is thrown into the church proper, over and
in rear of the pulpit screen, only separated from it by a series
of stone columns and arches, which are surmounted by a stone
screen reaching to the main ceiling. At the right (facing the
audience room) of this gallery, is a new and powerful organ
from the celebrated factory of Messrs E. & G. G. Hook, of
Boston, described as follows : —
There are three Manuals of 5S notes, compass from C^ to a^ and a Pedale of
27 notes ; compass from C. to D^.
GREAT MANUALS.
I.
16 ft. Open Diapason,
58 Pipes.
8.
2! ft. Twelfth,
58 Pipes.
2.
8 ft. Open Diapason,
58 "
'9-
2 ft. Fifteenth,
58 "
3-
8 ft. Viola di Gamba,
58 "
10.
3 rank Mixture,
174 "
4-
8 ft. Viol d'Amour,
58 "
II.
3 rank Acuta,
174 "
5-
8 ft. Doppel Flote,
58 "
12.
8 ft. Trumpet,
58 "
6.
4 ft. Flute Harmonique, 58 "
13-
16 ft. Trumpet,
58 "
7.
4 ft. Octave,
58 " 1
SWELL M
tANUALE.
14.
16 ft. Bourdon,
58 Pipes.
20.
4 ft. Violina,
58 Pipes.
15-
8 ft. Open Diapason,
58 "
21.
2 ft. Flautina,
58 "
16.
8 ft. Stopped Diapason, 58 "
22.
3 rank Mixture,
174 «
17-
8 ft. Keraulophon,
58 «
23-
8 ft. Cornopeau,
58 "
18.
4 ft. P'lauto Traverso,
58 "
24.
8 ft. Oboe and Bassoon, 58 "
19.
4 ft. Octave,
58 "
25.
8 ft. " Vox Humana,"
58 "
SOLO M
ANUALE.
26.
8 ft. Geigen Principal,
58 Pipes,
SC-
4 ft. Flute d'Amour,
58 Pipes,
27.
8 tt. Dulciana,
58 "
SI-
2 ft. Picolo,
58 "
8.
8 ft. Melodia,
58 *'
32.
8_ft. Clarionet,
58 "
29.
ft. Fa gara,
58 "
i87i.]
The Church of the Pilgrims
67
PEDALE.
33. 16 ft. Open Diapason,
34. 16 ft. Bourdon,
35. lo| ft. Quint,
27 Pipes.
27 " .
27 "
36. 8 ft. Violoncello,
37. 16 ft. Trombone (reed),
27 Pipes.
27 "
MECHANICAL REGISTERS.
38. Great to Pneumatic Coupler.
39. Swell to Pneumatic Coupler(Swell
to Great).
40. Solo to Pneumatic Coupler (Solo
to Great).
The above couplers are operated by
pneumatic power, and are controlled by
small thumb-knobs placed above the
"Great" Keyboard, so as to be accessi-
ble without removing the hands
from
the
keys.
41.
Great to Pedale — Coupler.
42.
Swell to Pedale — Coupler.
43-
Solo to Pedale — Coupler.
44.
Swell to Solo — Coupler.
45-
Swell Tremulant.
46.
Bellows Signal.
PEDAL MOVEMENTS.
Piano Combination Pedal, to affect the Great Manuale Stops.
Forte Combination Pedal, to affect the Great Manuale Stops.
Piano Combination Pedal, to affect the Swell Manuale Stops.
Forte Combination Pedal, to affect the Swell Manuale Stops.
Pedal to operate on Solo Manuale stops.
Pedal to operate " Great to Pedale " Coupler.
" Adjustable " Swell Pedal.
Great Manuale,
Swell Manuale,
Solo Manuale,
Pedale,
Total speaking Stops,
Mechanical Registers,
SUMMARY,
Stops.
12
7
5
37
9
46
986 Pipes.
812 "
406 "
135 "
2,339 Pipes.
Pedal Movements, 7
The organ bellows is filled with air by the action of two
powerful hydraulic engines placed in the cellar of the church
by Mr. I. N. Forrester, of Bridgeport, Conn. They are set
in operation by drawing a stop at the key-'board.
The ventilating and acoustic properties of the room are
found to be all that can be desired, and in closing what is said
of it, its decoration alone claims attention. In this, polychromy
has been fully employed, under direction of a committee, con-
sisting of the pastor of the church, with Messrs. J. C. Bre-
vooRT and G. L. Nichols. The result is so rich and as yet so
novel, especially among our Congregational churches, that we
speak of it at some length, borrowing from an article in the
N. Y. Evening Post of June 15 th, 1870. " A few years ago," the
68 The CJmrch of the Pilgnnis. [Jan.
writer says, " decoration in color was practically unknown in
this country. White, glaring white paint, was the sole coloring
of the interior of churches, court-rooms, theatres, and banks, as
well as of private dwellings. The best efforts of modern decora-
tion in color, moreover, in Europe, do not date back further than
1835; that art, as well as glass-staining, was revived by the
king of Bavaria, under the management of the architects who
built the All Saints' Church and the Basilica, in Munich. In
the United States, decoration, we may say, had to educate a
public taste for itself; or, what is the same, had to overcome a
rooted popular prejudice. Yet, in the last ten years we have
made immense strides in that direction, and it may be safely
asserted that in proportion to population we exceed even Eng-
land and France in the number of well-decorated buildings.
Nor is it at all surprising that our people should love color, in
a country where nature has produced a most brilliant display
of it, illuminated by a tropical sun, and reflected and varied by
an almost constantly clear sky.
" In the Church of the Pilgrims, it must be admitted, the
cheerfulness of expression and dignity of the audience room as
it now is, are largely due to the decoration.
" The walls of the church are of a blue-gray, with a redjieur
de lis. The clerestory is decorated in two colors of red, and
the ceiling is Prussian blue, with gold stars. The woodwork,
in the main, retains its oak color, the deep parts being covered
with vermilion, while the bright lights of the capitals and the
principal mouldings are gilt. A broad gilt band runs all
around the church at the spring of the window arches, while
the windows, rather short in proportion to the architecture, are
carried up by a pointed arched border to the spring of the roof,
thus greatly improving the appearance of the separate bays,
which were originally rather wide for their height.
" The organ shows all its pipes in successive rows, the first
being mainly blue and gold, the second gold upon red, and the
third two contrasting reds ; while the more receding pipes and
other parts of the organ are treated in a subdued bluish gray
and a vermilion ornament. This coloring harmonizes per-
fectly with the substantial character of the architecture, which
is sustained by the stone of the organ screen and the solid oak
1 8/ 1.] Tlie Church of the Pilgrims. 69
of the pews and furniture. The effect of the whole is sugges-
tive of genuineness and durability, while the harmony of the
colors, lights, and forms of the decoration is perfectly satisfac-
tory to the eye. The study of the interior may be commended
to all who desire to make their church edifices attractive to the
taste and impressive to the imagination."
Passing from the auditorium into the new building, one
enters a hall-way in rear of the pulpit and underneath the music
gallery. At its southern end is the main entrance on Remsen
Street ; at the northern, a room for meetings of the Board of
Trustees of the Ecclesiastical Society. Directly behind this
hall-way, which is twelve feet in width, and reached through it,
are the lecture and conference rooms, connecting by sliding
doors of oak. Here six hundred people can find seats. As-
cending from the hall-way to the second floor, are found the
Sunday school. Infant and Bible-class rooms, with ample ac-
commodations for six hundred persons. Here, also, is the pas-
tor's study. Above, and on a third floor, is a room for social
gatherings of the congregation, 43 x 38 feet. The following
persons have been engaged in the several departments of con-
struction, under supervision of the architect: B. Maguire,
Brooklyn, mason ; Tappan Reeve, Brooklyn, carpenter ; L.
H. CoHN, New York, decorator; Mitchell, Vance & Co.,
New York, gas fixtures.
During the progress of these alterations, which were com-
menced in the early spring of 1869, the church worshipped, in
the summer of that year, with the First Presbyterian church
in Henry Street ; in the Athenaeum, Atlantic Street ; and with
the Reformed church on the Heights, in Pierrepont Street.
Nearly all the time while absent from their own church build-
ing, the weekly prayer meetings were held in the lecture room
of the First Presbyterian church, on Remsen Street. Usually,
the Sunday school gathered in the lecture room of the church
of the Saviour (Unitarian), on Pierrepont Street. In Septem-
ber, 1869, when the work of reconstruction promised longer
continuanc3 than had been anticipated, the trustees leased the
Academy of Music for Sabbath services, and they were held
there, until its completion. Very few larger audiences have
statedly gathered in any place, to hear a Christian preacher,
yo The Church of the PilgTims, [Jan.
than were steadily brought thither, month by month, by Rev.
Dr. Storrs, But pastor and congregation have now returned,
as may be imagined, with great joy and praise to their reno-
vated home.
The audience room of the church was re-opened for worship,
Sunday, 12th June, 1870, the pastor preaching, in the morning,
from Ps. xcvi. 9, and Rev. T. D. Woolsey, d. d., president of
Yale College, in the evening. During the month of October
last, the pews which, from the opening in June, had been en-
tirely free to all comers, were apprised at $260,000. This sum
represents the actual cost of the church property as enlarged
and improved, including $125,000 allowed to the original pew-
owners, for which sum scrip had been given, when the pews
were surrendered, — the same to be received as cash in the
purchase of new pews. Of the pews thus apprised, $ 1 70,000
worth were at once sold, on which the tax for church income
for the current year is $13,600. Additional to this, a large
number of pews have been rented, the present annual income
from which exceeds $5,000. About $20,000 was received in
premiums on the pews sold.
And here in that house, whose strength and beauty have now
been freshly consecrated to the Lord, possessed of and using
appliances for church life and comfort that are doubtless unex-
celled, may this people, owing so much to the God who has
bestowed these blessings, be led on by the Head of the church
to a work for his kingdom and glory on earth, of which all they
have hitherto been inspired to perform, shall be the germ.
H. H. McFarland,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
1 8/ 1.] Co7igregational Necrology.
CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.
Rev. Eber Carpenter was born in Vernon, Conn., June 24, 1800.
He was the son of Reuben and Ruth (Dort) Carpenter. He re-
pared for college under the private instruction of the Rev. George
A. Calhoun, d. d., of Coventry, and was graduated at Yale College
in 1825. Taught at Norwalk, Conn. His theological studies were
pursued at Andover, Mass., for two years. He was licensed to
preach in the autumn of 1828, by the Londonderry Presbytery,
N. H., and labored as a missionary in Waterville, Me., where he
was instrumental in gathering a Congregational church; also at
Woonsocket, R. I., where a Congregational church was soon after
organized. He received a call to settle in Thomaston, Me., which
he declined. He was ordained February 17, 1830, over the church
in York, Me., and remained its pastor until Sept. 16, 1835. His
ministry here was one of marked success. Where before there had
been division and discouragement, there was union and confidence,
and sixty-nine members were added to the church.
He was installed over the Congregational church in Southbridge,
Mass., Dec. i, 1835. Here, interesting revivals of religion v/ere
enjoyed in 1839, 1842, and 1852, and there were some additions to
the church nearly every year.
His health failing in Oct. 1853, he obtained from the church and
society leave of absence in order to conduct " The American Na-
tional Preacher," in the city of New York, with the expectation that
a successor would be called, and that his pastoral relation would
then cease. With this view, the church and society extended calls
in succession to Rev. Washington A. Nichols, Rev. Isaac G. Bliss,
Rev. Cyrus T. Mills, and Rev. George E. Allen ; but circumstances
singularly operated to prevent the settlement of each one of them.
In March, 1857, Mr. Carpenter's health being restored, the church
and society requested him to resume his pastoral labors ; and in
accordance with advice of council, in May following, he complied
with that request. In 1858, a pleasing revival of religion was
enjoyed, and twenty-four were added to the church. He remained
pastor until July 2 ist, 1864. During this pastorate he received three
hundred and iifty-nine persons to the church, most of them on pro-
fession of their faith. He found the church reduced in numbers
and distracted with divisions. Here his great good sense, prudence
and discretion, which were always striking traits in his character,
72 Congregational Necrology. [Jan.
found ample scope for exercise. His efforts in healing divisions
were eminently successful. The church became efficient and influ-
ential. He was a friend of education, and made 1,900 visits to the
public schools of the town, and wrote one hundred and twenty-five
recommendations of young persons seeking positions as teachers, or
membership in academies or seminaries. He interested himself
deeply in the various objects of Christian benevolence. He ear-
nestly sought the steady growth of religion and piety in the church.
The last three years of his life were spent in Boston. During most
of this time he preached in vacant churches as occasional supply.
The church in North Falmouth, Mass., extended to him a unanimous
call, which he accepted ; and he had made arrangements to remove to
this new field, during the very week in which he was suddenly called
to another and higher sphere of action. He died Oct. 21, 1867.
He was married to Miss Narcissa Lyman, of Waterville, Me., May
7, 1833, who, without children, lives to mourn his loss.
He was not what would be called " a popular preacher," but his
sermons were truthful and instructive. He was a faithful minister
of the gospel, whose daily life was one of the finest illustrations of
the truths which he taught.
L. C.
Rev. Samuel James Whitton died in Westford, a parish in Ash-
ford, Conn., May 24, 1870, in his 31st year. He was born in West-
ford, September nth, 1839, and was the son of Dea. Chauncy and
Lucinda (Moore) Whiton. Given to the Lord in baptism in his
infancy, he became the child of prayer, and of careful, constant
religious training. His parents believed in the covenant, and were
influenced by that belief in pleading the promises, and early, they
think, he became a Christian. From his youth he was quiet and
retiring, studious and meditative. Although a farmer's son, diligent
and helpful, he gathered books, geological specimens, and the pro-
ductions and curiosities of foreign lands, and became familiar with
the works of nature and of art. Thus, in his early years he laid up
that fund of knowledge from which he drew so freely as a writer and
preacher in after years. He soon commenced to use his pen, and
his productions in prose and ppetry were often furnished for the
press. As a teacher in the common school, he won a good reputa-
tion, and was able to point many of his pupils to Christ.
His mind was turned strongly towards the heathen, probably the
more, as a maternal aunt, the late Miss Hannah Moore, was a mis-
sionary in Africa. As he had not enjoyed the advantages of a col-
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 73
lege or theological seminary, he does not seem at first to have felt
that he could become a minister, but he would be a missumary
teacher. As such, partly at his own expense, he went to the Mendi
Mission in West Africa, in May, 1862. His health, however, became
so impaired that he was obliged to return to his native land. No
sooner, however, was his health restored, than he resumed his chosen
missionary work. Shortly he was prostrated with the African fever,
and his only hope of life seemed to be in a relinquishment of his
field of labor.
Unable to return to Africa, he went South in the autumn of 1865,
spending a year at Fortress Monroe, Va., and a winter in Beaufort,
N. C. He labored in revivals, assisting pastors, giving special atten-
tion to the freedmen, where he found work most like that which he so
loved in Africa. During this period, although still in feeble health,
he wrote the book entitled " Glimpses of West Africa," which was
published by the Boston Tract Society. This was well received by
the public.
He was ordained by the Tolland Association, at Columbia, Conn.,
Sept. 5, 1S66. In the spring of 1867, he went to Iowa, and labored
with the Wittemberg church, Newton, in that State, for two years.
For the last year and a half, revival influences were constant among
his people, about 180 uniting with the church during his ministry
with them. Much against the wishes of his flock, he left them, say-
ing, " I think I can do more for the Master in some newer mission-
ary field." He entered upon such a field in Monroe, Iowa, but hav-
ing had an attack of hemorrhage of the lungs, his labors proved
too exhausting for his strength. In February, 1870, he preached his
last sermon from the text, " Come unto me, all ye that labor and
are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." How appropriate!
Although he used his pen readily, and wrote largely for the public
press, he never wrote more than three or four sermons. His theory
was, " the unwritten sermon for pulpit success."
When he felt his end approaching, he longed for his early home,
friends, and associations. Gathering up his remaining strength, he
reached safely and thankfully the paternal home.
Words of cheer and hope were often upon his lips. When one
said, " Things look dark," he replied, " Dark ! Is it dark because
some one is going to Heaven ?" When the hymn was sung, " Just as
I am," he said, "That is a good hymn ; a precious hymn. I just
trust in Christ ; I am all unworthy, but Christ is worthy; this would
be a poor place to prepare to die, but it is a good place to trust." His
end was peace. At his funeral in the sanctuary in which he wor-
74 ' Congregational Necrology. [Jan.
shipped in his early life, Rev. Francis Williams, of Chaplin, preached
from the text, " Absent from the body, and to be present with the
Lord."
Mr. Whiten was twice married. His first wife was Miss Lydia C.
Danforth, of Oberlin, Ohio. She was on her way to the same mis-
sion, they became acquainted, and were married at Freetown, Sierra
Leone, July 29, 1863. She died at Good Hope Station, West
Africa, Nov. 9, 1864 ; she and her babe sleep in a missionary grave.
June 9, 1869, he married Miss Emily Pitkin, of Kellogg, Iowa, who
survives to mourn her early bereavement.
F. w.
Rev. Joseph Homer Patrick was born in Western (now Warren),
Mass., April 15, 1792. He was the eldest son of Asa and Ruth
(Homer) Patrick. His boyhood and youth were spent on the home-
stead, where five generations have lived, and which has but lately
passed out of the family name. To his labor on that hard and
rocky farm did he owe the good physique he wore, and the unusual
degree of health he enjoyed. His advantages in youth were very
limited, the winter school being his only opportunity for education.
During a work of grace in the church there, under the ministry of
Rev. Sylvester Burt, he became the subject of that change of heart
which turned his feet into a new path, although he did not unite
with the church until November 14, 1824, when Rev. Monson Gay-
lord was pastor. He early began to think of a liberal education,
and went to the academy at Monson, and subsequently to Leicester.
He graduated at Brown University in 18 17. He was reputed a
" good scholar " in a class of no ordinary distinction, which gave to
Rhode Island two governors, and one judge of its supreme court.
After graduation, he spent five years in teaching in Kentucky.
Upon his return he spent some months in theological study with Prof.
Gamaliel S. Olds and Rev. Heman Humphrey, D. D. It was a con-
stant regret of his life that he was not better furnished for the minis-
try, and that he had not given more time to preparation.
He was ordained as an evangelist at Taunton, Nov. 22, 1827, and
commenced his labors in Barrington, R. I., the same year. After a
ministry of nearly three years, he removed to Greenwich, Mass., where
he was installed as colleague pastor with Rev. Joseph Blodgett,
Nov. 16, 1830.
Here he labored with acceptance and success for twelve years, and
was dismissed Dec. 21, 1842. From thence he went to Amherst,
Mass., for the purpose of educating his son. During a residence of
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. y$
fourteen years here, he supplied various parishes, — Phillipston, Wen-
dell, Pelham, Prescott, as his services were demanded. In the spring
of 1857, he supplied the church at South Wellfleet, Mass., where he
continued to preach until the fall of 1861, and where his labors were
blest in the revival of 1857-8. He then removed to West Newton
to spend the remainder of his days with his son, where he dwelt in
the quiet enjoyment of his religious privileges, and the companionship
of friends and neighbors. The last public service he rendered was
at the communion table on the first Sabbath of March, 1869. The
peculiar fervency of his prayer on that occasion is remembered now
as betokening a preparation for the coming event. During that week
he was stricken with paralysis, from which he recovered sufficiently
to move about and care for himself in part, but never to mingle again
with friends in the social prayer meetings or the public worship.
On fast day of 1870, he had another attack, which rendered him
helpless, in which state he lingered and gradually sunk away until, in
the earliest hour of June 20th, with no apparent pain and no struggle,
he breathed his life out as a child falls to sleep. The end of the
good man was in consistency with himself. Through all the days of
his confinement he was in a waiting posture, childlike, submissive,
and hopefiil, with a constant outlook to the other world. He was
most interested, even to the last, in the affairs of the church ; and in
his slight derangement of mind, every day was to him the Sabbath.
" What are you going to preach about to-day ? " was his frequent
question to his son as he entered his room on any morning of the
week. His last days were a perpetual Sabbath. Another peculiarity
of these last weeks was the repetition of hymns learned in his youth.
Waking up at midnight, and finding himself restless, he would com-
mence to repeat the loved hymns of former years, and show a won-
derful facility in reviving what had been lost to him for a long
period. While hopeful he was humble. A few days before he died,
he was drawn in his chair to the window, from whence he loved to look
out upon an enchanting view. It was a beautifial spring morning, and
the earth was in its best dress of deep green. "This is a beautiful
world, is it not ? " was the question suggested ; and he responded,
bursting into tears, "Yes, too beautiful for such a poor sinner as I am."
His faith in his Saviour never wavered. " Christ is with me, and
Christ is within me," was his response to the suggestion that- he was
deprived of great privileges. His desire through all his sickness was
to go rather than stay. His former associates and intimate friends
had been dropping away, and he longed to join them. He returned
from the funeral of his former neighbor, Rev. S. G. Clapp, very
']6 Congregatiojial Necrology. [Jan,
much affected, and his last journey from home was to attend the
funeral of his dear friend, Dr. Vaill. The thought of reunion was
in his mind. He was full of years, and ready for the transfer to the
world of reward and renewed friendships.
He will be remembered as a sincere, faithful minister of the gos-
pel, appealing more to experience than to argument to convince and
lead men to Christ. He made the impression upon every one that
he felt what he said. He was a man of sunny temperament, this
being an inheritance from his father before him, and often a quiet
humor betrayed itself in his playful responses. He took special de-
light in the service of song. He felt at home only among the
disciples of Christ.
He never gave himself much credit for decision of character and
strength of purpose, yet it is rare to find a better illustration of these
traits than in one chapter of his life. He was addicted to the use of
tobacco till he was sixty years of age. It was a strong habit, but he
determined to break it up. After making an attempt he failed, and
confined himself to one form of its use only. Not satisfied, he made
another effort, and after a struggle of great severity he gained the
victory, and refrained entirely from its use in any form through the
remainder of his life. He was a firm friend of the temperance
cause, both as disciple and advocate.
AVhile in Amherst, he connected himself with the congregation in
the East Parish, and proved himself no " troublesome " parishioner as
an " ex-minister." The testimony of his pastor. Rev. C. L. Wood-
worth, whom he highly esteemed, may be more impartial than of one
moved by filial impulses : —
"Those who knew him best had the highest estimate of his worth.
He might have sat for the picture of the ideal Puritan. He was
simple, genuine, honest, firm for the right, strong in his convictions,
loyal to the truth, to duty, and to God.
*' All these qualities he carried into his ministerial work. His
sermons were scriptural, unambitious, and unadorned, and seemed
the attempt of a thoroughly honest soul to uphold the truth as it is
in Jesus.
" He cared little for systems of theology or the philosophies of
men, but he had unbounded reverence for the word of God, and faith
in its power to save sinners.
" His piety, though cast in a Puritan mould, had in it nothing sour
or bitter. He looked upon the world with a kindly eye, and offered it
aid with a genuine charity and love.
" He was a Christian gentleman of the old school, urbane, courte-
1 8/ 1.] Congregatio7tal Necrology. 77
ous, genial. He greatly enjoyed Christian fellowship, and especially
the communion of saints. The meeting for prayer and praise was his
delight."
He married Mary Patrick, of Western (now Warren), Mass., Sept.
27, 1826, who still survives, with their son, Rev. H. J. Patrick, pas-
tor of the Congregational church, West Newton, Mass.
H. J. p.
Rev. Richard Charles Hand, who died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
July 28, 1870, was born in Shoreham, Vt., Jan. 21, 1802. He was
the son of Capt. Samuel and Elizabeth (Sill) Hand. His grand-
father, Nathan Hand, was one of the first deacons of the Congrega-
tional church in Shoreham. His ancestors came, about 1630, from
Maidstone, Kent County, England. They came over as part of the
New Haven colony, but settled in Maidstone (now East Hampton,
Long Island), and for more than a century this continued to be the
ancestral home. The records of that town show (Documentary
History of New York, Vol. I.), that "March 19, 1657, the town
ordered Thomas Baker and John Hand to go to Koniticut, to bring
us under their government, according to the terms of South Hamp-
ton is, and to carry Goodwip Garlick to be tried for witchcraft."
Capt. Samuel Hand removed to Shoreham, Vt., about 1798. He
was a farmer, of remarkable integrity and strength of character.
Mrs. Hand was the only daughter of Rev. Richard Sill, of Hart-
ford, N. Y., and niece of Dr. A. Lee, of Lyme, Conn. Their home
was near the shores of Lake Champlain, in sight of the historic
ruins of Ticonderoga. Their oldest child, Richard, was 'hopefully
converted, and received to the church when about fourteen years of
age. He was of feeble constitution, and was permitted to indulge
a propensity for study. At the age of sixteen, he was prepared for
college, at Newton Academy, in his native town, and in 1819 he en-
tered the Sophomore class in Middlebury College. He was gradu-
ated with honor in 1822. He immediately entered the Theological
Seminary at Andover, was licensed by the Andover Association,
July 5, 1825, and graduated the same year.
Mr. Hand was ordained at Rutland, Vt., Oct. 19, 1825, in connec-
tion with Dr. H. B. Hooker, and Rev. A. Foster. The sermon was
by Rev. Phineas Cooke, of Acworth, N. H. He commenced his
ministry at Gouverneur, St. Lawrence County, N. Y. On the 2d of
December, 1825, he received a call from the church in that place,
and was duly installed by an ecclesiastical council, Sept. 6, 1826,
Rev. Isaac Clinton, d. d., preaching the sermon from i Thes. iii. 8.
78 Congregational Necrology. [Jan.
The town of Gouverneur was new and but partially settled ;
the people were poor; the salary small and ill-paid, but the call
for ministerial labor was incessant. There was no other settled
minister of our order within twenty-five miles. There were desti-
tute churches to be fostered, and new churches to be gathered, in
the vicinity. Mr. Hand used to go on horseback from settlement
to settlement, intent upon doing this pioneer work. He had a large
share in laying the foundations for the educational and religious
institutions of the county. He was active in promoting the cause
of temperance. Sabbath desecration was checked, and the Sab-
bath school in connection with catechetical instruction was system-
atized. The monthly concert was made attractive, and a new and
permanent interest was awakened in foreign missions. An academy
was put in successful operation, which is still flourishing During
his pastorate of seven years, he received sixty-nine members by pro-
fession and forty by letter, and the membership of the church rose
to one hundred and ninety-two, in a parish of seventy families.
In the latter part of 1832, Mr. Hand was prostrated by severe
illness, and he found it needful to leave the pastoral work for a
time. Receiving leave of absence for a year, he accepted the
agency of the American Board for the State of New York. He
was dismissed from his church, June 10, 1834, and soon after was
appointed General Agent of the American Board for Northern New
England, as successor of Dr. Bardwell. He prosecuted this work
with great efficiency for about seven years. In 1839, he resigned
the position to enter again upon the pastoral office.
He received a call from the First Congregational church in Dan-
ville, Vt., dated Dec. 11, 1839, and commenced his ministry there
early in the following year. After preaching about a year, he ac-
cepted the call, and was installed June 22, 1841, Rev. J. K. Con-
verse, of Burlington, Vt., preaching the sermon. Mr. Hand took
a position, at once, among the leading ministers of the State. He
preached the opening sermon before the General Convention in
1842, from Neh. vi. 3, and the same year was chosen moderator
of the convention. After about seven years of service he was again
prostrated by severe illness, and was dismissed Sept. 16, 1846.
After this, he travelled and occupied himself with the finances ot
Middlebury College, but was induced to accept the pastorate of the
First Congregational church of Bennington, Vt., where he was in-
stalled Jan. 20, 1848, Rev. E. W. Andrews, of Troy, N. Y., preaching
the sermon. Here his labors seemed to be blessed and successful,
until the development of a disease of the heart, producing repeated
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 79
turns of fainting in the pulpit, constrained him to abandon the work
of the ministry. He was dismissed Sept. 20, 1853. The next year
he took up his residence in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mr. Hand was a man of commanding presence, of liberal culture,
and of amiable character. As a preacher, he was earnest and pun-
gent. His sermons were didactic rather than speculative, and his
preaching eminently biblical. In theology, he was a Calvinist.
During a ministry of nearly thirty years, he was permitted to wit-
ness several times of special religious interest. He was an excel-
lent judge of men, and possessed fine executive abilities. He ex-
celled most of his brethren in financial skill, and was enabled,
not only to provide a competence for his declining years, and to
contribute liberally from time to time, while he lived, to important
objects of Christian benevolence, but to leave a number of valuable
legacies, by which he will be doing good in future years.
Mr. Hand mari-ied Agnes Hudson, of Shoreham, Vt., Aug. i,
1826, who died without issue. May 10, 1828. He married Feb. 13,
183 1, Rhoda Hoyt, of New Haven, Vt., daughter of Hon. Ezra
Hoyt, and sister of Rev. Messrs. O. S. and O. P. Hoyt, who died
March 27, 1870. By her he had two children ; Lockhart A. C,
born Aug. 15, 1832, died March 13, 1834; and Agnes Eliza,
born July 16, 1845. She was carefully educated, and grew up a
young lady of many graces and accomplishments, but died in August,
1865. Her death was a severe blow to her parents, from which they
never recovered. In 1867, Mr. and Mrs. Hand spent several months
in Europe. The last work of his life was the erection of a monument
in his native town, where he had gathered the remains of his entire
family. It bears the following significant inscription : " Sumus
omnes tandem beate."
E. H. B.
Rev. AsAHEL R.EED Gray died of abscess of the liver, in Coven-
try, Vt., Aug. 18, 1870, having just entered his 57th year. He was
tlie son of Deacon Ebenezer M. and Levin ah (Reed) Gray, and
was born in Coventry, June 29, 18 14. With the exception of the
years devoted to preparation for the ministry, his entire life was
passed in his native town, and the last eleven years upon the old
homestead farm. He was graduated from the University of Ver-
mont in 1844. At the age of thirty, studied theology with the Rev.
S. R. Hall, LL.D,, then of Craftsbury, and was licensed to preach
by the Orleans Association, at Albany, Aug. 16, 1842. Immediately
after graduation, he received a unanimous call from the church in
8o Co7igregatio7tal Necrology. [Jan.
his native town, and was ordained its pastor Nov. 13, 1844, the Rev.
John Wheeler, d. d., preaching the sermon. Tliis relation among
the associates of his early life continued nearly fourteen years ;
twenty were added to the church by profession, and near the close of
his pastorate there was a decided increase of religious interest which
soon culminated in a revival under his successor. He was dismissed
from Coventry, June 29, 1858. In August, 1858, he became acting
pastor of the Congregational church at Albany, supplying the pulpit
upon alternate Sabbaths, and continuing until the third Sabbath in
January, 1866. At the beginning of 1864, he supplied the church in
Holland a few months, upon alternate Sabbaths ; and again, from
March, 1866, till June, 1867. July 10, 1864, he became acting pas-
tor of the church in Morgan (with which the Rev. Jacob G. Clark,
the oldest pastor in the State, still holds the nominal relation), and
continued this supply upon alternate Sabbaths until his death.
During the winters also of 1867-8, he preached about four months,
one-half the time in Salem, a town where no church of any denomi-
nation has ever had an existence, and no stated preaching of the
gospel had ever before been enjoyed.
Mr. Gray possessed remarked amiability of disposition, and was
a valued citizen, as well as a most affectionate husband and father.
He was chosen as the representative of Coventry in the State legis-
latures of i860 and 1861. He was eminently a good man, rich in
faith, and the possession of a good name from all who knew him.
The leading characteristics of his ministry were earnestness and con-
scientious fidelity. He loved to preach the gospel, and feU an obligation
upon him. He was thoroughly evangelical, though not a profound
thinker, nor a strictly logical sermonizer. After dismission from
his only pastorate, there was no long interval of entire cessation
from active ministerial services. He was a home missionary, and
though his fields of labor were at a distance from his family and home,
seldom did any obstacle prevent his meeting regularly his Sabbath
appointments. A week before his death he sustained a slight injury
in assisting in some harvest work upon the farm, but not until two
days previous did there seem to be cause for serious apprehension.
He then sank rapidly, and died under extreme suffering, but with
strong utterances of a lively hope.
Mr. Gray was twice married; first, to Eunice Cornelia Kellum, of
Compton, C. E., Jan. 15, 1846, who died Feb. 7, 1849 ; second, to
Emeline Kimball Pierce, of Wethersfield, Vt., Jan. i, 1850. By
his last marriage he had three children, two of whom, a son and a
daughter, with the widow, survive him.
A. w. w.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 8i
LITERARY REVIEW.
RELIGIOUS.
An exposition of the Smaller Catechism of the German EvangeHcal
Synod of the West' lies before us, a posthumous publication of the lectures
of the late Andreas Irion. The first part of the pam^Dhlet is occupied with
an exposition of the ten commandments. The second part (of which the
pamphlet before us contains only a small portion) treats of the doctrines
of the gospel. The work is done in a scholarly manner. The exposition
of the commandments contains many fine and discriminating definitions
and remarks. Sometimes, however, the author's analysis seems to be too
minute ; and sometimes he attempts to define the indefinable ; e. g., p. 58,
in expounding the statement, " God is himself the truth," he says that these
words " involve only the following thoughts : i. God knows what he is,
and is what he knows concerning himself [what is this but self-knowl-
edge?]. 2. God is in his essence what the notion, or the idea of God
implies, so that this idea of God and God's consciousness of himself are
entirely the same [what determines this idea of God .'' And what is all
this but an obscure way of saying that God is what a God ought to be ?
And is not this a description of the attribute of holiness, or perfection,
rather than that of truth ? ]. 3. Since, however, the idea of God implies
that God comprehends in his essence everything that there is, and can be
conceived of actual existence and consciousness, and all this in an abso-
lutely personally free manner, [how do you know .'' ] since further, — 4. God
in his essence perfectly reahzes this idea, and in this realization perfectly
recognizes himself, God presents in his essence not only truth in general,
but the truth in the comprehensive sense, so that everything which outside
of God can lay claim to the name 'truth ' is derived from God, results from
God's own truth." It is evident that nothing is clarified by this. It is
only an attempt to make philosophy out of a figure of speech.
We are not quite satisfied with the elegant, two-volume work called
" Bible Notes for Daily Readers^ ^ The spirit of the author is excellent ;
a wholesome piety pervades every page, the devotional element is strong, and
the suggestions and reflections mainly wise, and always reverent. Its
typography is admirable ; the type is large and clear, the paper good,
the page ample and satisfactory. Now, as to the contents : These
"Notes" are judicious, and perhaps suificient for those who never had
1 Erkliirung des kleinen evangel. Katechismus der deutsch-evang. Synode des
Westens. Von Andreas Irion, weiland Professor der Theologie und Inspector
des evang. Missouri-Seminars. Heransgegeben von. F. Kauffmann Prof, der
Theol. am evang. Missouri-Seminars. St. Louis, Druck von Aug. Wiebuschund
Sohn.
2 bible Notes for Daily Readers. By Ezra M. Hunt. Charles Scribner & Co.,
New York. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 576, 794. Price, $8.00.
second series. — VOL. III. NO. I. 6
82 Literary Rcvieiu. [Jan.
doubt on religious matters, who never have met with or been assailed
by scientific skeptics, who never have known of difficulties, and who
are ignorant of what is abroad in the world in the way of conjecture,
of doubt, of denial, and that the Bible itself, as a revelation from God,
is rejected by many who claim to lead in moral and intellectual move-
ments. For those, therefore, whose faith is pure, and simple, and strong,
who take the Bible as it is, nothing doubting, and who, if we can sup-
pose such a case, will never meet with troublesome questions, the work
will be valuable, — a rational explainer of the text, a healthful stimu-
-us to Christian life and labor. But in these days, when skepticism runs
riot, when so many are unable to give a reason for the faith that is in
them, when not only among laymen (as might be expected, naturally),
but among clergymen, there are so few who can meet in open field the
infidel teachings of the times, the scientific doubters, and the quacks in
bibhcal practice, we want stronger food. A Bible note-maker of to-day
must not ignore the present state of biblical science, nor the many
questions that agitate the religious and scientific world; he must discuss
disputed points intelligently, or, if he cannot do this, he must give clear
ideas of the results of recent studies, so far as is possible. The days for
loose talk have passed ; the Bible stands in its full glory, and ever will
stand, and "the gates of hell shall not prevail against it"; but none the
less do we need for expositors those who can meet error — secret or open,
plausible or weak — on its own ground, and vindicate the truth as it is found
in the Scriptures,. It is for these reasons that we do not warmly commend
the book under notice. We think, moreover, that it is a mistake to
omit the text of the Bible ; text and note should go together.
A VOLUME on Millennarianism, entitled " Christ coming in his Kingdom," '
has appeared, the authorship of which is partially concealed under the very
general designation " By a Congregational Minister."
In the words of the author, "the design of these pages is to present to
the Christian's faith and hope all that is precious and inspiring in the
future of the earth, and the final unending reward in the consummated
glories of heaven ; to thoroughly probe and cauterize the sense-views of
many who write concerning Christ's' future kingdom, and by a sound bib-
lical exco-esis present the ancient Eschatology restored, and a consequent
refutation of ancient Chiliasm and modern Adventism, with their too
frequent adjuncts of teaching the 'sleep of the dead,' the utter annihi-
lation of the wicked, a speedy mundane collapse, and a terrestrial heaven
for the saints."
1 A Book for Bible Students and Thinkers. The Coming of Christ in his King-
dom, and the "gates wide open" to the future earth and heaven. Advendsm,
Millennarianism, and a gross Materialism exposed and refuted, and the true
nature of Christ's kingdom as promised in the latter-day glory of earth and the
consummated glories of heaven unfolded. By a Congregational Minister. New
York : N. Tibbals & Co. Boston ; D. Lathrop & Co. Chicago : W. G. Holmes-
Odtavo, pp. 396.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 83
With the general views of the author we are in sympathy — his spirit
we commend. But his volume is fragmentary and disjointed, in style dis-
tasteful, and displays too much learning to interest common readers, and
gives proof of too little to command the attention of scholars.
" Light and Truth " ^ is the title of a volume by Dr. Bonar, beautifully
printed^ and comprising eighty-five sections, each founded on a passage of
Scripture. It is partly expository, — largely practical and devotional. In
such a work we should not look for exact, scientific statement of doctrine,
but we may at least demand that there shall not be any inculcation of
positive error. There are passages in the book which are certainly calcu-
lated to lead the reader astray as to the nature of the atonement, and what
is necessary to bring us into saving relations to it. Thus, the author says,
of Christ's work, " What He has done, obtains the pardon for us ; and
God has given us such a testimony to this completed propitiation, that
simply in crediting it, we enter into favor. Along with the testimony there
is the promise, that whoever believes has hfe ; still // is the belief of Gocfs
testijuony that seaires the favor, (p. 5.) Again, " He who simply believes
that true report, is saved by that which he beheves." (p. 9.) What does
he include here in belief? He adds, "In how many ways we neutrahze
the gospel, by adding something of our own in order to make it more com-
plete ? Except y&feel, as well as believe, ye cannot be saved ! Except
ye can produce certain marks and evidences of regeneration, ye cannot
be saved ! Thus men make void the cross." (p. 11.) If saving faith in-
volves no feeling, no marks and evidences of regeneration, then it is simply
an intellectual exercise. It is not a moral choice, but a mental assent.
This is true, whether a moral choice be regarded as involving affection, as
a constituent element of itself, or as a consequent, separable in the
order of nature, but not in the order of time. If Christ has made " this
completed propitiation," and God has given us "such a testimony " re-
specting it, that " simply in crediting it, we enter into favor," then our
UniversaHst friends are pre-eminently safe. These passages betray a
strange want of the power of analysis as to moral exercises. Those who
are fond of the Dublin Tracts will find delight in this book. And we are
happy to testify that generally it will be found to be quickening in its in-
fluence upon a pious heart.
A WRITER who boldly assaults the citadel of truth, denying all inspira-
tion, if not " the foundation of all religion," may be respected for his dar-
ing, and be esteemed for his consistency. But when one puts on abun-
dant Christian airs, and talks piously of " Jesus," ^ of " the True and the
Good," of the " Infinite Care," of "the Highest," of "the Infinite Provi-
dence," and the like, and yet exalts his own reason above revelation, re-
jects the Bible in all those parts which contravene his theories, and only
1 Light and truth : or Bible Thoughts and Themes. The Lesser Epistles. By
HoRATius BoNAU, D. D. Ncw York : Robert Carter & Brothers, 1870. pp. 437.
* Jesus. By W. H. FuRNESS. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1S70,
pp. 223. $1.50.
84 Literary Reviezv. [Jan.
accepts as divine, what he can reconcile with his philosophy, it is not
easy to respect him as either logical or fair. The Bible is a unit ; it
challenges the attention of the world, as a revelation from God, attesting
its claims by abundant supernatural truths and works, doctrines and
deeds. Internal and external or collateral evidence is too strong, and
has been too long and too forcibly assailed in vain, for a ready yielding of
the sturdy faith of intelligent readers and thinkers to any new, superficial
theories which modern speculators may invent and project upon the pub-
lic attention. Mr, Furness is a clever writer, and has evidently studied
the New Testament with no little care. He is familiar with the views of
abler captious writers than himself. He purports to give " the historical
truth concerning Jesus." This he does in order to clear up the confusion
" concerning his position and authority." His "position " was peculiarly
favorable to make an impression on the rude and ignorant age in which
he lived. He was evidently of a high order of being. He used language,
at times, which conveyed ideas calculated to deepen that impression.
His "authority" is made to grow necessarily from his pure and perfect
character. He needed nothing supernatural ; and the writer is too modest
to hmit the Supreme, by intimating that He will not produce a greater or
more wonderful person than Jesus, at some future day. He regards very
much of the gospel as wholly " fabulous " and "mythical " ; many of its
statements wholly reliable ; others, exaggerations of facts or sheer fabrica-
tions, suggested by excited imaginations and religious passions. What
purport to be miracles, were only so in -appearance, or as often had not
even that much to justify the record of them. And yet, Jesus was a won-
derful man, a great teacher, who taught more by his character than by his
words. These were not especially original or striking ! He was pre-
eminently " good." The writer says : " I do not, however, question that
there are legends, myths, or whatever they may be named, in the gospels.
The stories of the birth of Jesus, I believe to be of this character." That
of the tax for which Peter was to find the money in the mouth of a fish,
he adds, " whether it is a pure fiction, or an ordinary incident magnified,
I do not know ! " What a pity he should not " ktioiu ! " and how
magnanimous to confess his ignorance I The scenes at the crucifixion
are thus explained : " The aspect which the overcast heavens took from
the horror-struck minds of men, seemed to be a preternatural gloom.
A rent in the vale of the temple, caused, it may have been, long
before by age or accident, was now discovered for the first time.
A single tomb, unaccountably found open, and exposing to the passer-
by the bodies of the dead, would have, sufficed at such a juncture
to give rise to the most exaggerated reports of earthquakes and cleft
rocks, and open graves and apparitions, seen by many." If such
perversions of plain truth are not too puerile to be regarded by any
sensible reader, this book may be comparatively harmless ; but its ten-
dencies are evil and only evil continually, and we can more heartily wish
its extinction than its circulation.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Rtview. 85
In striking and most delightful contrast to the fore-named work, is the
" Life of our Lord," ' by Dr. Hanna, in six well-filled volumes. We have
already approvingly noticed the first vol.2 — "The Early Years of our
Lord's Life on Earth." The remaining five are before us : "The Ministry
in Gahlee ;" " The Close of the Ministry ; " " Passion Week ; " "The Last
Day ; " " The Forty Days after our Lord's Resurrection." With singular
felicity the author has grouped and arranged the incidents of our Lord's
wonderful life as they have been recorded by the four Evangelists. While
he has evidently borne a facile and a fertile pen, ev^ry page of these
books contains important facts, or able reasonings, or useful sugges-
tions, or fitting illustrations, or fair deductions, or more or less of each,
and all are redolent with the spirit of his great subject. These volumes
are scholarly but not scholastic, profound and yet perspicuous, adapted
ahke to instruct and interest the erudite and the unlearned. We can as
•heartily commend this able work as we can condemn the one noticed
above. Dr. Hanna evidently wrote from deep convictions of the unques-
tionable truth of revelation, and in sympathy with the man Christ Jesus ;
willing to heed what He taught who spake as never man spake ; while
Mr. Furness takes it upon himself to decide what Divinity should teach,
— and has taken away our Lord, and we know not where he has laid Him.
It would be a blessing to every minister and intelligent Christian to have,
and often to read, these excellent books from the pen of Dr. Hanna. A
cheap popular edition of this valuable work has recently been issued.
The doctrines of the Christian system are involved in the great facts of
the Gospel. As they are sometimes presented they may repel the hearers.
As they may and ought to be presented, they both instruct and edify,
awaken and win, and make Christians strong in the word, and ready
for work. We are very glad Dr. Thompson has given the public his
noble and able work, " The Theology of Christ." ^ We can heartily com-
mend it to ministers and Christians. We regard it as one of the best
books of the season that have fallen under our eye. We wish the author
had taken a very few pages to have brought together a formula of the com-
monly received doctrines, and shown, as he so easily could, that Christ
taught them, every one. Then it could be seen at a glance that they who
preach Christ must preach the doctrijies.
A NEW edition of Lightfoot's Commentary on Galatians ■• has been pub-
lished, in which a few errors in the first edition have been corrected and
some additions made. We notice, also, an improved arrangement of the
1 The Life of our Lord. By the Rev. William Hanna, d. d., ll.d., in six
volumes. New York : Robert Carter & Brothers. $1.50 a volume.
2 Congregational Quarterly, Vol. XII. p. 312.
^ The Theology of Christ from his own words. By Joseph P. Thompson.
New York : Charles Scribner & Co. 1S70. pp.295. $2.00.
* St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians. A revised text, with introduction, notes
and dissertations. By J. B. Lightfoot, d.d. Andover : Warren F. Draper,
8vo. pp. 396. $3.50.
86 Literary Review. [J^ii-
notes, so that the continuity of the text is better preserved. These
changes, together with an Index, render this edition valuable to the stu-
dent, a help rather than a hindrance to an understanding of the epistle.
The introductory portion consists of five treatises, respectively, i. The
Galatian People. 2. The Churches of Galatia. 3. The Date of the
Epistle. 4. Genuineness of the Epistle. 5. Character and Contents of
the Epistle. Then follow three dissertations, i. Were the Galatians Celts
or Teutons. 2. The Brethren of the Lord. 3. St. Paul and the Three.
The text and notes occupy the remaining portion of the book. As a
whole, we like the commentary ; it is candid, carefully studied, and judi-
cious ; it has little of fancy or speculation, but is rather a calm discussion
of the epistle in all its relations. The analysis of the contents of the
epistle is simple and satisfactory (pp. 70-73). One paragraph may be
quoted as containing valuable suggestions .to those who may not own
Lightfoot's work. He says : —
" Once again, in the present day, this epistle has been thrust into prom-
inence by those who deny the divine origin of the gospel. In the later
controversy, however, it is no longer to its doctrinal features, but to its
historical notice, that attention is chiefly directed. ' The earliest form of
Christianity,' it is argued, ' was a modified Judaism.' The distinctive fea-
tures of the system current under this name were added by St. Paul.
' There was an irreconcilable opposition between the apostle of the Gen-
tiles and the apostle of the Jews, a personal feud between the teachers
themselves, and a direct antagonism between their doctrines. After a
long struggle, St. Paul prevailed, and Christianity — our Christianity —
was the result.' The epistle to the Galatians affords at once the ground
for, and the refutation of, this view. It affords the ground, for it discov-
ers the mutual jealousy and suspicions of the Jew and Gentile converts.
It affords the refutation, for it shows the true relations existing between
St. Paul and the twelve. It presents not a colorless uniformity of feeling
and opinion, but a far higher and more instructive harmony, the general
agreement among some lesser differences, and some human failings
of men animated by the same divine Spirit, and working together for the
same hallowed purpose, fit inmates for that Father's house in which are
many mansions."
" Our Seven Churches " ' is the title of a small volume composed of eight
lectures delivered by Rev. Thomas K. Beecher, in the Opera House, El-
mira. New York. A portion of this volume, when issued in tract form, was
noticed in our Editors' Table in the last year's volume, page 323. Read-
ing it now in its complete form, our first impulse was to give it an extended
criticism, but upon further reflection we are satisfied that it would be a
poor expenditure of time and space. The purpose of the eccentric author was
to say what he could in commendation of the seven denominations, " Roman
Catholic, Presbyterian, Protestant Episcopal, Methodist, Independent,
1 Our Seven Churches. Thomas K. Beecher, Elmira, N. Y. New York : J.
B. Ford and Company. 1870. i2mo. pp. 167.
1 8/ 1 .] L itcravy Review. 8 7
Baptist and Congregational, Liberal." Under the last title he includes
the "Unitarians and Universalists." It is notable that he shows the
greatest ignorance as to the principles of his own denomination, and pre-
sents it in the least attractive light. •
So great a similarity is there, according to his representation, in these
seven denominations, that, were it not for the use of a liturgy by the Epis-
copalians, and a dead language by the Romanists, "except on rare oc-
casions, a visitor would have need to ask at the close of public worship the
name of the church that had made him welcome." We can hardly imagine
what party will feel most complimented by this representation. We think it
will strike Rev. Mr. Schermerhorn of this city as a new idea that, " except on
rare occasions," he can preach to his new Unitarian friends his old Orthodox
sermons, and no one will discover any difference between them and those
which he has written since he changed his faith. The Unitarians and
Universalists may well .question the frankness and honor of Mr. Beecher
in appearing to recognize them as Christian brethren, and yet adroitly so
framing his sentences that if any one should charge him with doing it, he
would find it difficult, if not impossible, to substantiate the charge.
There are many bright and pleasing things in this volume, but we cannot
help feeling that if the author should ever attain to maturity of reflection,
he will regard it as the vagaries of a mind in an inchoate state.
Professor Reubelt, of Indiana University, has made a free translation,
of The Scripture Doctrine of the Person of Christ, ' from the German of W.
F. Gess. The work assumes at the outset that all the books of the New
Testament are genuine, and holds that it is not the province of a Christo-
logical essay to go into the proofs on this subject. The three following
propositions are then advocated : (i.) that the Christ of the synoptic gos-
pels and that of John presuppose each other ; C2.) that the Christ of the
fourth gospel and that of the Apocalypse are in perfect harmony with each
other ; (3.) that the Christology of Paul presents an organic whole through-
out the epistles which are ascribed to this apostle, in so far as they have
any important bearing on the subject. " Admit these propositions, espe-
cially the first and second, and all critical questions respecting the New
Testament are settled." The translator, differing from the author on some
points, has modified the^text to coincide or represent his own views, — a
course hardly justifiable, and certainly needless, for he could have availed
himself of notes if he wished to put forth his own views. In the main, the
book is satisfactory; the subject is carefully wrought out, and the general
line of argument is sound; but there are divergences and theories cropping
out here and there which arrest the thoughtful reader, and do not always
secure his assent. This is especially true in the fourth section of the book,
where the author treats of the " historical development of the Son of
1 The Scripture Doctrine of the Person of Christ. Freely translated from the
German of W. F. Gess, with many additions, by J. A. Reubelt, d.d., Professor
in Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Andover : Warrgn F. Draper. i2mo
pp. 456.
8S Literary Review. [Jan.
God," of the " incarnation of tlie logos" and of the " origin of the human
soul." The book should be read with care and discrimination, and with a
special regard to the premises laid down by the author. In such treatises
the temptation for metaphysical speculations is strong, and may lead one
astray belbre he is aware.
With No. XXXII., the great Bible Dictionary' of Dr. Smith comes
complete from the press of Messrs. Hurd & Houghton, under the edito-
rial supervision of Prof. H. B. Hackett, and Ezra Abbot, Esq. We can
and need do no more now, than renewedly attest our high estimate of this
thorough and elaborate work, from the eminent scholars who have given it
so much time and study. Every student of the Bible, especially every
minister, should have this work. The index of the passages of Scripture,
illustrated, covering over fourteen pages, four columns on a page, fine print,
shows how nearly this dictionary is a commentary. The entire work fills
3,667 pages, is admirably illustrated, well printed, and bound in four
volumes. It is every way worthy the widest circulation.
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
The students of history will be gratified to learn that a third edition of
the Life and Times of John Huss ^ has- just been issued by the enterpris-
ing firm of Gould & Lincoln. This elaborate work covers much of the
Bohemian history from 1347 to 1650. Under the " Times of John Huss,
it gives a detailed history of the Romish church for over a hundred years.
The first edition, which was published in 1863, while it was highly com-
mended by the press generally, was subjected to bitter criticism from a
writer in the North American Review ; but it withstood the attack, to the
great credit of its author, and the discomfiture of his foe. It received the
high endorsement of Rev. Edmund de Schweinitz, the editor of the Mo-
ravian, who, as authority on such a subject, is unequalled by any other
writer in. our land. Dr. Gillett, availing himself of the latest and most
thorough researches, and especially Palasky's " Documenta Magistra J.
Huss," has carefully revised his work, and given in this new edition im-
portant additions and improvements.
For minuteness, thoroughness, and candid statement of facts, it con-
stitutes a standard authority. The style of the author is direct, lucid, and
manly. He is a patient investigator, and has a peculiarly historic
1 American Edition of Dr. WiLLiAM Smith's Dictionary of the Bible. Revised,
and edited by Prof. H. B. Hackett, d.d., with the co-operation of Ezra Abbott,
LL.D., Assistant Librarian of Harvard University. New York: Published by
Hurd & Houghton. 1870.
- The Life and Times of John Huss : or the Bohemian Reformation of the Fif-
teenth Century. By E. H. GiLLKTT, Professor of Political Science in the University
of the City of New York. In two volumes. Third edition ; carefully revised,
with important additions, and an Appendix. Boston : Gould & Lincoln, 59
Washington street pp. 632, 686, royal octavo. Price, $-j.oq.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Rtview. 89
mind. The period of which he treats is memorable for distinguished men
and important events .; and the great Bohemian Reformer is a central
figure, worthy of the position and prominence which are here given to
him.
So familiar has the Christian community been for years with the mission
to the Sandwich Islands, that some may imagine that but little that is new
or of special interest on the subject can be presented. But whoever reads
the new work of Dr. Anderson on the " Sandwich Islands," ' will find it
most interesting and instructive. It is the first of a series of volumes on
the " Missions of the American Board" by the able secretary who has for
over forty years had the fullest opportunity for a thorough acquaintance
with this theme. The work before us is one of high merit. It is minute,
but not tedious ; full of facts, well compacted, but not dry. As a book of
reference it is of standard authority, and yet it is in the truest sense enter-
taining. The historic facts are presented in their philosophical bearings,
and one of the highest charms of the work, to reflective minds, is in its
illustration of the pj'ogress and development of the missionary enterprise,
and the freedom with which its gifted author acknowledges the early mis-
takes which were made as evinced by the light of subsequent experience.
Toward the close of the volume, there are memoranda of the missiona-
ries employed in the Hawaiian and Micronesian Islands, and a catalogue
of publications in the various languages of the islands of the Pacific, pre-
pared by the careful and accurate pen of the Rev. John A. Vinton. A
valuable index completes the volume. It is ardently to be hoped that the
life of the veteran secretary may be spared to the completion of the series.
Washburn's Paraguay^ is a work of sterling value, and despite the
personal matter, which is, perhaps, too prominent for a sober history, but
which certainly could not be omitted, it must be the standard authority on
all questions pertaining to that unfortunate country. The first volume is
chiefly occupied with the early history of Paraguay ; and the records of the
different Spanish expeditions, the manners and customs of the natives, and
their treatment by their foreign conquerors are as interesting as romance,
while they are sombre with dark truth. It would be pleasant to us to
give a synopsis of this volume, but lack of space forbids, and we must
confine our attention to one point, and that is, the Jesuit rule in Paraguay.
Mr. Washburn has here done valuable work for true liberty, civil and reli-
gious ; and, by a simple recital of indisputable facts, has shown the weak-
nesses and the wickedness, the corruption and the fraud, the cruelty and
the heartlessness of the Jesuits, either in or out of power. The first
1 A Heathen Nation Evangelized. History of the Sandwich Island Mission, by
Rufus Anderson, D.D., LL.D., late foreign secretary of the Board. Boston : Con-
gregational Publishing Society. 1870. pp.408. $1.50.
^ The History of Paraguay, with Notes of Personal Observations and Reminis-
cences of Diplomacy under Difficulties. By Charles A. Washburn, Commissioner
and Minister Resident of the United States at Ascuncion from i86i to iS68. Bos-
ton : Lee & Shepard. Two vols. Svo. pp. 571, 627. $7.50,
90 Literary Review. [J^n.
Jesuits that came to America landed at the Bay of All Saints, within ten
years after the establishment of their order, and they had every opportu-
nity to establish and develop their policy to the best advantage. These
Jesuit fathers had everything their own way, and put their theory to its
most thorough practice, — a theory which Mr. Washburn thus charac-
terizes : " To advance the cause of the church, and exterminate heresy,
was the chief duty of man, and no means were too cruel, no fraud too
gross, no perfidy too scandalous, no torture too refined, to increase the
powers of those who professed to be followers of the Prince of Peace."
The Paraguayan natives were at first pleased and impressed by the Romish
ceremonies, but they found out, when too late, that the Jesuits were the
curse of their country ; " the same fatal, moral heresy that has made the
very name of Jesuit a by-word and a reproach, a synonym for de-
ceit and treachery, here, too, bore its legitimate fruit. The early
fathers who came to Paraguay, did not scruple to employ fraud to cheat the
nations into Christianity ; they resorted to deceit as freely as did their
brethren who hung around the courts of Europe, and swindled, and
robbed, and cheated princes and potentates for the benefit of their holy
order" (vol. i, p. 74).
It is to be borne in mind that previous to the publication of Mr. Wash-
Durn's book, the history of Jesuit rule in Paraguay has been written by
Jesuits, and endorsed by many Protestants destitute of other means of
information. Charlevoix is the most read, quoted, and credited of their
historians ; but he knew nothing from personal observations, and his volu-
minous work is made from the writings of the Jesuit fathers, and is rather a
defence than a history, " By their fruits ye shall know them," is the test,
and, tried by it, they merit everlasting execration. The whole Jesuit policy
in Paraguay was to make the people as helpless and dependent as possible ;
to make an ignorant obedience to the priesthood the permanent condition ;
as set forth in the work under notice, the whole influence of the Jesuits was
bad and only bad, and when they were expelled from the country by the
king of Spain, when that anti-Jesuit wind swept over Europe, the people
rejoiced. This whole subject is well and calmly treated, and it is very in-
structive to us, as showing what a genuine Roman Catholic policy, when
carried out, will inevitably produce, namely, mental, moral, civil, social, and
religious degradation. It. is a chapter in history that is new to Americans,
and it should be carefully read ; and we wish every person favorably
inclined, or negatively opposed, to Romanism, would peruse Mr. Wash-
burn's narrative, and profit by it.
As to Francia and the Lopez family, the book is a new revelation, and
shows how completely ignorant we may be of matters that should have
been understood in their true merits. If Carlyle should ever read this
book, he would, unless impervious to reasonable conviction, feel that his
Essay on Francia should be re-written. We cannot go into details, but
if ever there were mortals who merited all they ever received in this
world or will in the next, who should be held up to the execration of man-
kind, these are the men above others. Americans little understood the
1871.] Literal y Review. 91
Paraguayan war ; they thought Lopez was fighting the battles of liberty
for a republic, whereas he was a despot and a villain, an oppressor and a
tyrant such as has seldom cursed a nation, or disgraced even a wicked
world. Mr. Washburn's own troubles are well told ; they show that there
is a radical and humiliating difficulty in our state and navy departments,
when our ministers to foreign countries are subjected to the whims and
prejudices, the pride, conceit, and ignorance of naval officers. Mr. Wash-
burn's experiences were a disgrace to our nation, and we rejoice that the
investigation ordered by Congress has resulted in his vindication, and in
the condemnation of the course of those naval noodles who put on airs of
superiority to ministers and the home government. It is one of the notably
few instances where an " Investigating Committee " reached any satisfac-
tory result !
It is creditable to the author that his own troubles, great as they
were, and his labors onerous and dangerous, as is evident, did not pre-
vent him from putting on record all that is really valuable regarding Para-
guay and its people; its topography, climate, resources of the country, and
the habits, condition, and institutions of the people in all phases of society
and situation.
Mr. Washburn's style is not faultless, and the book bears some evi-
dence of hasty writing ; but with so interesting a narrative, with so much
that appeals to national pride and the sense of justice, with so many in-
cidents, which, if in a novel, would be called improbable and impossible,
we can excuse minor defects. A thorough index, maps, and engravings
make the work complete in all its parts, and as a specimen of book-mak-
ing it is faultless.
The terrible persecutions of the true followers of Christ at Rome, in
the last part of the' first and the first part of the second centuries, after
His resurrection, are matters of history but very little known at the
present day. We are more than willing to have many a page of the
recital appear in such form as will command readers. Hence we com-
mend " Marcella," 1 and heartily join with its author who says : " It is my
earnest wish that this simple story may arouse in the reader's mind a
deeper sense of the riches of God's love in bringing immortality to light
through His Son, and revealing to us the two most glorious truths which
ever dawned to enlighten a sin-bhnded world — Jesus and the Resurrec-
tion."
The " Life of Rev. John Milne," * an elegant specimen of the printer's
art, is a valuable accession to our biographical literature. It is more than
this. It is an important contribution to the religious history of Scotland
1 Marcella : the Fearless Christian Maiden. A tale of the early church. By
Frances Eastwood. " The noble army of martyrs praise thee." New York :
Dodd & Mead, publishers, No. 762 Broadway, pp. 329. $1.50.
2 Life of the Rev. John Milne, of Perth. By HoRATlus Bonar, d.d. Fifth
edition. New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1870. Octavo, pp. 4S8.
92 Literary Review. [Jan.
during forty years of an eventful period. Mr. Milne was twice settled at
Perth, and spent four years as missionary to India. He was a decided
representative of the Free Church party. A good man, remarkable for
his constancy in efforts to save souls, and for faithfulness in pastoral
labors. The work is written in Bonar's vivacious style, and will have a
happy influence, especially upon ministers, as an illustration of the power
of a godly life.
" Biographical Annals of Williams College " Ms a volume of stand-
ard value ; one of those books which can be produced only by great labor
and care, and whose authors never receive adequate compensation for
their time and work. The search for names, dates, and facts, is one of
the most laborious and tantalizing tasks that can be undertaken ; the most
diligent care cannot insure complete accuracy ; and, when the volume
is printed; the purchasers are comparatively few. And yet, books of this
character are among those most sought for and consulted in our libraries,
and are " labor-saving machines " for literary workers of all classes.
Dr. Durfee is entitled to great credit for his success in this book. Every
page bears evidence of care and research ; the arrangement is good, and
especial attention and fulness are wisely given to the earlier days of the
college, to those facts and incidents that were rapidly passing beyond
knowledge or reach. We pronounce it the best book of the kind we have
ever seen.
The book opens with a fine introduction by Dr. S. I. Prime, editor of
the New York Observer, and then follow in successive chapters. Sketches
of th* Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Trustees, Donors, " The Men of the
Haystack " (comprising the origin and early history of the American
Board), Professors, Roll of Honor, and then Sketches of the Alumni,
in the order of their classes, from 1795 to 1865, inclusive. Several finely
engraved portraits, and other illustrations add to the value of the work.
We cannot speak of the book in detail, but must commend it, first, to all
graduates of Williams College, and all interested in that noble institution;
and next to the thousands of writers, students, clergymen, and others, who
will not only find it invaluable for reference, but intensely interesting in the
perusal. We detect some errors, and this is to be expected in all books
of this kind, as any one will find on examination. From some experience
in such investigations, we are free to say that a large portion of the com-
munity are lamentably ignorant of their family histories, and if called to put
names and dates on paper, would rarely make correct tables. What, then,
shall be said of the stranger who attempts to gather facts and names and
dates running through long generations, and concerning thousands of
persons? It is a wonder that " Biographical Dictionaries " and "Annals "
and all books of this general class have so few mistakes ; and therefore we
are justified in saying that Dr. Durfee's elegant volume is very creditable
' Williams Biographical Annals. With an Introduction, by Rev. S. Irenaeus
Prime, d.d. Boston : Lee & Shepard. 8vo. pp. 665. (Subscription book ;
limited edition.) Price, ^5.00.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 93
in this regard, and it is, perhaps, well to say that those persons who neg-
lected, upon application, to give family facts within their knowledge,
should be the last to find fault if their genealogical tree is curiously
grafted. A large sale should remunerate the liberal publishers.
The volume is printed in admirable style, with all the pleasing acces-
sions of good paper, type, and binding.
MISCELLANEOUS.
It is a calamity in the realm of mental science that Sir William Hamil-
ton did not present the results of his extensive researches and profound
reflection in a thoroughly systematic form, and have his works pub-
lished under his own supervision. It is only a partial remedy for this
neglect which can now be secured. We have occasion to rejoice in any
effort to supply the defect, and we commend to public attention a new work
entitled "Outhne of Hamilton's Philosophy," ' which has been prepared
by a grateful pupil of the peerless philosopher ; and in which an attempt is
made to present a "systematic exhibition of his philosophical opinions,"
so far as is possible, in his OAvn language. The compiler and expositor will
need no higher endorsement of himself or his work than is given in a
brief " Introductory note " by Dr. McCosh, who testifies, " I have care-
fully read the work in proof, and I am able to say that it furnishes an ad-
mirable summary — clear, correct, and readily intelligible — of the leading
doctrines and connections of Hamilton's Philosophy."
Any person wishing to read profitably and systematically would be
greatly aided by procuring and carefully studying Prof. Porter's capital
book just issued. His criticisms upon authors are very discriminating
and just. The "prominent characteristics of different classes of books
and the conditions of success in different descriptions of reading are
largely and ably discussed." We feel certain that if this book, or its like,
had been put into our hands in early life, our reading would have been not
merely more abundant but more systematic and every way useful. We
most heartily commend it to every reader, especially the young. We re-
gard it as most timely, and wish it the widest circulation. If we had space
we should make numerous extracts.
There are some books which never grow old, and hence a new edition
of them is always of fresh interest. This is true of the poetical works of
1 Outline of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy. A Text-book for students.
By the Rev. J. Clark Murray, Prufessor of Mental and Moral Philosophy,
Queen's University, Canada, with an Introduction by the Rev. James McCosh,
LL.D., President of Princeton College, New Jersey. Boston : Gould & Lincoln.
1870. Octavo, pp. 257. $1.50.
2 Books and Reading : or what Books shall I read and How shall I read them.
By Noah Porter, d.d., ll.d., Professor in Yale College. New York : Charles
Scribner & Co. 1871. pp. 378. $1.50.
94 Literary Review. [Jan.
Covvper.i The new edition which lies before us is edited by Rev. William
Benham, and issued by Macmillan & Co. The editor has qualified him-
self for his work by familiarizing himself with the life of the author, and
his " Introductory Memoir," of fifty-three solid pages, is instructive and
scholarly. The editor is evidently not a Calvinist ; and whatever may be
the possible influence of high Calvinism upon an over-sensitive and morbid
nature, we should be slow to allow the correctness of his conclusion that
" the Calvinistic doctrine and religious excitements threw an already tremb-
ling mind off its balance, and aggravated a malady which but for them might
probably have been cured." The publishers have furnished a comely vol-
ume, and commended themselves to the patronage of the public.
It seems sad indeed that a mind like Cowper's, which had such an ap-
preciation of the beautiful, and has afforded so much gratification to others,
should have in its own experience so little joy.
When he was happy he was very happy, and the genuine humor which
he sometimes displayed, shows that "the lightest heart makes heaviest
mourning." That a man, who was so poor all his days that he had no
books except such as he borrowed, and the range of whose learning was
limited, should have made himself a master in the art of poetry will 'not
cease to be a marvel. O, Cowper ! so often hopeless and uncomforted,
thou hast inspired with hope, and given consolation to many a soul !
"Miriam and other Poems "^ will find numerous readers, and the little
volume which contains them is an elegant gift for a friend of cultivated
taste. We admire the author's fidelity to principle, and especially his ap-
preciation of the Pilgrim history. Although a Friend in his religious sen-
timents, he has a soul too large to be circumscribed by any straight gar-
ments or sectarian bounds. The little poem, " The Prayer-seeker," will be
appreciated by every pious heart.
Jean Ingelow has endeared herself to the lovers of poetry on both
hemispheres. Considering her own manner of life, the title of her new
volume, "Love and Childhood,"^ is remarkable — but her poems give
proof of her appreciation of her theme. The faithful pastor will derive
comfort and inspiration from " The Monitions of the Unseen," and
parents, bereaved, will gladly read her words of solace, while those who
are in gayer moods will find in this volume congenial thoughts in grateful
garb.
The introduction of the "Metric System"* into the United States,
1 The Globe Edition. The poetical works of William Cowper, edited with
Notes and Biographical Introduction, by William Benham, Vicar of Addington,
and Professor of Modern History in Queen's College, London. London and
New York : Macmillan & Co. 1870. pp.536. ti-T^.
2 Miriam and other Poems, by John Greenleaf Whittier. Boston : Fields,
Osgood & Co. 1871. pp.106. $1.50.
3 Poems of Love and Childhood. The Monitions of the Unseen and other
Poems. By Jean 'Ingelow. Boston: Roberts Brothers. -1871. pp. 172-
* The Metric System. ... By Charles Davis, ll.d. A. S. Barnes & Co-
New York and Chicago. pp.327. $1.50.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 95
which was adopted essentially in France in 1812, has excited a good deal
of discussion, and awakened no inconsiderable interest among statesmen,
merchants, and educators. In 1866, Congress passed a bill permittmg
its introduction, so that any one may keep his accounts and make out his
bills according to that system. At a meeting of the University Convoca-
tion of the State of New York at Albany, in 1866, this subject was
thoroughly discussed. Another meeting was held in 1869, and a Committee
of two made a full and able report in four parts, ist. The metric system ;
2d, Its fair analysis ; 3d, An extraordinary report of John Ouincy Adams
to Congress in 1821; 4th, A Lecture by Sir John Herschel. The com-
mittee do not favor the change. The subject is ably considered, and the
book is valuable.
Any one who carefully reads Arthur Helps' "Essays and Organization
in Daily Life,"' will certainly find "help" in various ways. The last
130 pages are full of practical suggestions, and as philosophical as practi-
cal; and so illustrated as to make them available in the "daily life." The
preceding essays are on important topics, such as aids to contentment,
self-discipline, domestic rule, advice, secrecy, education of a man cf busi-
ness, etc., etc., all treated in a clear, sensible way ; and will repay careful
reading.
The " Chinese Question " ^ is before the American people, and not
answered. Any one who can throw Hght upon it will meet a public want.
Mr. Conwell has enjoyed unusual facilities for obtaining knowledge both of
the character and usages of that strange people ; and in a very interesting
way has communicated the result of his observation and reading. His
preface says, " the author's sok purpose in writing this book has been to
give to his friends, in a readable shape, such facts and thoughts as have
required his earnest, unbiased investigation." He aims to answer the
inquiries "why" and "how" the Chinaman emigrates to this country.
His answers will interest and instruct the great majority of readers, and
will command confidence.
We are free to confess that there are many subjects too deep for our
" soundings," and displays of genius that we cannot appreciate ! " Colonel
Frederick Ingham," ^ we suppose, must be a smart man, either in a military,
^ Essays written in the intervals of business, to which is added an Essay on
Organization in Daily Life. By ARTHUR Helps, author of Friends in Council,
Companions of My Solitude, Realmah, Ca?imir, Maremma. Boston : Roberts
Brothers. 1871. pp. 445. $1.50.
2 Why and How. Why the Chinese emigrate, and the means they adopt for
the purpose of reaching America, with sketches of travel, amusing incidents, social
customs, &c. By Russell H. Conwell. With illustrations by Hammatt Bill-
ings. Boston : Lee & Shepard, Publish? rs. New York : Lee, Shepard & Dil-
lingham. 1871. pp, 2S3. $1.50.
* Ten Times One is Ten : The Possible Reformation. A story in nine chap-
ters. By Col. Frederick Ingham. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1871. pp.148.
96 Literary Review. [Jan.
or theological, or Pickwickian sense. But his " Ten Times One is Ten "
has not impressed us, after a full reading, with having any extraordinary
merit, either in conception or execution. The object of the writer is clever
enough, and the unique title will attract attention.
BRIEF NOTICES.
A FINE edition of that charming devotional work, Prof. Phelps's " Still
Hour," (of which nearly _/f/"/i/ thousand copies in the ordinary style have
been printed,) is issued by Gould & Lincoln, in a square i6mo form,
tinted paper, bound in bevel board, full gilt, to meet a demand for copies in
extra style for presentation.
" Nature's Aristocracy " is a racy book on social evils and women's
rights, by Miss Jennie Colhns. She is evidently a woman of sterling en-
ergy, and gives a vivid, though somewhat exaggerated, portrayal of the
evils of society. The sovereign remedies which she proposes, are '■'■prac-
tical co-operation between the laborer and the capitalist, or tuotnati's suf-
f?-agey We cannot place implicit confidence in her diagnosis, or receive
with unquestioning faith her prescriptions. Lee & Shepard, Boston.
" Every Day " is a healthy, hearty, and interesting story, domestic in
character and unaffected in style. Its perusal will both please and profit
the reader ; and amid a host of sensational books, worse than worthless, it
is exceptionally high-toned, and worthy of the purity of the family circle.
Noyes, Holmes & Co., Boston. i2mo. $1.50.
" Episodes in an Obscure Life " is a collection of sketches from the
diary of an English curate, deeply interesting, and opening to view life in
its darker phases, and the workings of benevolence in man and of the Holy
Spirit in the heart. The scenes are novel to American readers, but they
bear unmistakable evidence of truth ; and the book, though small, con-
tains much food for thought, much stimulus fo.r action. The sketches were
originally published, we believe, in the Sunday Magazine. J. B. Lippin-
cott & Co., Philadelphia. 8vo. Illustrated. 50 cents.
The " Memorials of the English Martyrs " ' may be read with
profit. We are not especially pleased with the method the author (Rev.
C. B. Taylor) has chosen in bringing the character, faith, and sufferings
of those Christian heroes before the public ; but much useful informa-
tion may be obtained from his book, and its influence will be good. It is
illustrated with fair engravings.
The " Catholic Almanack for 1871 " is a pamphlet of over one hun-
dred pages, with the usual calendar ; and against every day is recorded
some noted event in Papal history. It is abundantly and finely illustrated,
with pictures of cathedrals, eminent personages, and stirring scenes. It
will not fail to interest the famihes that receive it, if they accept its state"
ments.
^ American Tract Society, Boston. $1.50.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 97
" Littell's Living Age " is holding on its way, and a luminous way
it is. For instruction, entertainment, variety, and genuine culture, this
weekly issue of selections from the periodical literature of Europe, has no
rival in its claims on a Christian family.
" AsPENDALE " (Roberts Brothers, Boston) is a curious book, which we
like and dishke on alternate pages. We do not condemn the book, for it
is too good for that ; we do not praise it, for it is not quite up to that ; and
what then ? It gives on a very slender, and often broken thread of story,
criticisms on beliefs and disbeliefs, on authors as persons and in their
books, which are very enjoyable, and yet too fragmentary to be satisfy-
ing. The criticism on Oliver Wendell Holmes has some keen passages,
and the witty doctor's weaknesses — and they are not few — are nicely
touched, and his ideas, which, sifted of wit and extraneous matter, have
in them a strong element of snobbishness, are very well exposed. The
book lacks a purpose, or, perhaps, it has a purpose, which the unsettled
state of the author's mind was unable to present effectively.
Commendation of the Wonder Books, published by Charles Scribner &
Co., is becoming rather stale, for the reason that the praise which belongs
to any one in the series attaches to all, and there is a limit to adjectives.
These books are ample proof that science, facts, valuable information,
can be made as attractive as a story, and it would be difficult to find a
more sterling set of books to give to a friend, especially a bright, intelli-
gent lad. Twenty volumes have been issued, and they can be had singly
or in a set, neatly arranged in a black-walnut case. We cordially recom-
mend the series.
The amount of juvenile literature annually published is astonishing, if
not alarming ; the latter, especially, when we consider the quality of a large
portion of the books issued for and devoured by the children. We have
space for only the merest mention, but our opinions are as candid as they
are brief.
Lee & Shepard are, notably, the leading publishers of juvenile books ;
not that they omit the " weightier matters," but their catalogue is espe-
cially rich in books with which children are delighted. Oliver Optic, as
usual, leads the rest, and we will allow him to say in his own language
what his aim is : " To make his hero a young man of high aims and lofty
purposes, however strange, stirring, or even improbable his adventures
might seem." The Upward and Onward Series, novf on the publishers'
stocks, has for its first two volumes, ^^ Field and Forest," and ^^ Plane and
Plank," and they are, to our mind, of a higher moral tone than previous
books by the same author. The Boys of Grand Pre. School, and Lost
in the Fog, and two additional volumes in the " B. O. W. C." series, by
Prof. De Mille, the author of the famous " Dodge Club." The first is the
best, and the last is the weakest of the three. We hope the Professor
will not dilate or dilute too much, for he has true genius, and should not
debase it by mere machine work.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. Ill, NO. I.
98 Editors Table. [Jan.
EDITORS' TABLE.
The following note from one of the ablest thinkers and writer^ of the
country is self-explanatory, and is inserted with much pleasure.
" Messrs. Editors : —
In the last number of the Congregational Quarterly there was an extract with
the caption, ' Benevolence a Foundation of Virtue,' from an essay by President
Clap. Both from the caption and the essay, it might be inferred that there have
been, or are, those who suppose that benevolence is the foundation of virtue. I
know of no such persons. There are those who hold that benevolence, not as a
disposition, as President Clap calls it, but as love, is virtue. They even go so far
as to think that it is " the fulfilling of the law." They think it is virtue in such a
sense that nothing else can be a virtue into which the idea of this does not enter,
and which it may not limit. This no more, as President Clap seems to think,
confounds benevolence with justice or truth, or makes these a part of benevolence,
than it confounds a particular mountain with being, to say that the idea of being
enters into it. If President Clap had attempted to ascertain the foundation of
both justice and benevolence, and the relation of benevolence to justice, he might
have discovered that anything claiming to be justice, and yet having absolutely
no regard to the good of any one, would not be justice.
Respectfully yours, COUNTER CLAP."
The Editors and Proprietors take pleasure In asking attention to the
improved appearance of the Quarterly. New and elegant type, and a
better quality of paper than any heretofore used, make the Quarterly more
attractive, and equal in typographical beauty to any of its contemporaries.
Attention is also asked to the intrinsic value of this number to the denom-
ination in the character of the articles, the Necrology, and the various
records, the fullness and fairness of the Literary Review, and the com-
pleteness of the Statistics, in this latter department, the Quarterly is
acknowledged to be without a rival. With the large space necessarily
occupied by the statistics, it is impossible to give in the January number
as f^reat a variety of reading matter as in the remaining numbers of the
year, or as would be desirable, but this deficiency has been largely reme-
died in this issue by a hberal increase in the number of pages. There has
not been a time since the Quarterly was published when so much labor
and money have been expended upon it as now. Recognizing the wants of
the denomination, and the desirableness of an organ which shall be in all
respects an honor to it, and, so far as possible, indispensable, the editors
have determined to meet every reasonable demand, in the behef that their
friends and patrons will sustain them in their elTorts. A large subscrip-
tion list is the only way in which this can be done.
A FULL set of the Quarterly is important to the library of every
clero-yman and intelligent layman in the denomination. Such sets can be
had at the office of publication, in numbers at the regular subscription
price, or in bound volumes for forty cents additional.
It is impossible to issue the January number of the Quarterly on the
first day of the month, and insert complete statistics of the churches. In
some States the statistics are not compiled until late in the year. We
acknowledge our indebtedness to the several State Secretaries, who give
us all the relief in their power, some of them furnishing advance proofs,
and some even giving us the returns in manuscript. The statistics of one
of the large States came in proof, but not until January 12 ; it was neces-
sary to re^arrange them for our pages, and the summaries and hst of min-
isters had to wait for that State, before going to the hands of the printers.
The facilities of our printers, Alfred Mudge & Son, are such, however,
that the whole of this number, including its solid pages of statistics, could
be in type at once.
I87I.]
Congregational Quarterly Record.
99
CONGREGATIONAL QUARTERLY RECORD.— 1870.
CHURCHES FOEMED.
1870.
ALTON, 111.. Oct. 18, 60 members. Absorbs
the ell. at Upper Alton.
BLOOifFIELD. lo , Nov. 27.
BOSTON HIUULANOS, Mass., Walnut
avcnne. Dec. 19, 84 members.
BUACEVILLE. HI. (Wel.«h), 12 members.
BKIDGKPORl'. Conn., Nov. 16, Olivet Evan-
gelical. 38 members.
CANTON, Dak. Ter., 8 members.
CLICVELAND, O. (Welsh), Oct. 9, 22 mem-
bers.
DKEHFIELD, Mich., Oct., 20 members.
DUXBLUY, Mass., Sept. 7 (formerly Metho-
di.-t).
ELKHORN CITY, Neb., Sept. 17, 10 mem-
l)ers.
ELK POINT. Dak. Ter., 6 members.
KLLROY, Wis.
FORT WAYNE, Ind., Plymouth, Sept. 20,
26 members.
GLEN WOOD, Minn., Oct. 10, 10 members.
GREELEY, Col., Sept. 15, 30 members.
GliEENRIDGE. Mo., 19 members.
GROVE HILL, lo.. Dec. 4, 17 members.
HUTCHINSON. Minn., Sept. 18. 10 members.
INDIANA. Penn.. 9 members.
,IEi:SEY CITY. N. J., 2d Con<;., Oct. 13.
KILBURN CITY. Wis., Oct. 16, Memorial,
15 members.
LAKE CLEAR. lo., 12 members.
LA i'L.\'l"rE. Neb., Nov. 6, 7 members.
M.lNK.VTO. Minn.
N EW WINDSOR. lU.. Oct. 10, 9 members.
PATRIOT, O., Sept. IS, Pisgab. 10 mem-
bers.
RED OAK. Minn., Oct. 9, 20 members.
RICHLAND, Dak. Ter.
VERMILLION. Dak. Ter.
WRIGHT'S SCHOOL-HOUSE, Wis.
MINISTERS ORDAmED.
1S70.
ALLEN, SIMEON O., over the Ch. in Lan-
sing, Mieli., Dec. 1. Sermon by Rev.
John G W. Cowles. of Ka.st Saginaw.
BEACH, JOHN W., over the Ch.^in Wind-
sor Locks, Conn., (-^ept. 28. Sermon by
Rev. Timothy Dwight. of Yale Seminary.
Ordiiiniiig prayer by Itev. Wilham
Thompsou, D. U., Oi Hartford Semin-
ary.
BRADFORD, AMORY H , over the Ch. in
Moiitclair. N. J., Sept. 28. Sermon by
Rev. Nathaniel J. Burion. f>. D.. of Hart-
ford. Conn. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Ray Palmer, d. d., of New York.
BRADFORD, WILLIAM P., ovir the Ch. in
Mason City. lo.. Dec. 8. Sermon by Rev.
George Thacher, of Waterloo.
BRANCH, FLAM, to the work of the Minis-
try in Alamo, Mich.. October 13. Sermon
by the Rev. Warren F. Day, of Gales-
burg. Ordaining jirayer by Rev Rufus
Apthorp. of Allegan.
BROWN, J. NEWTON, to the work of the
Ministry in Talladega, Ala., Oct. 23.
Sermon by Rev. Henry S. Bennett, of
jNashville, Tenn.
BROWN, W. D., overthe Ch. in Oilbcrtville,
Mass . Dec. 6. Sermon by Rev. Calviu
B. Uulbert, of Newark, N. J.
BURNHAM, MICHAEL, over the Central
ch. in Fall Hiver. Mass., < )ct. 25. Install-
ing pr.ayer by Rev. William W. Ad'ams,
of Fall River.
CHASE, L. G.. over the Ch. in Dummerston,
Vt., Aug. 24. Sermon by Rev. .Alfnd
Stevens, of Westminster. Ordaining
prayer by Rev. Nathaniel Mighill, of
Brattleboro.
CRAWFOIiD. SIDNEY, io the work of the
Ministry in Fairhavei* Vt., Dec. 3. Ser-
mon by Rev. Edward P. Hooker, of Miil-
dlebury. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Rufus S.Cushman, of Manchester.
DIEMER. HENRY, to the work of the Min-
istry in Hamilton, Mo., Sept. 2s. Or-
daining prayer by Rev. Samuel D. Coch-
ran, D. L>., of Thayer Colleire.
DODGE, D. B., over the Olivet Ch. in
Bridgeport, Conn., I'ec. 14. Ordaining
prayer by Rev. Benjaraiu Dodge, of
North Abington, Mass.
DUNNING. ALBERT E., over the Highland
Ch. in Boston, Mass., Sept. 30. Sermon
by Uev. Henry M. Dexter, d. d., of
Boston. Ordaining praj-er by Rev.
Augustus C. Tliompson, d. d., of Bos-
ton Highlands.
FAIRCHILD, Prof. GEORGE F., to the
work of the Ministry in Lansing, Mich.,
Dec 1. Sermon by Rev. John G. W.
Cowies, of East Saginaw.
FORSYTH. WILLIA.M. overthe Elm St.Ch.
in Bncksport, Me.. Sept. 15. S'^rmon by
Rev. George W. Kuld, D. I)., of Bangor.
Ordaining prayer liy Rev. Enoch Pond,
D. D.. of Bangor Seminary.
HINCKS, EDWAliD Y., over the State St.
Ch. in Portland, Me., Oct. 18. fcermoa
by Rev. Wm. M. Barbour, ,').d., of Ban-
gor Seminary. Urdaining jjr.ayerby iiev.
Stephen Thursion. d. d., of yeiirsiort.
INGALLS. FRANCIS T., over the 'Cli. in
Olatr.e. Kan., Dec. 20.
JOHNSON, 8. M.. to the work of the Minis-
try in iiinp'iria. Kan.. Nov. 29.
KEITH. ADELBERT F., over the Ch. in
Windham, Conn., Oci. 26. Sermon by
Rev. Jo.seph C. Bodwell. d. d,, of Hart-
ford .Seminary.
LEES, JOHN W., over the Ch. in Lee, N. H.,
Nov. 16. Sermon by Rev. Albert H.
Plumb, of Chelst-a, Mass.
LOCKNVOOD. GEORGE A., to the work of
the Ministry in Oxford, Me., Nov. 16.
Sermon by Rev. Stephen li. Deuneu, of
Woburn, Mass.
McAliDLE, GEORGE, to the work of the
Ministry in Pecatomca, III , Oct. 13.
Sermon by Rev. Henry M. Goodwin, of
Rockford.
Mcculloch, OSCAR C., over the Cli. in
Sheboj-gan, Wis., Oct. 19. Sermon by
Rev. Cliarh^s H. Richards, of Madison.
McLEOD. ANDREW J., over the Ch. in
Yarmouth. Nova Scotia. Sept. 27.
MEliRILL, CHAULES H., to the work of
the Mitiistry in Mankato, Minn., Nov. 8.
Sermon by Kev. Henry A. Stunson. of
Minneapolis.
MORSE, JaMKS, to the work of the Ministry
in Genoa Blulis, lo., Dec. 8. Sermon by
Rev. Henry S. Clark.
OBER, WILLIAM F., over the WcFtCh. in
I'ortlaud, Me., Nov. 17. Serniyn by Rev.
U. AUeu Shorey, of Camden,
lOO
Congregational Quarterly Record.
[Jan.
PJiARSON, SAMUEL W., to the work of the
Miiiif^try in Liruingiuii, Me., Nov. 9.
Sermon by Rev. Thomas N. Lord, of
Kentie'i'.inkport.
PELELPti, F. B.. over the Ch. in Lowell, Vt.,
Oct. IS. Sermon by Rev. "William A.
•Robinson, of Hart on. Installiig prayer
by Rev. Azro A. Smith, of LowtU.
BuBblNS. .<\>iSON H., to the work of the
Ministry in Lodi. ()., Nov. 14. Sermon
by Rev. Hiram Mead, D. u.. of Oberlin
Seminary.
ETRO G. iOlVSi J., to the work of the Min-
istry in Talladega, Ala., t)ct. CS. Ser-
mon by Rev. Henry S. Bennett, of Naeh-
vibe, Tenn.
THAIN, ALEXANDER R., to the work of
the Ministry in Turner Junction, 111., Oct.
IS. !<evnion by Rev. Samuel C. Bartlect,
D. D., ol Chicago Seminary.
MINISTERS INSTALLED.
1870.
BACON. Rev. JAM lis M.. over the Ch. in
Ashley. Mass., Nov. 2. Sermon by Rev.
Al>-xie "\V. Ide. of AVest Wed way. \\\-
gtalinig I'raver bv liev. B F. Ray
BARKER. l!ev 1).a"V1S R.. over the Ch. in
College Springs, lo. Sermon by Rev.
JobnTodd. of 'I'abor.
BELL, Rev. S.xMUKL. over the Ch. in East
Cambridge. Mass.. Oct. 31. Sern on by
Rev. Ale-\anik'r McKenzie. of Canihridgf.
Installing Pr.ayer l)y Rev. Edwaril N.
Kirk. r>. d.. of Boston.
BINGHAM. Rev. JOKL S., D.D.. over the
Ch. in Dubuque, lo., Oct. 12. Seimou by
Rev. George Thaeher, of Waterloo.
BOAHDMAN^Rev. M. BRADFORD, ovi'r
the Ch. in Hrimfield. Mass.. Deo. 1. Ser-
mon by Rev. William A. Stearns. D. I).,
of Ambirsl College. Installing I'raver by
Rev. Ariel K. I'. I'erUins. D. r>.. of Ware.
BOWKER. I'.ev. S.\MUEL. over the Ch. in
Raymond. N. H.. Nov. 3U. Sermon by
Rev. Stephen II. Hayes, of Boston.
BRODT, Rev. JttHN H., over the Ch. in
Brooklyn, N. Y.. Sept. 27. Sermon by
Rev. Joseph P. Thompson. D D.. of New
York. Installing I'rayer by Rev. C. B.
Hulbert, of Nevxaik. N. J.
BULFINCH. Rev. JOHN J., over the Ch. in
Freeport, Me., Oct. 18. Sermon by Rev.
Jacob J.Abbott, of Yarmoutli. Install-
ing I'rayer by Key. Alpheus S. Packard,
of Bowdoin College.
BULLARD. liev. EBENEZER W., over the
Ch. in Ilampstead. N. H.. Dec. 14. Ser-
mon by Rev. Raymond H. Seeley, D. u.,
of Haverhill. Mass.
CUSIIM AN. Rev. JOHN P., over the Ist Ch.
in Royalston. Mass , Nov. 30. Sermon by
Rev. Temple Cutler, of .\thol.
DICKERMAN. liev. G. SHERWOOD, over
the Ch. in West Haven. Conn.. Dec. 8.
Sermoti by Rev. Owen Street, of Lowell,
Mass. Installing I'rayer by Rev. Sylva-
nus P. Marvin, of Woodbridge.
FARH All, liev. J(,)HN A., over tlie Ch. in
Centre Lisle, N. Y. Sermon by Rev.
Dwight W. Marsh, of Whitney's Point.
PAY, Rev. lIEXliY C, over the Pilgrim
Ch. in Harwich Port, Mass., Oct. 12.
Sermon by Rev. Mortnner Blake, n. d..
ofTaunton. Installing Prayer by Rev.
Alvan J. Bates, of Saundersville,
GAYLORD. Rev. WILLIAM L., over the
Ch. in West Merideu, Conn., Dec. 22.
Sermon by Rev. Jacob. M. Manning, d.d.,
of Boston, Mass. Installing Prayer by
Rev. Edwin R. Gilbert, of Wallingf'ord.
GLEAbON, Rev. CHARLES H., over the
Ch. in Somers. Conn., Aug. 14. ^'crnion
by Rev. Henry M. Parsons, of Springfield,
Mass. Installing Prayer by Rev. Ira
Peitibone, of Winchester.
HAMMOND, Rev. WILLIAM B., over the
Isi Ch. in New Bedford, Mass., Nov. 16.
Sermon by Rev. Avery S. Walker, of
Fairhaven.
HART, Rev. WILLIAM C, over the Central
Ch in Bath, Me., Nov. 2. Sermon by
Rev. Samuel Harris, D. D., of Bowdoin
C' liege.
HOLBROOK. Rev. JOHN C, D. d., over the
Ch. in Stockton, Cal., Dec. 15. Sermon
by Rev. Israel C. Dwinell, D. D., of Sac-
rMmeiito.
HOOKER. Rev. EDWARD P., over the Ch.
in Widdlebury, Vt., Sept. 4. Sermon by
Key. Harvey D. Kitchel, D. D., of Mid-
dlebury College. Installing I'rayer by
Rev. Joseph Steele, of Middlebury.
HYDE. Rev. CHARLES M., over the Centre
Ch. in Haverhill, Mass., .^ov.lo. Sermon
by liev. Ariel E. P. Perkins, D. d., of
Ware.
JOHNSON, Rev. EDWIN, over the South
Ch. in Bridgeport. Conn., Nov. 8. Ser-
mon by Rev. Oliver E. Daggett, D. d., of
. ew Haven. Installing Prayer by Rev.
Samuel J. M. Merwin. of Wilton.
JONES. Kev. CHARLKS. over the Ch. in
Saxonville, Mass.. Nov. 3. Sermon by
Rev. Joshua W. Wellinan, D. D., of New-
ton. Installing Prayer by Rev. John
Colby, of Soutliboro'.
KELSEV. Rev. HENRY S., over the Ch. in
llollislon, Mass., Oct. 13. Sermon by
Rev. Jacob M. Manning, n. D.,or Boston.
Instalhng Pr.ayer by Rev. Jesse U. Jones,
of N.aticli.
KINC.VII). Rev WILLIAM, over the 1st Ch.
in Leavenworth, Kan., Nov. 16. Sermon
by Rev. Edwin A. Harlow, of Wyan-
dotte.
MARSH, Rev. A. F., over the Ch. in Shel-
burn, Mass., Oct. 2-^. Sermon by Rev.
Edward Norton, of Montague. Ir stalling
Pra\ er liy Rev. Robert Crawford, d. d.,
of 1 >eertield.
McL1<:aN, Rev. J.\MES, over the Ch. in
Hampton, N. II., Dec. 15. Sermon by
Rev. Charles R. Palmer, of Salem, Mass.
MILES, Rev. THOMAS N., over the Ch. in
Winsted, Conn., Nov. 10.
PARSONS. Rev. HENRY M., over I lie
Union Ch. in Boston. Mass., Deo. 1. Ser-
mon by Kev. Julius 11. Seelye, d. d., of
Amherst College. Installing Prayer by
Rev. Edmund K. Alden, D. D., of tioutli
Boston.
PaT I'EN, Rev. MOSES, over the Ch. in Car-
lisle, Ma«s., Oct. 27. Sermon by Rev.
Charles R. Bli.ss, of Waketield. Install-
ing Prayer by Rev. Eliliu Loomis, of Lit-
tleton.
PIERCE, liev. ASA C, over the Ch. in
Br )oktield. Conn., Oct. 19. Sermon by
Rev. Nabum Gale, D. D., of Lee, Mass.
POND, Rev. BliNJAMIN W., over the Ist
Ch. in York. Me., Sept. 28. Sermon by
Rev. William M. Harnour. D. D., of Bau-
gor Seminary. Installing I'rayer by Rev.
John D. Kingsbury, of Bradford, Mass.
RICHARDSON, Rev. MERRILL, over the
New England Ch. in New York City,
Nov. 10. Sermon bv Rev. William
i87i.]
Congregational Quarterly Record.
lOI
H. H. Murrnv. of 'Boston.Mass. Install-
ins^ Pi:iyer by Rev. Kay Palmer, D. D., of
New York.
ROOT, Rev. EDWARD W., over the Ch. in
P.atavia, 111., Nov. 29. Sf^rmon by K<-v.
Franklin W.Fisk, d. d., of Chicago Sem-
inary.
ROYCK. Rev. L. R.. over the Ch. in Elkhart,
Iiid.. Nov. 8. Sermon by Rev. E. P.
Powell, of Adrian, Mich.
SAVAGE. Rev. WIUJAM H., ovor the Ch.
in Jacksonville, 111.. Oct. 9. Sermon by
Rev. John K. McLean, of Sprinfffleld.
Installing I'rayer by Rev. Henry D. Piatt,
of Brisihtou.
SEA GRAVE. Rev. JAMES C, over the
Ch. in East Marshflcld. Mass., Sept. 27.
Sermon by liev. Henry B. Hooker, D.D., of
Boston. Installing Prayer by Rev. Abel
G Duncan, of Bridgewater.
SHERWIN, Rev. JOHN C, over the Ch. in
Menomonee, Wis, Oct. 23. Sermon by
Rev. Leonard L. Radcliff, of La Crosse.
ST.VNTO.N. Rev. GEORGE P.. over the 2d
Ch.il. South Weymouth, Mass., Oct 27.
Sermon by Rev. .James H. Means, of Bos-
ton, Dorchester District. Installing
Prayer by Kev. Ezekiel Russell, D. D.,
of East Randolph.
STILES, Rev. EDMUND R., over the Ch.in
Manchester, lo. Sermon by Rev. Joel S.
Bingham, D. n., of Dubuque.
8TOWE. Rev. JOHN M., over the Ch. in
Hubbardston, Mass.. Sept.. 14. Sermon
by the liev. Elijah Harmon, of Winches-
ter. K. H. Installing Prayer by Rev.
Lewis Sal)in,D. d.. of Templeton.
TENNEY, Rev. HENRY M.,ovcr the Ch. in
Winona, Minn. Sermon by Rev. Ameri-
cns Fuller, of Rochester. Installing
Praver by liev. Richard Hall, of St. Paul.
THACHER. Rev. ISAIAH Cover the Ch.
in Wareham. Mass.. Oct. 27. Sermon by
Rev. Alonzo H Quint, d. d. of New Bed-
ford. Installing Prayer by Rev. Leander
Cobb, of Marion.
TIM LOW, Rev. H. R.. over the Ch.in Wal-
pole, Mass., Sept. 28. Sermon by Rev.
Alexander McKenzie, of Cambridge.
VORCE. Rev. J. H., over the Ch. in South
Meriden. Conn.
WHI'l'TLESEY, Rev. MARTIN K., over the
Ch. in Alton, IIL, Oct. IS. Installing
Prayer by Rev. Moses M. Longley, of
Greenville.
WILLIAMS, Rev. EDWIN S.. over the Free
Ch. in Aiidover. Mass., Nov. 9. Sermon
by Rev. James W. Strong, of Northfield
College, Minn. Installing Prayer by Rev.
Charles Smith, of Andover.
WILLIAMS, liev. M. IL, over the Plymouth
Ch. in Portland, Me.. Nov. 29. Sermon
by Rev. John S. Sewall, of Bowdoin
College.
WINES. Rev. C. MAURICE, over the 4th Ch.
in Hartford. Conn., Dec. 6. Sermon by
Rev. .Vlexander li. Thompson, o. i>., of
New York. Installing Prayer by Jona-
than Brace, D. d.. of Hartford.
WOOD, Rev. WILL C. over the Ch. in
Wenham. Mass., Oct. 19. Sermon by
Rev. Isaiah C. Tliacher, of Wareham.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Orpheus T.
Lanphear, of Beverly.
BOARDMAN, Rev. M. BRADFORD, from
the Ch. ii Lv'i'i'ield. Mass.. Nov. 7.
BOSS, Rev. TiiOM AS M., from the Ch. in
Lvoiis. lo., Nov. 22.
CHAMBKRLIN, Rev. WILTJAM .\.. from
the Ch. in Beard^town. III.. Oct. 8.
CHANDLER, Rev. AUGUSTUS, from the
Ch. ill Dummerston, Vt.. Aug. 24.
CLAGGETT, liev. ERASTUS B.. from the
Ch. in Lyndeboro'. N. H., Sept 20.
COBB, Rev. ASAHEL, from the 1st Ch. in
New Bedford, Mass.. Nov. 16.
CROSS, Rev. MOSES K., from the Ch. in
Waverly. lo., Dec. .31.
DAGGETT, Rev. OLIVER E., D. D., from
the Ch. in Yale College, Sept. 27.
DOREMUS, Rev. ANDREW, from the Ch. in
R.antoul, 111.. Dec. 12.
DORMAN. Rev. LESTER M., from the Cn.
in Manchester. Conn.
DUNHAM. Rev. SAMUEL, from the Ch. in
West Brookiield. Mass.. Oct. 27.
FAY, Rev. HENRY C. from the Ch. in Hub-
bardston, Mass.. Sept. 14.
FITTS, Rev. JAMES H., from the Ch. in
West Boylston, Mass.. Oct. 11.
FREAR, Rev. WALTER, from the Ch. in
Santa Cruz, Cnl.
FRENCH, Rev. J. CLEMENT, from the Cen-
tral Ch. in Brooklvn, N. Y.. Dec. 8.
GAYLORD, Rev. WILLIAM L., from the
Pearl St. Ch. in Nashua, N. H., Oct.
GOULD, Rev. GEORGE H., D. d., from the
IstCh. in Hartford. Conn., Oct. 11.
HAYES, Rev. STEl'HEN H., from the Ch.
in South Weymouth. Mass., Nov. 17.
HOLBROOK. Rev. JOHN C, d. d., from
the Ch. in Homer, N. Y.. Sept. 5.
KIMBALL, Rev. JAMES P., from the Ch.in
Falmouth. Mass., Nov. 17.
KINNEY, Rev. MARTIN P.. from the 2d
Ch. in Rockford. 111.. Sept. 14,
MARSH, Rev. A. F., from the Ch.in Roches-
ter. N. H., Oct. 18.
PARKER. Rev. WOOSTER, from the Ch.in
Belfast, Me., Nov. 14.
PARSONS, Rev. HENRY M., from the 1st
Ch. in Springflold, Mass.. Nov. 6.
PERKINS, Rev. FRANCIS B., from the Ch.
in Jamaica Plain. Ma.ss., Sept. 22.
PUTN.\M, Rev. GEORGE P., from the Ch.
in Yarmouth. Me., Nov. 9.
RICHARDSON, Rev. ALVAH M., from tKe
Ch. in Linebrook, (Ipswich,) Mass.,
.Nov. 3.
RICHARDSON. Rev. MERRILL, from the
Salem St. Ch. in Worcester, Mass., Sept.
22
SA.VDERS. Rev. CLARENDON M.. from
the M:iyflower Ch. in Indianapolis, Ind.,
Nov. 13.
SMITH, Rev. AZRO A., from the Ch. in
Lowell, Vt., Oct. 18.
STRONG. Rev. JAMES W., from the Ch. in
Faribault, Minn.. Oct 12.
TENNEY, Rev. EDWARD P.. from the Ch.
in Top.sfield. Mi-s., Sept. 30.
TENNEY. Rev. HENRY M., from the Vil-
hige (Jh. in Dorchester, Mass., Sept. 21.
TITT'S. Rlv. EUGENE H., from the Ch. in
Bethel. Me., Dec. 7.
WELLS, Rev. GEOllGE H., from the Ch. ia
Amboy, 111., Dec. 12.
MINISTERS DISMISSED.
1870.
BACON, Rev WILLIAM P., from the Ch.
in Amesbury, Mass., Sept. 20.
MINISTERS MARRIED.
1870.
BOARDMAJN — WITHINGTON. In New-
bury, Mass., Nov. 1, Rev. Joseph Board-
I02
Congregational Quarterly Record.
[Jan.
man. of Dracut, Mass.. to Miss Mary N.
Wilhington. of Xewbury.
BRADFORD — STEPHKN8. In Little
Falls. N. Y.. Sept. 22. Rev. Amory H.
Bnidford to Mitss Julia Stevens.
BULFINOH— THURLOW. In Lfwiston.
Me., Rev. Joliu Bulfiiich to Miss Emeiine
D. Thurlow.
CRUrCKSHAN'KS— W.\RD. In gpenoer.
Mass., Sept. 27. Rev. James Cnn'ckshanks
to Miss Susan C. Ward, both of Spencer.
DICKERM.VN — STREET. In Lowell.
Mass.. Rev. G. Sherwood Diekcrman, of
West Haven, Conn., to Miss Elizabeth M.
Stn et, of Lowell.
DUNCAN -ESTES. In Scotland (Bridge-
water). Mass., Oct. 2, Kev. Abel G. Duii-
c.in to Miss Aluiira Es'.es. both of Briilge-
water.
EASTMAN— CRAXE. In Berkley, Mass.,
Nov. 1.5, Rev. Lui-iii.* R. Eastman, jr.. of
East Sonierville, to Miss Rebecca I. Crane,
of Berkley.
HARRIS — STEARNS. In Windham. Vt.,
Oet. 3. Rev. Stephen Harris, of AVest
Sulficld. Conn., to Jennie A. Stearns, of
Windhafii.
HUNTINGTON —HERBERT. In Chicago.
111.. Dec. 8. Rev. Henry S. Huntingtonrof
Warner, N. U., to Mary L. Herbert, of
Chicago.
INGII-IM — PHELPS. In Poquonock.
Conn.. Nov. .3. Rev. Samuel Ingham, of
Andover, to Miss Lou P. PhelpsTof Lock-
port, N. Y.
LATHROP — LITTELL. In Tom ah, Wi^.,
Sept. 6. Rev. Stanley K. Lalhrwp, of Vi-
roqua, to Miss Elizabeth Littell, of
Tomah.
Mcculloch -BUEL. Sept. S. Rev. O.S-
car C. McCuUoch to Miss Agnes M. BueL
McLEOD — DAVIS. In Perry. Me.. Oct. 2L
Rev. Andrew J. McLeod, of Yarmouth,
Nova Scotia, to Miss Priscilla C. Davis,
of Perry.
PACKARD — FORD. In Winona. Minn.,
Nov. 10, Rev. Edward N. Packard, of
Evanston. III., to Mi.ss Mary E. Ford, of
Winona.
PADDOCK — brooks. In Chicago, 111.,
Oct. 24, Rev. (ieorge A. Paddock. of Leb-
anon, Mo., to Mi.ss Mary N. Brooks.
REED — LYON. lu New Orleans. La.,
Sept. 14. Rev. Myron W. Reed, to Miss
F. Louise Lyon, both of New Orleans.
SMITH — SMITH. In Concord, N. H.. Oct.
IK Rev. Isaiah 1". Smitli, of Paxton,
Mass., to Miss Clara R. Smilh, of Can-
dia.
VOLENTINE — PICKARD. In Chicago,
111.. Sept. 28. Rev. Thomas J. Vohntine,
of Chiimpaign, to Miss ^Vlice E. I'ickard,
of Chicago.
WALKER— EARNED. In New Haven,
Conn., Sept. 15, Rev. George L. Wnlker.
n. D., to Miss Amelia R. Earned, both of
New Haven.
W^T.LIAMS — G.VYLORD. In Chicago,
III.. Oct. M. Rev. Jnhn M. Wil iams. of
Wauitnn, Wis., to Miss Hatlie E. Gay-
lord, of Chicago.
MINISTERS DECEASED.
1870.
BURGESS, Rev. EBENEZER, in Dedham,
Mass., Dec. 5. aged 80 yeais.
CLARK, Rev. LEWIS F., in Whitiusville,
Mass., (.)ct. 13. aged 58 years.
GLEED. Rev. JOHN, in Morrisville, Vt.,
Sept 27, aged 85 years.
HEBARD. Rev. GEORGE D. A., in Oska-
loosa, lo., Dec. 14.
HESS. Rev. RILEY J., in Grand Rapids,
Mich.
HILL. Rev. JAMES J., in Fayette lo., Oct.
20.
MASON, Rev. STEPHEN, in Marsh.a!l.
Mich., Nov, 8. aged 82 years.
MORGAN Rev. CHAliLES, in East Troy.
Wis., Dec.
PENNINGTON, Rov. JAMES W. C, D. D.,
in .Jacksonville, Fla.
RICHaHDS, Rev. GEORGE, in Bridgeport,
Coun.. Oct. 21.
ROOD, Hev THOMAS H., in Westfleld,
Mass., Sept. 28, aged 47 vears.
SANDS, Rev. W. D., in Westfield, Mass.,
Nov.
S LO A N, Rev. SAMUEL P., in McGregor, lo.,
Oct. 29, aged 41 years.
STONE, Rev. BENJAMIN P., D. D., in
Concord. N. IL. Nnv. 26. aged 68 years.
STO.NE, Rev. COLLINS, in Hartford, Conn.,
Dec. 23. aged 58 vears.
TORREY, Rev. REUBEN, in Providence.
R. I., Sept. 28, aged 81 years.
WALKEli. Rev. CHARLES, d d., in Ring-
liamton, N. Y., Nov. 28, aged 79 years.
WICKES. Rev. THOMAS, D. D., in Orango,
N. J.. NOV. 10.
WOODFOKD, Rev. OSWALL L.. in West
Avon. Conn., Oct 21. aged 42 years.
WOf)DHULL. Rev. GEORGE L., in Onawa,
lo., Oct. 1, aged 37 years.
MINISTERS' WIVES DECEASED.
1870.
ADAMS. Mrs. •CATHARINE L , wife of
Rev. Thomas, iu AugiLsta, Me., Nov. 28,
aged 73 years.
ALLEN, Mrs, MERCY D., wife of the late
Rev. Jacob, in Providence, R. I., Aug. 3.
DRAKE. Mr''. , wife of Hev. Cyrus B..
D. D., in Roj-alton, Vt., Nov. 6.
HAND, Mrs, KHODA IL, wife of the late
Rev. Richard C, in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
March 27.
DAWSON, Mrs. .wife of Rev. J. B..
in Hartford. O.
HOOKER, Mrs. LUCY B., wife of Rev.
Edward W., D. D., in Newburyport,
Mass., Nov. 11.
MARTIN", Mrs. - — . wife of Rev. Moses
M., in Stoughton, Wis.
PAGE Mrs.FAXNIEIL.wifeof Rev. B O.,
in Greei'woi:d, Mo., Oct, 30. aged 28 years.
ST. CLAIR. Mrs. ELIZA S., wife of Rev.
Almson, iu Hart, Mich., Sept. 24, a^ed
67 years.
SCIIAEFKER, Mrs. , wife of Rev.
Josinh G., in Sharon, Wis , Nov. 3.
WASTELL, Mrs. SARAH 8., wife of Rev.
. W. P., in St. Clair, Mich., Nov. 25.
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Association. 103
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL ASS^OCIATION.
A GOODLY number of our churches are responding liberally to the
appeals which have been made upon this page of the Quarterly and
otherwise, in behalf of the Congregational House. The interests in-
volved in its erection, and the importance of its speedy occupancy, as
proposed, are now better understood than ever before. Letters daily
reaching our table, give the strongest assurance that this object has
found a place in many a Christian heart. Remittances of one dollar, two,
three, five, and even as high as twenty-five dollars, have been made from
those who have very little upon which to live, and much less to give
away ; and with these have come many an encouraging word of sym-
pathy and pledges of prayer in our behalf. Every such remittance and
word of cheer, is very assuring, and inspires the hope that those able
to give largely, will be persuaded to forward their larger amounts.
It seems not to be understood, even yet, by all, that this effort for a
Congregational House, is not a Boston effort, is not a " Boston notion,"
is not for Boston, though it must be in Boston. Boston, for itself,
does not need it, nor does it ask anybody to give a dollar in behalf of
this house, for its — Boston's — sake. Thus, is it strange that Boston
givers, in large amounts, are waiting for such expressions of interest in
this object from the churches oid of Boston, as will convince them that
the house is wanted by our churches generally ; that it is a denomi-
national necessity, and felt to be such to a degree that it will com-
mand general contributions, fairly liberal ? Givers here are willing to
take a very large share of the large amount wanting, whetiever the
membership of our churches in the regions beyond this little circle will
give, so as to insure success when they add their larger amounts.
But many, too many, outside, are saying, " We will give whe7i Boston
does," and thus the object is in straits. Numbers here have inquired
— and some again and again — as to the receipts from the churches
in other cities, and in the country generally, waiting only reasonable
returns from those to make their own large gifts. And so, one is
holding back for the other. Now, let it be borne in mind, that this
Congregational House is for all ; that Boston wants it only because
the denomination needs and ought to want it enough to make one fair,
generous contribution for it, and that when they will do this no effort
will be wanting on the part of Boston churches to make up the large
balance which will, even then, surely exist. There will be, there can be,
no failure, when the churches thus respond.
It is earnestly desired that the churches which have not yet taken, or if
taken, have not forwarded their one, generous memorial gift, should do
so at their earliest convenience. It is not asked that any other good ob-
ject should be displaced for this, but' that an especial effort be made in
this behalf, once for all, in every Congregational church where it has not
been done, and that the same be forwarded to
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY,
40 Winter street, Boston, Mass.
104
Ametican Congregational Union.
[Jan.
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
In the outlook upon the condition and interests of the Congregational
churches to which the American Congregational Union is called, there is
much at the present time to encourage, and some things to excite serious
concern. The number of churches is rapidly increasing. The new churches
organized for the last three years have averaged about two a week.
But the number of ministers is relatively, if not actually, on the decline.
Fifty-five ministers of our denomination died the past year. Others, not a
few, have, by untoward circumstances, been turned aside from ministerial
work to secular occupations ; while the supply of ministers from our liter-
ary institutions is so scanty as to occasion sad forebodings.
There is an increasing disposition in churches which have the means,
or can command the credit, to build expensive houses of worship, and so
raise their current expenses as practically to exclude the poor. And then
the amount of such investment, or their burdensome debt, is made an
excuse for declining to help poor churches, which are struggling to pro-
vide for themselves a shelter.
Still the Union is not without encouragement in its special work of
church-erection. The following appropriations have been paid to aid in
erecting houses of worship, since those reported in the Congregational
Quarterly for October, 1870 : —
Sherman,
Maitie,
(special)
$1,387 22
South Seabrooke,
N.H.,
(loan)
500 00
Waverly (Belmont),
Mass.,
(special)
65 00
Ray Centre,
Mich.,
300 00
U <(
«
(special)
80 00
Hancock,
«
(loan)
500 00
Aledo,
///.,
450 00
((
«
(special)
332 00
Chicago,
« (Park church)
(balance
of loan) 500 00
Augusta,
Wis.,
150 00
Lansing Ridge,
Iowa,
275 00
Black Hawk,
ti
350 CO
u n
<(
(special)
105 00
Fayette,
((
400 00
«
«
(special)
134 00
Geneva Bluffs,
tt
320 00
Fort Scott,
Kan.,
(special)
770 25
Leavenworth,
" (3d Cong, church)
350 00
u
u
(special)
150 00
Soquel,
Cat.,
450 00
$7,568 47
The number of unsheltered churches is increasing every week, and new
applicants for aid are pressing their claims. Will not the pastors and
churches listen to their plea as the call of God ?
Ray Palmer, Corresponding Sec7'etary,
49 Bible House, New York.
Christopher Cushing, Corresponding Sca-etary,
16 Tremont Temple, Boston.
N. A. Calkins, Treasurer,
146 Grand Street, New York.
THE ANNUAL STATISTICS
OF THE
American Congregational Ministers
and Churches,
AS COLLECTED IN THE YEAR 1870.
io6 Statistics. [Jan.
AUTHORITIES AND EXPLANATIONS.
T. Authorities. The publications of the several General Associations or
Conferences in 1870 are reproduced in the following tables, with reports in manu-
script from sections where none are printed.
The changes in thus reproducing are these : The lists of churches given in the
State reports by Associations, Conferences, or Counties, are here rearranged in
alphabetical order for each State, including those churches, and those only [except
in brackets] in existence at the date of the State reports. State organizations do
not always correspond with State boundaries ; and churches reported by a State
organization other than their ow-n are transferred to their proper place (which
changes the " total churches " given in State Minutes), so as to give the exact
statistics of each State. The order of columns of figures, slightly varying in
different States, is made uniform. The tables, as furnished, are carefully scrutin-
ized, and sometimes amended by correspondence with the secretaries. The
names of pastors and acting pastors are insei ted or erased, according to changes
occurring since the printing of the State publications, and down to the time
of the printing of these pages. The first names of ministers are inserted in
the " List of Ministers," often at great expense of time ; but initials are left
in the tables as printed in the State Minutes. No alterations of figures are
ever made (except in correcting errors on proper authority) ; but the Totals
of several States are altered by the transfers of churches above mentioned.
"Last year's reports" are invariably omitted; but the aggregate of such, for
all churches this year enumerated but making "no report," is included in
the Summary of each State (if such church has reported within three years) ;
which also often affects the Summaries. Omissions or insertions of names of
pastors or acting pastors, on account of changes subsequent to the printing of the
State Minutes, are not allowed to alter the Summaries then given, in respect to the
pastoral relation. Nor is the insertion of nauies, erased as pastors, in the several
lists of " other ministers," allowed to change the original counting of those lists ;
but they are altered by the transfer of names of ministers reported by a State body
from whose territory they have removed to the State where they actually reside.
A blank signifies, invariably, " no report." and is never equivalent to " none."
IL Explanations. As to churches: towns are arranged in alphabetical order
in each State ; churches in each town according to age ; and of each church, — ist,
its town ; 2d, its name or number ; 3d, its locality in the town.
As to viinistn-s : the jDosition of all in pastoral work is designated when reported.
Pastors (settled or installed), by "p."; others, by " s. s." (stated supply), " s. p."
(stated preacher), or "a. p." (acting pastor), — which three terms, used in different
States, are equivalent to each other. But when, in any State, some are marked " p.",
and others are not marked, these others are all " s. s." ; and so conversely. The
two dates following "ministers" denote, respectively, the year of ordination and
that of commencing labor with the church mentioned. "Licentiates" are not
reckoned as ministers. Churches supplied by " licentiates," or by ministers of
other denominations, are reckoned as vacant ; but the names of such are inserted
in brackets, and the fact and number are mentioned in the Summary of each State.
Post-office addresses are to be found in the general alphabetical " List of Ministers "
following, and not in the tables.
Ks X.0 church-members : li\\& mov\.\\\ of reckoning differs in different States, as
will be seen by noticing the headings to each page. " Absent " are included in
" males," " females," and " totals." " Additions," " Removals," and " Baptisms "
cover the twelve months preceding the date given in the headings of each State.
As to SaJibath Schools: the entire membership at the mentioned date is given
not the "average attendance," except when specially mentioned.
C/;(r«^^j in the lists of churches — names of those added and those dropped
from the lists — are given with the Summary of each State ; and also the organ-
izations into which the churcnes or ministers are associated, and the number of
ordinations, etc., in each State during the statistical year.
Items not common to all the States, but collected in any, are merely aggregated
in the Summary of each State.
18/1.]
Statistics. — Maine.
107
THE STATISTICS OF THE CHURCHES.
MAINE.
CH
memb'rs.
A dm
t'd] Removals.
BAPl
. OC
Churches.
^
Ministers. r-
0
•6
May 1, 18
70,
1869-70.
^ ^ .
1S69-7C
.
•6:^-70. 5
0
'c
z
^
"3
<
~g
^
0
<
QC
g
i
0
^
v^
5
33
<
Place and Name
'^
Name. "£
£
S
0
Oj
c
"S/
C
X
0
t£
0
J
■^
0
is
0
C
r
■3
fe
r-
-r;
P-,
rH
P^
W
r-
<
1— I
1— 1
Abbot and Guilford 1841
r^. W.Sheldon, s.s. '24
'70
3
9
12
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Acton ,
1781
W. S. Thompson, s .s. '«0
'69
19
36
55
17
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
3
64
Albany,
1803
Saml.L.GouId.s.s. '39
'56
16
32
48
15
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
90
Alexander,
1854
Vacant.
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Alfred,
1791
George Lewis. R.s. '65
'69
23
70
93
25
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
73
Aliia,
1796
G.B. Richardson, s.s i'o7
'66
11
45
56
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
Amherst & Aurora
, 183IJ
Henry S. Loring, s.s. 'aO
'07
8
16
24
6
0
0
0
■>
0
1
0
0
(1
9tl
Andover,
1800
Vacant.
33
51
84
13
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
72
Anson,
1804
Vacant.
21
40
61
20
4
0
4
1
1
0
0
4
0
40
Athens,
1867
Alex. R.Plumer, s.s. '54
'68
16
28
44
00
16
3
19
1
0
0
1
12
1
80
Atkinson,
1842
Vacant.
4
11
15
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Auburn,
1S2H
George Harris, jr. '69
'69
91
190
281
49
4
18
22
2
6
0
8
4
0
302
" West,
1844
Alpha Morton, s.s. '44
•63
65
79
144
61
0
0
0
1
10
0
11
0
0
90
Angusta,
1794
Vacant.
79
2:0
309
60
5
1
6
6
6
0
12
2
8
450
Baldwin,
1821
Vacant.
n
11
15
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Bangor, 1st,
ISll
S.P.Newm'nSmyth,'r,8
'70
64
204
268
42
3
8
11
3
0
0
3
1
0
221
" H'm'nd st
.,1833
Solomon P. Fav, '49
'66
96
229
325
41
y
8
17
3
8
0 11
5
4
325
" Central,
1847
George W. Field, '53
'64
91
168
259
40
3
13
16
6
3
0
9
2
0
.370
Bath, Winter St.,
1795
John 0. Fiske, '43
'43
101
256
357
74
15
4
19
13
3
0 If
9
9
319
" Central,
1835
William C. Hart,
'70
55
142
197
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
'0
0
140
Belfast, 1st,
1796
Wooster Parker, '32
'56
24
87
111
15
1
2
3
1
0
0
1
1
0
70
•' North,
xS46
[T. F. Chambers, Lie]
'70
12
25
37
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Benton,
1858
Vacant.
5
22
27
4
0
1
1
0
0
0
c
0
0
70
Bethel, 1st,
1799
Eugene II. Titus, '66
'69
47
93
140
28
7
5
12
0
0
0
2
6
0
108
2d,
1849
D.avid Giirlan.l, '49
'49
25
54
79
11
1
0
1
0
3
0
3
0
2
85
Biddeford, Ist,
1730
[Ludwig Wnlfsen, Lie]
'70
24
56
80
25
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
00
" 2d,
1805
.John D. Emerson, '58
'68
67
169
236
20
10
1
11
4
2
0
6
9
4
290
" Pavilion,
1857
Charles Tenney, '44
'58
36
128
164
34
6
1
7
1
4
0
5
3
2
175
Bingham.
1805
[Wm. H. Rand, Lie]
'69
22
30
52
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
Blanchard,
1833
R. W. Emerson, s.s. '56
'68
15
20
35
13
0
0
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
54
Bluehill,
1772
Vacant.
40
73
113
00
0
3
3
1
1
1
0
0
1
75
Boothbay, Ist,
1766
And. J. Smith, s.s. \ '66
'PS
12
21
33
3
3
0
3
1
0
0
1
2
0
40
2d,
184S
And. -J. Smith, s.s. \ '6G
•68
20
30
50
17
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
98
Bremen,
1829
Vacant.
0
10
1.1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Brewer, 1st,
1800
S J. R. Herrick, s.s. '.'4
{ W.M.Barbour, s.s. '61
'69
'69
42
93
135
30
3
0
3
1
0
0
1
3
2
150
" Village,
1843
None.
19
56
75
16
0
0
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
125
Bridgton,
1784
[Kdwin P. Wilson, Lie]
'69
39
90
120
15
7
3
10
1
3
0
4
^
0
125
" North,
1832
Ernest F. Borchers, \ '69
'69
l3
39
52
00
3
1
4
1
0
0
]
.->
0
40
" (50uth,
1829
Addison Blaochard, '68
'68
2'
44
71
lU
8
2
10
2
0
0
2
1
0
100
Bristol, 1st,
1796
Vacant.
9
16
25
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
00
" 2d,
1855
Vacant.
8
16
24
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
*40
Brooksvillc, West,
1S26
N. Richardson, s.s. '38
•69
25
60
85
10
1
0
1
2
1
0
3
1
0
90
Brownfii'1'1,
1804
[E. S. Tinglcy, Lie]
'70
18
29
47
7
0
0
0
2
0
0
•2
n
0
44
Brnwnvilie,
1819
Leander S. Coan, '63
'67
53
100
15.-^
22
2
1
3
1
1
0
0
1
1
250
Brunswif-k,
1747
Vacant.
81
202
283
95
0
c
0
0
0
0
C
0
0
216
Bucksjinrt,
18-3
Willinm Forsyth, '70
'70
31
93
124
35
0
1
1
3
2
0
0
0
0
160
Burlington,
1S27
Vacant.
10
15
25
2
u
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
Buxton,
17G3
Charles H. Gates, s.s. '.51
'68
21
69
90
3
6
1
T
3
1
0
4
5
0
100
" Centre,
1763
.Joseph Smith, s.s. '42
•68
17
43
60
15
3
1
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
65
Calais,
18-25
W. ("arrnthcrs, p.e. '57
'68
46
143
189
0
3
2
5
4
3
0
7
0
1
163
Camden, Elm st..
1805
H. Allen Shorey, '1 5
'69
36
93
129
16
4
0
6
3
2
0
5
4
0
150
Cape Elizabeth,
1734
Henry M VniU, s.s. '61
'65
6
29
35
1
6
?
8
0
0
0
0
4
0
100
" Welsh, Ligonia 18(59
Thos. E. Dnvies, s.s.
'70
21
28
49
0
5
15
20
1
5
3
9
0
10
100
C,">ribou,
1869
Fr'klin D. Austin.s.s. '53
'67
5
5
10
0
4
6
10
0
0
0
0
3
0
*75
Carmel,
1853
iVo nirlinances.
1
8
9
8
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Carr'l & Springfield 18 (6
Vacant.
8
12
20
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
Caseo,
1SG4
[ A. B. Jordan ,Llcen.]
'70
9
14
23
6
(]
1
1
2
0
0
2
0
(1
*80
Caetine,
1820
Alfred E.Ives, '38
'55
18
69
87
8
4
0
4
2
5
0
t
4
0
1.30
Cherry field,
1833
[Jas.R. Tyler, Licen.]
■70
4
10
14
1
1
1
2
5
0
0
5
0
0
*50
Chestorville,
1700
V.ncant'.
7
13
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
dO
Clinton,
1858
Vacant.
2
5
7
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
4C
io8
Statistics. — Maine.
[Jan.
Chdrcites.
Place and Name.
Ministers.
N'ame.
CH. ME.MB'as. Admt'd Removals bapt.j^
May 1, 1S70.
1869-70.
.-A ,
1869-70.
Cooper,
Cornish Village,
Cumberlaad,
Dedham,
Deer Isle, 1st,
2d,
Denmark,
Dennysville,
Dexter,
Dixfleld,
1841
1773
1858
1829
1805
1834
1806
Dixm'iit & Plym'th 1861
Durham,
East|)oit, Central,
Efl^ecomb,
Elliot,
Ellsworth,
Falmouth, 1st,
2d,
Farmington,
1796
1819
1783
1721
1812
1754
1830
1814
Fort Fairfipld,
Foxoroft & Dover
Frankfort,
Freedom,
Freeport,
South,
Fryeburg,
Gardiner,
Garland,
Gilead,
Gorham,
Gray,
Grponville,
Hallowell,
H-irapden,
Harpswell,
Harrison,
Fliram,
Falls, 1859
1844
1822
1S51
1858
1789
1857
1775
183=
1810
1818
1750
1803
1869
1791
1817
1753
1826
1826
Hodgdon &Linneu8l84.'
Holden, 1825
Hi'ulton, 1833
Industry, 1808
I-land Falls, 1859
Isle au Haut, 1857
Jackson & Brooks, 1812
Jonest'oro', 1840
Kenduskeaar, 1834
Kennebunk, Union, 1826
Kennebunkport. 1730
So. 1838
Kittery, First, 1714
Lebanon, 1765
Lee, 1863
Lewiston, Pine-st. 1854
Limerick,
Limliigton,
Lincoln,
Lisbon,
Litchfield,
Lovell,
Lubcc,
Lvman,
Machias, Centre-st
'• East,
" Port,
Madison,
" East,
Mechanic Falls,
Mercer,
1795
1789
1831
1839
1811
1798
1818
1801
1782
1826
1831
1826
1858
1810
1822
'70
'69
'33
'31
'51
'63
1826 [A.K.Adams.Liceu.]
1840| Albert Cole. s.s. '4
1793 Uriah W. Small, s.s. '59
James Wells, '49
Hiram Houston, s.s. '50
Henry B. Hart, '69
[E.S.Tingley.Licen.]
Ohas. Whittier, '60
[W. Forsyth, Licen.]
John Elliot, s s. '31
Wm. S. Sewall, s.s. '39
F. A. Johnson, s.s.
Thos. E. Babb, s.s.
Joseph Loring, s.s.
Vacant.
Sewall Tenney,
John C. Ad.iiA-i, 8.8.
Wm. H.Haskell, s.s.
Vacant.
Vacant.
Fr'klin D. .Austin, s.s.
John H. Guraey,
Vacant.
rC. A. Yonns, Licen
John J. Bultinch,
Horatio ILsley, s.s.
Davnd B. Sewall,
.■\u.«tin L. Park,
Peter B. Thayer,
Hy. Richardson, s.s. '31
Charles C. I'arker, '48
Ehenezer Bean, '62
Jaraes Cameron, s.s. '70
Chas. G. McCnlly, '60
Steph.L.Bowler.'s.s. '.53
.Joth'm B. Sewall, 8.8. '.55
Ernest F. Borchers, \ '69
[R. H. Davis, L'n.]
fEd. R. Osgood, L'n.]
-Joseph 8. Cogswell, '68
fEd. R. Osgood, L'n.]
Stephen Titcomb, s.s. '55
.Jon'h.-xn G. Leavitt, '70
Js. P. Hallowell, 8.8. '54
[.\ . N. Jones, Licen.]
Vacant.
[Ed. G. Smjth. Licen.]
Walter E. Darling, '62
Thos. N. Lord, s.s. '37
•Jno. W. Savage, s.s.
S. S. Drake, s.s.
John Parsons,
Vacant.
Uriah Balkani,
Thos. N. Lord, s.s.
[S. W. Pearson, Licen.]
Vacant.
Vacant.
Josiah T. Hawes, s.s. '2S
[.JesseP.Sprowl, Licen.]
Vacant.
Wm. A. Merrill, s.s. '52
Hy. F. Harding, s.s. '55
fll. E. Harwood, Licen.]
Gilman Bacheller,8.8.'31
Thos.G.Mitchell.s.s. '46
Alex. R. Plumer, s.s. '54
R. J. Landgridge, s.s.
Sup. by students.
"70
'58
'70
'58
'68
69
'70
'60
'69
"67
'64
'68
'65
'35
'.59
69
'63
'34
'41
'3
'69
'70
'70
'68
'59
64
48
'61
'68
'63
'68
'67
'65
'69
'69
'70
'70
'68
"68
'70
'69
'70
'69
66
69
70
'68
'69
'56
'70
69
5
22
45
21
60
19
8
45
10
3
3
12
19
18
15
24
31
30
64
3
10
53
2
n
35
34
63
33
39
7
55
27
9
44
21
14
24
2
6
31
4
22
11
1
18
6
17
34
17
12
7
45
112
36
120
25
21
70
28
17
8
28
57
60
60
83
93
71
141
9
18
125
11
13
lOS
72
137
103
59
23
165
50
13
148
68
44
64
20
19
10
11
46
5
39
49
42
36
19
35
16
204
64
62
19
13
36
81
2
60
134
78
24
51
11
15
16
12
67
157
57
180
44
29
115
38
20
11
40
76
78
75
107
124
101
205
12
2S
178
13
24
143
106
200
136
98
30
220
77
22
192
89
58
49
10
14
95
24
41
21
12
64
11
56
83
59
44
27
57
24
290
94
89
21
16
64
1-27
3
97
189
119
42
81
13
23
28
00
19
1
1
8
24
10
00
00
7
24
18
11
27
19
28
23
2
7
31
00
8
16
20
49
19
15
3
50
00
00
26
25
16
21
3
0
22
9
14
5
4
12
9
13
00
16
6
2
20
8
32
24
15
11
0
18
24
0
14
20
33
9
28
00
a
8
30
60
50
75
98
45
25
190
40
40
75
50
60
00
00
155
120
60
199
100
*75
125
50
40
90
60
100
130
100
40
174
75
40
207
1.50
23
46
10
00
133
75
40
40
25
50
00
80
96
.50
50
60
80
60
310
00
100
50
40
125
75
00
90
280
200
65
72
75
Ol 50
0'*40
i87i.]
Statistics. — Maine.
109
CH. MEMB'RS.
Admt'd
Remova
Is
Chuhches.
•n
Ministers, ,^
?
May 1, 1870.
1869-70.
1869-70
'69-70. 3
OJ
' '
N
0 1
3
_2
>J
4^
ij
5
£
1^
cc
OL
p
<
Place and Name.
Name. ?
£
0
_ci
"3
S
CD
<
0
X
0
s
<
0
7i
0
X
"5
C
0
0
_6_
S
fe H
<
_: [
■h
S_[
hH
X
z^
^
1— t
hH
Minot,
1791
Jno. K. Deering, s.s. '50'
'69
39
88 125
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
~0
50
Minot.W. & Hebron 1802
Jno.K.Deeriiig, s.s. '50
'69
15
28 43
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
00
Monmouth,
18o3
D. A.Cushman, s.s.i '38
'70
15
22 37
13
3
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
70
Monsou,
1821
Amory H. Tyler, s.s. '.50
'70
47
16
63
10
0
i
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
60
Naples,
lS.i>.
[A. B. Jordan, Licen.]
O.B.Uichardson s.s. i '57
'70
3
13
16
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*50
Newcastle, 1st,
1799
'66
14
22
36
10
0
•2
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
60
21,
1344
W. S. Spuuldinu, '70
'70
48
109
157
24
1
0
1
3
6
0
9
1
3
154
Newfield, West,
18ul
Geo. 8. Kemp, 8.8. '56
'64
17
35
52
12
7
0
7
1
0
0
1
3
1
60
New GloucestLT,
1760
Wellington li. Cross, '65
'65
62
118
180
22
3
3
6
3
2
1
6
2
3
175
New Portland, N'th ISGi*
G. W. Hathaway, s.8.'33
'69
5
13
18
00
2
3
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
*75
New Sharon,
1801
Horace 'I'oothaker, '61
'64
55
86
141
25
2
2
4
1
2
0
3
1
0
120
New Vineyard,
1828
Vacant.
11
15
26
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
Norridijewock,
1797
Benjamin Tappan, '38
'53
37
88
125
30
2
2
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
160
Northfleld,
1836
fj. E. Walker, Licen.]
'69
4
6
10
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
North yarinouth.
180S
Benj. P. Snow, s.s. '70
'69
52
74
126
21
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
0
0
131
Norway, 1st,
1804
Thomas T. Merry, '64
'60
14
4-.>
56
16
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
3
50
" 2d,
1853
Thomas T. Merry, '64
'66
14
44
58
24
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
150
Oldtown,
1834
Smith Baker, jr., s.s. '60
'69
15
49
64
30
0
0
0
2
2
0
4
0
0
84
OrlaiKl,
1850
Tho. E. Brastow, s.s. '65
'69
18
65
73
12
2
2
4
0
2
0
2
2
1
125
l.>rono.
1826
Smith Baker, jr., '60
'68
21
65
86
20
5
1
6
1
0
0
1
1
1
2U0
Orrington, East,
1834
Vacant.
15
32
47
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
ti
0
0
80
Otisfield,
1797
PhiloB. Wilcox, 8.8. '51
'65
26
45
71
00
5
0
5
2
4
0
6
5
0
65
Oxford,
18213
Vacant.
11
28
39
25
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
41
Parsonsflcid,
1795
Vacant.
5
8
13
5
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
00
Passadumkeag,
1845
Vacant.
2
5
7
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
Patten,
1845
J. G. Leavitt, '70
'70
19
37
56
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
oi 0
50
Pembroke,
1835
Vacant.
6
16
22
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ol «
00
Perry,
1822
[And. J. McLeod, Lie]
'69
13
36
49
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Pliillips,
1822
Vacant.
12
15
27
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
II
40
Phipsburg,
1765
•James J. Bell, s.s. '52
'67
37
93
130
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
60
Pittston,
1812
D. Q.Ciishman, 8.8.| '38
'68
6
20
26
9
0
0
0
.)
1
0
3
0
0 35
Poland,
1825
Vacant.
3
12
15
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
' Second Parish
1787
•John J. Carruthcrs, '19
'46
72
250
322
22
9
9
18
2
5
3
10
4
3
250
,
High street.
1331
William H. Fcnn, '59
'66
102
256
358
91
14
9
23
3
14
1
18
9l 3
0I5
n3
Fourth (col'd).
1835
Saml. Harrison, s.s. '70
'66
4
9
13
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1
0
0
00
Bethel,
1840
Francis Southworth, '57
'66
61
72
133
43
11
3
14
3
3
2
8
•2
4
175
■£
State street.
1852
Ed. Young Hinks, '70
'70
91
240
331
30
2
7
9
6
7
0
13
i
5
400
(2
St. Lawrence st
.1858
Elijah Kellogg, s.s, '44
'70
35
81
116
30
5
2
7
1
6
0
7
0
4
200
WcstCong'lCh.l8t)2
W. F. Ober,'
'70
17
41
58
5
2
4
6
2
2
1
5
1
0
200
Plymouth,
1869
Vacant.
112
247
359
75
1
2
3
0
2,
0
21
0
0
180
Pownal,
1811
Charles L. Nichols, '61
'66
27
57
84
10
3
0
3
1
1
0
2
0
0
60
Presque Isle,
1865
F. D. Austin, s.s. '53
'67
7
10
17
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
60
Princeton,
1858
[John J. Blair, L'cen.]
'70
5
18
23
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
Richmond,
1827
Wm. C. Curtis, s.s. '63
'68
15
37
52
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
Robbinston,
1811
[Geo. W. Kelley, Lie]
'69
26
68
94
31
1
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
60
Rockland,
1838
Edwd.F. Cutter, s.s. '33
'63
4
82
86
21
5
1
6
2
0
0
2
3
1
130
Rockport,
1854
Vacant.
12
31
43
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Rumtord,
. 1803
John Elliot, s.s. '31
'59
U
19
30
00
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
50
Saco, 1st,
1762
Benson M. Frink, '62
'70
58
157
215
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
225
Sandy Point,
1839
Joseph Kyte. s.s. '62
'68
37
55
92
14
19
2
21
3
0
0
3
16
0
120
Sanford,
1780
Wm.V. Jordan, 8..a.l '36
'70
17
34
51
10
0
0
0
2
2
0
4
0
0
00
" South,
1786
Wm. V. Jordan, s.s.i '06
'70
9
24
33
3
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
50
Sangerville,
1823
Nath.W.Sheldon,s.s.'24
'70
4
11
15
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
*50
Scarboroujrh,
172S
Vacant.
24
44
68
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
8earsi)ort, 1st,
ISlo
Jonathan E. .\dams, '59
'66
37
113
150
19
2
1
3
2
0
1
3
1
6
125
2d,
1855
Joseph ivytc, s.s. '62
'68
10
30
40
3
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
75
Sedgw'k&Br'ksv'l
el 793
Vacant.
13
20
33
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
75
Sedgwick Village,
1847
Vacant.
8
11
19
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Shapk'igh,
1823
Vacant.
3
8
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Sherman,
1861
Wm. T. Sleeper, '54
'70
29
35
64
2
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
100
Sidney,
1829
Vacant.
5
8
13
10
0
0
(
6
0
0
6| 0
0
00
Skowhegan,
186'.
Web. Woodbury, s.s.'flS
'70
40
85
125
19
0
0
C
2
3
0
5 0
0
ISO
Solon,
1842
[Wm. H. Itand, Licen.]
'69
5
7
12
00
0
0
0
0
0
c
0! 0
0
65
" South,
Vacant.
4
20
24
00
0
0
c
0
0
11
I 0 0
0
no
So. Berwick,
1702
Silvanns JIajwnrd, '61
'66
26
93
119
32
4
0
4
4
3
(,
1 7, 2! ■•<
119
So. Paris,
1812
JolmB.WlieVriight, '50
'67
53
101
1.54
24
0
2
.-
2
10
c
12 0 0
170
St. xVlbans,
1830
Wm. S. Sewall, s.s. '39
'64
6
16
22
5
0
0
c
1
0
c
10 0
100
Standish,
1834
Saral. Hopkins, s.s. '31
''66
4
44
43
17
0
0
c
2
1
t
3 0 0
47
Sto
w and Chatham
,1861
Ezra B. Pike, s.s. '63
;'39
19
30
49
5
12
0
15
, 1
0
c
, 1
9
1
80
no
Statistics. — Maine*
[Jan.
Churches. S
'5
Place and Name, g)
(5
Ministers.
Name.
'3
c
■J
■c
u
r
c
0
■5
C
-a
2
b
0
•^
^-^
CH. MEMB'RS
May 1,1870.
Admt'd
1809-70.
lemovals
BAPl
1869-70.
'e.'.i-7o
^^ _,
--^^s^^
1.
£
Pi
<
X 1 X
5
Strong,
1810
bumiu-r.
1802
S-iveden,
1817
Temple,
IsOo
Thomas^ton,
1809
Topstield,
18J1
ToTishiim. First,
1789
Trom'tJc Ml. Desert 1722
Turner,
1803
U'lion,
1803
Unity,
1804
Upp'-r Stillwater,
1859
Untoii, First,
1862
Vasi^iilboro',
1818
Veazie,
18:i8
Waldoboro', 1st,
1807
2d,
18ftt5
Warren, 2d,
1828
Washiuglon,
1817
Walerford,
1799
" North,
1865
Waterville,
1S2S
■Weld,
1809
AVclls, 1st,
1701
" 2d,
18S1
We.nliroob, let,
170.1
2d,
1832
" Warren,
—
Rolling Mills,
1^69
Whiling,
lS3o
Wliitneyville,
1830
Wilton,
1818
Windham,
174a
Windsor,
1820
Winslow,
182^
Winterpirt,
ls2o
Wiuthrop,
1T76
Wiscassot,
1773
Woolwich,
1705
Yarmoutii, 1st,
1730
" Central,18.jy
York, Isl,
16,2
" 21,
1732
.J. Loring Pratt, s.s. '07
.A.masa iLoring, g.s. '42
[Jothara Sewall, Lie]
iSim'nHackett, s.s. '30
Javaii K. Mason, '49
[R. D. Osgood, Licen.]
i"f. J.8. Sewall,s.8. '59
Vacr.nt.
F. W. Dickinson, '68
F. V. Norcroas, '6
Vacant.
[M.C.Truo, Licen.]
D. Garland, e.s.
T. Adams, s.s.
[ M .C. True, Lioen .]
Vacant.
Vacant.
Edwin S. Beard,
Vacant.
J. A. Douglass,
W.W.Dow, s.s.
•T.W. H.Baker, 8.8.
Benj. A. Robie,
A. Maxwell, s.s.
L. Goodrich, s.s.
B. Southworth, s.s.
Vacant.
E. P. Thwing, s.s. '58
'49
'18
'63
'21
'60
'05
'66
'66
'60
J. E. Fullerton, s.s.
[C. W.Park, Licen.]
(J. E.Walker, Licen.]
J. Burnhara, s.s. '58
Luther Wiswall, '37
.Vo ordiiiiincen.
J. Dinsmore, s.s. '52
.Vbiel H. Wright, '00
K. P. Baker, s.s. '58
Geo. E. Street, '61
II. O.Thayer, s.s. '66
G. N. Marden, s.s.
T.acob .J. Abbott, '4.">
Benj .W. Pond, '62]
J. Fri-eman, u.s. '441'
•60
42
58
100
37
V
'70
25
58
83
23
0
'70
2.=>
29
54
14
1
'51
19
45
04
10
0
'64
23
105
1-28
27
1
'09
in
20
30
8
8
'69
30
6S
98
17
2
34
78
112
30
0
'68
40
78
118
34
4
'69
18
49
67
6
0
5
16
21
5
0
'70
5
21
26
3
0
'66
3
11
14
4
4
'64
4
31
35
9
0
'70
16
35
51
31
0
47
136
183
38
0
8
10
18
3
0
'64
48
109
157
33
1
5
18
23
3
0
•21
'09
37
70
107
00
4
'6S
27
.53
80
12
13
•06
38
98
136
48
,
'OS
24
29
53
6
0
'08
37
98
135
22
0
'70
27
56
83
13
0
6
29
35
1
0
'69
38
69
107
6
11
'70
12
24
36
0
9
'69
3
16
19
3
0
'09
10
25
41
7
0
'66
38
54
92
25
0
'54
7
42
49
10
0
3
1
10
0
0
'62
17
68
85
25
2
'06
7
57
64
0
0
'65
60
113
17.3
37
0
'64
23
1 (
100
17
1
'07
30
74
104
(
0
'70
53
147
210
12
9
"65
21
54
75
14
0
'70
21
71
92
21 0|
'09
14
35
49
12
ol
0
0
2
i
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
125
70
50
80
220
93
60
00
100
125
2.'>
115
25
70
80
103
OJ
125
00
140
100
140
80
150
80
90
175
2 165
oi So
0 60
1 90
ol 70
01 00
0205
i 00
31231
21 80
ol 96
0.236
11 SO
1 100
li 40
Other Ministers.
Silas Bak'T, Standish.
William -M. Barbour, n.D.,
Pruf. Thejl. aam., Ban^;or.
C. M. Brown, S.W. Harbor.
Couvcr.s(( K. Dagget, Greene.
Samuel li.irris, i>.D., Pros.
Bowd. Coll., Brunswick.
J,.)in U. lleriicU, D.D., Prof.
Tlieol. Sem , B ing.ir.
Wellington Newell, North
Watcrfurd.
Elbridsje Knight, MapleGrove.
John K. Lincoln, Bangor.
S.imnel H. .Merrill, .-^gont
Am. Bible Soc, Portland.
Alpbeus S. Packard, Prof.
Kowd Coll., Brunswick.
Jaujes M. Palmer, Portland.
Levi L. Paine, Prof., liangor.
George .\. I'erkins, Teacher,
Gorham.
Enoch Pond, d.d., Prof.
Theol. tiem., Bangor.
Daniel F. Poller, Topsham.
John M. Putnam, Yarmouth.
Henry Richardson, <iilead.
Isaac Rogers, Farmintfton.
John S. Sewall, Prof. Bow.
Coll., Brunswick.
Joth.am B. Sewail Prof. Bow.
Coll., Brunswick.
David Shcpley, Yarmouth.
Alfred L. Skinner, Post-
master, Bucksport.
Daniel .''mith Talcott, D. D.,
Prof. Theol. Sem., Bangor.
Henry G. Storer, Oak Hill.
Stephen Tliur.slon, D.D., Sec.
Maine Mis.s. So.;., Sear.sport.
Amory H. Tyler, Falmouth.
Thomas C. Upham, D. D.,
Keunebunkport.
Wm. Warren, D.D..Dist. Sec.
A. B. C. F. .\[., Gorham.
Richard Woodhiill, Treas.
Theol. Sem., Bangor.
LlCENTfATRS.
Walter H. .\vers, .\ndover.
J. C. Bodwi-U. jr., Iivmont.
John Brairdori, -onth Sanford.
William F. Brow.i, Beutoa.
James H. Crosby, Bangor.
Kobi-rt Davis, W'iiilneyville.
Geo. S. Dodge, Sedgwick and
Brooksville.
Charles F. Dole, Mercer.
K. P. Eastman, E. Orrington.
J. E. Fullerton, Cumberland
Mills.
D. W. Hardy, North New
Portland.
G. C. Hill, De.xter.
B. F. Leavitt, Somesville.
Geo. A. Lockwood, O.^ford.
J. G.Max-Baler, Nortlitield.
Thomas M. Mav, Gilead.
Vincent Moses, Sherman.
John T. Rea, Medw..y.
Thomas H.Rich, Bangor.
J. W. Savage, Kennebunl<port.
Daniel L. Smart, JN . Belfast.
Benjamin Stearns, Lovell.
Richard C. Stanley, Prof.
Bales Coll., Le\iis;on.
Arthur H. Ti^bbetts, I'erry.
And 26 others above.
I87I.]
Statistics. — Netv Hampshire.
Ill
SUMMARY. —Churches: 65 -with pastors; 96 with ptated supplies; SO vncant (including 32
Bupplied by licentiates). TOTAL, 241. tiairi, 4.
MiM.^TERs: 61 p.-istors ; 82 stated supplies ; 30 otljers. Total, 173. Licentiate.-^, 50.
CiiLRCH Members: 5,931 males; 13,756 females. Total, 19,6S7,— including 3,565 absent.
Loss, 125.
Additions in 1869-70 : 489 by profession ; 241 by letter. Total, 730.
Kemovals in 1869-70: 318 by death; 346 by dismissal; 21 by excommunication. Total,
685.
Baptisms in 1869-70: 329 adult; 143 infant.
In Sabbath Schools : 22,192. Loss, 2S6.
Benevolent Contributions (from 203 churches, previous year 199): $33,520, — a decrease
of $4,893. Of the contributions, if ]5,U0U was for Hume Missions; $17,000, Foreign Mii--
sions; 86,000, Am. Mis. Asso.; $500, Tract Societies; $8u0. Am. Biide So.; $700, Am. Kd.
So.; $600, Am. and Foreign Christian UniDji: $.500, Seamen; $400, Me. Congreg.itionid
Charitable Society ; $800, Am. Co: gregational Union. Thirty -eight churchL'S are officially
stated to have made no contributions.
CHANGES. — Churches : j\>i<',— Cape Eliznbeth, Welsh ch.: Caribou; Greenville; New
Portland, North; Plymouth ch., Portland, by union of two; Westlirook, ^'arren eh. at
Cumberland Mills. Droppedivom the list, — Third ch. and Central ch., Portland, united
to form the Plymouth ch.
Ministers: Ordinations, 2 pastors, 1 without installation. Installations, 4. Dismissals, 4.
Deaths, 6 without charge.
ORGANIZATION. — Fourteen Associations of Ministers. Fourteen County Conferences of
Churches, united in a General Conference, which also includes two New Hampshire
churches (Gorham and Shelburne), and one of New Brunswick (St. Stephen's).
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
CH. memb'rs.
Admt'd
Kemovals
bapt.22
.
•6
June 1, 1870.
1869-70.
1869-7
0.
•69-70.1
Churches.
■d
Ministers.
c
^^,.,A^
j^
.2
"5
•6
a
c
_2
>J
...»
»j
X
g
n3
X
m
Place and name.
Name.
g
o
"3
S
0)
<
Eh
o
5
X
5
-^
n
OQ
o
C
O
'S
fc
H
<;
z.
—
C
^
X
r-i
<l
.5
i5
Ac worth,
1773
S.V.McDuffee, s.s.
'69
'70
46
90
136
26
2
0
2
o
0
0
2
~0
3
120
Alstead Centre, 1st. 1777
A. C. Field,
'66
'66
9
25
34
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67
" New, 2d,
1788
None.
26
40
66
16
0
1
1
2
3
0
5
0
0
60
" 3d,
1842
F. B. Knowlton, s.s.
'65
'67
5
19
24
4
1
1
2
1
2
0
3
1
1
81
Alton,
1827
None.
6
21
27
12
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
36
Amherst,
1741
J. G. Davis, D D.
'44
•44
64
150
214
20
3
4
7
3
6
0
9
1
1
175
Andover,
1841
Howard Moody, s.s.
'43
'69
9
19
28
7
6
11
17
0
1
0
1
2
2
90
Atkinson,
1772
None.
21
45
66
18
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
93
Auburn,
1843
J. L. Arms, s.s.
'46
'69
24
45
69
9
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
105
Barnstead,
1804
None.
7
13
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
" Parade
,1867
W. O.Carr, s.s.
'61
'67
16
27
43
4
4
0
4
1
0
0
1
2
0
no
Barrington,
1755
Ezra Haskell, s.s.
'60
'59
8
25
33
8
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
140
Bath,
1778
Asa Mann,
'44
'67
21
88
109
21
1
0
1
0
3
0
3
1
1
170
Bennington,
18:39
James Holmes, s.s.
'42
'69
15
34
49
13
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
30
Bethlehem,
1802
[Mr. Pinkham.F.W.B.l
4
3
7
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
Bosoawen,
1740
C. Curtice, s.s.
'43
'70
43
78
121
29
0
0
t'
3
6
0
9
0
0
70
Bradford,
1803
None.
14
38
52
10
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
5
Brentwood,
1756
None.
13
42
55
8
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
60
Bridgewater,
1818
None.
1
4
5
2
5
0
5
1
0
0
1
0
0
8
Bristol,
1823
Silas Ketchum, s.s.
'67
'66
20
50
70
n
13
2
15
3
0
0
3
12
1
70
Brookline,
1795
F. D. Sargent,
'69
•69
24
39
63
15
0
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
3
125
Campton,
1774
Quincy Blakely,
'59
■64
33
63
96
14
0
0
0
1
o
0
3
0
3
165
Canaan,
180:5
None.
4
17
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Candia,
1770
Lauren Armsby, s.s
'46
'66
74
110
184
29
0
0
0
6
4
0
10
0
0
190
Canterbury,
1760
James Doldt, s.s.
'43
'69
21
55
76
16
0
2
2
0
7
0
7
0
0
1-23
Centre-Harbor,
1837
J. H. Bliss, s.s.
'69
'69
38
22
60
14
4
2
6
0
1
0
1
1
0
105
Charlestown,
1835
H.H.Sanderson, 8.8
'48
'64
4
23
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Chester,
1731
None.
76
124
•200
44
2
0
2
2
2
0
4
0
0
130
Chesterflfld,
1777
None.
5
14
19
4
0
0
0
0
I
0
1
0
0
1
Chichester,
1791
M. Gould, 8.8.
'54
'64
31
4S
79
25
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
60
Claremont,
1770
None.
76
179
255
62
18
10
28
4
7
0
11
7
8
■203
Cnlebrook,
1802
Hugh McL-^od, 8.8.
'55
'66
27
47
74
7
22
3
25
2
2
0
4
17
2
108
Concord, 1st.
1730
F. b. Ayer,
'61
'67
67
170
237
28
0
5
5
3
2
0
5
0
0
22"^
West,
18:33
H. B. Putnam,
'68
'68
'46
105
151
24
0
2
2
2
0
0
2
0
0
1-20
" South,
1837
S. L. Blake,
'64
■69
91
•206
297
14
3
8
11
7
5
1
13
1
1
;jS5
" East,
1842
George Smith, 8.B.
'53
•69
26
65
81
25
0
2
2
3
5
0
8
0
0
91
Conway,
1778
None.
21
61
82
13
2
1
3
5
4
0
9
2
0
70
112
Statistics. — New Hampshire.
LJan.
CnORCHES.
Place and Name.
o
"c
SB
Ministers.
Kame.
CH. memb'rs,
June 1, 1S70.
Admt'd Removals
1869-70.
Cornish, 1781
Croydon, 1778
Dalton, 1st, 1816
Danbury, 1809
Ueerfield, 1766
Deering, 1759
Derry, 1719
Derry, 1st, 1837
Dorchester, . 1828
Dover, 1st 16 ;>
" Belknap, 1S56
Dublin, 1827
Dunbarton, 1789
Durham, 1718
Effingham, 1836
Enfield, 1826
Epping, 1747
Epsom, 1761
Exeter, 1st, 1698
" 2d, 1813
Farmington, 1819
Fisherville, 1850
Filzwilliam, 1771
Francestown, 1773
Franconia, 1814
Franklin, 1822
Gilmanton,East, 1744
" Centre, 1826
" I.Works,1830
Gilsum, 1772
Goffstown, 1801
Gorbam, 1862
Goshen, 1802
Greenfield, 1807
Greenland, 1706
Groton, 1803
Ilampstead, 1752
Hampton, 1638
Hancock, 1768
Hanover, Dart.Col..l805
" Centre, 1810
Harrisville, 1840
Haverhill, 1790
Hebron, 1797
Hen\iiker, 1769
Hill, ISlo
Hillsboro' Centre, 1769
Bridge, 1839
Hinsdale, 1821
Hollis, 1743
Hooksett, 1828
Hopkinton, 1757
Hudson, 1841
Jaflrey, 1780
" East, 1850
Keene, 1st, 1738
" 2d, 1867
Kensington, 1859
Kingston, 1725
Laconia, 1821
Lancaster, 1794
Langdon, 1820
Lebanon, 1768
Wesl 1849
Lee, 1867
Lempster, Ist, 1781
" 2d, 18:J7
Littleton, 1803
'45
'45
'61
'07
•60
'33
Philander Bates, s.s. '40|'66
None.
[M.P.Marshall, Meth.^
John LeBosquet, s.s. '36i'66
Jacob Chapman,
Morris Holman, s.s.
None.
None.
None.
Gio. B. Spalding,
C. O Watson,
None.
G. I. Baird,
Alvan Tobey, d.d.
None.
V. J. Hartshorne,8.8.'65
J. H. Stearns, s.s. '44
Charles Peabody,8.8. '41
None.
None.
W. 8. Kimball, s.s.
Wm. R. Jewett,
John F. Norton,
A. Richards, d.d. s.s
None.
William T. Savage,
None.
•Joseph Blake,
Jeremiah Blake, s.s
Horace Wood, s.s.
8. L. Gerould,
G. F. Tewk8bury,8.8.'38
None.
S. H. Partridge, s.s.
Edward Robie,
A. W. Fiske, s.s.
None.
James McLean, s.s.
A. Bigelow,
8. P. Leeds, d.d.
Bezaleel Smith, s.s.
Chas. M. Palmer,
E. H. Greeley,
John Clark, s.s.
S. S. Morrill,
None.
John Adams, s.s.
J.Cummings, s.s.
J. S. Batchelder,
James Laird,
A. Burnham, s.s.
■J. K. Young, D.D.B.8
None.
Rufus Case,
None.
Z. 8. Barstow.D.D.
W. S. Karr,
•J. A. Leach,
E. D Eldridge,
Solomon Bixby, s.s
H. M. Slone,
H. V. Emmons,
None.
C. A. Downs,
J. H. Edwards,
None.
Benj. Howe, s.s.
None.
C. E. Milliken, '60 '60
'67
'37
'44
'38
'41
'38
'39
'61
'53
'52
'33
'59
'28
'51
'29
'68
'49
'35
'57
'41
'43
'58
'66
'57
.'29
'42
'18
'54
'64
'33
'58
'48
'60
'49
'63
'45
25
10
7
29
36
8
50
25
6
66
19
6
36
25
5
5
13
24
42
31
15
41
39
100
5
41
6
37
14
12
33
6
10
33
9
10
20
74
45
105
27
13
53
3
30
6
15
23
44
85
13
52
17
31
16
48
53
14
26
40
72
32
140
91
12
22,>
60
11
73
67
16
28
37
37
104
85
32
75
102
184
10
89
9
71
36
30
100
34
20
70
51
14
77
146
90
138
63
23
128
13
85
12
25
69
90
146
33
131
42
72
46
194
162
41
38
138
108
24
127
99
27
19
12
121
78
24
32
69
108
40
190
116
18
29
79
17
109
92
21
33
50
61
146
116
47
116
141
284
15
130
15
108
50
42
133
40
30
103
60
24
97
220
!.35
243
90
36
181
16
115
18
40
82
134
231
46
183
59
103
62
242
249
54
46
187
142
31
180
152
31
31
19
159
12
8
6
2
4
46
37
11
23
20
50
0
39
9
24
12
6
15
O
5
12
8
6
3
26
30
115
24
5
42
4
12
0
5
12
12
28
16
41
12
23
15
18,20
9137
8' 2
8 0
4818
28' 0
7 0
10 6
14 3
118
2li 2
7,0
20 25
1869-70.
•C r-'
BAPT.5
1
0
0
1
4
0
0
2
0
13
1
0
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
6
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
6
1
20
6
0
0
0
1
7
3
3
2
0
1
0
0
0
7
2
0
4
0
0
1
17
21
4
0
5
4
2
3
6
12
0
11136
6
1
0
4
0
5
2
3
13
5
1
10
2
0
0
5
9
11
5
1
7
6
3
1
0
0
6
15
1
8
0
2
4
15
0
1
0
8
6
3
5
4
1
3
0
6|U
4|
Oj
0
0
21
1
0
2
0
4
4
1
2
3
0
2
0
1
0
1
10
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
2
1
2
3
0
0
12
0
6
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
12
1
0
0
0
75
0
85
75
0 140
65
26i>
75
53
230
169
40
165
120
35
40
115
50
110
1.59
75
222
220
3sl
100
175
1)0
86
30
80
23(1
67
140
i-:o
71
G2
1.31
179
2(i0
120
00
75
125
60
40
0
55
100
180
220
46
148
00
125
106
460
305
80
88
160
205
S
or.5
(102
05
76
145
108
1871]
Statistics. — New Hampshire.
113
CH. me.-vib'rs.
Admfd
Removals
BAPT.oj
'69-70. u
'6
June 1, 1870.
1869-70.
1869-70.
Churches.
'^
Ministers.
Cj
- A.
/■^^^-^ ^
0
Q^
S
ij
\
.J
«
c
ij
m
il ^
Place and Xame
. 1
Name.
■5
3
,";
"a
a
0
<
c
III
s
it
E
c
0
0
p
^
■n
0
c
0
^
i,
H
•<li.
r^
Z.
C
a
<^
,z
Loudon,
1789
[B. N. Stone, Licen
]
15
41
56
17
8
0
8
3
0
0
3
0
0
70
Lyme,
1771
None.
96
173
269
67
2
4
6
7
26
0
33
2
4
160
Lyiideborougli,
17.57
None.
1^^
60
97
25
0
1
1
3
0
0
3
0
0
160
Maiicliester, 1st,
1S2S
C. W. Wallace, D.D
'40
'40
'40
364
504
95
7
13
20
4
13
0
17
3
5
553
" Franklin fit
. ISU
W. J. Tucker,
'67
•67
69
184
253
40
14
23
37
4
3
0
7
5
3
560
Marlborough,
1778
J. L. Merrill, s.s.
'60
'70
47
99
146
24
38
1
39
1
0
0
3
32
0
192
Mason, 1st,
1772
Daniel Goodwin,
'39
'60
32
56
88
17
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
108
" Village,
1817
Geo. F. Merriam,
60
•65
35
75
110
10
0
0
0
1
3
0
4
0
2
Hi
Meredith,
1815
Chas. Burnham,
'41
•57
18
45
63
8
4
2
6
1
0
0
1
1
0
75
Meriden,
1780
K. E. P. Abbott,
'68
'68
60
67
127
54
6
16
22
5
10
0
15
3
0
S3
Merrimack, 1st,
1771
C. L. Hubbard,
'68
•68
51
109
160
34
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
147
" South
1829
None.
10
25
35
00
0
0
0
0
0
(1
0
0
(1
00
Milford,
1788
Geo. K. Freeman,
'58
'68
71
177
248
15
0
5
5
3
4
0
7
0
0
415
Milton,
1815
Frank Haley, s.s.
'63
'69
25
59
84
0
6
0
6
2
0
0
2
0
0
75
Moultonborough,
1777
None.
9
17
26
7
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
00
Mount- Vernju,
1780
S.H. Keeler, D.D.jS.a
.'29
'68
48
122
170
38
4
0
4
4
6
0
10
0
3
170
Nashua, 1st,
16S5
Frederick Alvord,
'58
•69
95
323
418
94
6
16
22
5
3
0
8
4
3
220
'< Olive St.,
1831
James S. Black,
'70
'70
66
176
242
71
0
1
1
7
5
0
12
0
0
211
" Pearl St.,
181(5
*
62
141
193
28
0
6
6
5
16
0
21
0
6
•270
Nelson,
17S1
Chas. Willey, s.s.
'45
'69
35
57
92
22
9
3
12
3
1
0
4
8
2
99
Newcastle,
1B71
Lucius Alden, s.s.
'25
'46
9
35
44
4
6
0
6
1
0
0
1
6
1
212
Newintjtoii,
1715
Franklin Davis, s.s.
'47
'64
3
13
16
1
4
10
14
0
0
0
0
2
0
60
New Ipswich,
1760
B. F. May, s.s.
'56
•70
69
133
202
65
3
4
7
4
15
0
19
1
0
120
Newmarket,
1828
Isaac C. White, s.s.
'50
'60
16
42
58
15
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
1
140
Newport,
1779
G.R.W. Scott,
'68
•68
82
166
■24S
36
24
1
25
6
6
0
12
2
17
2ta
Northrteld&Tilton
, 1822
T.C. Pratt, s.s.
'59
"70
40
117
157
50
3
1
4
3
3
0
6
3
ti
140
North Hampton,
17:59
T. V. Haines,
'61
'70
03
92
145
26
0
0
0
6
0
0
6
0
0
185
Northwood,
1798
E. C. Cogswell, 8.8.
'42
'65
38
70
108
14
4
1
5
2
1
0
3
3
3
127
Nottingham,
1810
None.
2
3
5
1
0
0
JO
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Orfor.iviile,
1770
N". F. Carter, s.s.
'67
'69
38
55
93
5
54
3
57
3
0
0
3
37
0
^■^0
Orford,
1822
Robt. Southaate,
'32
•69
16
45
61
27
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
I'.O
Os.sipue Centre,
1806
D. S. Hibbard, s.s.
'60
'68
15
32
47
IS
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
47
IVlham,
1751
Augustus Berry,
'61
•61
26
55
81
8
3
1
4
1
0
0
1
3
0
155
Pembroke,
1737
None.
39
87
126
26
10
0
10
2
11
1
14
6
2
150
Peterborough,
18.58
Geo. Dustan,
'59
'59
43
99
145
17
•2
4! 6
0
1
0
1
1
0
240
Piermont.
1803
.\. L. Marden,
'61
'61
43
72
115
39
12
2
14
2
6
(1
8
11
2
92
PiUsfteid,
1789
Noi;e.
44
84
12s
34
5
3
8
0
0
0
0
2
0
100
Plaintield,
1804
None.
8
23
31
8
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
30
i laistow,
17.10
Calvin Terry, s.s.
'46
'69
23
56
79
17
0
0
0
1
1
0
.>
0
0
100
Plymouth,
1764
Cyrus Richardson,
'69
'69
41
115
1.56
34
24
2
26
2
0
(1
2
20
0
130
Portsmouth,
1671
George M. Adams,
'51
•63
108
294
400
76
35
4 39
5
9
0
14
17
8
39i
Raymond,
1791
None.
57
99
156
IS
0
1
1
0
1
0
4
0
0
137
Rindge,
1765
Dennis Powers, 8.8.
'38
'70
62
109
171
19
10
0
10
1
2
0
1
1
0
205
Kochester,
1737
None.
40
111
151
16
30
3
33
5
1
0
6
25
10
175
Kollinstord, Salmon
Falls,
1841
Selah Merrill, s.s.
'70
16
67
83
49
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
0
2
90
Roxbury,
1816
H. H. Colburn, s.s.
'69
'68
5
12
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
Rye,
17.36
Giles Leach, s.s.
'33
'67
18
50
6^
23
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
72
H.ilem,
1739
M. A. Gates, s.s.
'58
'70
17
59
76
10
5
8
13
T
4
0
5
3
]
100
Salisbury,
1773
-J. B. C'lok,
'50
'69
29
54
83
20
0
2
2
2
1
(1
3
0
0
63
Sanbornton,
1771
M. T. Runnels,
'56
'68
42
87
r29
15
5
1
6
3
1
0
4
1
1
123
Sandwich,
1814
None.
6
13
19
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
00
" North,
1832
None.
7
10
17
8
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
00
Seabrook & H F'ls
,1836
D. W.C.Durgin,8.8
'70
12
24
30
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
98
" South,
1867
[Wm. A. Rand, Licen.l
12
16
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 ol
= 23
Somersworth, East
Falls,
1827
Clark Carter,
'68
'70
50
131
181
37
4
2
6
1
9
0
10
2
3
247
South Newmarket
1730
■Joseph Bartlett, s.s.
'■47
•69
3
14
17
2
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
Stewartstowu,\Ve6
tl846
[C. W. Drake, Lie]
'70
4
26
30
7
6
1
7
1
2
0
3
4
0
42
StodJard,
1787
None.
11
31
42
13
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
50
Stratham,
1746
A. B. Peabody,
'60
'69
14
34
48
9
1 6
7
3
0
0
3
0
0
111
Sullivan,
1792
None.
31
54
85
14
2
3
5
2
5
0
7
1
0
IJO
Surry,
1837
[Supplied by Meth.]
1
11
12
4
0
0
0
i
0
0
1
0
0
25
Swaozey,
1741
None.
17
40
63
i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
140
'I'ainworth,
1792
S. H. Riddel,
'27
•60
32
73
105
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
145
Temple,
1771
R. Parkinson,
'48
'70
47
81
128
27
1
6
7
4
4
0
8
0
1
174
Thornton,
1780
None.
2
4
6
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Troy,
1815
Levi Brigham,
'37
'70
23
32
55
14
•J
5 8
1
3
0
4
1
2
125
Tuflonborough,
1839
None.
2
3
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
•VOL. III. NO. I.
114
Statistics. — New Hampshire.
[Jan.
Churches.
Place and name. £«
Ministers.
Name.
Wakefield, 1765
^Valpolc, 1761
"Warner, 1772
Washinaton, 17S0
"Webster, 1S04
AVentwnrth, 1830
Westmoreland, 1764
" Evang., 1852
Wilmot, 1826
Wilton, East, 1825
Winchester, 1736
Windham, 1742
Wolfehoroush, 1834
" North, 1839
D. D. Tappan, s.s.
W. E. DicUiiison,
H. 8. Huntington,
None.
Edward Buxton,
Jas. C. Seagrave, s.s,
None.
Tho's L. Fowler, s.s
C. B. Tracy, s.s
D. E. Adams,
E. Harmon,
J. Lanman,
T. A. Emerson,
None.
C
'26
'60
'66
'36
'51
'30
'60
'67
'68
'69
CH. MEMB'RS
June 1,1870.
• 7^
idmt'd Removals bapt. tK
1860-70.
1869-70.
'69
7
33
40
9
3
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
70
18
65
83
19
0
2
*?
4
2
0
6
0
0
66
34
77
HI
15
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
1
2
IS
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'37
52
79
131
17
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
3
'65
12
61
63
10
1
3
4
0
o
0
3
0
0
21
52
73
21
0
0
0
n
3
0
5
0
0
'70
4
19
23
6
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
•68
19
29
48
10
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
'60
40
85
125
10
3
4
i
0
1
0
1
4
0
'67
61
117
178
35
3
3
6
4
6
0
10
1
3
'.-.8
44
109
153
20
0
1
1
'7
1
0
3
0
3
'69
23
53
76
20
1
6
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
12
16
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
12.')
175
50
1.50
120
90
65
68
155
236
K'.O
116
0
Other Ministers.
Amos Ahbott, Nashua.
Cyrus W. Allen, Eaat .Taffrey.
Nathaniel Barker, Wakefield.
Almon Benson. Centre Harbor.
S. M. Blancliard, Hudson.
Nathaniel Bouton, D.D., Pro-
vincial Historian of New
Hampshire, Concord.
Samuel B. Bradford, Frances-
town.
Amos W. Burnham, d.d.,
Keene.
B. R. CatIin,Meriden.
Erastus B. Claggett, Lynde-
boro.'
Edward W. Clark, Claremont.
William Clark. Sec. N. H.
Missionaiy Soc'y, Amherst.
Charles Dame, Atjent, Exeter.
Thomas W. Duncan, Nelson.
Albert W. Fi>ke, Fisherville.
Waiter Follett, 'J'emple.
Joseph Gaiiand, Hampton.
George Goodyear. Temple.
James B. lladley, Campton.
Jeffries Hall, Chesti-rfield.
Henry A. Hazen, Lyme.
Thomas .Tameson. Gr°enland.
Edwin Jennison, Winchester.
Erastus M. Kellc%g, Manches-
ter.
Henry A. Kendall, East Con-
cord.
Reuben Kimball, Conway.
Samuel-J.ee, New Ipswich.
Giles I.yman, Marlborough,
Jonath.m MiGee, ^'a^hua.
Humphrey Moore, n,D.. Mll-
ford (ordained 1802).
Daniel J. Noyes, D D., Prof.
Dartmouth Col., Hanover.
Harrison G. Park, Hancock.
Henry E. Parker, n.n., Prof.
Dartmouth Col., Hanover.
Leonard S. Parker, Agent,
Derry.
Benjamin F. Parsons. Derry.
Ebenezer G. Parsons, Derry.
David Perry. Hollis.
Daniel Pulsifrr, Danbury.
C. W. Richardson. Canaan.
Thomas E. Roberts, Agent.
Keene.
Henian Rood, Hanov^-r.
Daniel Sawyer, Merrimack.
Jacob Scales, Plainfield.
Asa D. Smith, d.d.. Pres.
Dart. Col., Hanover.
William .'^paulding, Hanover.
Benj. P. Stone, d.d , Treas.
N. U. Missionary Society,
Concord. fSince deceased.]
George W. Thompson, Strat-
ham .
Samuel Utley, Concord.
Isaac Willey, Sec. N.H. Bible
Society, renibrnke.
John Wood, Wolfeborough.
Licentiates.
Two supplying churches, as
in tables above; also. —
William A. Packard, Prof.
Dart. Col., Hanover, 1857.
John C. Proctor, Tutor, Dart-
mouth Col., Hanover, 1869.
Cyrus 8. Richards, ll.d ,
"Meridcn, 1850.
Edwin D. Sanborn, ll.d..
Prof. Dart. Col., Hanover.
1836.
George N. Sims, Sullivan.
Chas. A. G. Thurston, Brad-
ford.
SirMM.\RY. — Churches: 71 with pastors; 65 with stated supplies; 49 vacant (including 6
suijplied by licentiates, or men of other denominations). Total, 185.
Ministers: 72 pastors ; 65 stated supplies; 47 others. Total, 184. Licentiates, S.
CiiiiROH Members: 5,617 males; 12,972 females. Total, 18,583, —including 3,437 absent.
Gain, 480.
Additions in 1869-TO : 776 by profession ; 410 by letter. Total, 1,186
Re.movals in 1869-70: 334 by death ; 399 by dismissi^l; 13 by excommunication. Total,
746.
Baptisms in 1869-70: 458 adult; 198 infant.
In Sabbath Schools ; 22,635. Loss, 110.
Charitakle Contributions (all the churches (185) reporting, last year 175) : $33,199.03,—
a decrease of $1,426.57. Thirty-three of the 185 churches are oiliciaUy stated to have
made no contributions.
CHANGES — Churches: Neto, — Newington replaced on the list, being re-organized,
llDroppeil from the list, — Shelburne, extinct.
inisters: Ordinations, 3 pastors, 1 without installation. Installations, 9. Dismissals, 8.
Deaths, 1 without charge.
ORG.VNIZATION. — Thirteen Ministcri.al Associations, and eight County Conferences of
Churches, are united in the General Association, which includes also six Presbyterian
Churches wot included in our summary.
iS/i.]
Statistics. — Vermotit.
115
V E R lil 0 N T
OH. MEMB'RS.I
Admt'ii
Removals
BAPT.aJ
,
■^
May 1, 1870.
1869-70.
1869-70.
'69-'70. 0
Churches.
13
Ministers. re
0
0
.
_, ..-N-.
^^
^ 02
0
0
0
<A
+j
iJ
GO
.
J
7J
CC
B
Place and Name.
Name. "g
£
S
0
0
S
0
<
0
S
C
p
<
0
□Q
■y
<
■^
<
m
0
0
0
':?.
fc.
^
<
2_,
'—
Z
5_
a
^
<
JZ
2
Addison,
1804
None.
Albany,
1818
J. P. Demeritt, a.p. '70
'69
17
31
48
11
20
3
23
0
2
0
2
7
0
75
Alburgli,
1824
Calvin B. Cidy, a.p. '38
'51
Arlington, East,
1843
Chas. Redfield, a.p. '59
'68
15
32
47
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
65
Baktrslield,
1811
(ieo. F. Wright, p. '63
'62
46
81
127
20
10
0
10
1
0
0
1
6
4
160
Barnard,
1782
None.
Barnet (M. I. F.),
1829
8. G. Norcross, a.p. '69
'69
17
77
94
32
1
0
1
2
4
0
6
1
1
80
ti
1858
Lyman S. Watts, a.p. '66
•67
29
78
107
24
12
5
17
1
2
0
0
9
3
200
Barre,
1799
Leonard Tenney ,a.p. '45
'68
43
106
149
43
8
1
9
2
.
0
4
5
1
150
Barton,
1817
Win. A. Robinson, 13. '66
'65
32
65
97
22
1
2
3
1
0
0
1
1
1
130
Bellows Falls,
1850
Cyrus Hamlin, p. '68
'68
17
37
54
10
2
2
4
1
2
0
3
0
1
95
Bennington, 1st,
1762
Isaac Jenninics, p. '43
'53
51
130
181
0
6
4
10
6
4
0
10
5
12
100
" 2d,
1836
C. H. Hubb.ai-d, a.p. '48
'51
46
113
159
14
16
2
18
6
4
0
10
10
3
175
" North
,1868
Henry C. Weston, p. '69
'69
14
22
36
4
0
5
5
0
2
0
2
0
3
125
Benson,
1790
Hy. M. Holmes, p.elc.'66
'69
65
105
170
17
48
9
57
0
3
0
3
23
3
150
Berkshire, East,
1820
Elias W. Hatch, p. '66
'66
34
19
53
3
6
0
5
1
0
0
1
4
5
100
Berlin,
1798
None.
24
56
80
28
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
126
" West,
1865
.Tohn F. Stone, a.p. '29
'64
4
11
15
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
Bethel,
1817
[IC. E. Lewis, Licen.]
'68
14
26
40
12
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
90
Bradford,
1818
John K. Williams, p. '66
'66
41
128
169
60
4
2
6
4
4
0
s
4
10
144
Braintree,
1794
Arami Nichols, a.p. '07
'07
16
20
36
6
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
20
Brandon,
1785
Frank. Tuxbnry, p. '57
'65
72
136
208
25
25
8
33
2
6
0
8
17
2
166
Brattleboro, West
1770
Joseph Chandler, p. '46
'45
53
95
14S
18
4
3
7
0
3
0
3
1
1
100
" East,
1816
Nathaniel Mighill, p. '64
'67
105
221
326
55
2
13
15
6
11
0
17
1
3
■-65
Bridtcewater,
1793
None.
10
26
36
10
0
0
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
30
Bridport,
1790
W.W.Winchester, p. '54
'67
71
125
196
39
9
4
13
3
2
0
r,
7
1
300
Brigliton,
1841
None.
6
9
15
6
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
65
Bristol,
1805
None.
27
49
76
14
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
Brookfield, 1st,
1785
( Daniel Wild, p. '30
/ Joshua 8. Gav, a. p. '48
'30
'70
26
47
73
5
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
0
42
2d,
1848
Wm. A. Bushee, p. '69
'68
26
38
64
15
1
10
11
1
6
0
i
0
1
130
Browningtou,
1809
Israel T. Otis, a.p. '35
'69
24
47
71
19
0
0
0
4
5
0
9
0
0
150
Burke,
1807
Jos. Underwood, a. p. '26
'69
19
24
43
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
Burlington, 1st,
1805
Kdwd.H. (Triflin, p. '68
'68
108
209
.317
55
10
15
25
4
6
0
10
5
5
225
3d,
. 1860
Geo. B. Saflfordjp. '58
'60
33
71
104
14
0
2
2
2
2
0
4
4
6
65
Cahot,
1801
S. F. Drew, p. '57
'60
56
99
155
20
20
5
25
0
5
0
7
n
2
115
Cambridge,
1792
lidwin Wheelock, p. '56
'56
15
23
38
0
0
1
1
2
3
0
5
0
0
75
Cainbridgeport,
1868
J. C. McCollora, p. '69
'67
20
24
44
2
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
90
Castlcton,
1784
Lewis Francis, p. '63
'64
64
148
212
37
18
3
21
0
3
0
9
11
1
187
Charleston, West,
1844
.\.C.Childs, p. '53
'68
15
45
60
7
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
112
Charlotte,
1792
CharlesW.Clark, a.p.'61
'69
42
93
135
25
9
6
15
3
2
0
5
7
4
166
Chelsea,
1789
None.
59
108
167
8
4
2
6
2
3
0
6
3
0
1,50
Chester,
1773
John G. Hale, a.p. '52
'G9
43
94
137
25
1
6
7
4
7
0
11
0
1
167
Chittenden,
1834
None.
3
8
11
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Clarendon,
1822
W. T. Herrick, p. '51
'61
32
42
74
8
12
0
12
1
0
0
1
8
1
117
Colchester,
1804
0. M. Se.ilon, a.p. '37
'69
12
58
70
21
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
74
Corinth,
1S2U
C. M. Winch, a.p. '53
'69
26
63
89
3
4
0
7
4
1
0
5
2
1
00
Cornwall,
1785
S. W. Magill, a.p. '36
'67
57
119
176
20
7
3
10
1
4
0
5
6
0
100
Coventry,
1810
J. C. Houghton, a.p. '68
'69
43
91
1:^4
8
2
1
3
4
6
1
11
0
1
200
Craftshury,
1797
Kdward P. Wild, p. '65
'60
42
93
135
12
7
0
7
6
3
0
9
2
5
174
Banby,
1860
J. P. Stone, a.p. '39
'69
7
8
15
2
2
13
15
0
0
0
0
2
0
60
Danville,
1792
0. W. Thompson, p. '69
'6:(
29
55
84
22
7
5
12
1
4
0
6
3
1
112
Derby,
1807
John Rogers, a.p. '61
'68
30
53
8;
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
2
1
1
70
Dorset,
1784
Parsons 8. Pratt, p. '47
'56
37
74
111
13
6
4
10
2
1
0
3
4
1
1:1
Dorset, East,
1867
4
10
14
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
50
Dover, West,
1869
None.
7
10
17
3
0
CI
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
CO
Dummerston,
1779
L. G. Chase, p. '70
'70
29
78
107
22
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
140
Dusbury,
1836
None.
11
12
23
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Eden,
1812
None.
Enoshurgh,
1811
Alfred B. Swift, a.p. '53
'61
55
73
128
33
0
2
2
0
2
ol 2
1
8
145
Essex,
1791
A. J. Willard, a.p. '57
'67
37
61
98
20
4
0
4
2
1
1
4
3
3
a-i
Essex Junction,
1869
.\. J. Wilhird, a.p. '57
'67
10
18
28
3
14
14
28
0
(
0
0
8
C
150
Fairfield,
1800
Daniel Wild, a.p. '30
'67
8
17
25
2
2
0
2
4
c
0
4
1
0
52
Fair Haven,
Fdw. P. Hooker, a.p. '61
'69
30
45
75
0
8
6
14
1
c
0
1
0
0
100
Fairlee,
1833
S. Mclveen, D.D.,a.p.'15
'66
17
42
59
5
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
70
Fayetteville, '
1774
David Shurtleff, a.p, '68
'69
18
47
65
5
3
9
12
0
c
0
0
1
0
89
ii6
Statistics. — Vermont.
[Jan.
Chckches.
Place and Name.
"a
o
Ministers.
Name.
c
c
C
a;
c
o
s
E
o
CH. memb'rs.
May 1,1870.
Admt'd
1869-70.
Removals
1869-70.
BAPT.2
'69 '70.(^
a3
£
<
C
3
X
<
<
c
X Is
c
X
5
i:
CO
2
Ferrisburgh, 1824
Franklin, 181
Georgia, 1793
Glover, 1817
Grafton, 1785
Granbv & Victory, 1825
Greensboro', 1804
Guildhall, 1799
Guilford, 1768
Halifax, West, 17
Hardwick, 1803
Hartford, 1786
West, 1830
Hartland, 1799
Higbgate, 1811
Hinesburgh, 1789
Holland, 1842
Hubbardton, 1782
Hydipark, 1863
" North, 1858
Irasburgh, 1818
Jamaica, 179]
Jericho, 1st, 1791
Jericho Corners, 1836
Johnson, 1817
Londonaerrv, So. 1809
North, 186S
Lowell, 1816
Ludlow, 1S06
Lunenburgh, 1802
Lyndon, 1817
Manchester, 1784
Marlboro, 1776
Marshfield, 1826
Middleburj', 1790
Middletown, 1780
Milton, 1804
" West, 1853
Montgomery, 1817
Montpclier, 1808
Morgan, 1823
Morri3town, 1807
Newbury, 1764
" West, 1867
New Haven, 1800
Newport, 1831
Northficld, 1822
North Hero,
Norwich, 1819
Orwell, 1789
Pawlet, 1781
Teacham, 1792
Peru, 180
Pittsfield, 1803
Pittsfoid, 1784
Plaintield, 1826
Plymouth, 1802
Pom fret, 1783
Post Mills, 1839
Poultney, 1782
Pownal, 1351
Putney, 1776
Quechee, 1831
Randolph, 17S6
" West, 1831
Richmond, 1801
.\. B. Lyon, a. p. '58
Joseph R. Muiisel, a.p.
Chas. C. Torrev, p. '55
S. K. B. Perkins, p. '60
Earl J. Ward, p. '68
Joshua Eaton, a.p. '41
Azel W. Wild, p. '64
None.
None.
None.
Joseph Torrey, p.
'60
A. Hemenway, a.p. '39
J. Q. Bittingcr, a.p. '60
El. J. Comir)gs, a.p. '41
Clark E. Ferrin, p. '51
j J. T. Howard, p. '41
I T. E. llanney, a.p. '44
Calvin Granger, a.p. '34
J. G. Bailey, p. '64
None.
John Fraser, a.p. '52
Wm. C. Bo wen, a.p. '48
Austin Hazen, a.p. '60
None.
Fred. Oxnard, a.p
None.
None.
F. B. Phelps, p.
'61
'70
L. W. Harris, a.p. '42
M. H. Wells, a.p. '45
K. S. Cushman, p. '43
J. H. liickett, a p. '35
Noi.e.
4 G.N. Webber, a.p. '55
I E. P. Hooker, p. '61
Usborn Myrick, a.p. '46
J.H. Woodward, a. p. '37
J. H. Woodward, a.p. '37
Sewall I'ainc, p. '43
W. H. Lord, D.D. p.
I Jacob 3. Clark, p.
I A. li. Gray, a.p.
None.
G. B. Tolman, a.p.
K. Dexter Miiler,a. p. '56
[Ezra Brainard, Licen.]
George H. Bailey, p. '67
Wm. S. Hazen, p. '64
f^. H. Williams, p.
William Sewall, p.
M. L. Severance, p
Levi U. Stone, u.p.
'47
'27
'44
'62
'55
'64
'34
Af=a F. Clark, a.p.
J. B. Clark, a.p.
li. T. Hall, p.
Horace I'ratt a.p.
Thos. Baldwin, a.p.
None.
A. T. Deming, a.p.
Ovid Miner, a.p.
None.
-Vmos Foster, a.p.
J. Clement, D.D., a.p.
Dana B. Bradford, p.
Samuel W. Dike, p.
Josiah L. Litch, a.p.
>
18
45
63
68
13
27
40
68
27
56
83
58
25
54
79
'68
40
67
107
'6S
17
27
44
'64
32
56
88
20
50
70
3
9
12
7
8
15
'60
49
101
150
66
122
188
'69
25
31
56
'69
12
30
42
'67
19
43
62
'56
31
59
90
•44
'67
'64
3
13
16
18
32
50
•62
8
20
28
9
26
35
'70
51
62
113
'69
12
22
34
'64
32
56
88
8
25
33
'68
42
85
127
13
22
35
8
21
29
'70
20
28
48
'69
30
48
78
'70
40
96
136
'66
22
66
88
'62
72
136
208
'69
9
20
29
7
8
15
•69
'70
'69
137
257
394
15
33
48
•69
11
30
41
'70
8
13
21
'43
19
33
52
'47
166
268
434
••27
12
26
38
•64
28
64
92
'70
35
105
140
'70
12
2S
40
•70
94
152
246
•67
40
69
109
'63
40
72
112
'65
73
142
215
•69
69
107
176
'67
22
61
83
77
156
2:i3
•68
49
92
141
'63
29
49
78
'70
80
108
188
'68
VI
27
39
'45
7
16
23
14
39
53
•68
31
61
92
'69
41
80
121
'66
27
73
100
'69
6
40
46
'66
40
65
105
'68
56
lO.J
161
'70
8
23
31
2
3
3
40
2
17
6
25
3
0
5
15
22
34
29
4
2
52
19
4
4
5
150
12
14
24
3
36
29
16 21
0
18
48
7
1
5
2
8
2
0
19 39
4
4 25
21 2
o; 0
0 7
0, 0
90
67
99
163
105
60
178
76
0
0
170
225
40
60
135
80
37
80
94
40
50
50
195
0
175
0
60
135
55
110
83
200
35
0
180
100
130
50
100
330
70
1-25
157
120
130
100
149
225
HiO
150
355
135
40
200
50
luo
ti7
115
1.0
150
40
100
177
75
i87i.]
Statistics. — Vermont.
117
Chcrches.
Place and Name. ,m>
Ministers.
Name.
cii. memb'rs.
Adm
I'd
Rc
raovals
BAPT
c
May 1, 1870.
1869-70.
1869-70.
'69-'70
c;
..•^..— .
>-
01
.E
■d
£
ale. ■
emale.
<
0
n
a.
"tJ
1:
X
£
7
0
<
X
CC
C
0
S 1 El,
H
<^
—
—
a
—
K
<
-
o
«
CD
Ripton,
182S
Rochester,
ISO I
Roxbury,
1864
Koyalton,
1777
" South,
1868
Rupert,
1786
Rutland,
1788
" West,
1773
8ali.«bury,
1804
Sandgate,
1782
Saxtmi's Iliver,
1825
Sharon,
1782
Sheldon,
1816
Shorehani,
1794
South Hero,
1795
Springfield,
1781
St. Albans, 1st,
►. 18U3
2d,
1841
St. Johnsbury, 1st
18119
2d,
1825
East
1840
" South.lSol
Stockbridge,
1827
Stowe,
1818
Strafford,
1819
Stratton,
1801
Sudbury,
1791
Swariton,
1800
Tbetford,
177.3
Tiiimouth,
1780
Townshend.Kast,
1792
West,
1850
Troy,
1845
North,
1818
Tuubridge,
1792
Underhill,
1801
North,
1839
Vergcnnes,
1793
Ver shire.
1787
Waitstield,
1796
Wallingford,
1792
Wardsboro',
1843
Warren,
1816
Washington,
1800
Waterbury,
1801
Waterford,
1798
Waterville,
1823
Wealhersfield,
1775
East
1838
" Aseutneyville
,1869
Wells River,
1842
West Fairlee,
1809
Westftcld,
1818
Westford,
1801
West Haven,
1816
Westminster, East
1767
" West
1:99
Weston,
1799
Weybridge,
1794
Williamstown,
1795
Willi.'ton,
1813
Wilmington,
1855
Windham,
1805
Wind-ior,
1768
Wiiiooski,
1836
Wolcott,
1818
Woodstock,
1781
Worcester,
1S24
Cephas H. Kent, p. '28
T. S. Hubbard, a.p. '39
.Aldtn Ladd, p. '65
C. B. Drake, D.D.,p.'37
Jas. Caldwell, a.p. .'37
None.
None.
.Jus. G. Johnson, p. '66
.James R. Bourne, p. '59
A\:M. S. Barton, a.p. '62
Supplied by Meth.
.John G. Wilson, p. '51
George H. White,a.p.'56
\mos.J. Samson, a. p. '43
Wm. N. Bacon, p. '.9
Orv. G. Wheeler, p. '40
L. Henry Cobb, p. '57
Herman C. Riggs, p. '67
[Ed. Hungerford, Lic.l
E. T. Fairbanks, p.
E. C. Cummings, p.
J. P. Humphrey, p.
Lewis O. Braslow, p.
Chas. H. Kiggs, a.p.
Benj. F. Perkins, a.p.
None.
None.
H. F. Rustedt, a.p.
E. J. Ranslow, a.p.
Rif.hard T. Searle, p. '45
None.
F. W. Olmstead, a.p. '48
None.
D. Goodhue, a.p. '48
David Connell, a.p. '42
O. S. Morris, a. p. '48
Samuel L. Bates, p. '04
None.
H. P.V. Bogue,p. '66
None.
Jas. H. Babbitt, p. '68
A. Walker, D.D., p. '40
Philetus Clark, a.p. '21
None.
None.
J. Copeland, a.p. '43
Edw. P. Stone, a.p. '61
None.
Jos B.Baldwin. a.p. '32
[P.Wallingford, Meth]
Scth S. Arnold, a.p. '16
Wm. S. Palmer, p. '62
Solon Martin, a.p. '35
Danl. Goodhue, a.p. '48
G. P. Byingion.a.p. '68
H. Lancashire, a.p. '49
F. J. Fairbanks, p. '64
Alfred Stevens, p. '43
None
H.D KitohcI,D D. a.p. '39
Pliny F. Barnard, p. '47
J. L. Maynard, p. '41
Kd. E. Herrifk, a.p. '64
Calv. Chapman, a.p. '42
Silas P. Cock, p. '69
Lester H. Elliot, p. '66
If. Herrick, a.p. '44
A. B. Dascomb, p. '6;
None.
26
21
16
49
11
28
134
77
18
4
28
16
22
36
22
121
79
15
24
105
61
78
24
32
11
6
11
41
65
12
4S
10
4
16
16
33
3
64
17
43
29
14
00
00
56
42
5
33
10
8
42
36
26
24
8
22
50
14
28
24
32
35
32
64
21
15
75
14
38
53
35
91
24
63
293
130
39
8
63
43
27
85
54
243
158
2
3
^l97
69
127
49
67
23
15
31
88
126
22
66
36
11
36
25
43
8
138
3
81
84
37
OU
Oil
115
64
20
73
16
14
118
69
42
60
7
85
99
25
46
64
55
62
59
125
50
36
146
37
64
74
60
140
35
91
427
207
57
12
91
59
49
121
76
364
237
37
97
302
130
205
73
99
34
20
42
129
191
34
114
46
15
51
41
76
11
202
64
129
113
61
00
00
171
106
25
106
26
22
16U
105
68
84
15
107
149
39
74
97
91
189
71
51
221
51
17
351 5
16 1
10 2
9 2
211 0
4 4
1
0 0
0 6
50
93
60
75
112
75
350
275
100
0
52
60
49
80
100
347
250
60
80
.330
200
210
104
-115
40
00
50
142
140
00
75
80
40
70
75
125
00
100
00
120
117
40
00
00
150
80
00
67
60
70
136
75
fiO
130
16
193
140
50
70
90
155
60
125
215
0,115
0 .55
y.iia
01 30
ii8
Statistics. — MassacJmsetts.
[Jan.
Lewis Grout, Agent Am.
Miss. Ass'n, West Braltle-
boro'.
John O. Hale, East Ponltney.
Robert V. Hall, Newport.
Samuel R. Hall, LL.d.,
Brownington.
Henry P. iTickok, Burlington.
Frederick Hicks, mis'y, Pana-
ma, C. A.
Harvey O. Higley, Castleton.
James C. Houghton, Burling-
ton.
Isaac Hosford, No. Thetford.
Harvey D.Kitehel, D.D., Pres.,
Middlebury.
Daniel L.add, Middlebury.
Harvey F. Leavitt, Middle-
bury.
Joseph Marsh, Thetford.
Samuel Marsh, Underbill,
Ulric Maynard, Castleton.
St'llman Morgan, Bristol.
Ammi Nichols, Braintree.
Aaron G. Pease, Waterbury.
Azro A. Smith, Lowell.
Charles S. Smith, Sec. Vt.
Dora. Miss. Soc, Montpe-
lier.
Eban Smith, Middlebury.
Joseph ateele, Middlebury.
Other Ministers.
William P. Aikin. Rutland.
Solon Albee, Prof., Middlebu-
ry-
James Anderson, Manchester.
Lewis A. Austin, Manchester.
Eben C. Birge, Underbill.
Nelson Bishop, Windsor.
James Buckham, Burlington.
Franklin Butler, Windsor.
Ezra H. Byington, N. Haven.
E. Irvin Carpenter, White
River Junction.
Augustus Chandler, Dnm-
merston.
Philetus Clark, Wardsboro.
John K. Converse, Burling-
ton.
Samuel Delano, Strafford.
James Doughertj', D.D., John-
son.
Charles Duren, Pomfret.
Henry Fairbanks, St. Johns-
bury, [ton.
Daniel W. Fox, South Royal-
Lyndon 8. French, Franklin.
Joseph Fuller, Vershire.
John K: Goodrich, Burlington.
John Gleed, Morrisville.
N. Z. Graves, Middlebury.
SUMMARY. — Churches: Tl with pastors; 83 with acting pastors; 42 vacant (including 6
supplied by licentiates, or men of other denominations). Total, 199.
Ministers: "4 pastors; 83 acting pastors; 56 others. Total, 213. Licentiates, 7.
CiiL'Rcn Members : 6,'-'44 males ; 12,389 females ; 123 not specified. Total, 18,756, including
3,117 absent. Gain. 163. Number less than thirty years of age, 3,414.
ADJ1IS5I0N.S IN 1869-70: 789 by profession; 434 by letter. Total, 1,223.
Removals in 1869-70: 314 by death; 4.50 by dismissal ; 15 bv excomm'n. Total, 779.
Baptisms in 1869-70: 465 adult ; 269 infant. In Sabbath Schools: 20,219. Gain, 892.
Benevolent Contributions (157 churches, 174 last year) : $43,154.79. Decrease, $3,085.31,
Of the 167 churches reporting, 15 are officially stated to have made no contributions.
Number of Families (177 ctmrches, 176 last year): 11,354. Gain, 85.
Average Congregations (174 churches, 180 last year) : 22,070, same as last year.
CHANGES. — Churches: New, — Danby ; Essex Junction; and Ascutney, in Weathersfield.
Dropped from the list, — none.
Ministers: Ordinations, 2 pastors, 4 without installation. Installations, 7. Dismissals,
15. Deceased, 2 without charge.
ORGANIZATION. — Fifteen Associations of Ministers, and twelve Conferences of
Cburcbes, which together form the General Convention.
George Stone, Trov.
Aurelius S. Swift, Pittsfield.
Samuel G. Teuuey, Spring-
field.
Wm. W. Thayer, St. Johns-
bury.
John H. Thyng, Brattleboro',
West.
Henry A. P. Torrey, Burling-
ton.
Charles Walker, D.D., Pitts-
ford.
George N. Webber, Prof.,
Middlebury.
Joseph D. Wickbam, D.D.,
Manchester.
J. C. Wilder, Charlotte.
Stephen Williams, Clarendon.
Caleb M. Winch, C. rinth.
John H. Worcester, D.D.,
Burlington.
Licentiates.
George N. .\bbott, Newbury.
M. H. Buckham, Prof., Bur-
lington.
N. FT Cobleigh, Marshfield.
Henry A. Duboc.
And three supplying churches
in above tables.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Churches.
Place and Name. W)
Ministers.
Name.
CH
. memb'rs.
Adm
t'd
Removals
BAPT
s
Jan. 1. 1870.
1869.
1869.
1869.
5
r
_2
M
u
o
o
<
E-
C
X
5
<
•i.
C
rj
^
fa H
<
1—4
i^
c
y
'—
t— 1
Abington.lst, 1712
2d So., 180'
" 3d E., 3813
" 4th N., 1839
Acton, 1832
Adams, North, 1827
" South, 1840
Agawam,Fee'gH'ls,1762
" Cong., 1819
Amesbury, West, 1726
" Mills, is:il
" and Salisb'y,1835
None.
None.
None.
Benjamin Dodge, '48
None.
Wasbinefon GIadden'60
C. E. Stibbins, a.p.
C. 8. Svlvester, a.p. '57
Ralph Perry. '44
Lewis Gregory, '68
Ephr'm O. Jameson, '60 '65
100
171
1.54
69
112
177
83
42
86
172
140
68
156
254
235
94
164
273
llu
60
129
264
193
101
6
0
10
h
0
15
4
3
0
(
40
1
1
3
•7
5
1
11
0
4
0
7
o
9
0
12
1
0
0
3
0
6
0
9
0
11
1
18
3
4
0
5
2
2
1
3
0
261
00
220
122
175
275
180
75
SO
305
180
161
iS/i.]
Statistics. — Massachusetts.
119
Churches. '%
Place and Name. ?i
O
Ministers.
Name.
CH. MEMB'RS.
Jan. 1, 1870
s.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.
).
1869.
1869.
1869.
S
X
<
0
2
c
<
P
0 c
<
X
OQ
z
Amherst, 1st,
" 2d E. I
t..
College,
1739
178-2
1826
" North, No., 182f
" of South, 18.i8
Andover, South, 1711
" West, 1826
" Free Ch., 1846
" HiillardVaIe,18o4
" Theo. Sem, 1865
Arliiigton,
Ashburiiham, 1st,
2d,
Ashby,
Ashtield,
Ashland,
Athol,
Allleboro',lst,W., 1712
" 2d, E., 174S
Auburn,
Banist.-ible, West,
" Centreville
" Hyaiuiis,
Barre.Ev.Cong.,
Becket,
North,
Bedford,
Bclchertown,
.Tonathan L. .Tonkins, '55
Franklin P. Chapin, '57
S /'7-es.W. A. Stearns,
\ D.D., '31
William D. Herrick, '60
1842
1760
1860
1776
176:;
1S3:>
1750
1776
1616
1840
1854
1S27
1758
ISiO
1730
1737
Belmont.W^averley, 181)5
Berkley, 1st, 1737
" Trin.Cong., 1S4S
Berlin, 1779
Bt-rnardston, 1824
Beveriv, North, 171
" riane St., 1802
" Wash. St., 183
Billerica, 1820
Blrtckstone, 1H41
Blaudford, 1735
Boston, Old South, 166'.
" Dorchester, 2d, 1808
" Park St., 1809
'> Union, 1822
<• Phillips. South, 1823
" Salem and 1827
Mariner's, 1830
'• Berkeley st. 1827
" Dorchester Vill.. 182'
" Eliot Highlands,1834
'• Central, 1835
" Maverick, East, 1836
" Mt. Vernon, 1S42
" Shawm ut, 1845
•• Vine St.. —
Hi;;lilandg, 1857
'• Trin. Neponset, 1859
" E.ast St. ^outh, 1860
" Chambers st., 1S61
" Cottage St.,—
Dorchester, 186
" Highland, 18o9
Bosburousih, 178t
Boxford, Ist, 1702
" West, 1736
Boylston, 1743
Bradford, 1st, 1682
(ieorge Lyman, '51
Charles Smith, '47
James H. Merrill, '39
E. S.Williams, p.e. '64
Henry S. Greene, '37
I'rofexsors, a. p.
Daniel R. Cady, '45
None.
Daniel Wieht, '42
.Tames M. Bacon, '46
Webster Woodbury, '68
Ntarshall M. Cutter, '68
Temple Cutler, '61
John Whitehill, a. p. '61
Francis N. Peloubet, '57
KInathan Davis, a.p. '36
Henry A. Goodhue, '63
Kdmund Squire, a.p. '6
•Tos. D. Strong, a.p. '5:
F.dwin Smith, '65
John Hartwell, a. p. '59
•T. .Jay Dana, a.p. '35
Edw. Chase, '63
None.
Josiah W. Turner, '3'
J. O. Barney, a.p. '24
•J. Austin Ilobcrts, '24
Wm. A. Houghton, '53
Trum. A.Merrill, a.p.'58
None.
Orph's T L,anphear, '49
Chas. Van Norden, '66
EvartsKent.a.p.A'o?'/)'^.
John E. Edwards, '40
None.
G.W.Blagden,D.D.'27
J. M. Manning, d.d. '54
Tames H. Means, '48
Wm. H. H. Murray, '68
Neh. Adams, d.d. '29
H. M. Parsons, D.D. '54
Edm. K. Alden, d.d. '50
S. H. Hayes? a. p. '44
William B. Wright, '61
None.
A.C.Thomnson, D.D. '42
John DeWitt, '65
None.
Edwd. N. Jvirk, D.D. '28
Edw. B. Webb, D.D. '50
.John O. Means, '51
Uowland H. Allen, '65
Edward .\. Rand, '65
Pastors of Old South
H.M.Dexter.D.D.a.p. '44
Albert E. Dunning. '70
Da'l McClenning.a.p. '51
Soreno D. Gamraell, '68
None
.\. Bigelow, D.D. a.p. '41
John D. Kingsbury, '5
'63
'68
'54
'67
'69
'61
'.56
'70
'55
'56
'64
'70
'68
•68
'68
•69
'66
'69
•63
•69
'68
'69
"64
'66
•69
'66
■6-;
'56
'53
103
55
271
142
'67
'68
'70
'6-'
'36
•57
'48
•68
'34
'70
'59
'70
'67
'42
•69
'42
•60
374
197
21 103
96
45
80
71
46
12
36
39
66
7
64
56
37
66
29
59
56
22
23
10
52
16
47
38
100
10
56
12
61
18
8
80
38
16
34
103
9S -231
327 648
151
79
236
165
121
50
39
93
105
11
122
108
89
140
75
178
96
50
74
8
137
39
72
106
247
14
84
28
101
31
23
178
125
31
66
320
148
123
48
1.30
37
162
110
163
199
152
80
17
71
23
12
24
28
40
19
35
109
247
124
316
236
167
62
75
132
171
18
186
164
126
206
104
237
152
72
102
18
189
55
119
144
347
24
140
40
162
49
31
258
163
4
100
423
329
975
43
26
20
10
11
61
41
3'
2
7
26
51
1
22
11
12
25
21
26
59
10
17
0
24
2
3
5
18
1
1'
2
37
1
39
354 502
264
72
286
83
305
244
.355
408
297
190
41
148
110
26
38
26
82
32
87
228
.387
120
416
120
467
354
.518
607
449
270
58
219
133
38
62
54
122
51
122
337
7
14
31
48
250
50
47
0
0
20
19
0
20
0
43
20
6
36
0
12
0
16
29
3
33
20I24
10
73
8 13
IS
302
166
00
•236
l.^JO
225
170
lyo
135
250
185
175
80
230
212
143
240
112
.379
158
85
132
45
150
65
109
130
340
75
10.3
53
190
60
94
3.59
200
175
100
120
275
350
175
711
185
942
133
344
427
6J8
31 !0
976
323
120
350
0
105
470
84
150
0
175
530
120
Statistics. — Massachusetts.
[Jan.
CncRCnES.
P nt-c and Narae. ^
Ministers.
Name.
CH. memb'rs. Admt'd Removals nAPT.tt"
Jan. 1, 1870.
1869.
1869.
Braiiitrec. 1st, 170"
" South, 3829
Bridgfwator. —
Ceiitr;-.! 8 [., 1821
" Scotland, 1836
Brighton. 1827
Brimfield. 1st, 1724
Ernokficld. 17ri6
Bronkline.Han'ard, 1844
Bjirlv'l.'tnrl,
17.85
Burlington,
173".
Cam iaiuiie, let*
ir,36
" P' rt, 1st,
1827
'• East.
1S42
'• North Avenue.
l8.-)7
'■ Poll. 8tcarM8ch.l8(i.")
Canton. Ev. Cong.
. 1828
Carlisle,
18.30
Carier, North.
173^
Charlciiiont. 1st.
17SS
" East,
184?.
Charlestown. 1st,
1632
" Winthrop
.183-'
Charlton CMl.Cong.1761
C'latham, 1st.
1721
Chelmsford. 2il.Xo
-.1824
Clielsea.W'mnisini
tl841
" Broadwaj'
. 18.il
Chester. Centre.
1769
" Depot, 2d
,184-'
Chesterfield.
1764
Chicopce. 1st,
17.VJ
2d,
] 83(1
3d,
1834
Chilmark,
17011
Clinton, l.-t Ev.
1S4J
Cohasset, 2d Honsr.
. 182J
" Beach \Vood3.186;;|
Coleraiiie,
IV.V
Concord. Trin.,
]S2i'
C"nway.
176S
Cumminarton.E.Vi
.1.83;;
West Village
,184(1
Palton,
178^
Dana.
is.v:
Dan vers, 1st,
1671
Maple St.,
1844
Partmonth. South,
18)7
licdham. 1st,
1«38
" South.
1731-
Deorfield, South,
181S
" Orth. Cong.,
183.-.
Dennis, South,
1817
" North,
1S66
Dlghton.lst Cong.,
171(
Douglas, 1st,
1-47
"~ East,
1834
Dover, 2 ! Con?.,
]S3r
Dracut.lstEv.Cong
.1721
" West,
1797
" Central,
1847
Dudley,
1732
J)unstable,
17-)T
K Briilgi'vvafor.Un.
,lS2r
E.isthaminon, Ist,
1T8.T
Payson,
18.V2 ;
Eistnn. Unknown 1
Kdgartown,
16411
HA. S. Storrs, d.d. '11 I'll
Ed. P. Tenner, a-p. '•59|'70
T,. Whcaton Allen, '6y|"69
'44
'54
'60
'43
'67
'61
'58 1 '67
Horace D. Walker.
.\hel O.Duncan, a.p
David T. Packard,
None.
Jo.shua Ccit,
No report.
Chailes Lord.
.\lfred S Hudson,
.\le.Y. McKeozic,
Kinsley Twining,
Samuel Bell.
David O. Mears,
Georjre R. Leavitt,
Wm. E. Dickinson,
Moses Patten,
.J^imes .^iken, a.p.
None.
None.
•Ta'Tnes B. Miles,
None.
.Tohti Haven,
Hiram Day. a.p.
Daniel Philips.
MbertH. riumb.
•Samuel E. Herrick,
Henry A. Dickinson
R'lw. A. Smith, a.p
Edward Clai ke. a.p.
K. Benedict Clark,
■loshua T. Tucker,
Kdwin R. Palmer.
Eli'iah Denioiid. a.p.
He' Wilt S Clark,
n^ilvin R Fitts,
Cnailes B. Smith,a.p.'48
David A. Strong.
None.
Wm. .v. Thompson
None.
Robert Samuel, a.p. '59
None.
Fred rick Janes.a.p. '37
Charles B. Rice, '59
.Tames Brand, '69
I'Mwin Leonard, ';
Ion. Edwards. '48
•Toneph P Hi.\by,a.p '02
•Simeon Milli-r, '46
R' .bert Crawford. D.D.'40
William C. Reed. '70
S'ip. h;i Mfthof/ist
Ebene7,er Dawes, a. p. '64
\mo8 Holbrook. a.p. '66
William T. Biiggs, '40
None.
None.
Toseph Board man, '61
'■"lias Nason. a.p.
F. E M. Bach elder, p p.
E. P. Kingsbury. a p. '70
leriniiah K. Aldrich.'63
Aaron M Colloti. '40
SamuelT.Seelye,D.n.'46!'63
n.W Richardson, a.p. '62j '691 38
lidson J. Moore, a p. '61|'7o| 25
'69
'67
'6.3
'61.
'60
'43
'0.1
'30
'61
'5S
'6
.'63
'6
'3:i
'39
'39
'59
'21
'6S
'66
'49
'68
42
19
33
56
56
39
17
121
102
34
82
49
29
12
18
28
26
103
157
21
30
28
213
27
10
9
31
68
02
9
"5
20
8
12
21
96
34
22
24
9
4'
6i
12
43
43
106
28
26
1
24
26
44
11
14
3.-.
29
2v.
21
64
77
126
125
52
79
37
95
156
81
67
36
295
35o
81
156
116
57
35
47
70
44
260
379
73
76
57
373
40
21
26
51
116
1,V2
13
19o
91
21
56
52
171
50
44
45
21
148
161
36
1.57
90
186
61
71
39
45
44
132
23
59
54
40
75
41
160
246
99
71
166
73
121
56
128
212
137
106
53
416
455
115
238
165
86
47
65
98
70
363
536
94
'.06
85
586
276
67
31
35
82
174
214
22
265
111
29
68
73
267
84
6(1
69
30
195
223
48
100
133
292
89
97
56
69
70
176
34
7.i
69
104
62
136
243
372
137
96
19
10
33
24
24
18
66
90
22
17
19
21
6
1
24
11
15
40
22
20
20
74
2
0
7
2
14
56
24
3
51
12
7
13
16
21
7
1
12
9
12
4
16
23
19
33
19
13
0
3
10
28
32
7
10
14
15
30
17
12
12
35
3
33'l4'
13
2
2 7'
173
150
277
62
201
182
150
129
80
326
400
200
220
477
100
75
60
110
110
370
703
125
180
118
660
760
65
58
90
71
140
229
27
421
53
115
100
125
246
126
128
96
70
342
441
105
225
160
250
75
80
00
100
1.30
150
60
105
107
82
116
80
153
169
384
127
55
iS/i.]
Statistics. — ]\Iassachusetts.
121
CH. MEMB'RS.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT. to
MM
CnuRcnEs. "%
Ministers.
.
£
Jiin. 1, 1870.
_. A^
1869.
1869.
i!!i-«
i'
6
iJ
,
X
h2
■I.
^
M
Place and Name. £'.
Name.
"3
E
c
o
"5
S
<
1
0^
0
u.
<
b
i
X
p
S
<
'b
1
<
C
c
O^S
<v
<
'f
J
r^
Siw
r-*
*-;
z.
Eijremoin, South, 1816
Horace P. Shapleigh
,'69
'69
43
86
129
25
1
6
7
2
4
0
6
1
4
117
Er.tield. ]790
Edward C. Ewing,
'.53
'67
62
145
207
28
5
1
6
2
6
1
9
4
2
140
Erving. Ev. Cong., 18:;2
Simon L. nobbs,a.p
.'54
'69
12
19
31
12
13
7
20
1
3
0
4
1!
2
1.32
Essex. 1st, 1681
None.
37
91
1-28
7
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
258
Evfiett. lS(i]
Albert Brvant,
'65
'69
27
62
89
16
2
7
9
0
1
0
1
1
4
190
Fiiirhaven. 1794
Avery S. Walker,
'57
•68
73
179
252
53
22
8
30
4
6
0
10
13
1
222
Fall Kivpr. 1st. 1816
William W. Adi.ms,
'60
'61
54
152
20R
55
2
2
4
3
3
0
6
0
2
481
" Central, 184-2
Michael Burnham,
'70
'70
115
189
304
60
8
5
13
6
4
0
10
2
3
509
Falmouth. 1st, 1708
None.
65
160
•225
30
4
7
U
1
0
0
7
2
0
180
'• East. 1S21
Dan'l H.Babcock.a.p
.'.39
'69
30
44
74
5
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
50
" Korth. 1833
Caleb W. Piper, a.p
"42
'69
30
64
94
23
0
0
0
2
1
0
3
0
1
50
" Waqi!0it. 1849
None.
30
77
107
4
1
0
1
3
2
0
5
0
2
60
Fitchburg. Calv., 1768
Alfred Emerson,
'45
'58
132
254
386
60
6
10
16
5
o4-
*)
41
1
6
30O
" Trin . 1843
None.
20
35
55
0
0
6
6
0
3
0
3
0
1
64
" Rollstone, 1868
Leverett W. Spring,
'6S
'68
63
135
198
8
10
21
34
5
3
0
8
5
1
•275
Fnxborongli. 1779
None.
57
177
•234
21
5
0
5
8
3
0
11
4
2
228
Framingham.nollis.1701
None.
83
•217
300
26
7
11
18
12
4
0
16
1
1
209
■ t'axonville,Edw.,183-')
Charles Jones, a.p.
'35
'70
37
100
137
40
1
0
1
2
0
0
2
1
2
100
Franklin. 1737
Luther Keene,
'63
'67
74
151
225
28
0
2
2
i
2
0
3
0
4
245
South, 18.55
Josiah Merrill, a.p.
'48
•67
8
22
30
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
35
Freetown. Assouet, 1807
None.
20
34
54
4
1
2
3
0
1
0
1
0
1
110
Gardner. 1st, 1786
John E. Wheehr,
'69
'69
85
182
267
31
0
11
11
1
11
5
17
0
1
328
Georgetown. 1732
Cnarles Beecher,
'44
'57
43
117
160
23
3
1
4
0
1
0
4
1
0
190
■' Orth. Memo., 1864
I). Dana Marsh,
'68
•68
33
73
106
9
4
4
8
2
1
0
3
3
2
140
Gill. 1793
Kd. 8 Potter, a.p.
'43
'68
9
38
47
10
2
0
2
3
0
0
3
0
0
98
Gloucester. "West, 1716
Chas. D. Pigeon, a.p
'68
11
17
28
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
■' Harbor. Ev., 182ii
None.
33
100
133
10
6
6
12
0
1
0
1
•>
3
225
«' Lanesville, 18.30
None.
16
57
73
2
2
14
16
3
0
0
3
6
0
227
Goshen, 1780
Townsend Walker,
'44
•68
19
47
66
17
2
0
2
2
1
1
4
1
1
80
Graflon, 1731
John H. Windsor,
'58
■68
68
149
217
64
8
4
12
2
10
0
12
3
5
218
" Saundersville, 1860
.\lvan J. Bates,
'49
•68
16
29
45
7
0
6
6
0
6
0
5
0
0
90
Granby, 1762
T. P. Cushman, a.p.
'60
'67
76
137
213
29
4
4
8
6
9
0
15
3
0
256
Granville, Ea.«t, 1747
.Vrehibald Geikie,
'46
'64
23
42
65
9
3
1
4
2
3
0
6
1
0
65
" West, 1786
Wakefield Gale, a.p.
'26
'67
21
42
63
17
0
2
2
3
3
0
6
0
4
78
Gt. Harrington, 1st. 1743
Evarts Scudder,
'59
'67
58
142
200
0
0
20
20
3
1
0
4
0
2
170
" Ilou.^atonic, 1841
Timothy A. Ilazen,
'54
'69
34
61
95
13
1
3
4
3
1
0
4
1
1
165
Greenfield, 1st, 1754
Elijah Cutler, a.p.
'63
'69
27
51
78
13
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
88
" 2d, 1817
.-'amuel II. Lee,
'62
'67
73
129
21)2
20
0
9
9
2
7
0
9
0
9
350
Greenwich, 1749
Edward P. Blodgett,
'43
'43
41
99
140
34
1
0
1
5
1
0
6
0
0
190
Groton. 1664
Jeremiah K. Aldrich
,'63
'70
61
150
211
27
0
0
0
6
11
0
17
0
0
97
'• South, 1861
None.
19
30
49
"5
1
13
14
2
0
1
3
1
0
123
Groveland. 1727
John C. Paine,
'38
'70
33
90
123
S
0
0
0
3
4
0
7
0
0
200
Hadley. 1st. 16.')9
Rowland Ayrea,
'48
'48
63
1-27
190
27
0
7
7
3
4
0
7
0
3
160
" 2d, North, 1831
Warren H. Beaman,
'41
'41
44
84
128
12
2
0
2
3
5
0
8
1
1
150
" Russell, 1841
Edward 8. Dwight,
'44
'64
28
77
105
9
0
3
3
2
2
0
4
0
1
78
Halifax, 1734
William A. Fobes,
'55
'66
30
47
77
4
1
3
4
')
2
0
4
1
0
•200
Hamilton, 1714
■S. Franklin French,
'64
'64
54
83
137
37
0
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
^
135
Hanover, 1st. 1728
None.
10
38
48
13
0
0
0
1
3
0
4
(1
1
85
•' 2d, Four Corners,! 8.54
None.
i9
35
54
7
2
1
3
3
0
0
3
1
1
116
Hanson, 1748
None.
9
28
37
12
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
95
Hardwifk, 1st Calv.. 1736
None.
16
46
62
7
1
1
2
1
4
0
5
1
1
110
" Gilbertville.1867
[Wd.D Brown. lie.
I
9
23
32
12
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
60
Harvard, 1733
Ucorge H. Pratt.
'66
'66
34
87
121
27
3
1
4
3
2
0
5
3
2
100
Harwich, 1747
Wm. H. Beard, a.p.
'h7
'69
9
40
49
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
i'on. Pilgrim. 1855
Henry C. Fay,
'58
'7u
13
34
47
7
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
168
HatfieM , 1670
John P. Skeele.
'50
'7
86
154
240
12
11
5
16
0
10
0
10
3
6
190
Haverliill. West, 17.35
Kphraim W. Allen,
'43
'66
39
66
105
26
5
3
8
1
5
0
6
4
0
105
•' j:ast, 1744
None.
6
14
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
54
" Centre, 1833
Ch.arlea M. Hyde,
'62
'70
69
174
•243
10
19
12
31
6
9
0
15
13
2
200
" " No., 18.59
Ray'dH. Seeley. D.D
'43
'00
89
186
■275
19
1
11
12
2
0
5
0
0
350
HaTvley, 1st, East, 1778
Henry Seymour, a.p.
'43
'70
27
40
73
23
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
80
" '■ West, 1S25
Robert Samuel, a.p.
'59
'66
16
28
44
0
3
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
1
90
Heath. 1785
None.
7
18
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
T'olland, 1765
Daniel J. Bliss,
'6S
'68
18
30
48
10
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
tj
0
60
Hiighani,Ev. 1847
Henry W. Jones,
'66
'66
17
33
50
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
63
liinsdale, 1795
Kpliraim Flint, Jr.,
'67
'67
60
118
178
16
t)
2
4
2
2
0
4
0
1
200
Holder), 1742
Wm. P. Paine, d.d.,
'33
'33
82
175
257
50
J4
8
42
4
10
0
14
28
1
190
HoUiston, Ist, 1728
Henry 8. Kelsey,
'63
'70
00
00
405
0
7
3
10
8
10
0
18
S
4 325
Holyok3,lst, 1799
None.
22
49
71
12
0
0
0
1
5
0
6
1
1
TO
122
Statistics. — Massachusetts.
[Jan.
Cri. MEMB'R.S.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.to
,
'i
Jan.l, 18"
0.
1869.
1869.
1869. §
Churches. 'S
Ministers. ^^
o
o
c
o
E
^ ^
^.^
_^
m
_o
<
o
1.
.J
<
'B
s
<
0:
1!
a
<
Place and Name, tc
Name. 'o
E
o
"rt
3
O
X
.3
p
♦J
o
X
r^
•c
1
ra
O
O O
s
in
^
<
^
^
'—t
i:^
Pf
^
i-i
^
^
Holyoke, 2d, 1849
John L. R. Trask, '67
'67
4-
132
179
20
3
22
25
3
~7
0
10
2
8
250
Hopkinton, 1T24
'Jeorge H. Ide, '69
'69
00
119
179
23
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
200
Hubbardston, 1770
•Tohn M.Stowe, '55
'70
42
92
134
29
15
9
24
2
2
0
4
3
3
150
HuDtiDgton, 1st, 1778
Ezekiel Dow, a. p. '45
'68
33
54
87
15
0
2
2
4
5
1
10
0
1
100
2d, 1846
John H. Bisbee, '34
'67
24
61
85
17
1
3
4
0
1
0
1
0
0
95
Hyde Park, 18(53
I'erley B. Davis, '62
•67
48
88
136
14
1
37
38
1
4
2
7
0
4
225
Ipssvich, Ist, 16U
Thomas Morong, '54
"68
44
1.53
197
35
0
2
2
5
2
0
7
0
0
196
South, 1747
William H. Pierson, '68
'68
28
136
164
41
1
1
2
5
1
0
6
1
2
150
" and Rowley —
Li;iebrook,1749
.\.M.Richardson,a.p. '66
25
34
59
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Kingrston, 1828
los. Peckham, a.p. '42
'59
16
53
69
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
69
Liiki'ville, 1725
Homer Barrows, a.p. '36
'69
35
67
1U2
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Lancaster, 1830
.\. P. Marvin, a.p. '44
"70
40
92
\3z
29
14
0
14
2
;i
0
5
10
2
100
I.aiicsboroiigli, 17G4
("has. Newman, a.p. '58
•63
10
30
40
11
2
1
3
2
0
0
2
0
1
50
Lawrence, Lawr. st.l847
Caleb E.Fisher, '43
'5'J
137
301
438
138
8
15
2:5
4
12
0
16
0
14
633
Central, 1849
William E. Park, '67
'67
131
223
354
200
16
7
23
0
6
0
6
2
3
1-22
" Kliot, 18fi5
William F. Snow, '62
'66
38
71
109
12
3
8
11
1
2
0
3
4
3
1.56
" South, 18138
None.
2 '2
37
59
6
4
3
7
1
0
0
1
2
0
134
" Free, 18B8
None.
23
33
56
0
12
6
17
1
14
0
15
1
2
1-25
Lee, 1780
Nnhum Gale, D.D., '42
'53
148
•277
4-25
60
3
9
12
11
11
0
22
1
9
316
Leicester, 1st Cong. 1721
( John Nelson, D.D., '12
( Amos H. Coolidge, '57
'12
'57
98
171
269
51
4
1
6
6
5
1
12
3
4
241
Lenox, 1769
(t. Mure Smith, a.p. '59
'66
81
142
223
34
2
1
3
4
3
0
7
0
M
0
200
Leominster, 1822
William J. Batt, '59
'65
106
207
313
37
3
11
14
9
5
0
14
1
2
•260
Leverett, 1784
J. P. Watson, a.p. '62
'68
3S
69
107
14
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
12
150
Lexinat'n, nancock,18i;S
Kdward G. Porter, '68
"68
9
28
37
2
4
7
11
0
0
n
0
2
0
60
Lincoln, 1st, 1747
H. J. Richardson, '60
'60
29
56
85
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
125
Littleton, 184U
Elihu Loomis, a.p. '51
'54
21
31
52
6
0
0
0
1
6
0
7
0
1
75
LoDgmeadow, 1716
John W. Harding, '50
'50
34
91
125
0
2
5
7
O
3
0
5
1
4
100
*' East, 1829
Albert I. Dutton, '63
'69
27
59
86
32
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
60
Lowell, 1st Cong , 1826
None.
91
304
395
107
8
14
OO
9
3:5
0
42
3
1
430
" Appletou St. 18 5(1
John M. Greene, '57
'70
68
■247
315
00
12
4
16
2
•20
0
22
6
0
327
" .Tohn St., 18:59
Eden B. Foster, d.d. '41
'66
61
184
•245
4.")
11
5
16
7
7
0
14
7
1
456
" Kiik St., 1845
None.
97
294
:50l
Ill
12
23
35
3
6
0
9
8
2
446
" High St., 1846
Owen Street, '43
'.57
85
144
229
62
3
3
6
4
2
0
6
1
4
342
Ludlow. 1790
Chester L. Cushman, '59
'66
38
90
128
23
2
2
4
3
5
0
8
0
3
150
'' Mills, 1867
None.
4
15
19
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
1
55
Lunenburg, 18:55
William H. Dowden,'63
'70
25
52
77
13
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
Lynn. 1st. 16:i2
None.
67
153
210
20
5
9
14
81
0
81
2
0
•210
" Central. 1850
Albert H. Currier, '62
'65
34
115
149
25
9
6
15
3
3
0
6
5
2
■240
" Chestnut St., 1857
\V. Patterson, a.p. '70
'69
10
47
57
3
0
3
3
0
'>
0
2
0
0
1'25
" North. 1869
Jas. M.Wbiton.PH.D, '65
'69
19
65
84
3
8
77
85
1
0
0
1
5
5
146
Lynnfield. Cen. Ev.. 1720
19
53
72
17
2
0
O
0
2
0
2
2
3
80
2d, 1854
Jacob Hood. a.p. '59
'65
1
16
17
1
0
4
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
50
Maiden. 1st, 1649
.\dd'siiP.Faster.p.e.'60
'70
93
ISO
273
49
0
7
7
4
lo
1
20
0
6
4:35
Manchestcr,Or.Con.l716
George L. Gleason, '66
'69
55
156
211
28
5
6
10
3
1
0
4
2
4
213
Mansfield. ' 18:58
Jacob Ide. jr., '56
'56
42
80
122
9
5
5
10
3
2
0
5
4
6
214
Marblehead.lst, 16S4
Benjamin R. Allen, '29
'54
44
294
338
37
4
3
7
5
0
0
5
0
6
380
■ 3d, 1858
E. A. Lawrence, d.d. '39
'68
18
63
81
5
6
6
11
0
0
0
0
2
6
152
Marion 17o:5
f.eander Cobb. '27
'41
48
65
113
10
3
1
4
0
0
0
0
3
2
120
Marlboroai^h, Un., 18:56
Charles R. Treat. '70
'70
59
152
211
16
0
0
0
0
6
0
G
0
8
285
Marshtield. 1st, 16:52
Ebenezer Alden, jr., '43
'50
14
52
66
4
1
0
1
1
0
"0
1
0
0
121
•• 2d. East, 18:55
James C. Seagrave, '51
'70
21
30
51
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
55
Mattnpoiselt. 1736
None.
49
96
145
7
6
1
7
3
2
0
6
2
4
120
Medfield. 2d Con. 1828
J, M. R. Eaton, a.p. '45
'69
28
90
118
15
0
1
1
5
0
0
5
0
0
105
Medford.lst Tr.Con .1823
Jas. T. McCollom, '41
'65
54
130
184
3S
3
2
5
3
9
0
12
2
5
177
" Mystic, 1847
S. don Cobb, '64
'69
50
132
182
26
0
2
2
5
10
0
15
0
1
160
Medway, 1st, East, 1714
Jacob Roberts, '39
'56
44
96
140
17
]
0
1
7
3
0
10
1
4
110
" 2d, West, 1750
Jacob Ide, D.D. '14
Stephen Knowlton.'65
'14
'65
106
207
313
16
1
2
3
3
6
0
9
1
6
238
" Village,
David Sanford, '28
'38
66
170
2.36
50
3
3
6
6
3
0
9
0
10
165
Melrose, 1848
Albert G. Bale, '68
'68
48
100
US
27
1
9
10
3
5
1
9
1
2
■202
Mendon, 1828
Ao report.
Methuen. 1st. 172.
Thomas G. Grassle, '63
'67
48
no
158
29
6
4
10
4
2
0
6
3
1
160
Middleborouijh, Ist, 1694
Eph. N. Hidden, a.p. '41
'70
94
165
2.:.9
41
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
2110
North. 1748
II. L. Edwards, a.p. '57
'68
36
114
150
12
0
2
2
7
0
0
7
0
0
175
" Central. 1847
Jos. H. Towne. D.D.a.p.
'70
58
136
1'4
21
6
3
9
2
3
0
5
3
0
185
Middlcfleld. lT8:i
(Jharles M. Peirce. '63
'68
48
63
in
11
0
5
5
1
3
0
i
0
1
100
Middltton. 1729
I.ucian H. Frary, ' '69
'69
39
80
119
9
1
1
2
1
0
3
1
2
100
MUford, 1st Cong., 1741
S. C. Kendall, 'o4
'68
04
170
234
20
6
8
14
7
4
3
14
3
1
375
I87I.]
Statistics. — MassacJmsetts.
123
CH. MEMB'KS.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.M
,
-=■
Jan. 1,1870.
1869.
1869.
1869. 0
Churches. T
MiNISTEKS, ro
Name, '?
0
^ A
^
^. _ ta
N
"c
Place and Name. g>
c
c
s
£
c
2.
a
<
0
0
<
X
X
0
<
•i.
0
0
_q
a
Ca
H
**J
tJ
J-
c
£_
^
J.J
<^
Cl*
Millbury, 1st, 1747
None.
52
112
164
31
1
2
3
3
2
1
6
1
1
204
2d, 1827
Stacy Fowler, '62
'66
53
126
179
24
3
7
10
3
0
0
3
1
2
110
Milton, 1st, 1678
Albert K. Tee'e, '44
'50
40
76
116
26
2
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
2
78
'■ 2d, Railway, 1843
•• " a.p, '44
'65
8
28
36
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
MoDSon, 1762
Charles B. Sumner, '68
'68
76
165
241
37
19
4
23
5
11
0
16
8
1
250
Montague, 1st, 1762
Edward Norton, '64
'64
59
113
172
14
6
4
10
5
10
0
15
4
3
165
Montei-oy, 1750
Mason Noble, d.d. a.p.
'70
29
76
105
16
5
4
9
5
4
0
9
3
2
150
Montgomery, 1797
None.
2
1
9
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
0
Nantucket, ' 1711
Saml. D.Hosmer, a.p.'56
'62
44
246
290
61
22
2
24
10
6
0
16
17
0
200
Natick, 1st Cong. 1802
.Jesse II. .lones, '61
v,9
116
201
307
40
ii
11
22
3
13
0
16
5
4
0
" John Eliot. So. 1859
Stph. C. Strong, a.p. '54
'68
18
37
55
14
1
1
2
3
5
0
8
0
0
104
NeedhamWellosley 179S
George G. Phipps. '68
'68
45
95
140
32
2
7
9
1
9
0
10
'2
2
180
'' Grantville, 1847
James M. Hubbard, '62
'68
27
45
72
11
0
5
5
1
3
0
4
0
1
70
" Ev. Cong. 1857
VVm. B. Greene, a.p. '55
'59
1:
::6
53
9
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1-30
New Bedford, 1st,, 1696
W.B. Hammond, '44
'70
p
13
2''
0
0
1
1
1
2
0
3
1
0
125
" North, 1807
Alonzo H. Quint, d.d. '63
'64
111
294
405
74
0
0
0
5
5
0
10
0
10
444
" Trin. 1831
C. M. Terry, p.e.]
39
97
136
0
0
0
0
2
6
0
8
0
0
230
" Pacitic, 1844
Bernard Paine, '67
•67
41
130
171
30
2
8
10
1
3
0
0
7
2
4
270
New Braintree, 1754
David Burt, a.p. '52
'70
18
78
96
16
0
2
2
0
4
0
4
0
0
66
Newbury, 1st, 1635
Leon .Withington,D.D'16
'16
43
134
177
33
3
1
4
2
2
1
5
1
0
140
Byficld, 1706
None.
36
69
105
29
1
0
1
2
2
0
4
1
2
56
Newburvpoi t, N'th 1768
James Powell, '69
'69
58
182
240
22
1
7
8
4
4
0
8
1
0
210
'• 4ih, ' 1793
Randolph Campbell, '35
'37
63
1.56
219
4
7
11
18
3
0
0
3
0
4
1.56
" B.lleville, 1808
Danl. T. Fiskc, d.d. '47
'47
64
166
230
17
7
0
7
5
3
0
8
(
2
344
" \Vl]itefield,1850
.Sam.J.Spalding.D.D. '46
'51
53
136
189
C
2
4
6
4
6
0
10
2
5
177
New Marlboro', 1st, 1744
Sullivan F. Gale, '69
'69
32
132
164
27
0
4
4
3
5
0
8
0
1
243
" Southfield, 1794
Thomas Crowther. '67
'68
27
41
68
16
0
5
5
1
1
0
2
5
0
82
New Salem, 1845
David Eastman, a.p. '40
'63
9
34
43
10
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
SO
Newton. Ist. Centre. 1664
Daniel L. Furber, '47
'47
79
144
223
28
9
12
21
4
3
0
7
4
1
ISO
" 2d. West, 1781
Henry J. Patrick, '54
'60
73
130
203
28
4
8
12
4
7
0
11
2
1
313
" Eliot. 1845
J.W. ■VVcUman, d.d. '61
'56
128
236
364
25
23
12
35
2
8
0
10
'i
6
330
" Auburndfilo, 1850
Calvin Cutler, '62
'67
48
78
126
28
1
12
13
1
7
0
8
0
6
186
" North Village.l86fi
.-^amuel E. Lowrey, '67
'67
13
38
51
19
1
2
3
1
4
0
5
0
0
175
" Newtonville, 1868
Joseph B. Clark, '61
'68
25
40
65
3
5
20
25
0
2
0
2
0
s
160
Norfolk, 1839
Jesse K. Bragg, '42
'69
17
42
59
7
0
9
9
3
0
0
5
0
0
100
Northampton. 1st, 1661
William S. Leavitt, '45
'67
151
352
•503
50
3
16
19
13
11
0
23
1
10
3.30
" Edwards, 1833
Gordon Hall, d.d. '48
'52
119
230
349
25
It-
11
30
4
6
0
10
i
3
237
'• Florence. 1861
Elisha G.Cobb, '60
'66
58
129
187
40
10
28
38
3
6
0
9
Ki
2
300
North Andover,Ev.l834
B. Fr'klin Hamilton, '65
'65
31
106
137
26
0
1
1
1
3
0
4
0
0
207
Norlhborough, 1832
Horace Dutton. a.p. '68
'70
28
63
91
36
4
0
4
3
6
0
9
4
5
150
Nortbhridne, 1st. 1782
Thos. S. Norton, a.p. '46
'69
23
71
94
13
2
2
4
2
3
0
5
0
1
100
" AVhitinsville. 1834
None.
77
1.33
210
31
4
5
9
3
7
0
10
2
6
276
No.Bridgewater.lst 1740
Henry A. Stevens, '61
'68
74
162
236
17
8
7
15
4
0
0
4
5
2
300
" So.,Ciimp(.llo,1837
Charles W. Wood. '39
'58
79
112
191
9
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
280
" Porter Ev.. 1850
Charles M. Lamson, '69
'69
93
172
265
31
1
3
4
4
4
0
8
1
0
250
No. Brooktield. 1st, 1752
Gabr'l H. de Bevoise, '65
'68
102
188
290
34
6
1
7
8
7
0
15
2
3
300
Union, 1854
•John Dodge, a.p. '42
'67
39
82
121
19
0
0
0
3
5
1
9
0
3
123
North Chelsea. 1828
T. P. Sawin, a.p. '43
'69
6
24
30
17
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
46
Northticld,Tr.Cong.l825
Theodore J. Clark, '42
'7o
20
42
62
4
0
3
3
1
4
0
5
0
0
75
North Reading, 1720
None.
12
46
58
3
0
0
0
5
0
0
6
0
0
SO
Norton. 1832
Henry K. Craig, a.p. '55
'68
37
89
126
46
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
130
Oakham. Ii73
Joseph C. H.alliday, '64
'66
69
1.58
227
33
3
2
6
2
3
1
6
3
7
345
Orange, Central, 184n
Andw. B. Foster,a.p. '44
'65
42
101
143
22
0
3
3
3
0
0
3
0
0
237
" North, 1843
John H. Garraan, '47
'66
12
19
31
6
1
0
1
0
2
0
2
1
0
75
Orleans, East, 1719
J. EM. Wright, a.p. '52
'65
22
103
125
15
0
0
0
2
2
0
4
0
0
150
Otis, 177'i
None.
16
44
60
15
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
00
Oxford, 1821
None.
94
172
266
60
0
1
1
2
3
0
5
0
1
180
Palmer, 1st, 1790
None.
20
53
73
38
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
0
70
2d, 1847
Brad.M.Fullerton, '68
'68
35
92
127
20
30
9
39
1
6
4
11
IS
0
159
Paxton, 1767
Isaiah P. Smith, a. p. '70
22
47
69
10
.7
0
2
0
6
0
6
1
0
156
Peabody, 1713
George N. Anthony, '55
'69
77
211
288
22
0
7
7
3
1
0
10
(»
5
444
Pelliam, 1870
I Edw. 8. Fitz, a.p.
'70
11
30
41
17
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
00
" Packardville,1867
i " a.p.
'67
9
14
23
0
9
2
11
0
1
0
1
6
2
/o
Peppcrcll, 1747
Horace Parker, '61
'70
103
200
.103
59
3
3
0
4
7
0
U
2
0
260
Peru, 1770
Hiram W. Gilbert, '41
'69
41
67
:o8
3
0
2
2
3
9
6
IS
0
0
181
Petersham, 1823
.•\.bijah Stowell, a.p. '44
'68
29
68
97
18
2
5
7
2
3
3
8
0
0
75
Phillipslon, 1785
Lvman White, '49
'63
54
101
155
21
12
2
14
2
5
0
7
7
4
218
Pittslield, 1st, 1764
.John Todd, D.D. , '27
'42
114
295
409
171
43
8
51
7
11
0
18
13
6
610
2d, 1846
A. G. Beman,a.p. '39
'70
5
12
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
124
Statistics. — ITassachusetfs.
[Jan.
C :DRcnES.
Place and Name.
Ministers.
Name.
CH
. memb'rs.
.\dnitVl
Re
inovals
BJ
Jan. 1, ISTO.
1869.
1869.
18
o
.E
1>
1
c
c
X
v:
5 f-
X
_. §
<
U
c;
r;
1)
.o
.-
■S c
Zj
■i ;<
C
o
:j
H
H
<
^
_: '-
HH
a a
-^
n
<
aa
rittsfield, South,
PlMintl.'ld, 1786
Plym'th, 2d, South, 17:^8
" 3.1, isn
" 4th,Ch'aville, 1S18
" 5tl
Plympton,
PlX'SCOtt,
Princi-'toii.lst,
Provincetown,
Quincy. Ev. Cong
Itandolph, 1st,
" 2il,Ea.';t.lSlS
" Winth'p, E., l'?5!i
Eaynham, 1731
Reading, Old ?o., 177U
IS.SOiEdw. Strong. D.D. M2
.Soloniim Clark, a. p. '41
8 \V.CoE'iis,n.D.,a.p.'32
Ger>. A. Tewksbury, '63
None.
None.
Philip Titcomb, a.p. '47
David Baufroft, '38|
Ilogcr M. Sargent, 'a2
Seruno D. Clark, '40
•fames E. Hall, '67
.John C. r.abaree, '63
Ko public sei-vires.
186:
16.48
1S2 i
1764
1714
18;J2
1731
Ezekiol Russell, D.D. '36
None.
T. E. Bull, a p
Bethesda, 1S49. William H.WiUcox,
Pehoboth, 1721 ,11. D.Wood worth, a.p
lUchmond, 176.i Liiptnn\V.Curtis,a.p
Rochester, Centre, 1703 None.
North, 1753
Rockport, 1st, IV.oo
J.owk-y, 183.1
Royalston, 1st, 176C
" 2d, IS
Rutland, 1720
Salem, Tabernacle, 162'.'
" South, 1735
" Crombiest.,1832
Salisb'y- RoekyHill,1718
8aiidi.<fit-ld, 1756
Sandwi'h, 16j9
" Monument, ISSo
Saugus Centre, 1732
Soituaie, 163.J
S('ek..nk.& E.Prov.l6J3
Sharon. 1st Cong., 1741
hhefiield, 1735
Bhelburne, Ist, 1770
Falls, IS.iO
S'l rbor-i. Ifi^".
Shirley, Village, 1828
Shrewsbury, 1723
Shulesbtiry,
Somerset, 1861
Some rvi lie, 1st. East, 1855
'• North, Winter
Hill, 1864
Southampton, 1743
Bouthboro',Pilgrim.l831
" Southville.lS65
Soulhbr'da-e, 1801
South Hadley, 1st, 1733
" FalU, 1824
" Falls, Ist, 1824
FouthwiL-k, 1773
Spencer, 1744
Sprinafield, 1st, 1637
" Olivet, 1833
" South,
" Nonh, 184ii
" IudianOrchard,184S
" Sanford St., 1864
Sterling, 18.i2
Btoc&bridge, 17.34
•' Curtisviile, 1824
Stonehara, 1729
Stoughion, 1st, 1744
William W. Baldwin, '70
James VC. Cooper, '68
Lyman H. Blake, '67
None.
Walter Rice, .i.p. 'eo
Henry Cummings, '51
Charles Ray Palmer. '60
I B'n Emerson, d.d., '05
i Edw. 8. At wood, '56
Hugh Elder, '68
Benj. Sawyer, a p. '09
Klbrid_-e Bradbury, '39
Wilbur Johii60M,a.p. '05
None.
Francis V. Tenney, '45
Tlios. S. Robie, p.c. '.59
Samuel E. Evans, '67
■S. Ingersoll Briant, '68
Ma"on Noble, jr., '69
A. F.Mat sh, '67
Ivlward E. Lamb, '59
Kdrnund Dowse, '38
Henry A. Lonnsbury.'.56
E. Porter Dver.
1742 William K.Vaill,
Nelson Clark, a.p.
L. KootEastman, jr.
Samuel H. Virgin,
Rufus P. Wells,
•lohn Colby,
W'm. H. Phipps, a.p,
Edwin L. Jaggar,
None.
George E. Fisher,
Kicha'd Knight,
II. A. Otttnan, a.p.
James Cruikshanks,
None.
r.,utlKr H. Cone,
'39
'66
'44
'6:
'68
'46
'55
'6i
'50
'37
'69
'58
'55
1S42 S.G.Buckingh'iii,D.D.'37
Kieliard G. Greene,
R. Emerson, a.p.
S.im. Harriaou.a.p.
None.
Edward C. Hooker.
Gi-nrge T Dole. a.p.
Swilt Byington,
Thomas Wilson,
70
'69
70
'68
'69
'68
'66
'60
'05
'64
'68
'36
'69
'67
'69
70
'68
'68
'69
'70
•69
'38
'70
'6
66
'66
'67
'C8
'69
'65
'70
'69
'67
'.i6
•69
'64
'67
'47
•66
>
'70
•64
'64
'56
88
64
26
68
54
38
£0
16
46
13
32
42
18
43
48
61
54
50
24
23
2
102
4
44
40
62
54
86
46
5
£0
43
4
12
30
79
31
33
70
55
5
19
64
20
10
104
260 '.348
96
55
193
94
75
89
29
1U3
47
103
98
34
95
98
1-27
157
92
66
68
12
178
11
100
80
123
268
262
179
8
104
P21
19
33
64
159
81
•261
148
113
109
45
149
60
135
140
1.3S'
146
188
■211
142
9i>
91
14
280
155
141
P20
185
322
348
2'25
13
154
164
2
45
94
33
98
51
7
43
121
51
43
16
60
150
80
119
135
18
22
27
65
23
32
43
104 183
81
116
109
105
113
52
122
29
25
191
112
149
179
160
170
71
186
49
35
295
54
165
.02
21
118
229
101
108
54
132
419
190
233
223
34
28
60
154
44
92 121
78|l21
263
153
28
161
350
152
151
70
192
569
270
oh-2
358
52
50
87
219
6
29
33
3
32
14
0
20
12
26
1
20
12
00
5
36
12
2
19
17
15
2
18
6
00
2
28
3:
29
19
24
7
18
13
20
40
7
10
0
12
55
30
7
42
34
25
36
8
16
112
40
30
76
21
3
24
2n
17
21
18
215
216
60
175
91
96
106
65
165
100
270
•227
00
325
88
330
290
135
46
60
30
406
80
127
105
•200
296
425
222
" 0
200
90
0
115
93
151
106
100
•225
2.!i0
160
90
2^20
70
65
514
250
190
150
40
110
290
184
•207
50
355
412
256
361
303
108
50
94
210
90
233
153
I87I.]
Statistics. — Massachusetts.
125
CH. MEMB'RS.
Admt'd
Removals
BAFT. 2
.
«.
-3
Jan.l, 1S70.
1869.
1S39.
1869. ^^
CnrKCHES,
Place <ind name.
13
Churches.
Name.
-
,,
f.
o
1
1
'5
CJ
■3
0
c
^
V
,
<
-
X
K 0
r.
■A
<
c
O
^
•k
fa
*<
Z^ ^
—
tj w
K r^
< ^
Stowe, Assabet, 1852
Sturbridge, 1736
Sudbury, Union, 1640
Sunderland. 1718
Sutton, 1st,' 17-JU
Swanipscott, 1st, ISlt
Taunton, Int. West, 1637
•' Trin.Cong., 1821
" Winslow, 1837
" Ev.Cong.East,185:-;
'• Un.\Vhittenion,1868
Templeton, 1832
Tewksbury, 173;';
Tiebury, Ibt, West, 1673
Tolland, 1797
Topsiicld, 1663
Townseiid, 1734
Truro, 1st, 17U
'• North, 1842
Tyngsborough, 1868
Upton, 173o
Uxbridge, 173u
Wakefield, 164,;)
Walpole, 1826
Waltham, 1820
Ware, let, 1751
Ware, 1826
Wareham, 1749
Warren, 1745
West, lh66
Warwick. Tr. Cong. ,1829
Washington, Un., 1772
Waterto\vn,I?hil'ps, 1855
Waylaiid, 1828
Webster. 1838
Wellfleet, 1st, 1730
" 2d, South, 1833
Wendell,Cenlre,lst 1774
Wenham, 1644
Westboruugh, 1834
West Bojlston, 1796
WestBro<iklield,lst 1717
Westfield, 1st, 1679
'2d, 1856
Westford, 1828
Westhampton, 1779
Westminster, 1742
West Newbury,l8t, 16:^8
" 2d, 1731
Westport, Pac. Un. ISoS
W.Koxbury.So.Kv. 1835
" Centr.il. .Jam.Pl. 1853
W. Springfield, 1st, 1698
" Mittineaque, 1850
W. St'kbridgc,Cent.l789
Village,1833
Weymouth, 1st, 1623
2d, South, 1723
" Landhig, 1811
" Union, feo.1842
" Pilgrim,N.1852
" East, 18nu
Wliately^ 1771
Wilbraham, 1741
" South, 17S5
Williamsburu, 1st, 1771
•' iiajdenville,1851
WilliamftUnvn, 1st, 1765
" College, 1834
No report.
M. L.Kichard8on,a.p.'80
Philander Thurston, '69
David Peck, '52
Franklin '&. Fellows, '58
None.
Thos. T. Richmond, '32
'Erastns Mnltby, '24
Mortimer Blake, d.d. '39
Fred. A. Reed, a.p. '48
Isaac Dunham, a.p. '35
Lewis Sabin, d.d. '36
None.
W. H.Sturtevant.a.p.'53
a.p,
'68
Irem W. Smith
None.
Geo. n. Morss. a p.
Edward W. Noble,
,S'«/>. by Methodht
Charles S. Brooks,
None.
Thomas C. Biscoe,
Charles R. Bliss,
H. R. Timlow,
Einathan E. Strong,
William G. Tuttle,
.\.E.P. Perkins, D.D.'44
Isaiah C. Thatcher, '44
Samuel J. Austin,
None.
Edward B. Bassett,
None.
James M. Bell,
Ellis R. Drake,
David M. Bean,
Samuel Fairlev,
.J. W.C. Pike,"a.p.
Brain'd B.Cutler,a.p
Will C. Wood,
None.
James H. Fitts,
Richard B. Bull. s.s.
Ellas H. Richardson, '54
Henry Hopkins, '61
None.
None.
Wm. H. Cutler, a.p. '65
Nathaniel Lasell,a.p.
K. P. McElroy,a.p.
Hartford P. Leonard,'63
William S. Hubbell, '68
None.
Henry M. Grout,
Perkins K. Clark,
Lewis Peunell,
Charles F. Bradley,
Joshua Emery,
George F. Stanton,
.v. A. Ellsworth, a.p.'62
None.
SamuelL.Rockwood, '40
Daniel W. Waldron, '67
John AV. Lane,
Marlin S. Howard,
E. B. Chamberlain,
William W. Parker,
Jas. P. Kimball, a.p.
/-"/. A. Hopkins, a.p.
fs. M. Hopkins, d.d.
'67
•70
'67
'6y
'60
•26
'55
'66
'68
'3
'5:
'58
'68
'e;
'50
'63
'37
'68
'59
'70
'58
'46
'33
'69
'35
'66
'60
'56
'56
'58
'57
'69
'36
•61
'69
'70
'49
'69
'GS
'6'.
"70
'65
•61
'65
'70
'OS
■'69
'65
•68
'68
'68
'69
'69
'70
'62
'67
66
74
63
113
36
33
IW
67
9
24
37
50
27
39
38
76
28
3
12
75
40
62 1
54
43
46
93
31
70
19
20
12
38
38
51
75
31
9
30
98
48
112
102
91
29
88
53
27
36
7
23
70
6S
20
23
15
42
2v»
49
SO
19
95
54
75
32
83
39
135
28
170
1-29
169
112
40
80
319
136
23
47
90
100
44
61
106
169
56
11
30
176
131
130
139
134
98
220
83
129
28
50
16
95
54
105
115
54
21
70
222
109
214
250
167
78
120
112
49
1C2
24
59
1-21
166
53
37
48
84
80
117
97
49
154
106
■244
h;2
282
148
50
113
438
203
32
71
1-27
150
71
luO
144
■235
84
14
4--
•251
171
19^.
193
180
144
313
114
199
4'
70
28
133
92
156
190
85
30
100
320
157
326
352
•258
107
208
165
70
138
31
82
191
2.34
73
60
63
1-26
109
166
127
68
249
160
1351210
70J102
144 1 ■2^27
1011140
•212i347
31 31
37
29
16
31
1
4
39
40
6
2
17
29
4
27
14
43
16
0
6
48
44
25
28
31
39
44
9
39
10
14
5
34
14
16
23
10
5
14
48
24
29
23
24
11
29
14
4
19
6
15
4.)
65
14
25
10
7
16
12
13
4
37
30
61
20
40
26
99
16
10
8
13
19
y
•2|l
0 9
liJ
I93
2u0
•■^25
I20
i.50
ir,o
350
337
loo
l63
\?A
•218
85
125
170
120
130
0
69
270
388
.65
•233
250
135
359
1.35
230
71
100
0
127
100
250
212
112
60
148
2.-jO
135
312
2..3
-335
100
00
VIO
40
276
89
108
259
200
117
20
125
P20
212
173
198
144
318
125
180
75
175
ISO
111
00
126
Statistics. — Massachusetts.
[Jan.
CnCRCHES.
Place and Name.
Ministers.
Name.
en
memb'r.s.
Adm
I'd
Removals
BAPT.
rz
Jan. 1,1870.
.1869.
186?.
1869.
o
c
s
F
aj
h9
<
V.
%^
.J
<
aj
li
<;
i. i-2
h
n
3
O
rC
L.
^
c
•i K
c
c
o
a
E&
H
<
J
H
«
^ w
c-
<^b
\Vill'mst'wn,2d, So. 18315
" White Oaks,1868
Wilminafton, 1733
Wincheudon, 1st, 1762
" North ,1813
Winchpster, 1840
Windsor, 1772
Woburn, 1st, 1642
" North, 1S49
■Worcester, 1st, 1716
" Calviuist, 1820
" Union, 1836
" S;ik'm St.. 1848
" Mission Chap., 1865
" Plymouth, 1860
Wortliiiiiiton, 1771
Wrentliam, 1st, 1692
Yarmouth, 1st, 1639
" West, 1S40
John 11. Dcnnison, '70
I'f. A. Hopliins, a.p. '69
None.
Willard Brigham,a p.'43
Davis Foster, '.oo
Reuben T. Robinson, '52
None.
Stephen R. Dennen, '55
None.
Royal B. Stratton, '48
Seth Sweetser, D.D., '36
Eben'r Cutler, d.d., '50
None.
II. T. Cheever, a.p. '47
None.
.Joseph F. Gaylord, '67
W. R. Tompli'ins, a.p. '56
John W. Dodge, '60
Jos. D. Strong, a.p. '53
14
7
41
33
59
120
12
193
16
188
77
140
98
14
So
51
43
49
6
31
45
6
13
93 134
47 SO
151
210
212
332
21
33
342
525
46
62
403
591
216
293
239
.379
200
298
29
43
127
212
79
130
160
203
109
158
18
23
85
00
1.50
100
205
300
90
520
100
434
180
313
460
134
570
200
175
225
Other Ministers.
Fred'k R. Abbe, Abinston.
Edward Abbott, Ass't Editor
Congrefiationalist, Cam-
bridgeport.
George E. Allen, Chelsea.
Marshall B. Angier, Hayden-
ville.
Marcus Ames, Sup't State In-
dustrial School, Lancaster.
Rufus Anderson, d.d., Bos-
ton.
Luther IT. Angier, Everett.
Lewis P. Atwood, North
Blandford.
William F. Bacon, Amesbury
Mills.
Abijah R. Baker, Dorchester.
Pliny F. Barnard, Westhamp-
ton.
William Barrows, d.d.. Sec.
Cong. Pub. Society, Boston.
Jolin Bascom, Prof., Wil-
liamslown.
Charles C. Beaman, Cam-
bridge.
Spencer F. Beard, Andover.
Willi.ara 11. Bctisom, East
Boston.
Richard S. Billings, Shel-
burne.
Isaac Bird, Great Barrington.
Oscar Bissell, Wendell.
Thomas E. BMss, Andover.
Henry B. Blake, IBelcherto^vn.
F. H. Boynton, Freetown.
Milton P. Braman, D. D., Dan-
vers.
David Bremner, Boxford.
Josiah Brewer, .Stookbridge.
Levi Brighaiu, Saiigus Centre.
David Biighani, Waquoit.
J. W. Brown, Wostborough.
Asa Bullard, Sec. Cong. Pub.
Society, Boston.
Ebenczer Bullard, West Roy-
alston.
A. Parke Burgees, Chelsea.
Daniel C. Burt, Fairhaven.
William Bushnell, physician,
Boston.
Daniel Butler, Sec. Mass.
Bible Society, Boston.
Elias Chnpman, Wakefield.
John W. Chickering, d.d.,
Sec. Suflblk Temp. Union,
Boston.
Benjamin F. Clarke, North
Chelmsford.
N. Georsre Clarke, D.D., Sec.
A. B. C. F. M., Boston.
Benj. F. C arke, Wellesley.
Dorus Clarke, D. D., Boston.
Timothy F. Clary, Wareham.
D<ina Ciayes, Waketield.
John P." Cleaveland, D.D.,
Newbury port.
Jay Clizbe, Amherst.
Asahel Cobb, Sandwich.
Nathaniel Cobb, Evangelist,
Kingston.
William S. Coggin, Boxford.
Nathaniel Cogswell, Yar-
mouth.
George W. Colm.an, Acton.
Henry Cooley, Springfield.
John P. Cowies, Principal
Young Ladies' Seminary,
Ipswich.
Josiah D. Crosby, Ashburn-
ham.
Joseph Vf. Cross, West Boyl-
ston.
Edward P. Crowell, Prof.,
Amherst.
Preston Cummings, Leicester.
Christopher Cashing, Sec.
Am. Cong. Union, Boston.
James R. Cushing, Marston's
Mills.
Elijah Cutler,
Artemas Dean, Westborough.
Henry M. Dexter, d.d.. Editor
of 'Confjregationalist, Bos-
ton.
N. S.Dickinson, Foxborough.
Lysander Dickerman,
Austin Dodge, Globe Villasre.
Sylvster R. Dole, Cliarle-
mont.
Calvin Durfee, d.d., Wil-
liamslown.
Francis Dyer.
Nathani'd H. Eggleston, Prof.,
Williamstown.
William T. Eiisti8,jr., pastor
of Memorial (Ind.) ch.,
Springfield.
Luther "Farnham, Sec. Gen.
Thcol. Library, Boston.
Leonard Z. Ferris, Lawrence.
James Fletcher, teacher, Dan-
vcrs.
Robert W. Fuller, Stowe.
Kbenezer Gay, Bridtrcwater.
Wakefield Gale, Easthampton.
William M. Gay, Cumraing-
ton.
Edward J. Giddings, Housa-
tonic.
Nathaniel H. Griffin, teacher,
WiUiainstown.
Ogden Hall, Chatham.
Thomas A. Hall, Otis.
Charls IIammon«l, Principal
Academy, Monson
Stcdman W. Hanks, Sec'y
Am. Seamen's Friend Socie-
ty, Cambridge.
Sewall Harding, Auburndale.
Eli W. Harrington, North
Beverly,
rhineas C. Headley, Boston.
Chas. J. Hinsdale, IMandford.
Ed. R. Hodgman, Lyunfield.
I. F. Holton, Medford.
Sidney Holman, Goshen.
Francis Homes, Lynn.
Edward W. Hooker, D.D.,
Boston Highlands.
Henry B. H oker D.n., Sec,
Mass. H. M. Soc'y, Boston.
Erastus Hopkins, JS^orthamp-
ton.
John C. Hutchinson.
Alexis W.Idp WeslMedway.
1871.]
Statistics. — Massachusetts.
127
Benj. F. Jackson, now in S.C.
Sam'l C Jackson, n.n., Assis.
Sec. Mass. Board of Educa-
tion, Andover.
Wm-C. Jackson, Soiitli Acton.
Forrest Jefferds,SoutIi Boston.
H. G. .losup. Amhprst.
George H. -Jewetr, Salem.
John E. B. Jewett, I'epperell.
Josepli B. Joliuson, Boston
Hitrlilands.
Caleb Kimball, Medway.
Matthew Kingman, Amherst.
Theodore A.Leete, Blandford.
Isaac T. Langworthy, Seo'y
Am. Cong. Assoc. Boston,
A. E. Lawrence, Housatonic.
John Lawrence, Maiden.
Edwin R. Lewis, Amherst,
Charles Livingstone.
Aretiie G. Loomis.
Chas. D. Lolhrop, Amherst.
Leonard I^ure, Westford.
Eph'im Lyman, Northampton.
Solomon Lyman, Easthamp-
ton.
T. Lyman, West Granville.
■V^'m. A. Mandell, Cambridge.
Benj.F.Maiiwell,Mattapoisett.
Elihu P. Marvin, D.D., Editor
oiNeics, Boston.
Richard H. Mather, Prof.,
Amherst.
Anson McLoud, Topsfield.
Charles M. Mead, Prof., Ando-
ver.
EUiridge W Mcrritt.Williams-
hurg.
Rodney A. ^[iller, Worcester.
Chas. L. Mills, Jamaica Plain.
Eli Moody, Montagne.
Sardis B. Morley, Pittsfield.
M. A. Munson, Huntington.
Ebenezer Newhall, Cam-
bridgeport.
Daniel P. Noyes, Secretary
Home Evang., Boston.
Theophilus Packard, Green-
field.
Calvin E. Park, teacher, West
Boxford.
Edwards A. Park, d.d., Prof.,
Andover.
H. W. Parker, Prof., Amherst.
John U. Parsons, Wellesley,
Jonas Perkins, Braintree.
F. B. Perkins, Jamaica Plain.
John B. Perry, Uuiv. Lecturer,
Cambridge.
Austin Phelps, d.d., Prof.,
Andover.
Winthrop H. Ptielps, South
Egremont.
Lebbeus R. Phillips, Groton.
John Pike, d.d., Rowley.
Jeremiah Pomeroy, So. Deer-
field.
Lemuel 8. Potwin, Sec. Am.
Tract Soc, Boston.
Francis G. Pratt, Middleboro'.
Henry Pratt, Dudley.
Miner G. Pratt, Sue, Andover.
Alonzo B. Rich, D.D., Beverly.
L. Burton Rockwood, Sec.
Am. Tr. Soc. N. E. Branch,
Boston.
Thomas H. Rood, "Westfield,
Augustine Root, Belohertown.
■\Villiam L. Ropes, Librarian,
Andover.
Baalis Sanford, East Bridge-
water.
Enoch Sanford, Raynham,
Wrn. H. Sanford, Worcester.
P. A. Schwarz, Missionary,
Greenfield.
Edwin Seabury, Boston.
.Julius H. Seelye, d.d, Prof.,
Amherst.
L. Clark Seelye, Prof., Am-
herst.
Alexander J. Sessions, Boston
Highlands.
Henry .^eyraour.EastHawley.
Benj. Southwortli, Hanson.
Wm. S. Smith, West Newton.
Egbert C. Smyth, d.d.. Prof.,
Andover.
Chas. V. Spear, Priu. Institute
Pittsfield,
Milan C. Stebbins, teacher,
Springfield.
Moody A. Stevens, Ashburn-
ham.
Edward P. Stone, Boston.
Timothy I). P. Stone, Chelsea.
Increase N. Tarbox, d.d.. Sec.
Am. Education Society,
Newton or Boston.
Jno. Tatlock, ll.d., Pittsfield.
John L. Taylor, d.d., Prof.
Theol. Sem., Andover.
Josiah T. Temijle, Framing-
ham.
Henry M. Tenney, in Min-
nesota.
James P. Terry, South Wey-
mouth.
Calvin Terry, North Wey-
mouth.
J. Henry Thayer, Prof., An-
dover.
Wm. M. Thayer, Sec. Mass.
Temp. Alliance, Franklin.
Leander Thompson, North
Woburn.
John R. Thurston, Newbury-
port.
Richard Tolman, Tewksbury
(now at Hampton, Va.).
Samuel U. Tolman, Wilming-
ton.
Joseph Tracy, D.D., Sec.
Mass. Colonization Soc,
Beverly.
George Trask, Anti-Tobacco-
nist, Fitchburg.
Selah B. Treat, Sec. A. B. C.
F. M., Boston.
Martyn Tupper, Hard wick.
James Tufts, Monson.
William Tyler, Auburndale.
Wm. S. Tyler, d.d., Prof.,
Amherst.
J. A. Vinton, South Boston.
James W. Ward, Lakeville.
J. Wilson Ward, Lakeville.
Aaroi Warner, D.D., Amherst.
Oliver Warner, Sec. of the
Coumionwealth, Boston.
Israel P. Warren, d.d., Bos-
ton.
John S. Whitman, Williams-
town.
John Whitney,
Cnarles H. S. Williams, Con-
cord.
Jonathan E. Woodbridg>",
Auburndale.
S.imuel Wiiodbury, Freetown.
Chas. L. Woodworth, Agent
Am. Missionary Associa-
tion, Boston.
Isaac 1{. Worcester, Editor
Missionary Herald, Au-
burndale.
Eben ezer B. Wright, Hunting-
ton.
LiCENTiATE.s, with date of
licensure.
Benjamin S. Adams. 1870,
Henry '1'. Arnold, 1870.
George \V. Barber, 1838.
Charles I>. Barrows, 1870.
William E. Boies, ISGO.
Amory H. Br.idford, 1869.
Ezra Brainard, 1867.
Josliua Buffnm 186-2.
Horace Bumstead, 1869,
Charles T. Collins, 1S70.
Joseph Cook, 18(37.
Charles E. Coolidge, 1869
i^idney Crawford, 1869.
Henry M. J>exter, 18iJ9.
Oliver P. Emerson, 1870.
Gilbert O. Fay, 1862.
Joseph E. Fiske, 1866,
George II. Hrench, 1S67,
Austin S. Gar ver, 1S70,
James T. Graves, 1869.
James C. Greenough, 1867.
Frederick A. Hand, 1870.
Charles E. Ilarwood, 1868.
George A. Jackson, 1870,
C. M. Jones, 1866.
John H. .lones, 1869.
George W. Kinne, 1870,
Burke F. Leavitt, 1870.
William L. Montague, 1866.
Charles Manning, lSij6.
James F. Merriam, 1889.
Charles H. Merrill, ls69.
Henry G. Marshall, 1869.
Lucien D. Mears, 1863.
Charles L. Mitchell, 1869.
Stephen .M. Newman. 1870.
Nathan R. Nichols, 1869.
George L. Nims, I81W.
Charles W. Park, 1869.
John W. Partridge, 1869.
Benjamin F. Parsons, 1868.
M. H. Pasco, 1887.
Joseph C. I'lumb, 1867.
Heniy D. Porter, 1869.
Levi Kodgers, 1870.
Andi'ew .J. Rogers, 1S69.
Charles II. Rowley, 1870.
Frederick A. SchaulHer, 1870.
Frank H. Snow, 1S66.
Charles M. Southgate, 1869.
William R. Stocking, 1870.
Charles E. Sumner, 1869.
-James B. Taylor, 1870.
'i'homas W. Thompson, 1862.
James A. Towle, 18iiS.
Henry M. Tyler, 186S. •
I.,onis B. Vuoihees, 1870.
John Wadhanis, 1870.
Thomas K. Willard, 1869.
Henry C. Woodruff, 1870.
128
Statistics. — Rhode Island.
[Jan.
SUMMARY. — Churches: 294 -with pastors; 119 with acting pastors; '9 vacant (including
6 supplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). 'I'otal, h'll.
Ministers : 20S pastors; 117 nctiii? pastors; 200 others. Total, 61.5. Licentiates, 66.
Church Me.mbers: 24,915 males; 65,151 females. Total, 80,066, — incluaiug ll,y83aljsent.
Gain, 9.
Additions in 1S69 : 2,S81 by profession ; 2,476 by letter. Total, 4,857.
l\E.MOVALs IN 1869: 1,-3.59 by death ; 2,308 by dismissal; 82 by excomm'n. Total, 3,749.
Baptisms in 1809: 1,218 adult; 1,103 infant.
In Sai!B.a.th Schools: 93,144, a loss of 700. Average attendance, 62,217, a gain of 1,068.
Benevolent Contributions: (449 churches, 405 lust year): §337,819.62, an increase of
$37,726.82.
CHANGES. — Churches: A^'ew, — Highland ch., in Boston; Gilbertville, in Hardwick;
North ch.,inl,ynn; Packardville, in Pelhani ; White Oaks, in AVilliamstown ; Plymouth
ch., Worcester. Dro-pped from ilie list, — Springfield st. eh., Boston ; 1st ch., Cuinming-
ton, txtinct ; one in Manchester, by union of two; Mount Washinifton, extinct.
Ministers: Ordina'ions, 16 pastors, 5 without installation. Installations, 25. Dismissals,
46. Deceased, 9 pastors, 14 without charge.
ORGAXIZATIOX. — Twenty-seven Associations of Ministers and twenty-four Conferences
of Churches are united in the General Association of the Congregamonal
CllURCHfcS OF MaSSACUL'SETTS.
RHODE ISLAND.
CH
MEMB'RS.
Adm
t'd
Removals
BAPT.^
^
Jan. 1,18
(0.
1869.
1869.
1869. S
Chcrches. "g
'c
Place and Name. ^
Ministers.
Name.
•
u
A
^
/.».-^— 02
c
"2
c
0
S
§
.^
c
0
.J
<
0
5
0
c
it
<
'■J
0
^
X
•X.
■■A
O
0
^
-5
fc,
H
<j
Cm
_1
C:
5_
^
'—
<
Ci
M
Barrington, 1667
Francis Horton,
'29
'56
50
117
167
15
0
0
0
3
3
2
8
0
l|l50
Bristol, 1687
( ■r.Shipard,D.D.,p.'18
\ J. P. Lane, p.e. '61
'35
'70
116
222
338
44
1
2
3
3
7
0
10
0
13
312
Central Falls, 1845
.J. H. Lyon, p.
'63
'67
56
1.56
212
40
7
5
12
2
7
0
9
3
1
300
Chepachet, 1846
Charles' Scott,
'70
8
10
18
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Kingston, 1820
-T. H. Wells,
'51
'62
18
41
59
8
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
S2
Little Compton, 1^04
G. F. W.alker, p.
'63
'67
46
105
151
29
3
0
3
5
0
0
8
0
0
170
Newpoit.U'dCc.ng. 1833
T. Thayer, d.d,, p.
'37
'41
61
145
206
00
4
0
4
2
1
0
3
2
4
428
" Union Cong. 18.59
M. Van Home,
'66
'68
7
33
40
0
27
1
28
2
(1
0
2
14
1
9.5
North Scituate, 1834
T. L. Ellis,
'59
•68
19
39
58
16
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
130
Pawtuoket, 1829
C. Blodgett, D.D., p.
'30
'.36
80
251
331
60
0
4
4
5
5
1
11
0
6
277
S. Kinestiiwn, 2d, 1857
(i. W. Fisher,
'65
'68
15
25
40
10
3
4
1
0
1
0
0
2
103
fioneticent, 1743
•T. G. Vose, p.
'57
'66
132
358
490
60
14
15
29
6
8
0
14
7
12
475
o Kiohmond St 1793
S. IT. Emery,
'37
'69
77
195
272
51
6
6
12
3
7
0
10
0
3
4^2
g lli:;h St., 1333
T. T. Munger,
'56
'70
96
206
.302
70
7
5
12
:i
94
0
97
7
12
;U4
^ Free Evang., 1843
E. O. Bartlett, p.
'63
'6S
87
221
308
36
59
11
70
1
5
0
22
0
333
•J Elm wood, 1851
U. A. Wales, p.
'66
'66
32
47
79
19
3
1
4
II
1
0
2
0
225
o Central, 1852
None.
109
263
372
00
8
7
15
4
8
0
12
0
1
324
U Charles St., 1865
None.
22
51
73
8
4
5
!)
3
4
0
0
4 200
I'ilgrim, 1869
T. Laurie, D.D., p.
'42
'69
29
66
95
2
4
10
14
0
0
0
3
0 375
River Point, 1849
None.
13
41
54
29
0
5
5
0
4
0
0
0 80
Slalersville, 1816
W. llazclwood.
'69
'68
40
120
160
53
5
8
13
1
3
3
5
2 268
'IMverton, 1743
.\. L. Whitman,
'34
'66
7
29
36
0
8
0
8
0
1
0
8
Oiiau
We-tcrlv. 1843
E. \V. Hoot, p.
'50
'67
46
9!
137
12
6
4
10
2
5
0
3
2 135
Woonsockft, Globe, 1834
H. E. Johnson,
'59
'69
13
25
38
11
•>
5
7
0
0
0
0
1
0 132
" Plvmouth, 1867
E. Douglass,
'55
'67
17
41
58
5
1
12
13
1
0
0
1
1
0
115
Jonathan Lcavitt, Providence.
Orin F. Otis, Pro\idence.
Sam'l .S. Tappan, Providence.
Reuben Torrey. EIniwood.
Nathan W. Williams, Provi-
dence.
Thomas Williams, Providence.
Francis Wood, Barrington.
Licentiate.
W. A. Mowry, Providence.
Other Ministers.
J. Lewis Diman, Prof., Prov-
idence.
Walter P. Doc, Providence.
William Gould, Pawtucket.
SUMM.VTiA''. — Churches: 10 with pastors; 11 with acting pastors; 4 vacant. Tot.\l, 25.
Ministers: lOtjastors; 11 acting p.istors; 10 others. TbT.\L, 31. Licentiate.!.
Church Me.mbeks: 1,196 males; 2,893 females. Total, 4,094,— including 589 absent.
Gain, 69.
Adhitions in 1869: 172 by profession ; 110 by h'tter. Total, 282.
Removals in 1869: 47 tiy death; 08 by dismissal ; 6 by escunmunicatio'i. Total, 142.
BaiTI-ms in 1809: so adults; 70 infants. IN Sabb,a.tii SniOnLS: 5,623. Gain, 231.
Benevolent Contributions (20 churches, 20 last year) : $17,074, a decrease of $147.
(HANGKS.- Churches: A'f^c, none. Dronped, none. (Pilirrim church, Providi-nce, w.is
organized in the year, but was iiwlndci], without strict ai-rurnry, in lust j'ear's list.)
Ministers: Ordiiiaiioas, none. Installations, one. Dismissals, 2. Deceased, one p.isior.
OUGANIZ.VTIOX. — Rhode Island CovgrfgatiovalConference, meetingtwice a year.
OiiC Ab^ocialion of ministers, meeting four times a year.
i87i.]
Statistics. — Connecticut.
129
CONNECTICUT.
Churches.
Place and Name.
Ministers,
Name.
CH. MEMB'RS.
Jan. 1, 1870.
U
Admt'd
1869.
Removals
1869.
E
Oi3
X 1 c
Samuel Ingham, s.p.
B.B. Hopkin8on,8.p. '52
Chas. C. Bcaman,s.p. '39
Alf. Goldsmith, s.p. '38
None.
John R. Freeman, '56
None.
Alfred T. Waterman,'64
Leavitt H. Hallock, '67
None.
Robert C. Bell, '69
George W. Banks, '66
Jnmcs B. CIeaveland,'52
William B.B. Moore, '65
Warren G. Jones, s.p. '33
None.
None.
Elijah C.Baldwin, '60
None.
Edwin Johnson, '51
John G. Davenport, '68
William H. Dean, '64
Webster W. Belden, '70
Asa C. Pierce, '65
Cha.s. N. Seymour, '44
None.
Jos. E. Swallow, s.p. '48
It (< (t
Chas. P. Grosvenor, '34
.Jos. W. Sessions, s.p. '33
Austin Gardner, s.p. '60
Alexander Hall, '64
Francis Williams, '41
None.
George W. AndrewB,'6
None.
Henry E. Hart, • '66
John M.«^V'olcott, '61
Wm. D. Morton, s.p. '64
Wm. E. Brooks, '67
Samuel G. Willard, '48
Hiram Bell, s.p. '40
Henry A. Russell, s.p. '54
Frederick D. Avery, '50
Elias B. Sanford, '69
Jesse Brush, '59
John P. Hawley, '69
Wm. J. Jennings, '50
None.
Alvah L. Frisbie, '50
David A. Easton, '69
C. S. Walker, a.p.
Thomas M. Gray,
.John Willard, s.p. '55
Wm. S. Adamson, s.p
None.
Albert C. Hurd, s.p. '58
Sumner Clark, s.p. '45
R. M. Chipman, s.p. '35
Silas W. Kobbins, '53
Aaron C. Beach, '42
Daniel W. Teller, '70
Theodore J. Holmes, 'c9
D. Wm. Havens, '47
J. S. C. Abbott, s.p. '30
None.
Martin Dudley, '51
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. I.
Andover,
1749
Ashford,
1718
" Westford,
176S
Avon, West Avon,
1751
" Avon,
1819
Barkhamsted,
1781
" Riverton,
1842
Berlin, Kensington
1712
" Berlin,
1775
Bethany,
1763
Bethel,
1700
Bethlehem,
1739
Bloomfield,
1738
Bolton,
1725
Bozrah,
17.39
" Bozrahville
1828
" Fitchville,
18.i4
Branford,
1646
Bridgeport, 1st,
1696
2d,
1830
" East,
1868
Bridgewater,
1809
Bristol,
1747
Brookfield,
1757
Brooklyn,
1734
Burlington,
1782
Canaan,
1741
" Falls Village,
1858
Canterbury,
1711
" Westminster,
1770
Canton, Centre,
1750
" Collinsville
1832
Chaplin,
1810
Chatham, M.H. 1st
,1740
•' E.Hampton. 1st
1748
" Mid.Had.L'ding
,1855
"E.Hamp'n, U'u,
1856
Cheshire,
1724
Chester,
1742
Clinton,
1667
Colchester,
1703
" Westchester,
1729
Colebrook,
1795
Columbia,
1716
Cornwall,
1740
" North,
1782
Coventry, South,
1712
" 2d,
1745
Cromwell,
1715
Danbury, 1st,
1696
2d,
1851
Darien,
1744
Derby, let.
1677
" Birmingham,
1846
" Ansonia,
1850
Durham, 1st, ,.
" Centre, *
1710
1847
Eastford,
1778
East Granby,
1737
EastHaddam,
1714
" " Millington,1736
" " Hadlyme,
1745
East Hartford,
1695
East Haven, 1st,
1711
" Fair Haven,2d,1852
East Lyme,
1724
Easton,
1763
12
45
12
43
41
16
12
42
103
13
108
52
3'
22
2.3
11
12
87
125
114
33
29
118
34
45
26
29
16
27
39
73
115
59
14
6]
14
"5
104
71
96
97
31
10
65
41
82
35
40
36
115
50
5
60
41
67
40
29
44
1
82
32
26
89
104
43
27
42
39
73
27
82
82
37
43
82
ISO
27
1S2
84
97
51
39
21
23
180
255
233
69
71
252
77
120
4'
78
39
49
69
112
1
93
33
99
28
58
192
125
143
196
72
46
109
5
125
89
10
117
243
100
121
100
119
120
71
56
65
25
154
52
70
302
162
143
39
84
51
118
39
125
123
53
55
124
283
40
290
1.36
134
73
62
32
35
267
380
347
102
101
370
111
165
73
107
55
76
108
185
292
152
47
160
42
93
296
196
239
293
103
56
174
126
20
124
156
153
358
150
178
160
160
187
111
85
109
4
236
84
96
.391
266
186
66
126
6
23
1
13
7
2
7
13
14
4
27
1«
10
22
1
0
26
7
28
20
3
18
29
24
23
8
12
2
8
10
21
35
23
2
9
7
10
27
19
16
44
12
6
11
9
25
19
16
15
13
40
26
0
9
21
15
16
34
3
37
2
20
45
6
1
7
9
12
0
0 1
13
0
I
6
0
4
1
23
14
1
5
7
0
1
4
0
0
7
18
3'
1;
1
10
0
3
1
0
0
3
4
5
1
0
0
7
0
0
3
4
4
34
0
1
3
3
2
1
4
5
16
3
1
12
0
10
0
5
0
0
2
4
12
13
9
13
0
1
65
54
60
KO
65
Ki3
194
293
0
293
100
120
104
71
45
0
395
405
75
0
60
210
50
180
70
102
65
112
100
275
0
120
0
2C0
94
90
320
200
200
311
120
95
202
132
245
140
174
200
280
125
238
160
131
225
100
68
84
38
115
50
100
389
300
225
64
100
130
Statistics. — Coiuiecticut.
[Jan.
CH. MEMB'RS.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.j
,
Jan. 1, 1870.
1869.
1869.
1869. 0
CnCRCHES. %
Place and Name. £»
Ministers . rA
0
_/^
A
^-- °°
ill &X1 ^<J A .A-« A%i.J t \J
Name. "g
c
s
0
"a
a
0
<
0
c
J2
0
0)
<
a;
a
hi
<
p
to
O
O
U
S
fa
H
<
a.
J
C,
Q_
C
^
<
.5
1— (
East Windsor, 1752
David H. Thayer, '53
'f6
64
131
196
12
3
0
3
3
1
0
4
1
3
172
" Broad Brook, 1^51
L. T. Spaulding, s.p.'64
'69
28
55
83
10
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1.50
Ellington, 1730|George I. Wood,8.p.'40
'69
64
1.32
196
•20
39
7
46
1
10
0
11
21
3
215
Enfield, 1683
None.
79
123
202
15
4
1
5
4
2
0
6
4
4
100
" North, 1855
Chas.A.G. Brigham, '51
'55
43
74
117
8
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
1
00
Essex ,Cc n trebrook ,1 725
J. B. Stoddard, s.p. '44
'69
35
66
91
11
0
3
3
1
0
0
1
0
2
77
" Essex, 1852
Henry W. Teller, '70
'70
53
98
151
20
1
0
1
3
3
2
8
0
3
100
Fairfield, 1650
Edw. E. Rankin, D.D. '44
'66
40
113
163
10
1
3
4
2
4
0
6
1
0
120
" Greenfield, 1726
K. Piercy Hibbard, '68
•68
54
106
160
23
3
0
3
1
2
0
3
2
1
150
" Bouthport, 1843
George E. Hill, '51
'70
25
96
121
0
0
1
1
4
2
0
6
0
1
70
" Black Kock, 1849
[F.W. Williams, Pr'b.]
"66
22
44
66
1
3
1
4
2
2
0
4
2
3
80
Farmington, 1652
None.
88
185
273
25
0
2
0
5
.7
0
i
0
5
233
" UnionviUe, 1841
Thomas E. Davies, '65
'69
63
113
176
17
4
13
17
1
8
0
9
1
2
245
Franklin, 1718
Franklin C.Jones, '63
'63
44
83
1-27
16
0
0
0
4
0
2
6
0
2
170
Glasteiibury, 1692
.losiah E. Kittredge, '69
'69
72
172
244
4
8
8
16
4
6
0
9
0
13
317
" Buckingham, 1731
Jairus Ordway, '48
'67
34
59
93
6
1
0
1
4
1
0
6
1
2
156
" Bouth, 1836
Henry M. Rogers,
'70
22
75
97
22
2
1
3
1
8
0
9
2
0
185
Goshen, 174U
Wra. T. Doubleday, '47
'64
65
120
185
27
5
0
5
5
1
0
6
2
2
•200
Granby, 1739
Thomas D. Murphj', '68
'68
29
75
104
15
2
3
5
4
1
0
5
2
3
150
Greenwich, Mianus, 1707
Wm. P. Hammond, s.p.
'67
27
79
106
10
1
1
2
1
3
0
4
1
6
60
" 2d, 1716
Frederick G. Clark, '45
'67
142
284
426
12
0
4
4
3
11
0
14
0
15
440
" Stanwich, 1735
John S. Bane, '69
'69
36
83
119
7
0
3
3
2
5
0
7
0
0
180
" No. Greenwich, 1827
Wm. P. Alcott, '68
'68
48
85
1.33
15
2
9
11
1
6
0
7
0
7
158
Griswold, 1720
None.
44
79
1-23
27
0
0
0
6
3
1
10
0
1
115
" Jewett City, 1825
J. W. Tuck, '43
'66
36
77
113
19
0
1
1
3
8
0
11
0
1
160
Groton, 1705
None.
29
92
121
25
0
2
2
5
2
0
7
0
0
130
Guilford, Ist, 1639
Cornelius L. Kitchel, '70
'70
no
177
287
16
15
6
20
7
11
0
18
3
1
200
" North, 1725
William Howard, '59
'65
42
48
90
6
10
4
14
.7
0
0
2
0
3
109
" 3d, 1843
George M. Uoynton, '63
'68
74
117
19:
4
10
18
28
3
10
2
16
4
14
•205
Haddam, 1675
James L. Wright, '39
'55
45
73
118
13
0
2
0
4
3
0
7
0
3
105
" Higganum,1844
Sylvester Hine, s.p. '48
'68
27
107
134
10
0
3
3
2
3
0
6
0
0
180
Hamden, Mt.Carm'l 1761
None.
28
83
111
6
0
1
1
2
2
0
4
0
0
135
" Whitneyville, 1795
Austin Putnam, '54
'38
44
89
133
8
2
3
5
4
10
0
14
1
7
no
Hampton, 1723
C. M. Jones, a. p. '69
'70
39
104
143
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
70
Hartford, Ist, 163b
George H. Gould, '62
'64
197
35rt
563
25
9
24
33
3
19
0
2''
2
8
630
" 2d, 1670
Edwin P. Parker, '60
'60
YM
2So
43o
50
6
14
•20
10
11
0
21
3
10
360
" Park, 1824
Nath'l J.Burton, d.I>.'53
'70
116
222
338
60
1
8
9
10
11
0
21
0
0
200
" 4th, 1832
C. M. Wines, p.e. '66
►'70
142
28S
430
100
1
6
6
4
9
0
13
1
3
175
" Talcott St., 1833
Reading B. Johns, '66
'68
24
71
96
30
18
4
22
2
0
0
2
6
0
150
" Pearl St., 1852
Wm. L. Gage, '60
'68
161
227
37 ~
16
11
15
26
2
13
11
26
4
7
300
" Asylum mil, 1865
Joseph H. Twitchell, '65
'65
96
139
235
4
3
18
21
2
3
0
6
0
8
225
Hartland, 1768
.John B. Doolillle, '64
'67
18
32
50
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
120
" West, 1780
Charles G. Goddard, '50
'5h
14
26
40
8
0
0
0
7
1
0
8
0
0
100
Harwinton, 1737
George Curtiss, '65
'69
97
143
240
14
0
3
3
5
14
0
19
0
4
225
Hebron, 1717
None.
53
100
153
20
2
2
4
0
1
0
1
0
1
r20
Gilcad, 1750
Albert W. Clark, '68
'68
31
58
89
5
4
6
10
6
1
0
6
2
1
142
Huntington, 1724
liOring B. Marsh, '69
'0!'
42
82
124
8
0
2
9
1
2
0
3
0
0
1'20
Kent, 1741
Edward P. Payson, '64
'67
46
99
145
8
9
4
13
3
8
0
11
1
2
215
Killingly, South, 1746
W. W, Atwater, s.p. '50
'60
13
26
39
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
45
West, 18ul
Jere. Taylor, D.D., '47
.John H . Mellish, s.p. '55
'69
107
213
320
70
8
10
18
6
4
0
9
5
1
A-l^i
" Payville, 1849
'68
'l\
48
69
13
0
0
0
4
2
0
6
0
0
220
Killingworth, 1738
William Miller, s.p. '45
'69
100
175
275
39
0
7
7
3
1)
0
14
0
6
200
Lebanon, 1700
Orlo D. Hine, '41
'56
68
121
l89
S
0
1
1
2
2
1
5
0
2
125
" Gofhen, 1729
Daniel B. Lord, '68
'08
26
62
88
8
3
0
3
0
2
0
2
1
1
135
" Exeter, 1773
John Avery, '48
'48
32
69
91
12
0
3
3
6
2
3
10
0
1
113
Ledyard, 18lo
Charles Cutting, '68
•68
77
94
171
6
96
6
1112
0
0
0
0
81
1
185
Lisbon, 1723
John Haskell, s.p. '50
'67
38
42
80
10
0
1
1
0
3
0
3
0
0
70
Litchfield, 1722
Henry H. Elliot, s.p. '43
'70
72
176
248
5
4
2
6
7
7
0
14
1
4
160
" North field, 1796
Hiram N. Gates, s.p. '.50
'66
33
55
88
4
1
4
5
4
2
0
6
1
4
134
" Millon, 1798
Geo. J. Hiirrison, s.p. '49
'54
17
37
54
6
0
2
2
1
1
0
2
0
■I
39
Lyme, 1727
Enoch F. Burr, d.u. '50
'5'l
38
91
1-29
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
" Grassy Hill, 1757
William A. Hyde, '33
'67
18
32
50
8
0
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
2
45
Madison, let, 1707
James A. Gallup, '54
'65
157
231
388
30
0
1
3
9
3
0
12
0
1
375
North, 1767
b^rancis Dyer, a p.
'70
39
56
95
13
7
6
12
1
3
6
9
3
0
170
Manchester, 1779
None.
85
158
•243
9
4
3
7
4
0
0
4
1
2
150
North, 1851
Bdwin A. Adams, '68
'68
46
76
122
12
3
9
12
0
3
0
6
2
4
137
Mansfield, Centre, 1710
Kiah B. Glidden,s.p. '60
'69
36
104
140
10
6
12
17
12
4
0
16
3
0
120
1744
Moses C. Welch, '62
'67 23 1
62
85
12
4
3
7
2
2
0
4 31
0
95
Marlborough, 1749
S.G.W. Rankin, s.p. '41
'67
20I
43
63
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
Ol
0
79
iS/i.]
Statistics. — Connecticut.
131
CH. MEMB'RS.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.m
1869. 3
Churches.
'C
MiNI.STERS. -c
Jan. 1, 1870.
1869.
1869.
0
c
f— \]
,
Place and Name.
0
Name. "g
"a
0
"n
a
<
0
c
a.
J2
<
p
a
0
s
1.
<
0
X
3
«
5
^
0
C
Q S 1
&:
H
<
- J
Q QIalHl
■<
;2
Meriden, West,
1729
W. L. Gaylord, p.e. '60
'70
193
278
471
27
0
7
7
10
9
3
22
0
2
300
" Centre,
1848
Joseph J. Woolley, '60
'62
81
132
213
12
4
9
13
1
9
0
10
2
2
212
youth,
1853
None.
16
24
40
9
0
2
2
1
3
0
4
0
2
150
Middlebiiry,
1796
Clinton Clark, s.p. '45
'65
65
111
176
13
3
0
3
5
5
0
10
2
2
160
Middlefic'ld,
1808
A. C. Denison, s.p, '51
'68
25
69
94
7
3
8
11
1
0
0
1
1
2
117
Middletown, 1st,
1668
Azel W. Hazen, '69
'69
59
198
257
34
5
6
11
6
6
0
11
2
3
175
" South,
1747
John P. Taylor, '68
'68
46
114
160
0
16
9
24
5
4
0
9
6
1
401
3d,
1773
Ed w. T. Hooker, s.p. '68
'69
69
66
125
27
1
1
2
2
9
0
11
0
2
135
Milford, 1st,
1639
Albert J. Lyman, '70
'70
154
346
500
28
16
5
21
12
10
1
23
7
9
352
" 2d;
1741
George H. Griffin, '65
'65
82
178
260
15
0
3
3
2
6
0
8
0
8
1.50
Monroe,
1764
Wm. B. CurtisB, s.p. '43
'69
36
80
116
12
1
0
1
0
4
0
4
1
0
60
Montville.
172]
W. M. Birchard, s.p. '43
'68
32
61
9S
10
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
0
1
140
" Mohegan,
1S:52
Clar. F. Muzzy, s.p. '38
'66
6
17
23
6
4
0
4
1
0
0
1
3
*?
110
Morris,
1768
D.D.T.McLaughlin,'46
'67
46
83
128
15
2
4
6
3
2
0
5
1
1
189
Naugaliick,
1781
C. C. Painter, s.p. '63
•69
51
141
192
39
19
2
21
1
2
0
3
6
18
273
New Britain, lf=t,
17.58
None.
146
266
412
30
9
10
19
4
9
0
1.3
5
15
390
" South,1842
Constans L. Goodell,'59
'59
159
290
449
3
76
31
107
3
12
0
15
35
35
604
New Canaan,
17.33
None.
44
156
200
15
2
0
0
3
1
1
5
1
11
120
New Fairfield,
1742
[Chas. B. Dye, Pr'6.]
'68
10
43
53
6
1
1
0
1
4
0
5
0
1
90
NewHartford, let,
1828
Sanford S. Martyn, '68
'70
34
101
135
19
15
5
20
0
1
6
7
3
0
1.36
" South
,1848
None.
43
82
125
13
0
0
0
4
5
0
9
0
0
121
New Haven, 1st,
1639
( L. Bacon, d.d., '24
) G.L.Walker, D.D., '58
'25
'68
154
398
552
71
23
56
79
16
15
0
31
7
4
232
" North,
1742
Edward L. Clark, '61
'67
203
419
622
30
18
34
52
6
14
0
20
7
10
379
"Yale College,
17.'^3
None.
135
46
181
00
14
22
36
3
26
0
29
2
'7
129
" 3d,
1826
DavidMurdoch, d.d ,'50
'69
117
217
334
45
1
'0
1
6
.35
0
41
0
1
225
" Temple St.,
1829
None.
13
47
60
00
0
0
0
2
1
4
7
0
1
100
" FairHav.lst,
1830
Henry T. Staats, '60
'69
67
211
278
38
3
10
13
\
t|
0
10
1
1
240
" College St.,
1831
James W.Hubbell, '04
'69
145
297
442
83
5
45
50
14
45
20
85
0
11
290
" Westville,
1832
James L. Willard, '5.5
'55
95
126
220
00
2
11
13
2
10
0
12
0
6
145
"Howe Street,
1838
G. B. Newcorab,s.p. '61
'69
77
213
290
35
8
6
14
1
25
0
26
3
3
350
" Chapel St.,
1838
John E. Todd, '60
'69
181
.352
533
75
0
6
6
8
54
8
70
0
8
:186
" Davenport,
186-.;
None.
23
52
75
3
1
2
3
3
9
0
12
0
4
175
" Howard Av.
186.5
O.H. White, D.D , '51
'66
82
128
210
6
40
44
84
2
7
2
11
16
9
270
" East,
1869
Robt.G. S.McNeille, '70
'70
28
49
77
2
15
63
78
1
0
0
1
5
0
oOO
New London, 1st,
1670
Thos. P. Field, D.D., "40
'56
66
142
198
33
0
2
2
5
0
0
5
0
0
398
" 2d,
1S.3.T
None.
113
258
371
57
4
4
8
1
5
0
6
4
2
;i64
New Milford,
1716
•Tames B. Bonar,
'70
100
250
350
25
0
12
12
5
12
0
17
0
7
230
Newtown,
1715
Henry B. Smith, '46
'67
17
78
95
6
3
0
3
1
0
1
2
2
3
1.35
Norfolk,
176U
Jos. Eldridge,D.D., '32
'32
85
179
264
13
1
4
6
4
F
1
10
1
6
300
North Branford,
1724
Kdson L. Clark, s.p. '59
'67
44
71
115
13
2
2
4
0
6
3
14
1
1
60
" Nonhford,
17.50
G. I)eF. Folsom, s.p.
'69
45
80
125
20
0
0
0
2
2
0
4
0
0
130
North Canaan,
1769
Isaac P. Powell, '68
'69
46
88
133
7
6
2
8
3
1
1
5
5
4
214
North Haven,
1718
Wm. T. Keynolds, '52
'69
133
207
340
40
0
1
1
5
0
0
5
0
2
315
North Stonington,
1727
None.
37
67
104
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
70
Norwalk,
1652
None
94
272
366
10
5
11
16
6
14
0
20
0
7
375
" South,
1836
Homer N Dunning, '52
'66
114
208
,322
18
1
17
18
1
12
0
13
1
12
:',00
Norwich, 1st,
1660
H. P. Arms, d.d., '39
'36
77
186
263
20
1
3
4
4
f'
0
9
1
6
243
" 2d,
1760
M;ilcom McG. Dana, '63
'64
158
281
439
20
6
11
17
4
4
0
8
3
11
400
" Greeneville
, 1833
Robert P. Stanton, '48
'56
85
174
259
20
2
7
9
2
6
3
10
0
11
283
" Broadway
,1842
Daniel Merriman, '68
'68
161
285
44e
31
13
19
32
6
16
2
23
6
8
20
" Taftville,
1867
W. A. Benedict, s.p. '49
'68
5
12
17
2
4
0
4
0
(1
0
0
1
2
55
Old Lyme,
1693
Davis S. Brainerd, '41
'41
60
119
179
6
0
1
1
4
0
0
4
0
4
188
Old Saybrook,
1646
Salmon McCall, '63
'53
93
151
244
37
0
9
9
2
0
1
3
0
4
135
Orange, W. Haven
1719
None.
75
120
195
13
4
1
6
1
1
0
2
1
0
-73
<i
1805
None.
40
102
142
10
0
1
1
2
2
0
4
0
0
80
Oxford,
1745
John Churchill, B.p. '40
'69
28
64
92
4
0
0
0
0
6
0
6
0
ti
113
Plaiufield,
1705
William Phipps, '40
•69
16
38
53
2
0
3
3
2
1
0
3
0
3
80
" Central Vil.
1846
G. J.Tillotson, s.p. '31
'70
13
51
64
16
0
0
0
1
5
0
6
0
0
75
" Wauregan,
1856
S. H. Fellows, s.p. '59
'59
6
16
22
6
0
2
2
0
4
0
4
0
0
162
Plainville,
1840
Chas. L. Aver, s.p. '59
'69
81
168
249
16
1
12
13
6116
0
22
1
4
00
Plymouth,
1739
Elias B. Hillard, '55
'69
54
110
164
18
4
7
11
111
0
12
0
2
.65
" Thomaston
,1837
Joseph W. Backus, '52
'67
96
147
243
4
11
12
23
5 11
0
16
2
6
:'45
" Terryville,
1838
None.
92
133
225
10
4
6110
4
8
0
12
1
12
15
Pomfret,
1715
Henry F. Hyde, '64
'67
50
101
151
41
4
1
5
4
7
6
16
3
4
22
" Abington
,1753
David Breed, s.p. 'SC
'68
2S
74
102
9
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
60
Portland,
1721
Isaac C. Meserve, '6£
'6£
21
64
7£
1
0
S
^
..
2
0
0
2 0
1
85
" Central,
1851
None. 1
0^
! 6-f
76
IC
01 c
C
4
'*
c
6 0
t
63
Preston
1698
Asher H. Wilcox 'S.p.'S
j1'7(
) 3'
) 7t
>11J
) It
t
»l c
) (
)l C
0
0
C
1 c
2
150
132
Statistics. — Connectiait.
Jan.
Churches.
Place and name.
MiMSTERS.
Kame.
CH. memb'rs Admt'd Removals bapt.m
Jan. 1, 1870.
1869.
Prospect,
Putnam, East,
1798
1715
1848
Beddins, 1733
Ridgetield, 1712
" Kidgebury, 1768
Kocky Hill, 1727
Roxbury, 1744
Salem, 1793
Salisbury, 1744
Saybi'k.Deep Riv'r,1834
Scotland, 17.16
Seymour, 1817
Bharon, 1740
" Ellsworth, 18U2
Sherm.nn, 17.51
Simsbiiry, 1P82
" Tariffville, 1862
Somers, 172'
fcouthbury, 173;
" Souib Brit<iin,1769
Boutbington, 1728
" I'laiits-rille, 1865
South "\Viii(l.-or. 1690
" Wiipping, 183(j
Sprague. ILmovcr, 1766
" Eagleville, 1866
Stafford, 1723
" West, 1764
" Stafford Pp'ss, 1850
" Staffordviile"; 1853
Stamford, 1641
" Koitb, 1782
" Loig Hidge, 184:
Stonington, 1st, 1674
" 2d, 1833
" Pawcatuck, 1843
" Mystic Bridge, 18.J2
Stratford, 1640
Suffield, ' 1698
•' West, 1744
Thompson, 1730
Tolland, 1717
Torrington, 1741
" Torringford, 1762
" Wolcotlville, 1832
Trumbull, 1730
Union, 1738
Vernon, 1762
" Kockvillfi,l8t, 183'
" KocUville,2d, J849
" Talootuillc, 1867
Volunt'n & Sterl'g, 1779
Wallingford, 16 '
Warren, 1766
Washington, 1742
" New i'reston, 1757
" New " mil, 1757
1689
1852
1738
1726
1713
1757
'42
'65
.'65
'50
'65
'31
'56
'70
.'63
'37
'34
Waterbury, Ist,
2d,
Watertown,
Westbrook,
West Hartford,
Weston,
Westport, Green's
Farms, 1715
" Wcstpurt, ISSii
Wethersfield, 1641
" Newington, 17
F. W. Chapman, s.p. '32 '66
None.
None.
C. Chamberlain, B.p.
Pliny S. Biiyd,
August. Alvord, s.p
Merrick Knight,
A. Goodeuough, s.p.
Lent S. Hough, s.p
Adam Reid, D.D.,
Wm. H. Knouse,
None.
None.
A.. B. Bullions.
Oscar Bissell, s.p.
James P. Hoyt,
J. L. Tomliuton,s.p
None.
None.
Asa B. Smith, s.p.
[H. S.Newcoinb, Pr'h.]
Elisha C. Jones, '37
Wm. R. Eastman, '62
Geo. A. Bowman, '4S
Winfield S. Hawkcs, '68
L. H. Barber, s.p. '43
W. A. Benedict, s.p. '49
None.
Ira Peiiibone,
None.
None.
Richard B. Thureton,'48
Josiah Peabody, s.p. '39
Stephen Huhbell,
Paul Couch, s.p.
Edward W. Gilman
Edward W. Root,
William Clift,
William K. Hall,
Walter Barton,
Stephen Harris, s.p.
Andrew Dunning,
None.
None.
None.
Edward W. Bacon,
Nathan T. Merwin,
Samuel I. Curtiss,
Reuben S. Kendall,
None.
Asa S. Fiske,
George A. Oviatt,
Joseph Ayer,
Edwin R. Gilbert,
William E. Bassett, '56
Willis 8. Colton, '56
Henry Upson, '62
John A. Woodhull, s.p.
Jos. Anderson, s.p. '68
None.
Stephen Fenn, '54
Geo. A. Bryan, s.p. '49
Mj-ron N. Morris, '46
Zalmon B. Burr, s.p. '43
'30
'2'
'49
'63
'62
'64
'61
'42
'69
'65 1 '65
'32i'43
'45 '67
'60
'3S
'25
'32
Benjamin J. Relyea, '46
Andrew J. Hetrick, '65
Aaron C. Adams, '39
None.
44
14
83
56
68
6
29
65
22
62
73
38
34
40
35
29
54
2
72
26
5;
131
91
26
2f,
36
10
1
34
28
55
151
99
137
11
111
109
48
136
129
89
40
6
.32
64
46
3
76
6'
20
6'
35
2,
4:
Wo
06
18
43
55
107
61
10
91
48
105
34
24
107
107
70
60
103
32
70
53
84
69
111
50
60
118
10
168
63
78
51
118
89
63
57
13
15
56
64
22
196
84
1
61
145
91
97
192
154
40
122
71
40
85
121
91
33
97
106
192
110
41
198
64
139
69
45
249
188
145
110
195
68
102
103
196
123
120
69
234
155
205
17
140
174
70
188
202
127
110
151
85
172
12
240
89
130
382
209
115
88
93
23
16
90
92
30
273
124
24
93
209
137
134
268
221
60
189
106
05
128
176
157
51
140
161
299
171
51
289
112
244
103
69
356
295
215
170
298
100
172
156
280
192
0
0
11
3
3
0
2
1
8
0
1
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
2
9 63
10 4i
12
110
64
190
130
160
40
140
125
75
140
180
100
153
150
70
60
120
0
132
108
90
263
275
138
107
140
85
0
104
170
75
125
200
45
50
84
150
116
260
171
90
130
98
70
115
150
125
75
169
245
504
225
56
260
148
375
70
50
300
291
238
125
2 3
70
95
205
325
127
i87i.]
Statistics. — Connecticut.
133
CH. MEMB'US.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.OO
,
■c
Jan. 1, 1870.
1869.
1869.
1869. 0
CnURCHES. %
Ministers.
u
^
^.
A
/-^ta.
^^ "^
0
c
0
aj
^
"^
f~~
J
QD
J
CC
m
P3
Place and Name. £^
Name.
■a
0
"3
a
4)
<
0
5
0
OJ
<
0
0
y.
<
c
QQ
0
C
0 S 1
fc
H
<
a<_
J_
Q
S_
a -
<
c
Willington, 172!-
None.
26
62
88
25
1
3
4
4
0
7
0
0
120
Wilton, 172
3. J. M. Merwin,
'44
'68
62
127
189
8
9
4
13
f,
3
0
8
3
3
IfO
Winchester, 177]
None.
53
65
118
38
0
3
3
3
4
0
7
0
2
80
" Winsted, 17&C
r.N. Miles,
'66
'70
66
136
202
46
0
3
3
2
1
0
3
0
0
15a
" West Winsted, 18 4
Charles Wetherby,
'59
•66
72
146
218
9
2
4
6
1
3
0
4
2
8
26.'i
Wiudhnm, 170(
A. F. Keith,
'70
'70
21
69
90
14
0
1
1
0
4
0
4
11
2
140
" Willimantic,lS2S
Morace Winflow,
'43
'69
53
173
226
7
(
18
18
4
5
0
9
0
1
150
Windsor, 163('
(xowen C. Wilson,
'61
'67
38
91
129
11
3
0
5
5
1
0
6
2
1
120
" Poquonnock,1841
v. G. Ronney, s.p.
'64
'68
15
36
51
11
11
6
16
0
4
0
4
10
6
107
Windsor Locks, 1844
r. W. Beach,
'70
'70
28
82
110
17
0
11
n
3
10
0
13
0
6
162
Wolcott, 1773
Warren C. Fiske, s.p
.'47
'69
43
72
115
17
0
8
8
3
7
u
10
0
a
110
Woodbridge, 1742
Sylvanus P. Marvin,
'51
'05
45
151
196
14
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
0
250
Woodbury, 1670
Giivdon W. Noyes,
'49
'69,
65
126
191
17
2
1
3
2
1
0
3
0
4
135
" North, ISlfi
None.
81
137
218
20
6
2
8
4
0
0
4
2
3
227
Woodstock, 1690
Nath'l Beach, s.p.
'37
'68
43
83
126
4
2
10
12
4
10
0
14
0
3
110
" West, 1747
None.
30
72
102
19
1
0
1
5
4
0
9
1
0
75
" East, 1766
None.
59
94
153
26
0
2
2
1
5
7
13
0
1
112
" North, 1831
J. W. Kingsbnry,
'69
49
90
139
12
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
2
139
Other Ministers.
gamuel H. Allen, Windsor
Locks.
Samuel J. Andrews, Hartford.
Wm. W. Andrews, Wethers-
fleld.
Edward E. Atwater, New
Haven.
David R. Austin, South Nor-
walk.
Jared R. Avery, Groton.
William T. Bacon, Derby.
J' dm G. Baird, New Haven.
Abraham C. Baldwin, Hart-
ford.
Henry Barbour, London, Enq.
Elijah P. Barrows, D. D., Mid-
dletown.
Bronson B. Beardsley, Bridge-
port.
Hubbard Beebe, Assoc. Sec.
S. F. Soc, New Haven.
Samuel B. S. Bissell, Sec. Am.
Sab. Sch. Union, Norwalk.
Joseph C. Bodwell, D.D.,
Prof. Theol. Inst., Hartford.
Alvan Bond, d.T)., Norwich.
Jonathan Brace, D.D., Editor,
Hartford.
80th C. Brace, New Haven.
Charles E. Brandt, teacher,
Hartford.
Charles H. Bnllard, State
Missionarj', Hartford.
Horace Buslinell, D.D., Hart-
ford.
Amos 8. Chesebrough, Hart-
ford.
William B. Clarke, Norwich.
Noah Coe, New Haven.
Augustus B. Collins, Norwalk.
Erastus Colton, New Haven.
Henry M. Colton, teaoher,
Middletown.
Nehemiah B. Cook, Ledyard.
Chauncey D. Cowles, Far-
mington.
Oliver E. Daggett. D.D., New
Haven.
George E. Day, D.D., Prof.,
New Haven.
Guy B. Day, teacher, Bridge-
port.
Henry N. Day, D.D., New
Haven.
Lester M. Dorman, Manches-
ter.
William E. Dixon. Enfield.
Edgar J. Doolittle, Walling-
ford.
Solomon J. Douglass, New
Haven.
Edward P. Dunning, New
Haven .
Timothy Dwigbt, D.D., Prof.
Theol. Sem., Now Haven.
David M. Elwood, Wood-
bridge.
Edward B. Emerson, teacher,
Stratford.
Thomas K. Fessenden, Far-
minston.
Geo. P. Fisher, D.D.. Prof.
Theol. Sem., New Haven.
Eleazar T. Fitch, D.D., New
Haven.
Samuel B. Forbes, West Win-
sted.
William H. Gilbert, agent
Am. Bible Soc, Hartford.
Charles H. Gleason, Hartford.
Wm. C. Fowler, ll.d., Dur-
ham Centre
John Greenwood, New Mil-
ford.
Frederick Gridley, Stratford.
Leverett Griggs. D.D., Bristol.
Daniel Hemingway, SufRcld.
Henry Herrick, North Wood-
stock.
Piatt T. Holley, Bridgeport.
J>. Ives Hoadley, New Haven.
Henry M. Holiday, Tolland.
Samuel Hopley, City Mission-
ary, Norwich.
Ja'nes M. Hoppin, D.D., Prof.
Theol. Sem., New Haven.
Geo. L.Hovev, Dis, Sec. A.F.
C. U., Hartiford.
Nathan S. Hunt, Bozreh.
Elijah B. Huntington, Stam-
ford.
Charles Hyde, Hartford.
Austin Isli:mi, Roxbury.
Spotford D. Jcwolt, Middle-
tield.
Henry Jones, teacher, Bridge-
port.
Philo Judson, Rocky Hill.
John R. Keep, teacher, Hart-
ford.
William H. Kingsbury, West
Woodstock.
Rodnlphus Landfear, Hart-
ford.
Ammi Linsley, North Haven.
Aaron R. Livermore, Goshen.
Joel Mann, New Haven.
Alirabam Marsh, .\ gent Conn.
Bible Soc, Tolland.
Frederitk Marsh, Winchester
Centre.
Robert McEwen, D.D., New
London.
Charles B. McLean, Wethers-
tield.
Nathaniel Miner, Salem.
William H.Moore, Sec, Conn.
Home Miss. Soc, Berlin.
Charles Nichols, New Britain.
Birdsey G. Northrop, Sec.
Conn. Board of Ed., New
Haven.
Wm. Patton, D.D., N. Haven.
Whitman Peck, teacher, New
Haven.
Lavalette Perrin, D.D., New
Britain.
John II. Pettengill, Seamen's
Ch aplain, Antwerp, We'^iMOT.
Cyrus Pickett, Chi'shire.
Dennis i'latt. South Norwalk.
Noah Porter, n.D., Prof.
Theol. Sera., New Haven.
Thomas S. Potwin, East
Windsor Hill.
Edward H. I'ratt, Sec. Conn.
Temp. Union, East Wood-
stock,
134
Statistics. — Comtecticut.
[Jan.
Newell A. Prince.'N'ew Haven.
Alfred C. liaymoud, New
Haven.
Henry Robinson, Guilford.
8aml. Rockwell, New Britain.
Geo. E. Sanborne, Hartford.
T. L. Shipman, Jewett City.
James A. Smith, Uiiionville.
Saml. Spring, D D., Hartford.
*Coliin6 Stone, Sup. Deaf and
Dumb Asylum, Hartford.
Calv. E. Stowe.D d., Hartford.
Th'18. B. Sturges, Greenfield
■ Hill.
"Wm. Thompson, d.d., Prof.
Theol. Inst., Hartford.
Thomas Tallman, Thompson,
Stpphei) Toplitt', Cromwell.
Henry Claj- Trumbull, Dist.
Sec. A. 8. 8. U., Harttord.
Mark Tucker, D.D., Wethers-
tield.
William W. Turner, ll.D.,
Sec. Misa.'y Soc. of Conu.,
Hartford.
Hermann L. Vaill, Litchfield.
Kobt. G. Vcrmilye, d.d, Prof.
Theol. lust., iiarlford.
ThoB. T. Waterman, Monroe.
•Tnseph Whittlesey, Berlin.
Wm. Whittlesey, New Haven.
Moses H. Wilder, West Meri-
den.
Francis F.Williams, Burrville.
Alpheus Winter, Temperance
Agent, Hartford.
Theodore D. Woolspy, d.d.,
Pres. Yale College, New
Haven.
William S. Wright, Glasten-
bury.
Ephraim M. Wright, Terry-
ville.
Licentiates,
with dates of licensure.
Allen, Simeon O., 1867-71.
Barclay, Thomas D., 1870-71.
Beach John W.. 1867-71.
Bod well, Joseph C, Jr., 1870-
74.
Brown, Anselm B., 1869-73.
Buckham,H.B.,reli., 1870-74.
* Since died by accident.
Buffum, Frank H., 1870-74.
DeForcst, John K. H.. 1870-74.
Dodge, DcForest B., 1870-74.
EelLs, Myron, 1870-74.
Field, A;iron W., 1869-73.
Fitield. Charles W., 1870-74.
P'oster, Lauren M., 1870-74.
Gaylord, Charles H., 1867-71.
Hale, Albert F , 1869-73,
Hartshorn, John W., 1869-73.
Herrick, Edward P., 1870-74.
Janes, Elijah, 1870-74.
Johnston, .Alexander, 1870-74.
Jones David E., 1870-74.
Keith, Adelbert F., 1869-73.
Mead, Henry B., 1868--2.
Merriam, George 8., 1868-72.
Miles, I'homas M., 1868-72.
Moses, Vincent, 1870-74.
Ogden, David J., 1869-73.
Packard, L. R., re-li., 1866-70.
Perry. David B., 1867-71.
Phelps. Frederick B., 1870-74.
Starr. Edward C, 1869-73.
Tobey, Isaac F., 1870-74.
Tyler, James B.. 1870-74.
Walker. Charles S., 1869-73.
Wartield, Frank A., 1869-73.
SUMMARY. — CHURcnrs: 157 with pastors; 70 with acting pastors; 63 vacant (including 3
supplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 290.
Ministers: 1,j8 pa.><tors ; 69 acting pastors; 121 others. Total, 348. Licentiates, 34.
Church Members : 16,445 males; 32,744 females. Total, 49,189, —including 4,791 absent.
Loss, 74.
Additions in 1869 : 1,250 by profession ; 1,344 by letter. Total, 2,594.
Removals in 1869: 855 by death; 1,388 by dismissal; 137 by excommunication. Total,
2,380,
Bapti.sms in 1869: 583 adult: 866 infant.
In Sabbath Schools : 48,576. Loss, 210.
Benevolent Contributions (289 churches, 287 last year): $223,438.86,- an increase of
$20,206.63.
Families (289 churches, 289 last year) : 29,033. Loss, 128.
CH.\NQES. — Cficrche.? : New, — East ch.. New H.iven
ch.. South Coventry, by union with 1st church.
Mini.ster.s: Ordinations, 9 pastors, 4 without iastallation
23. Deceased, 8 without charge.
Dropped from the list, — Village
Installations, 16. Dismissals,
ORGANIZATION. — Eleven Consociations (including 203 churches), and ten district Con-
ferences of churches, unite in the General C inference, to which the collection of
statistics, etc., has been transferred. Fourteen Associations of Ministers are united in
the General Association.
NEW YORK.
Churches.
c
Place and Name, j;
o
Albany,
185U
Allegany
Mission,
1«35
Anaola,
]86:i
Antwerp,
1819
Apulia,
1S61
Arcade,
1813
Ashford, East, 18.54
Ashville,
1820
£alubri(lge,
1793
Ministers.
Name.
en. memb'hs.
Aug. 31. 1870.
Admitted
1869-70.
Removals
1869-70.
W. 8. Smart, p. '67
j Williixm Hall.a.p. '34
\ D. B. Jime8on,help'r. '67
(;harles Strong, p. '67
[J. A. Canfield, Presb.'] '69
J. H. Nason, a.p. '66
None.
John Johnston, a.p. '05
Wm. A. Hallock, a.p. '69
l.J.S.Pattengill,iYe46.],'6y
lOh
32
26
34
17
18
23
2^
25
2JIJ
43
35
71)
26
40
22
46
48
338
13
12
21
33
2
75
4
61
6
3
3
1
104
10
8
3
11
2
4:S
10
2
2
4
0
58
12
45
10
4
4
74
16
1
73
14
6
8
14
2
11
465
175
1.50
50
100
186
iS/i.]
Statistics. — Nciu York.
135
ca
. MEMB'ttS.
Admitted Removals
BAPT.cB
.
•0
Aug. 31, 1870.
1869-70.
1869-70.
'69
Churches. "g
'c
Place and Name. ^
Ministers. .^
c
Name. "g
ej
;,
^
^„^
c
0
B
e
0
0
"3
S
<
0
CO
U
0
<
H
0
.a
i
i
<
1
pa
55
0
0
0
2
fa
F-
<;
*> ,
J_
r-<
a_
a_
'j^
H
-fj
Baiting Hol-
low, 1791
A. W. Allen, p.
'67
31
29
60
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
74
Bangor. 1826
B. Burn.ap, I'resb.']
'69
25
61
86
9
1
2
3
0
4
0
4
0
0
60
Barryville, 1836
Felix Kyie, a.p.
'33
7
25
32
1
3
1
4
1
1
0
2
2
0
68
Bay Shore, 1860
!None.
16
22
38
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
55
Bell Port, 1836
None.
10
15
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Berkshire, 1833
E. S. Palmer, p.
'69
71
116
187
21
1
14
15
8
3
0
11
0
3
198
Bingham ton, 1836
E. Taylor, D.D., p.
'68
68
147
215
27
33
60
4
9
1
14
18
7
32J
Black Creek, 1822
None.
16
33
49
3
80
Bloomfield,
West, 1843
John Patchen, a.p.
'70
25
102
127
11
0
1
1
3
3
0
6
0
0
180
Blue Point. 18j7
None.
Bridgewater, 1798
[. R. Bradnack, a.p.
'70
23
48
71
9
1
0
1
3
0
0
3
0
0
80
Bristol, 1835
N. T. Yeomans, a.p.
'69
20
39
59
0
2
0
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
120
Brooklyn, —
" Ch. of the
Pilgrims, 1844
R. S. Storrs, jr., D.D., p.
'46
«' Plymouth, 1847
H. W. Beecher, p.
'47
766
1200
1966
130
59
189
13
63
0
76
42
25
2011
" Clinton Av.,1847
W.I.Budington, d.d. p.
'55
220
370
590
12
66
48
114
6
40
0
46
14
17
1200
«' Bedford, 1849
R. G. Hutcliins. p.
'65
39
83
122
29
12
5
17
2
5
0
7
.5
4
150
«' South, 1851
H.M. Storrs, D.D. , p.
'67
129
257
386
48
28
76
4
13
0
17
12
15
350
" N.England,1857
.I.H. Brodt, p.
'70
74
137
211
40
18
6
24
23
0
0
300
" Elm Place, 1853
H. Powers, p.
'69
" Central, 1854
J. C. French, p.
'57
132
239
371
8
27
11
38
2
16
0
18
4
4
400
" Warren st.
Mission, 1854
W. B. Cay, a.p.
'70
10
28
38
9
2
0
2
0
15
1
10
2
" State St., 1859
W. P. Gaddis, a.p.
'69
67
95
162
0
19
10
29
1
21
0
22
3
5
260
" Puritan, 1864
C. H. Everett, p.
'65
148
312
460
16
26
38
64
1
15
2
18
8
18
790
" Ch. of the
Mediator, 1866
Bishop Falkner, a.p.
'63
29
50
79
10
1
3
4
0
5
0
5
0
14
700
«' Ch. of the
Covenant, 1868
Franklin Noble, a.p.
'68
26
47
73
5
10
5
15
0
3
0
3
0
3
" Park, 1866
Frank Rusaell, p.
'68
55
100
155
25
18
19
37
1
31
0
32
5
3
246
Burrville, 1834
L. W. Chaney, a.p.
'64
10
17
27
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
60
Cambria, 1818
None.
31
118
149
11
8
4
12
1
4
0
5
3
0
100
Camden, 1798
Ethan Curtis, p.
'68
71
131
202
28
11
4
15
6
0
0
6
7
2
238
Canaan Four
Corners, 1772
1 G.W.Warner, Presh.']
'68
11
44
55
1
Canandaigua, 1799
F. B. Allen, p.
'68
84
271
355
48
16
5
21
6
83
1
90
3
9
213
Candor, 1808
G. A. Pelton, p.
'6s>
81
149
230
15
60
14
74
6
4
0
10
33
3
240
Carthage, 1835
None.
12
15
27
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
60
Castile, 1834
J. L. Jenkins, a.p.
'69
35
73
108
12
3
15
1
4
0
5
7
1
Centre Lisle, 1830
J. A. Farrar, p.
'69
36
46
82
3
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
1
1
130
Champion, 1801
None.
9
11
20
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
5
0
0
0
Chenango
Forks, 1821
Isaac Ely, a.p.
Chippewa st., 1852
S. Young, a.p.
'52
22
41
63
0
7
0
7
1
1
0
2
2
1
47
Churchville, 1852
None.
44
85
129
Clymer, 1849
None.
Collins, 1817
Ward I. Hunt. a.p.
'67
4
17
21
5
1
1
1
1
Columbus, 1808
[E. P. Adams, Licen.]
P. Z. Easton, a.p.
'70
7
16
23
3
0
0
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
Comraaek, 1857
'70
9
12
21
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36
Copenhagen, 1870
.John McMaster, a.p.
'70
6
18
24
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
5
0
0
85
Croton, 1833
Joel .T. Hough, a.p.
'69
4
16
20
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
Crown Pt., Ist, 1804
W. Child, D.D., a.p.
'66
35
81
116
4
1
6
1
0
0
1
2
2
100
2d, 1843
C. C. Stevens, p.
'45
13
24
37
14
50
Cutchogue, 1862
None.
6
20
26
0
Danby, 18j7
[H Carpenter, Licen.]
'70
43
75
118
6
n
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
100
Deer Kiver, 1826
John Waugh, Preiib.\
'70
24
50
74
18
0
0
0
3
1
0
4
0
0
100
De Peyster, 1823
[E. C. Evans, Not Lia.
[Mr. Willdns, F. Bapt.
17
29
46
7
0
1
1
2
2
0
4
0
0
70
Ea8tPhur.salia,1850
28
37
65
12
61
East Pitcairn, 1841
Xone.
Eaton, 1831
[W.N.Clevel'nd, Pres.]
'68
18
68
86
16
4
4
8
0
1
0
1
3
0
77
Eden, 1817
W'anl I. Hunt, a.p.
'67
16
16
32
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
Elizabetht'wn,1821
G. W. Barrows, p.
'64
3
39
42
i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
60
Ellington, 1828
.\. D. Olds, a.p.
'70
35
90
125
21
0
23
5
5
12
Elmira, 1816
T. K. Beecher, a.p.
'.54
98
224
322
46
3
9
12
6
7
0
13
60
10
300
Evans, East, 1818
[C. A. Keeler, Presb.
[0. A. Keeler, Presb.'
'67
12
31
43
8
1
80
Ceutre,1835
'67
Itt
19
35
2
|2
2
4
40
136
Statistics. — New York.
[Jan.
CH. memb'rs.
Admt'i Removals bapt.m
,
*?
Ang. 31, 1870.
'69-70. 1869-
"0. '69-70. «
Churches.
Place and Name
13
MrNT^TFUQ ^
c
A
-/s, -*^
_ . _ M
O
N
§
. bo
o
Name. 'i
S
E
'a
a
<:
c
p —
j X . c "i ^ 5 9
:- c: 7 a r- - .- "-1
.= i ~ ,5 P 5 = a
O
C
O'S
h
h*
<
^ ^
Evans. North,
183-1
[Ezra Jones. Presh.\
'68
2;
34
5fi
3
■2
2 1
0 1 105
Fair port,
1824
J. Butler, a.p.
'64
4S
114
162
4
7 8
15 2 4
0 6 2 3175
Farmingville,
1858
Otis Holmes, a.p.
'6S
11
10
21
5
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 20
Fire Place Neck,
1842
John Gibbs, a.p.
'59
e
e
12
Flatbush.St.Paul
s.
No2e.
Flushing,
1851
M. L. Williston. p.
'70
29
82
111
19
20 13
33 1 5
0 6 10 7 125
Fowlerville,
1826
W. M. Modeset. a.p.
'69
23
36
59
22
0 1
10 5
0 5 0 0 75
Franklin,
1792
Joel J. Hough, p.
'67
91
138
229
14
3 1
4 4 14
L) 18 2 1 160
Frewsbiirg,
1S56
Alanson Bixby. a.p.
'69
12
28
40
2
6
6 12.
3 4 75
Friendship,
1835
W. P. Jackson, a.p.
'69
22
44
66
1
5
5 15
1 7 93
Gaines,
1864
IH.S.Egleston. Pres.'\
'69
3t
88
127
9
69 6
75 2 4
a 6 52 0 175
Gainesville,
1815
[P.Camp. Preshr^
"69
23
33
56
4
1
115
J 6
Gloversville,
1852
W. A. McGinley. p.
'69
103
182
285
12
Greece, West,
18 |y
E. N. Ruddock, a.p.
'68
22
53
75
6
2 3
5 1 1
3 2 0 0 90
Greene.
1811
George Porter, a.p.
'70
21
52
73
2 5
7 2 4
J 6 0 0 79
Greenwich,
1837
None.
16
33
49
6
Groton, West,
1816
W. 0. Baldwin, a.p.
'68
25
40
65
2 2
4 0 0 (
3 0 2 2 75
Groton,
1849
J. C. Taylor, p.
'67
58
no
168
8
0 2
2 2 2-
1 5 0 0 290
Hamilton,
1828
Charles Barstow, a.p.
'68
52
69
121
9
3 1
4 17 1
3 8 0 1 100
Hancock.
1830
I. D. Cornwell, a.p.
'65
19
46
65
3
Harpersfield,
1798
John T. Marsh, a.p.
'67
11
29
40
4
0 0
0 4 2 (
) 6 0 2 50
Harford,
None.
16
20
36
4
0
Harrisville,
1864
None.
9
12
21
5
0 0
0 0 0 (
) 0 0 0 70
Henrietta,
1816
[H. M.Hazeltine, Prcs.]
'70
32
63
95
20
3 0
3 1 10 I
) 11 1 2 120
Holland,
1861
None.
5
12
17
0
Hollywood,
1863
None.
Homer,
1801
J. C. Hulbrook, p.
'64
158
299
457
4
3 7
10 9 18 I
) 27 3 11 294
Hopkinton,
1808
J. W. Grush, a.p.
'66
25
54
7'.i
11
3 1
4 0 11
1 3 0 190
Howell's,
1782
Geo. J. Means, p.
'63
46
82
12S
10 1
!7 5
32 1 6 I
7 14 7 90
Jamestown,
1816
l". Wickes, D.D., p.
•6t)
86
110
196
20
2 8
20 3 8
11 5 4 160
Jay,
1813
T. Watson, a.p.
•65
3
8
11
0
0 0
0 0 0 I
0 0 0 70
Java, North,
1847
None.
2
5
7
0
" West,
18.54
None.
15
24
39
Kiantone,
l^^lo
Elliot C. Hall, a.p.
'69
35
57
92
19
2
2 1 2
3 168
Kirkland.
1834
James Deane, a.p.
'69
4
15
19
0
0 0
0 0 3 (j
3 0 0 69
Lawrcnceville,
1826
None.
18
34
52
6
0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 35
Leroy,
1843
None.
14
49
63
34
0 0
0 3 9 0
12 0 0 30
Lewis,
1807
G. W. Barrows, a.p.
'65
13
28
41
3
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 60
Linklean,
1859
[T. Fisher, Bai>t.\
'67
4
10
14
4
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 57
Lisbon,
1842
None.
43
71
114
35
8 8
16 2 1 32
35 4 4 125
Lisle,
1797
R. H. Gidman, a.p.
'69
20
44
64
0
0 2
2 10 0
1 0 0 160
Little Valley,
1840
None.
6
7
13
0
Lockport,
1838
J. L. Bennett, p.
'57
169
339
.508
12
9 5
14 2 6 0
8 4 12 215
Lumberland,
1799
Felix Kyte, a.p.
'32
35
64
99
27
2 3
5 0 0 0
0 1 3 105
Macomb,
1857
None.
2
3
5
0
0 0
0 0 10
10 0
Madison,
1796
None.
41
61
102
0
0 0
0 3 3 0
6 0 0 67
Madrid,
1807
G. Strasenburgh, a.p.
'67
40
54
94
24
5 4
9 4 2 0
6 2 0 80
M aine,
1819
James Weller, a.p.
'67
31
49
80
9
4 1
6 3 4 0
7 4 0 120
Mannsville,
1833
None.
31
67
98
10
0 0
0 3 3 0
6 0 0 70
Marsliall,
1797
[B. W. Dwigbt, Presb.']
'69
13
26
39
15
0 0
0 0 10
1 0 0 44
Massena, Ist,
1819
rf. Nelson, a.p.
'66
10
13
23
0
0 0
0 12 0
3 0 0 40
" 2d,
1834
S. Nelson, a.p.
'66
20
39
59
6
1 0
110 0
1 " 0
Middletown,
1785
C. A. Harvey, a.p.
'68
72
140
212
20 3
3 18
51 0 1 0
1 19 7 125
Moira,
1823
S. H. Williams, a.p.
'68
18
34
52
12
1 0
110 0
1 0 0 44
Mori ah.
1808
D.ll. Gould, a.p.
'65
31
56
87
6
1 0
10 11
2 0 2 75
Morrisania,
1851
W. Westerfield. a.p.
'70
23
64
87
10
2 10
12 150
Morrisville,
1805
H. F. Dudley, a.p.
'67
40
8u
120
0
9 4
13 1 8 0
9 9 0112
Molt's Corner,
1868
R. A. Wheelock, a.p.
'68
56
67
123
24
3 4
47 0 0 0
0 44 0 180
Mt. ijinai.
1789
.\nron Snow, a.p.
'63
42
98
140
18 1
7 1
18 1 2 0
3 7 2 160
Munnsville,
1828
Hiram W. Lee, a.p.
'68
14
29
43
2
U 1
112 0
3 0 1 83
Napoli,
1821
N. H. Barnes, a.p.
'66
28
35
63
5
1 1
2 1 3
4 1 2200
Newark Valley,
1803
S. Johnson, a.p.
'66
90
133
223
16
0 6
6 5 2 0
7 0 2 225
New Havrii.
1817
Thomas Bayne, a.p.
'6S
32
71
103
21
0 4
4 111
3 0 0 110
New York City,—
"Broadway Tab.,
1840
J.P.ThompsQn,D.D.,p.
45
229
321
550
1
D 15
25 5 27 0
32 2 2 700
" Btthesda,
None.
«Ch. of Pilgrims,
1862
None.
"Harlem,
1862
5. Bourne, p.
M. Richardson, p.
62
47
89
136
24 2
I 8
30 1 11 0
12 4 2 200
" New England,
70
48|
68
110
1 2
S 0 15 0
15 0 0
i87i.]
Statistics. — New York.
137
Churches.
Place and Name.
60
O
Ministers.
Name.
185-'
[New York.- Welsh, see
New Villnge, 1815
Niaa:aia City, 1853
Norfolk, 181Y
North Elba, 1853
North Lawrence, 1852
Norwich, 1814
Ogden and Riga, 1867
Onondaga, 18U6
" South, 1829
Oriskany Falls, 1823
Orwell,
Oswego,
Otto, 1828
" East, 1834
Owego, 1850
Paris, 1791
Parishville, 1823
Parkville, 18613
Parrotviile, 1864
Patchogiie, 17<)3
Perry Centre. 1814
Philadelxjhia, 1868
Phcenix, 183
Pierrepont, 1820
Pitcher, 1815
" North, 1837
Poospatuc, 175U
P't Leyden & Greig,1854
Potsdam Junction, 1858
Welsh Churches.]
Otis Holmes, a.p.
A. S. Wood, p.
W. W. Warner, a.p.
None.
None.
S. Scoville, a.p.
None.
[E. S. Janes, Presb.]
J. S. Bilker, a.p.
_ Edward Davies, a.p.
1858 James Douglas, a.p.
Poughkeepsie, ' 1837
Pulaski, 1808
Randolph, 1S36
Raymondville, 1828
Reed's Corners, 1843
Rensselaer Falls, 1842
Richford, 1823
RichviUe, 1828
Riga, 1809
Riverhead, 1834
Rochester, 1855
Rodmah, 18U5
Royaltori, 1817
Rushville, 1802
Russell. 18.56
Rutland, 1808
8and Bank, 1852
Sandy Creek, 1817
Saratoga Springs, 1865
Saugerties, 1853
Sayville. 1858
Schenectady, 18.59
Schroon Lake, 1829
Seneca Falls, 1869
Sherburne, 1794
Sherman, 1827
Shinnecock, 175]
Sidney Centre, 1851
Sinclearville, 1842
Smith ville, 1823
Smj'rna, 1824
South Canton, 1824
South Colton, 1S62
South Hermon, 1863
Speedsville, 1819
Spencerport, 1850
Stockholm, 1807
'• West, 1823
Strykersville, ^ 1825
S. S. N. Greeley, a.p.
None.
H. M. Higley,
J. C. Beecher, a.p.
E. F. Brooks, a.p.
None.
Henry Belden, p.
None.
F. Munson, a.p.
J. P. Root, a.p.
None.
Edgar Perkins, a.p.
None.
[S.C.VanCamY>, Presb.
[S.C.VanCamp.Presfc.
None.
Geo. A. Miller, a.p.
George Hardy, p.
H. Loomis. Jr.. p.
James Douglas, a.p.
E. P. Clisbee. a.p.
W. W. Warner, a.p.
None.
G. A. Rockwood, a.p.
A. L. Greene, a.p.
G. Cross, a.p.
None.
Charles Hoover, p.
I>. K. Bartlelt. p.
Alex. B. Dilley, a.p.
[H. L. Dox, Luth.]
None.
None.
L. W. Chaney, a.p.
[J. H. Munsell, I^resb
H. H. Waite, a.p.
P. R. Day. a.p.
J. Danielson, p.
None.
J. G, Cordell, p.
None.
W. W. Lyle, p.
S. Miller, a.p.
[W. L. Hyde, Presb.}
None.
S. N. Robinson, a.p.
K. P. McElroy. a.p.
[aU-.xs Hatch, Jiapt.]
S. M. Keeler, a.p.
Kone.
None.
None.
None.
W. B. Stewart, a.p.
Geo. Anderson, a.p.
None.
None.
138
Statistics, — N'ew York.
[Jan.
CnuRcnES.
Place and Name.
60
Ministers.
Name.
CH. MEMB'K.S
Aug. 31, 1870.
2.
"a
s
1
29
47
23-t
344
U
21
38
45
40
72
62
99
15
24
102
168
38
60
63
98
18S
295
69
87
174
287
10
16
29
44
12
18
69
101
15
21
10
15
52
80
17
27
36
51
36
86
30
50
AdmtVl
'69-70.
, — ^- ^
Removals
1863-70.
Summer Hill, 1S2'
Syracuse, 1833
Thompson's Stat'n, 1831
Tlconderoga, 1813
Triangle, 1819
Union Centre, 1841
Union Valley, 1845
Upper Aquebogue, 1758
Wad ham's Falls,
Wadirg lliver, 1784
Walton, 1793
" North, 1816
"Warsaw, 1840
Wellsburg, 1865
West Brook, 1857
West Monroe, 1867
We.stmoreland, 1791
West Xewaric, 1S23
William's Bridge, 1865
Will-borough, 183J
Wilmingtou, 18:J4
WIntield, lii99
Wooiihaven, 1863
Woodville, 1836
[E. D. Shaw, Presh.}
,\. F. Beard, a.p.
None.
None.
\V. H. Sieston, a.p.
(;. W. Burt. a.p.
S. Carver, a.p.
T. N. Benedict, a.p.
None.
[H.Cornell, Presh.}
Sam'l J. White, a.p.
[S.N.Robinson, /'res6.]
E. E. Williams, p.
None.
S. N. Robinson, a.p.
[David James, PresbJ]
.lames Deane, a.p.
Wm. Macnab, a.p.
Samuel Orcull, a.p.
None.
T. Watson, a.p.
I. R. Bradnack.a.p.
Wm. James, a.p.
|.I. B. Preston, Presb."]
'69
18
'69
110
"
'68
32
'7(1
37
'49
9
'70
66
22
'70
35
'68
107
'68
28
'57
113
6
'70
15
'70
6
'67
32
'6J
6
'67
5
28
'65
10
"70
15
'65
50
'70
20
2 0
10 0
50
150
40
90
40
65
250
139
270
80
40
143
56
115
40
38
100
120
140
WELSH CHURCHES.
1 Aug. 31, 1870.
['1869
-70. 1 1863-70 1
69-
-70.
Beth.iny,
1810
None.
Bethel,
1839
Nr. Roberts, p.
'39
22
54
76
2
0
0
2
•V)
Peerfield,
18!1
W. D.Williams, p.
'33
Fairview,
1846
William Lewis, p.
'69
Floyd,
18U
J, R. GritBths, p.
'66
20
40
60
1
2
3
2
2
2
6
4
6ft
Holland Patent,
1842
.James Griffith.s, p.
'69
8
18
26
0
2
9
0
0
0
0
2«
Jamesville,
1865
Samuel Jones, p.
18
17
35
2
4
9
13
o
6
0
8
4
25
Middle Granville, 1860
Samuel Jones, p.
'64
28
32
60
1
14
3
17
0
1
0
1
5
84
Nelson.
1850
Benjamin Williams, p.
New York.
1<01
None.
New York Mills
1847
T. M. Owen, p.
'70
23
41
64
3
5
8
4
5
0
9
1
60
Ninety-Six,
None.
Pen Mount,
1832
.•^em Phillips, p.
'66
20
30
50
1
25
Plainfield,
1861
H. R. Williams, p.
'6S
35
45
80
11
5
16
0
6
1
6
1
40
Prospect,
1856
None.
Remsen,
1838
.Vf orris Roberts, p.
'37
30
50
80
0
5
5
3
5
0
»
40
Richville,
18.53
David Jones, p.
'65
Rome,
1851
D. E. Pritchard, p.
'64
Biloam,
18.56
William Lewis, p.
'69
15
22
37
5
3
8
1
0
0
1
1
3
36
Bteuben,
18:)1
Sem Phillips, p.
'66
23
52
75
2
26
Trenton,
1854
James Griflitlis, p.
'69
14
18
32
25
Tuck Hill,
1813
Gwen P. Jones, p.
'70
17
23
40
0
4
4
4
4
0
8
4
35
Turin,
181:3
<)wen P. Jones, p.
'70
(
12
19
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
15
Utlca,
1802
Rhys G. Jones, p.
'67
82
165
247
10
26
36
4
21
5
30
130
Waterville,
1852
John Owen, p.
'63
25
487
38
806
63
1293
3
5
53
6
11
123
1
26
6
55
0
8
7
89
1
2
1
26
35
Total, 25 churc
hes.
707
Other Ministers.
Lyman Abbott, Cornwall.
Erwin W. Allen, merchant.
Pitcher.
Millon Badger, D.D., Sec. Am.
Home Miss.Soc, New York.
Seymour A Baker, d.d.
Samuel Bayliss, Sec. Soc'y for
the Poor. Brooklyn.
Asher Bliss, Onoville.
Silas C. Brown, West Bloom-
tield.
A. Huntington Clapp, D.D.,
Sec. Am. Home Miss. Soc,
New York.
D.ivid B. Coe, d.d.. Sec. Am.
Home Miss. Soc, N. York.
Eihan B. Crane, Brooklyn.
E. M. Crav.ath, Am. Miss'y
Ass'n, New York.
William Dewey, LeRoy.
Azel Downs, Riverhead, Long
Island. ^
I871.J
Statistics. — New York; New Jersey.
139
George R. Entlcr, teacher,
Franklin.
Pindar Field, Hamilton.
John Gibbs, Bc-il roit. L. I.
A. Gleason,Miss'y. Brooklyn.
Lufher C. Hallock, Miller's
Place, Lonsr Island.
William A. Hallock, D.D., Sec.
Am. Tract t>oc.. 150 Xassau
street. New York.
Joseph Harrison.
W. Nve Harvey, New York.
A. D.'Ha.Nford, Crary's Mill's.
William D. Henry, Evangelist,
Jamestown.
L. Smith Hobart, Agent Am.
Home Mias. Soc, Syracuse.
James D. Houghton, teacher,
Oneida.
Andrew Huntington.
Alfred Ingalls, Smithville.
Simeon S. Jocelyn, See. Am.
Miss. Ass'n, New York.
Wm. H. Kingsbury, Charlton.
William J. Knox, farmer, Au-
gusta.
Henry Lancashire, Saratoga.
L)auiel Lancaster, New Y''oik.
Rollin S. Stone, Missionary,
Brooklyn.
John Turbitt, now in Engl'd.
William H. Ward, Associate
Editor of 7;?(7('p(=nf7e?i<, N.Y",
Asahel C. Washburn, Chap-
lain, Sj'racuse,
Noah H. Wells, teacher,
Peekskill.
George Whipple, Sec. Am.
Miss. Ass'n, New Y'ork.
Reuben Willoughby, Little
Valley.
Christopher Youngs, Upper
Aquebogue, Long Island.
Welsh.
Robert Everett, D.D., Editor
of The Cenhadwr. Kemsen.
Jonathan J. Jones, N. Y''ork.
Licentiates.
H. P. Bake, 1870, Rochester.
John Gilchrist. 1870. Lockport.
And two mentioned in table
above.
Welsh.
Thomas Jones, Remsen.
SUMMARY. — Churches: 62 with pastors ; 98 with acting pastors; 96 vacant (including 31
supplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 2.56.
Ministers: 02 pastors: 88 acting pastors; 63 others. Total. 213. Licentiates. 5.
Church Membeus: 9,098 males; 16,817 females. Total, 25,915, including 2,041 absent.
Gain, 467.
Additions in 1839-70 : 1,409 by profession ; 791 by letter. Total, 2,200.
Removals IN 1869-70: 3JS by death; 871by dismissal ; 69 by excommunication. Total, 1,292.
Baptis.ms IN 1S6J-70 : 632 adult; 446 infant. In Sabbath Schools : 27,344. Loss, 1,120.
Benevolent Contributions (149 churches, 173 last year) : $62,119, a decrease of *;69,782.
Families in Congregations (187 churches, 192 last year): 11,270, a decrease of 46.
CHANGES. — CiiURCHE-s: Neiv, or replaced on the list. — Bennington: Berkshire; Copen-
hagen; Harford: Onondaga; Philadelphia; Seneca Falls; West Brook. Dropped from
the list, — Brighton; Brooklyn, Union ch.; Meredith; Plymouth.
Ministers: Ordinations, 1 pastor. 1 without installation. Installations, 8. Dismissals, 6.
Deceased, 3 without charge.
ORGANIZ.\TION. — Sixteen .Associations of churches, united in a General Association,
■which also includes eleven Pennsylvania churches. One New York church (Mlllerton) is
connected with a Connecticut Consociation.
Joshua Leavltt. d.d. Associate
Editor Independent, "H . Y.
Benj. C. Lockwood, Brooklyn.
Benjamin N. Martin, d.d..
Prof. N. Y. Univ.. N. York.
H. H. McFarland, Brooklyn.
W. McKay, Miss'y, Brooklyn.
Darius Mead, New York.
John Newton. Antwerp.
Simeon North, d.d.. Clinton.
James Orton, Professor Vas-
sar Coll., Poughkeepsie.
Ray I'almer, n.D., Nee. Am.
Cong. LTnion, New Y'ork.
Simeon Parmelee, d.d. (or-
dained I808), Osweijo.
Edward P. Payson, N. York.
James B. Pearson. N. York.
Gustavus D. Pike, Agent,
Brooklyn.
Theodore Pond.
George P. Prudden, Medina.
Thomas R. Rawson, City Mis-
sionary, Albany.
Eli N. Siiwtell. D.D., Saratoga
Springs, (now in Oregon).
Chas. S. Sherman, Castleton.
Edward P. Smith. Am, Miss.
Ass'n, New Y'ork.
NEW JERSEY.
CH. MEMB'aS.
Admitte:!
Removals
BAPT. (B
■c
A
ug. 31. 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
'00-70. S
CnCRCHES. 0
"c
Place and Name, g*
Ministers.
Name,
.
u
X
A
^-- =°
0)
c
"2
c
a;
E
E
0
0
"3
6
"a
E
•<
g
0
<
p
0
/,
E
<
0
■a
X
1
<
iE
C
0
0
S
fe
^
-»^
a_
—
s_
H
<^
-H
Chester, 1741
J S Evans, d.d.
63
105
168
1
2
3
3
4
7
1
3
150
Elizabethport,18'i4
F. B. Rossiter, p.
'69
'69
25
49
74
7
7
14
2
2
2
140
Fort Lee, 1867
None.
9
23
32
4
116
Franklinville, 18i37
A. Leonard,
5
8
13
2
1
1
60
JerseyClty,lHt,18.58
G.B Willcox, p.
'69
85
164
249
1
26
27
2
28
.30
7
611
" " 2d, 187.1
Leavitt Bartlett,
5
13
18
2
16
18
92
Montclair, 1870
\. H. Bradford, p.
'70
'70
36
61
87
87
87
5
137
Newark, 1st, 18.52
Wm. B. Brown, p.
'55
194
355
549
50
9
12
21
3
18
3
24
1
6
360
" B'U'vi'le av.l838
C. B. Hulburt, p.
'70
62
96
158
16
25
41
0
8
10
4
12
256
Newfiold, 1867
M. S. Phitt,
5
3
8
2
1
1
2
2
4
1
68
N. Vineland, 1867
.\1. S. Piatt,
8
9
IT
5
53
Orange Val.lst,1861
Geo. B. Bacon, p.
'61
67
122
189
5
22
10
32
4
10
14
0
17
358
" 2d. 1867
T. Atkinson,
'67
14
43
57
4
3
3
0
10
100
"E.Grovest.lSeS
.\llen McLean, p.
'68
'68
31
49
80
5
6
19
25
3
3
1
217
" Trinity, 1870
Geo. K. .\dam8, d.d
'70
8
21
29
2
28
30
1
1
43
Paterson, 1836
Geo, Pierce, p.
'67
28
80
108
1
7
1
8
3
3
4
25
322
645
1191
1836
135
78
233
311
22
73
3
98
15
88
3083
140
Statistics. — New Jersey; Pennsylvania.
[Jan.
Other Ministers.
John E. Bray, Elizabeth.
George Brown. Newark.
Simeon S. Hughson, Newarii.
I. H. Xorthrup, Millville.
Eliakim Phelps. D.D., Jersey
City.
r)aniel S. Rodman, Montclair.
William C. Sexton. Vineland.
Luke I. Stonetenburgh, Schoo-
ley's Mountain.
Michael E. Strieby, Sec. Am.
Miss. Associaiion. Newark.
William H. Teel, Woodside.
John E. 'J'yler, Vineland.
Almon Underwood, Irving-
ton.
SUMMARY. — Churches: S with pastors : 7 with acting pastors; 1 vacant. Total, 16.
MlNiSTEHs: 8 pastors; 6 acting pastors; 12 others. Total, 2t5.
CnuRcii Members, Additions, etc., as above. Gain of members, 111. Gain in Sab-
bath Schools. 575,
Benevolent Contributions (10 churches reporting, 11 last year) : $13,262. an increase of
$5,942. Current Expenses (10 churches. 8 last year) : $36,833, an increase Of $12,618.
Value of Cii rch I'roperty (9 churches reporting; 8 last year) : $240,000. an increase
of $39,000; with 4.620 sittings. AVERAGE CONGREGATIONS (16 churches, 13 last year):
3,175, an increase of 450,
CHANGES. — Churches: A^eio.— Montclair ; Tfinity ch., Orange. Dropped from the list, —
Franklin District, in Orange.
Ministers: Ordinations, 1 pastor. Installations, 2. Dismissals, 1. Deceased, 1 without
charge .
ORGANIZ.VTION. — The churches are united in the General Association of New Jer-
sey, which includes also four churches in New York State, four in Pennsylvania (Phila-
delphia, etc.), Baltimore, Washia^lou, and two in Virginia.
PENNSYLVANIA
CH. memb'rs.
Admfd
Removals
b.\pt. ■n
'69-70. 1
.
Q
Sept. 1,1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
CnURCHES. "S
N
'c
Place and Name, wi
Ministers.
Name.
.
CJ
^
*
IS
o
c
"a
c
o
"3
2.
s
<
p
n
v:
P
3
<
2 1
X
a
.r3
a*
O
O
O
S
fe
< -
-2
r-
— ^
a
H
*>
■^
■— t
A.shlaMd. W.
None.
1
64
60
Audenried, W.
Daniel A. Evans, p.
'70
TO
Beach. W.
None.
Beaver Meadows, W.
None.
25
50
Birminirham. W. 186S
None.
95
8
10
18
2
12
2
16
79
Bl08j,burg, W. 1830
F. T. Evans,
40
8
4
12
4
4
75
Bradford, 1839
None.
4
9
13
W.
None.
60
Bradv's Bend. W.
n. R. Davies,
46
40
Cambrida;e, 1851
Wm. D. Henry,
26
37
63
19
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
100
Carbondale, W.
J. Kvans,
40
Centralia. W.
W. W. Davies,
Centreville. 1859
None.
Chapmansville, W.
None.
Charlestown.W. 1839
None.
60
60
Coaldale. W. 1870
D. E. Hughes,
Conneaut, 1833
None.
10
19
29
Danville, W.
John B. Cook,
70
Dudlev. W.
None.
Dunda'ft', W.
Daniel Daniells,
60
Ebensburg. W. 17 —
I'homas R. Jones,
260
275
" North, W.
Joim G. Thomas,
6U
60
" South, W.
John G. Thomas,
55
SO
Farmer's Valley, 18.i9
None.
4
5
9
Farmington, 1830
W. A. Hallock,
'69
25
30
55
5
2
1
3
1
70
Frosty Valley, W.
None.
Hawluv, Ger. 1867
Fled. A. Bauer, p.
'53
'67
92
5
0
5
Hyde Park, W.
E. B. Evans,
336
240
Irwin's .Station. W.
None.
Jeansville, W.
None,
30
25
Johnstown, W.
None.
135
140
Kingston, W.
None.
52
65
Knoxville, 1867
John Cairns,
'70
12
22
34
8
2
10
1
1
0
0
0
0
Lafayette, 1858
None.
4
7
11
Leraysville, 18J3
Ni)ne.
39
50
89
60
Mahanoy, W.
D. T. Jones,
100
110
Mercer, 1847
None.
7
18
25
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1871.]
Statistics. — Pennsylvania ; Matylana.
141
■ — ■
CH. memb'bs.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.M
'69-70. 0
02
Chcrciies.
Place and Name.
■o
Ministers,
Name.
0
Sept. 1. 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
c
_2
<
H
0
c
a;
.0
^
C
i
<
c
2
X
3
0
<
p
2
^w-
_6_
1
^
H
<
_:
—
z
a_
Minereville, W.
Daniel T. Davies,
130
100
Morris Run, W.
1864
F. T. Evans,
50
100
North Point, W.
[J. Roberts, Loc. pr
]
Olipbant, AV.
B. Evans,
Philadelphia, Ccn
tral.
ir,64
Edward Hawes, p.
'58
'64
78
126
204
17
3
13
16
3
10
1
14
1
3
312
" Welsh.
None.
" Plymouth,
1866
W. E. C. Wright, p.
'68
'6.S
30
63
93
12
21
6
27
1
7
8
7
7
490
Pittsburg. W.
H. E. Thomas,
239
19
20
39
2
9
0
11
" Pljinouth.
1859
Edm'd Y. Garrctte,p
.'54
'69
51
62
113
12
4
15
19
1
1
0
2
1
4
112
Pittston, W.
D. Davies,
210
75
Plymouth, W.
None.
85
90
Potterville,
1851
n. B. Gilbert,
'70
14
26
40
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
90
Pottsville, W.
John W. Pugh,
25
Preutissvale,
1851
Harvey Miles,
16
23
39
11
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
30
Providence, W.
None.
120
140
Randolph,
1837
Wm. D. Henry,
'70
42
71
113
0
1
1
0
2
0
2
0
0
125
Reading, W.
None.
Riceville,
1856
None.
Bt. Olair, "W.
John W. Pugh,
40
Shamokin, W.
None.
26
36
Sharon, W.
None.
28
40
Shenandoah, "W.
None.
Blateford,W. ■
None.
Slatington, W.
None.
Smithfleld,
1801
Cyrus Offer, p.
'70
23
45
68
4
5
9
1
0
0
1
1
6
93
Sugar Grove,
1856
Daniel L. Gear,
'66
17
36
53
2
16
3
19
0
0
0
0
8
4
Surtimit Hill, W.
J. V. Jones,
80
140
Ta Maqua, W.
D, E Hughes,
Townvillo,
1839
None.
West Bangor, W.
John Williams,
'69
58
5
6
n
70
West Spring Creek
,1847
Samuel Rowland,
'69
ft
6
11
1
5
1
6
0
0
0
0
2
0
65
Wilkesbarre, W.
None.
22
Williamsport.
James A. Daly,
'67
'70
25
44
69
5
17| 5
22
0
21 1
5
0
1
160
Mioah W. Strickland, Pren-
tiss vale.
and the want of
Total, 70.
including
Other Ministers. Dana Goodsell. Philadelphia.
Burdett Hart, Philadelphia.
Richard Crittenden, Towanda. David Root, Philadelphia.
The returns this year are sadly defective. The churches are sf-attered.
General Association makes it extremely difficult to obtain reports.
SUMMARY. — Churches: 6 with pastors; 31 with acting pastors ; 33 vacant.
Ministers; 6 pastors; 28 acting pastors; 5 others. Total, 39.
Church Membk.rs; 422 males ;^699 females; 2.877 not specified. Total, 3,9
89 absent (and doubtless many more). Gain, 46.
Additions in 18 59-70 (19 churches): 127 by profession; 93 by letter. Total, 220.
Removals in lSo9-70 (19 churches) ; 15 by death; 49 by dismissal; 4 by excommunication.
Total, 68.
Baptisms in 1859-70 (19 churches): 23 adult; 27 infant.
In Sabhath Schools : 5,033. Loss in schools reporting, 33.
CHANGES. —Churches : N'eio. — Coa.lia.le, Welsh; Williamsport. Dropped from the
list, Philadelphia 2d.
Ministeus ; Ordination, 1 pastor, 1 without installation.
ORGANIZATION^. — The Congregational Association of Western Prnnsylvania
includes cliuiclies in that section. The Philadelphia churches and Williamsport are
connected with the General Association of New Jersey. Eleven churches are con-
nected with the General Association of New York. Conncaut is coLinecied with the
General Conference of Ohio. The Welsh churches are united in the Pennsylvania
Welsh Conor t;u at ion al Union Association.
MARYLAND.
I Aug. 31, 1869. I
Baltimore,
1835; L. W. Bacon, a.p.
'7o|| 43| 35| 78| 16)
246
The above is last year's report of members. Other Ministers, — None.
ORGANIZATION. — Connected with the General Association of New J::rsey.
142
Statistics. — D, C. ; Va. ; N. C. ; S. C,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
[Jan.
* Churches. t
Place and Name. £«
O
Ministers. -o
_c
'5
Name. T
C
•6
o
CH. MEMB'RS.
Aug. 31, 1870.
Adn-
'69-
t'd
■0.
Removals
1863-70.
Bapt. »
'69-70. 1
6
6
B
fa
c
^
1
<
• r
X
<
1h
X
2
Washington. 1865
J. E. Rankin, D.D., p. '55
'69
124
Ul
•265
28l76!l04| 2 6l
8
12il0
1141
Benevolent Contriltions, $505. Current Expenses: $5,600. The Sabbath School
includes Lincoln Mission. Average congregation : 650.
Other Ministers.
John W. Alvord, Treas.
Frccdraan's Savings and
Trust Co.
J. H. Beck.wilh.
John W. Chickering, jr., Na-
tional Mute College.
Charles W. Denison.
Samuel C. Fessenden.
Solomon P. Giddings,
S. H. Hodges.
■William Russell.
E. Goodrich Smith.
Lucius L. TiMen.
Eliphalet 'Whitllesay, How-
ard University.
Licentiates.
None reported.
CHANGES. — Churches : none in list. Gain of members, 77. Gain in Sabbath School (partly
by including mission school), 971.
Ministers : lustuUution, 1. Deceased, 1 without charge,
VIRGINIA.
Sept. 1, 1870.
1 '69-70. 1 1839-70. | '69-70.
Gn-enwotd, 1866
Gilford, 1868
Hampton,* 1869
Herndon, 1868
Harvey Hyde,
.Jos. K. Johnson, '35
Richard Tolman, '45
Jos. R. Johnson, '35
'66
'70
'66
5
4
7
It
3
11
3
17
14
8
15
10
47
4
1
5
1
1
14
14
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
25
70
65
40
lOTAL : 4 churches, 3
ministers.
200
* Normal School church.
CHANGES. — Churches : New, — Hampton Normal School, organized November 7, 1869.
VropiJiid, — Occaquan. Gain of members, 9. Gain in Sabbath Schools, 130.
MlNlsii-RS. No change; all being acting or missionary pastors.
ORQANIZATION. — Guilford and Herndon are connected with the General Association
OF jSt-Sf Jersey. Hampton is under the care of the American Missionary Association.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Dee.lO, 1870. | '69-70. | 186,)-70. | '69-70.
Beaufort, 1870
Dudley, 1870
Wllmiiigton, 1870
Edward Bull, '69
John Scott, p. '70
Henry B. Blake, '45
'69
'70
'70
.->
20
6
28
5
13
5
23
7
33
11
51
0
1
1
o
17
•J
i;
17
]
is
34
3
17
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
I'
1
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
47
100
300
Total: 3 churches, ;
ministers.
147
These, churches are new. Beaufort was organized Nov. 9, 1870; Dudley, March 9,1870;
Wilmington, April 3, 1870. Edward Bull w.is ordained August 12, 1S6J ; .lolin .Scott, as pastor,
March 9, 1870. Dudley reports $5.50 contribution to the Bible Society, and §15.00 to the
American Missionary Association. All these churches are under the care of the American
Missionary Association.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
I Dec. 1, 1870. I '69-70. | 1869-70. | '69-70.
Charlcst'n.Plym'th.l867|jamesT.Ford, a.p. '57i'69| 63|l30|l93! lolill 4|l5| 8| 7| 2|17| l|l9|145
OTHtR Ministers. — Francis L. Cardozo, Secretary of State, Columbia.
CHANGES.— jNone in list. Gain of members, 23. Gain in Sabbath school, 70.
I87I.]
Statistics. — Ga.; Ala.; Miss.; La.
143
GEORGIA.
"
en. memb'rs.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT. OS
'69-70. 3
^ ^ oa
CHCRCnES.
Place and Name.
"O
Ministers.
Name.
0
Dec. 1,1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
<a
N
1
•0
«
"a
£
0
s
0
<
0
c
CO
.0
0
<
c
0^
c
0
V.
1;
-3
X
•
<
c
0
a
li.
—(
<
a^
J
r-
-4
^^
ii
^
<^
1— 1
►-(
Andersonville,
1868
None.*
6
10
16
1
6
0
6
0
0
0
0
6
3
75
Atlantii,
1887
C. W. Francis, p.
'67
'67
41
39
80
6
16
1
17
1
u
(1
1
15
0
2oO
Macon,
186H
K. E. Kogers, p.
'6!)
'6a
2U
29
49
14
17
0
17
1
1
1
0
17
2U0
Savauuah,
186S
Kobert Carter,
'66
'68
25
41
66
6
22
u
22
8
1
0
(1
lo
13
185
Total, 4 churches, J
ministers.
92
119
211
26
61
1
62
10
'2
1
13
53
16
710
* Occasional preaching by E. E. llogers, of Macon. Dea. Stickney has charge of meetings.
Other Ministers.— None reported.
Benevolent Contributions: Andersonville. $.5; Atlanta, $98; Savannah, $64.
The Atlanta church contributed, for all purposes, $316.74.
CHANGES. — None in list. Gain of members, 44. Gain in Sabbath school, 230.
ALABAMA.
1 Dec. 12, 1870. | '69-70. | 1869-70. | '69-70.
Marion,
Montgomery,
Talladega,
1870
1869
1868
G. W. Andrews, a. p. '67
J. A. Bedient, a.p. '69
John J. Strong, a.p. '7u
'70
'69
'70
3
5
32
40
13
11
19
43
16
16
51
83
4
4
7
15
4
9
4
17
0
0
5
5
4
9
9
22
0
0
3
3
0
7
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
7
3
10
1
6
4
11
0
5
5
100
75
150
Total: 3 chiii
•ches, 3
ministers.
325
Benev lent Contkibutions : Talladega, $51.90.
CH.VNGES. — Churches: iVc«f, — Marion, org.inized Jan. 2, 1870; Montgomery, Dec. 12,
1869. Dropped, — None. Gain of members, 46. Gain in Sabbath School, 95.
MISSISSIPPI.
1 Dec. 1, 1870.
'69-70. 1 183J-70. |
'6a-70.
Columbus, Sal'mch.18.32
Hamilton P. O., 1870
Sam'l C. Feemster, '66
[J. F. Galloway, p.e.]
'65
'70
21
5
26
21
13
34
42
18
60
6
0
6
6
14
20
1
4
5
7
18
25
0
0
0
4
0
4
1
0
1
5
0
5
2
12
_
14
1
0
1
100
75
Total: 2 churches.
175
Other Ministers. — None reported.
SUMMARY". — As above. Gain of members, 21, Gain in Sabbath Schools, 75. Contri-
butions : Columbus, $70.00.
CHAN'GES. — CnuROiiEj: New, — Ruhamah ch., near Hamilton P. O., Monroe county.
Dropped, — None.
LOUISIANA.
1 Dec. 1, 1870. 1 '69-70. | 1839-70. | '69-70.
Algiers,
1869
S. W. Otts,
'69
'70
26
28
54
1
10
1
11
1
0
4
5
6
6
40
Baton Rouge,
1869
Edw. F. Strickland,
'69
Greenville,
1869
Henry Lewin,
'69
'69
4
8
12
0
8
8
8
28
Gretna,
1869
W. P. Ward, p.
'69
'69
185
117
302
10
18
2
20
2
10
0
12
18
25
80
JettVrson City,
1870
Isaac Songue,
'69
'70
18
37
55
10
11
0
11
2
4
1
7
9
25
Lockport,
1869
Nelson Taylor,
'69
'69
New Orleans, 1st,
1866
M\ron W. Reed, p.
'6j
" M. Brown
1869
W. J. Brown, p.
'69
'69
30
60
90
7
5
12
4
4
0
8
1
15
100
" Zion,
1869
Joseph Dutch, p.
'64
'70
38
43
81
3
10
1
11
1
6
t
5
5
28
" Howard,
1869
Isaac Williams,
'55
'69
24
31
55
15
12
5
17
3
0
0
3
6
5
40
" St.Andi-ew8l86tt
S. VV. Rogers,
'55
'69
" St. James,
1869
Jacob A. Norager,
'64
'69
50
100
150
5
Total,
451
534
985
73
76
14
90
13
24
5
42
53
56
681
144
Statistics. — La.; Tex.; Ark.; Tenn.; Ky.
[Jan.,
Other Ministers.
Ezekiel DeWolf, teacher, New
Orleaii.s.
Joseph W. Healy, Pres.
StraightUuiv. New Orleans.
Samuel L. Harris, Agent
Freedmen's Saving Bank,
New Orleans.
George Jackson. Baton Rouge.
Nathan B. James, New Or-
leans,
L. H. Peare, Chef. Seaman's
Friend Soc, New Orleans.
John Kochesler, Jefferson
City.
Ebenezer Tuoker, Straight
Univ., New Orleans.
John Turner, New Orleans.
BljM:>rART. — Churches : 4 with pastors ; 8 with acting pastors. Total, 12.
Ministers: 4 pastors; 8 acting pastors; 9 others. Total, 21. Many of the above minis-
ters are iti the employ of the American Missionary Association.
Additions, etc., as above. Gain of members In churches reporting, 414. Gain in Sabbath
Schools, 111.
CHANGES. — Churches: JN^fjc, — Greenville ; St. James, New Orleans. Dropped from the
li-'t, — not e.
Ministers: Ordinations, 2 without installation. Installation,!.
ORG ANIZ ANION. — The churches are united in a Congregationai, Conference, organ-
ized in 1869.
TEXAS.
CnuRCiiES. "2
Place and Name, jp
Ministers. -a
o
.c
c:
Name. '-_
C
?
c
S
s
5
OH. memb'rs.
Dec. 1,1870.
Admt'd
'69-70.
Removals
1860-70.
BAPl.j
'69-70. 5
E
c
■Z
<
X
"7.
q
5
o
<
C
X
X
<•
z.
1—1
Brownsville, 1869
" 2d, 1870
Jeremiah Torter, '31
•Tercmiah Porter,
'68
'68
6 10
5 5
16
10
26
4
4
8
1 2: 3
0 Oj 0
3
0
3
4
0
4
0
0
0
71 1
0 2
12 90
0 20
Total, I
11
llo
1
2
■6
7
LI
12
IllO
CH.\NGES. — Churches: .^%o, — Brownsville 2d. /^ro/)/)erf, — Jefferson.
Contributions: $25. Loss of members, 156. Loss in Sabbath School, 10.
ARKANSAS.
No report. Last year, —churches at Austin, J. L, Herod, a. p., and Bayou-Metoe.
Members, 71.
TENNESSEE.
Dec. 1, 1870. 1 '69-70. | 1869-70. | '69-7>J.
Chattanooga,
Memphis, 1st,
2d,
Nashville, Union,
1867
18154
1867
1837
EwingO. Tade,
A. E. Baldwin, p.e,
W. W. Mallory,
Henry S. Bennett,
'61
'60
'64
'63
'66
'70
'67
'68
17
24
22
93
20
52
20
132
37
76
42
225
5
10
4
39
6
17
5
28
3
0
3
6
9
17
8
34
3
0
U
3
2
0
1
3
4
0
0
4
9
0
1
10
6
17
5
28
6
0
1
7
150
65
300
Total: 4 churches,
4 ministers.
585
Other Ministers. — None reported,
CHANGES. — Churches: None in li.st. Gain of members, 10. Loss in Sab. Schools, 560.
Mi.NlSTER<: The above are acting pastors.
Benevolent Contributions : Chattanooga, $150 ; Memphis, 2d, $100 ; Nashville, $106.
KENTUCKY.
Dec. 10, 1870. | '69-70. | 1869-70. | '69 -'70.
Berea,
Camp Nelson,
South Fork,
1853
1864
Total : 3 churches.
( John G. Fee, p.
\ J. A.R. Rogers, p
'47
'57
'53
'58
70
45
115
22
20
6
26
0
2
1
3
18
1
Gabriel Burdett, p.
50
124
174
22
8
1
9
7
0
2
9
8
0
George Candee,
'61
4
6
10
0
3
3
0
0
u
U
0
U
4 ministers.
124
175
299
44
28
10
38
7
2
3
12
26
1
300
130
Un
430
Other Ministers. — Edwin H. Fairchild, Pres. Berea College, Berea. A. B. Pratt, Berea.
Benevolent Contributions: Berea, $500; Camp Nelson, $55.30.
CHANGES. — Churches — iVeiO,- South Fork. Gain of members, 36. Gain in S.ibbath
Schools, 185,
iS/i.]
Statistics. — Ohio.
145
OHIO.
CH. MEMB'RS.
Adm
td
Removals
BAPT.jo
'69-70. 0
'i
Apr. 1, 1870.
1869-70,
1869-70.
Churches.
•6
0
Ministers. -^
5
>-
r—^-.
, " ^
/■^-A.^*
yjj.
Place and Name
N
'5
0
Name. 'g
0
s
0
0)
S
0
<
0
-4J
0
c
<
X
7,
>i
1?
r.
■»
i
35
0
C
Q
a
b.
Ch
<
I-_
J_
r-
—
—
-
r-
•-. -
M
Akron,
1842
Carlos Smith, '32
'62
61
152
213
36
17
53
4
8
0
12
2
2 317
Alexandria.
1838
[U.Ritchey,Wes.Meth.]
'68
3
25
28
0
1
1
1
5
0
0
0
0
12s
Alliance, Welsh,
18t57
Mewelyn K. Powell 'Ss
'67
14
15
29
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
4
40
Amherst, South,
1834
[A . E. Todd, Licen.]
[J. E.Todd, Liceu.]
'69
24
47
71
8
0
10
1
1
0
2
8
0
75
North,
18-10
'69
28
52
80
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
30
1
141
Andover, West,
1818
None. '42
'59
18
34
52
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
50
" Centre,
]8:t2
None.
13
25
38
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
Ashtabula,
IS'iO
Edward Anderson, '08
'68
45
80
125
12
1
13
2
3
0
5
10
4
1-56
Aurora.
1809
Glover C. Reed, '65
'68
12
24
36
2
0
2
1
1
0
2
1
0
35
Austinburg,
ISOl
Sereno W. Btreeter, '36
'69
49
79
128
3
3
6
4
8
0
12
1
0
150
Bellevue,
1836
.Samuel B. Sherrill, '63
'68
27
63
90
2
4
6
0
0
0
0
0
9
190
Belpi-e,
1826
Jiimes A. Bates, p. '60
'67
62
101
163
7
2
9
1
13
2
16
0
2
313
Berea,
1856
Henry Johnson, '41
'68
10
12
22
2
4
6
0
0
0
0
1
0
" Welsh,
186.i
Kiioch Jones, '69
'69
10
19
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
44
Berlin Heitrhts,
1862
-T. C. Thompson, . '45
'69
26
47
73
7
8
15
0
3
0
6
4
1
97
Bloomfleld: North
1821
Dormer L. Hickok. '60
'58
18
24
42
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
135
Bowling Green,
1867
William Irons, '64
'67
Briehtou,
1S::6
Willard Burr,
'69
12
16
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
150
Brist il,
1817
Dormer L. Hickok, '60
'58
21
42
63
5
1
6
1
(1
0
1
2
0
135
Brookfleld,
1860
K. 11. Lewis,
80
84
164
75
16
91
0
11
4
15
0
0
1^0
Brooklyn,
1819
Ch:iuncey L.Hamlen,'67
'6S
15
34
49
4
2
6
0
5
0
5
0
2
65
Browniitlm,
None.
B'wn t'nsh'p,Welsh,18.')0
None.
Cambridge,
1867
None.
10
24
34
80
(Jatifield,
1804
Mortimer Smith, '6S
'70
11
34
45
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
36
Centre.
1847
None.
3
5
8
Centreville, Welsh
IB.VJ
Enoch Jones, '69
'69
36
33
69
27
3
30
2
0
0
2
0
0
50
Chagrin Falls,
1835
George W.Walker, '62
'69
12
33
45
10
7
17
0
2
0
•J.
7
0
125
Charlestown,
1811
None.
Chatham,
1834
■Stephen D. Feet, '55
'69
52
85
137
t
5
5
10
0
2
0
2
2
2
103
Cinciimati. Sforrs,
1832
Horace Bushnell, '32
'31
26
28
oi
■5.)
v
15
0
15
1
3
0
4
5
4
.3.^0
Welsh,
11. li. Williams,
54
106
160
0
8
33
41
1
32
2
35
0
0
120
" Vine St.,
Henrv D. Moore, p. '42
'69
1.37
100
237
^
71
13
84
20
0
20
28
4
1,30
'' 7th St.,
1847
Knen'HalIfy, p. '70
'69
150
177
327
i.
31
13
44
2
16
0
18
15
13
325
" Columbia
,1867
Daniel I. Jones, '■ 5
'69
27
44
71
0
15
10
25
5
1
Claridon,
■ 1827
Ezekiel D. Taylor, '47
'55
55
90
145
^
8
3
11
1
1
0
2
5
1
230
Clarksfield.
1822
[J. M.Fraser.jr.,/>z"c.]'69
'69
25
35
60
15
2
17
0
6
0
6
9
0
92
Cleveland, 1st,
1834
James A. Thome, p. '36
'48
111
232
343
48
7
55
7
15
0
22
25
14
320
'• Plvmouth,18.)U
Sam. Wolcott..D.D.p. '39
'62
80
200
280
5
5
10
2
28
0
30
4
1
290
" Height-*,
1859
Thomas K. Noble, '63
'69
48
104
152
28
23
51
0
7
0
7
15
4
320
" Mt.Zion,
1864
None.
20
40
60
4
0
4
1
4
4
9
8
1
50
Coalburgh,
1866
None.
13
37
50
8
5
13
0
8
2
11)
0
9
50
Collamer,
1852
Chas. W. Torrey, '45'
'67
40
50
90
23
10
33
3
6
0
9
1
3
127
Columbia Centre,
1852
None.
5
7
12
60
Columbus, Welsh,
1837
Rees Powell, '38
•60
27
34
61
3
11
14
1
4
0
5
0
4
58
Columbus,
18.52
(leo. W. Phillips, p. '64
'68
117
208
325
27
15
42
3
28
2
33
10
8
290
Conneaut,
1819
Russell M. Keyes, '65
'65
32
106
1.38
8
9
17
2
6
0
8
6
2
80
Coolville,
1841
[\Vmi. H. Bay, Pres.]
'67
14
44
58
2
6
8
1
0
0
1
0
10
150
Cow liun.
1869
|G.W. Wells, Xict;7i.]
'70
5
8
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
45
Crab Creek,
1859
I'. Edwards,
34
62
76
65
Cuyahoga Falls,
1834
E. V. H. Danner. p. '67
'66
28
72
100
3
10
13
3
6
0
9
1
1
196
Decatur,
1868
[Will. H. Bay, Pres.]
14
48
58
2
6
8
1
0
0
1
0
10
150
Delaware, Welsh,
1842
John H. Jones. '38
'63
Delta,
1869
.\si\ W. Sanders,
3
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
00
Dover,
1847
lleman B. Hall, '51
'66
39
48
87
1
3
4
2
0
0
2
0
0
125
East Cleveland,
1843
Justin E. TwitchcU, '66
'69
72
146
218
6
1-i
20
.>
7
0
9
3
0
319
Kast Toledo,
1869
Robert Quaife, '53
'69
14
22
36
11
12
23
0
2
0
2
0
2
80
Kdiiiburgh,
1823
George T. Ladd, '71/
'69
24
58
82
2
4
6
0
2
0
2
1
0
145
Fairfield, North,
1841
Thomas C. Thomas, '67
'68
30
44
74
2
2
4
1
4
0
5
0
0
60
Farmingtou, West
1834
None.
'70
18
3:.
51
0
7
7
0
5
3
8
0
0
52
Fearing,
1S51
Levi L. Fay, '43
'61
12
26
38
3
u
3
1
0
0
1
2
1
54
Find lay.
1865
None.
27
56
83
Fitch viile, 1st,
1818
None.
3)
42
72
100
•2d,
1855
None.
13
23
36
1
0
47
Fort Ancient,
1868
None.
S
15
28
Four Corners,
1846
Qnincy B. Bosworth, '50
'68
27
40
67
n
1
1
0
5
0
5
0
93
Fowler,
None.
1
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. IIL NO. I.
10
146
Statistics. — O/iio.
[Jan.
Churches.
Place and Name.
i
1
0
Ministers.
Name.
c
r:
C
0
0
Cn. MEMB'R.S.
April 1, 1870.
A
Admt'd
1869-70.
A
Removals
1869-70
BAPT.M
'69-70. S
E
<
a:
1.
Ul
5
f^
X
= 0 <
5.BII
0
<
2
Freedom,
Gambler,
Garreitsville,
Geneva,
Gomer. Allen Co.,
\Veli?h,
Granville. Welsh,
Greei)field,
Gustavus,
Ilambiien,
Karmar,
Hartford,
'• Croton, P.O.
Hiiipkley,
Hi'.bbard,
Hudson,
Huntington,
Hunteburirh.
Ironton, Welsh,
Ironton, Knglish,
Jcfl'erson,
Jerome,
Johnston,
Ki'lley's Island,
Kent,
KUtlaiid,
J.afayette,
La Granite,
Ijawrencc,
Lebanon,
Lenox,
Lexington,
Litchfield,
1828| None.
lS68|Enoch F. Baird,
1S34
1810
1835
1841
18±2
IS.j'i
IS'. 9
184(1
1803
1818
'52
'20
'41
'55
William Potter,
Amzi D. Barber,
None.
John E. Jones,
Thomas C. Thomas, '67
H. D. King, '56
I'hineas A. Beane, p.'.JS
Wm. Wakefield, p. '46
J. B. Davison, '66
None.
1828] R. W. Logan,
1866pavid E.Kvans, p. '66
1802 George Darling, p. '50
lSy6 Ansel R. Clark, '2it
1818|John C. Burnell. ',57
lS.04i John M. Thomas, '4''i
1869]John M. Thomas, '46
I None.
1863j Austin N. Hamlin. '44
1814 Joseph B. Davison, '06
186*)|m. K. Holbrook. p. '68
1819 B. I). Conkling, p. '08
1819 None.
1834 J. M. Eraser, '40
None.
1846 Levi L. Fay. p. '43
1857 None.
1845 None.
1862 George V. Fry,
1833 "' "■ ■
Little Muskingum, 1843
Lock, 1834
Lodi, 1817
Lowell &R.iinbow, 1858
Madison. Ist,
Madison,
Homer Thrall,
[/y. J. Mills, Licen.'\
None.
None.
[G.W.Wells, Licen.'\
1814] None
1830 1 Levi Loring,
Mansfield,
1835 1
E.B. Fairfield. n.D.. p.
Mantua,
Glover C. Reed.
Marietta,
1796
T.n. Hawks, D.I)., p.
Township
.1869
rf. J. H. Jenkins,
Martinsburgh,
1866
Enoch F. Baird,
Marysville,
1864
None.
Mecca,
1822
Joseph B. Davison,
Medina,
1819
E. J.Alden,
Mesopotamia,
None.
Metauiora,
1869
Asa W. Sanders.
Mincr.^ville. Welsh,
1853
None.
Mineral Kldge,
1857
J. C. Edwards,
Monroe,
1829
Heman Geer.
Montgomery,
1843
Nathaniel G. Fay,
Morgan.
1819
T. H. Delamater,
Mt.Cannel, Welsh 1848
Enoch Jones.
Mount Vernon,
1834
Thomas E. Monroe,
Napoleon,
1869
None.
Kebo, Welsh,
1855
Evan Davies. p.
Nelson.
1813
Henry Matson.
New Albany,
1848
Austin N. Hamlin,
Newark. Welsh,
D. Sebastian Jones.
Newburgh, Welsh
1859
John E. Jones,
Newbury,
1832
[D. Witter, Presb.}
New London,
1803
None.
.. ..
1866
None.
Niles,
David Thomas.
Norwalk,
1867
Cnssiu.s E. Wright,
Oberlin, Ist,
1834
Chas. G. Finney, p
1 John Morgan, d.d
'62
'70
'68
'69
'62
'55
'69
'70
08
58
58
70
'68
'68
«7
'69
'.8
'OS
'69
'43
'48
'43
'56
'69
'58
12 13 25
10 26
68 119
45
56
47
38
85
42
51
8
55
106
46
93
40
29
'321 '57
'62r68
'44i'V0
14
50
10
18
18
41
31
40
40
91
12
31
21
41
17
32
38
6:^
28
62
22
44
3
1
7
19
16
32
7
l.n
10
24
48
108
158
228
99
144
15
30
21
30
32
.)9
22
39
10-
'00
'29
'63
10.7
'69
'68
'37
'37i'o7
30
33
14
16
9
132
4
44
18
15
50
10
58
11
12
27
446
36
75
86
65
54
128
60
88
11
80
159
65
14-
58
51
64
2H
59
71
131
43
62
49
mo
8(1
66
10
2f
48
22
34
156
386
2-13
51
51
91
6
,16
40
58
35
52
18
239
10
45
3
26
73
16
102
1
33
55
486
70
91
49
68
27
371
14
89
50
40
12
26
160
3(J
45
82
932
0
4
9
1
2
4
4 1
5 5
0
4
o| ol
1 1
16
2 10
2i 3
3 9
12 18
4 6
3 3
0
4 0
0 1
46 12 58 10 68
7 31 0
6 0 0
8 3 3
13
18
6 14
0
0
0
1
0
65
50
150
60
40
63
154
105
110
90
316
165
286
86
170
oJi
87
83
200
1 75
73
120
124
25
40
loJ
40
(•5
200
280
200
100
06
130
80
400
90
70
70
42
0
0
1
0
8
1
3
0
0
1
15
0
0
0
0
5
0
6
0
2
9
2
0 120
175
0
79
80
50
140
47
125
120
I87I.]
Statistics. — Ohio.
^A7
Churches. 'S
Place and Name. ?>o
O
Ministers.
Name.
T)
u
a
c;
rt
;::
T)
l^
n
c
a
en. MtMBR's. Adrat'd Ucmovnls
■% April 1. 1870.
1869-70.
1869-70.
F
.J
c
's
o
r^
.«
'.<
0
i:i
K
BAPT.c
'6'J-70. 3
3 ? OQ
Oberlin, 2d, 1830
Olmsted Falls, 1835
Olive Green, 1861
OrwfU.
P.iiuesville, 181(J
Puini Valley, 1867
Palmyra, Welsh, 18.35
Paris. Welsh, 1850
Parkman, 182.3
Pi-ntiel.i, 1829
Pierpont, 1851
Pissiah, 1854
Pitfsfield, 1836
Plain, 1835
Plymouth, 1855
Pomeroy. Welsh, 1813
Portage Centre, 1869
Portl;md, Welsh, 1842
Providence, 1860
Radnor, Welsh, 1819
Randolph, 1812
Ravenna, 1822
Rawsonville, 1864
Richflfld, 1818
Ridgeville,
" North, 1848
Ripley. 1851
Rochester, 1835
Rockport, 1859
Rollers villa,
Rootstown, 1810
Ruggles, 1827
Sandusky, 1819
Saybrook, 1847
Seville, 1838
Sheffield, 1818
Siloam, Welsh, 186U
Springfield, 18.50
Welsh, 1867
St. Joseph,
Stroiigsville, 1842
Sullivan, 1835
Sjivania,
Syracuse, Welsh, 1858
Tallmadge, 1809
Welsh, 1847
Thompson, 1820
Troedrhindalar, W. 1833
Troy.
Twinsburg. 1822
Tyurhos, Welsh, 1841
Unionville, 1834
Vermillion, 1818
Vernon,
Wadsworth, 1819
Wakeman, 1844
Washington, 1868
Wauseon, 1861
AVayne, 1832
Wellington, 1824
AVest iMillgrove, 1869
West Newton, 1861
Weymouth, 1835
WilliamBlield,We8t,1816
Centre, 1839
York, 1833
Touugstown, 1S46
Jas.H. Fairchild, '41
Hiram Mead, '58
Henry Johnson,
John B. Dawson,
None.
Hiram C. Hayden, p. '62
j Georsre V.Fry,
/ E. F. Bair.1,
John J. Jenkins, p. '66
William T. Hughes, '6.S
William P..tter, '20
Wm. A. Westervelt, '45
None.
M. W. Diggs,. '57
David K. I'angborn,
John Vetler, '62
None.
None.
Willi,. m Irons, '64
Evan Evans, '69
Austin N. Hamlin, '44
James Davies, '18
Joseph Meriam, p. '22
Edward B. Mason, p. '62
None.
None.
Ko report.
William Russell,
None.
Will'trd Burr,
O.W.White,
Nathaniel G. Fay, '43
None.
Hiram L. Howard, '64
H. N. Burton,
Samuel Cole, '41
None.
John GoflF,
JC'hn A. Davies, p. '36
A. Hastings Koss, p. '61
David Davies, p. '52
None.
Lucius Smith, '41
Curtis C. Baldwin, '55
Robert McCuue, '49
John Loyd, '51
S. W. Segur, p. '62
David Davies, p. '52
Samuel Manning, '66
Rees Powell, '38
None.
Andrew Sharp, '40
Evan Davies, p. '32
None.
Martin K. Pasco, '69
•J. a. Davison.
Dan'l E. Hathaway, '68
Joseph S. Edwards, '4-i
George V. Fry, '47
D.Darwin Waugh, '61
[E.Thomps'n,Pre6-6.]'54
Larmon 13. Lane, '-IS
Charles Irons.
None.
Wm.H.Brinkerhoff, '32
None.
Albert Fitch,
Sydney Bryant, '40
David S. Davis, '62
145
11
22
13
109
15
16
22
2
24
8
10
9
18
10
22
7
19
9
46
18
4::
5
28
6
119
18
21
24
6
21
40
11
10
4
28
81
19
40
41
50
186
11
22
27
258
20
35
4i
8
39
18
16
18
27
11
40
12
28
12
60
39
109
15
30
12
13
15
6:.
51
207
37
21
48
28
loo
28
35
20
40
15
192
37
26
28
27
64
47
39
38
14
40
81
27
93
60
104
12
45
47
33
57
61
331
22
44
40
367
35
51
63
10
63
26
26
27
45
21
62
19
47
21
106
57
152
20
45
21
20
20
104
76
279
37
75
39
150
54
62
28
68
21
311
55
47
52
33
88
87
50
48
18
68
162
46
133
101
154
18
72
76
59
83
101
0 18
5
6
4
1 3
4 5
14,42
45
50
50
319
50
35
55
60
40
26
riO
50
0
55
48
40
82
50
180
35
76
1.50
U
135
82
2^0
95
00
45
160
55
55
30
100
65
250
50
40
30
68
ISO
70
85
120
100
1.50
46
82
125
:92
30
85
60
75
65
148
Statistics. - hidiaiia.
[Jan.
Other Ministers.
Isrnel W. Andrews, D.D.,
I'res. Coll., Marietta.
Jalin p. Bardwell, Oberlin.
lii'o. Barnum, farmer, Wau-
seon.
Leonidas E. Barnes, Mt. Ver-
non.
Enoch iST. Bartlett, Oberlin.
George F. Brouson, South
Kiriland.
William N. Brigss. Oberlin.
Sidney Bryant, Oberlin.
CliarUs H. Churchill, Oberlin.
George Clark, Oberlin.
Robert Cochran, Anstinburg.
Alvan Coe, Vermillion.
Henry Oowles, D.D., Prof.,
Oberlin.
Gideon Dana, Oberlin.
Joseph Davison, Oberlin.
J. Edwards, East Cleveland.
JohnM. Ellis, Oberlin.
John Edwards, Toungstown.
\V. Foot, Gusiiivns.
James Grey, Seville.
Mason Grosvenor, Cincinnati.
B. Grovcr, Aurora.
John C. Hart, Ravenna.
Koswell Hawkes, Painesville.
Milo Hobart, Gustavus.
Henry B. Hosford, Prof.,
Hudson.
Luther Huinphrey,Windham.
Eben D. Jones, Syracuse.
SylvanusM. Judson, S\lvania.
Theodore J. Keep, Oberlin.
Lysander Kelsey, Sec. Ohio
H. M. Soc, Columbus.
Siimuel Kelso, Bryan.
William Kincaid, Laporte.
J. C. KingsU'j', Cleveland.
Stephen C. Leonard, Oberlin.
Levi Loring, Wakeman.
J.imes Monroe, t)berlin.
llobert Page, West Farming-
ton.
Charles H. Penfiold, Oberlin.
]>avid C. Perry, Barlow.
John Pettit, Bucyrus.
Chauncy N. Pond, Fin. Agent,
Theological Semiu'ry, Ober-
lin.
L. Pi,. Powell, Alliance.
-Tohn H. Prentice, Marion.
Calvin N. Kansom, LoweU.
William Russell, Cleveland.
John Shafer, Oberlin.
Luther Shaw, 'J'allmadge.
Fayette Shipherd, t)bcrlin.
Judson Smith, Prof., Oberlin.
Asa Sperry, Morgan.
T. Thomas. Yoiiiigstown.
J. R. Wright, Sheffiuld.
Licentiates.
Rossiter, Prof.,
in tables .
George R
Marietta.
And four others,
SUMMARY. — CilUBCriES: 28 with pastors ; 112 with acting pastors; 61 vacant (including 11
supplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 201.
Ministers: 26 pastors; 9-1 acting pastors; 50 others. Total, 170. LiCEMTr.A.TEa, 5.
Church Members: 6,271 males"; 10,729 females. Total, 17,000, absentees included, but
not specially enumerated. Gain, o8i.
Additions in 1869-70: 1,161 by profession; 709 by letter. Total, 1,870.
Removals IN 1869-70: 181 by death; 772 by dismissal; 61 by excora'tion. Total, 1,014.
Baptisms IN 1869-70: 462 adult; 314 infant. In Sabbath Schools: 19,937. Gain, 1,401.
Be.nevolent Contkibdtions (141 churches, 152 last year): $48,125, a decrease of $3,202.
Parish Expenses (153 churches, 153 last year) : $169,432, a decrease of $9,991.
CHAXGES. — Chcrches: New, or replaced on the list, — Cow Run; Decatur; Greenfield;
Hartlord, Croton P. O.; Hinckley; Ilnntingtou; Mesopotamia; Metamora; Nilos ; Por-
tage Centre; Ridgeville; Rockport; Vernon. Pisgah is also transferred from Indiana,
hitherto incorrectTy reported. Dropped itam the list,— BrcMison ; Canal Dover. Colum-
bia 2d now appears in Cincinnati, and Oak Hill is now I'oi tland.
Ministers : (from partial report, and records in Quarterbj), Ordinations, 2 pastors, 1 with-
out installation. Installations, 2. Dismissals, one. Deceased, one acting pastor, two
without charge.
ORG.ANIZATION". Eleven Conferences of churches are united in the General Confer-
ence wliich includes 163 churches, besides the church in Conneaut. Pa. A Welsh Con-
ference has 12 churches. Pisgah is couuected with the General Association of Indiana.
INDIANA.
Chdrches. S
N
'E
a
Place and Name. ?»
5
Ministers.
Name.
CH. members.
Addit'ns.
Removals
bapt
,
01
May], 1S70.
1869-70.
1869-70.
'69-70
E
<
^
U
X
£
<
X
CO
u
C
c
a
B
o
H
0
-/J
O
2-1
o
O
1
a
;-',
c.
^
'r
DO
as
CQ
n
Un.
25
150
1.50
225
44
50
100
Angola,
Bloomtield,
Booneville,
Cold Spri'g T'p,
Elkhart.
Fort Wayne,
Francisco.
Harrison Co.,
Hart Township
Indianapolis. —
" Plymouth.
" Mayflower
Kokomo,
Liber,
Mechanicsville,
1869
1869
1839
1863
1869
1870
1862
1867
,18o6
1857
,1869
1863
18.i4
1855
Ebenezer Ualliday,
None.
None.
None.
S. R. lioyce, '59
None.
T. B. McCormiek, '30
None.
Lewis Wilson, p. '49
None.
C. M. Sanders, p. '67
D. J. Baldwin, p. '65
Henry Hoddle,
T. B." McCormiek, '39
5
10
15
0
8
7
15
1
0
0
1
2
2
6
12
18
6
4
1
5
0
1
1
10
15
25
'7u
4
7
11
26
0
■67
2
5
7
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'50
4
4
8
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
69
93
162
26
50
25
75
o
21
0
23
IS
1
'69
19
34
53
0
12
14
2o
0
0
15
'70
39
19
5S
12
3
4
7
4
0
0
4
1
I
'69
13
6
19
0
1
0
1
1
3
0
4
1
0
'67
S
3
6
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
iS/i.]
Statistics. — Illinois.
149
CII. MEMBEKS.
Adml'd.
Removals
BAFT. •<;
•69-70. S
■6
May 1,1870.
1869-70.
1869-70.
Chukches. "g
Place and Name. ?»
Ministers,
Kame.
/.«^-~ so
'a
c
0
a
s
6
2.
a
a
t
0
u
0
<
X
•->
a
0)
a
0
E-
0
r/J
7}
B
2
0
0
0
.-5
fa
<
—
T
^
«
£
W
H
*f
—
Michigan Ciiy, 1835
[J. J. Ward. Presh
1
'67
36
72
108
0
2
7
9
2
10
0
12
2
2
140
Monttiornery, IS.Vi
Lewis Wilson, p.
'49
'06
17
27
44
0
7
0
i
1
0
0
1
4
0
New Corydon, 184S
None.
Ont.irio.- 1840
None.
30
43
73
13
0
1
1
1
u
0
1
0
0
50
Orland. 1836
C. Kidder.
'32
31
(0
106
7
0
2
2
0
3
0
3
1
0
Un.
Pleasant Grove,18r)5
Lewis Wilson,
'67
6
11
16
SoUberry. 1868
None.
•28
33
61
0
10
y
19
0
0
4
Ten-e Haute, 1834
E. Frank Howe,
'62
'65
69
165
234
6
10
8
18
4
4
0
8
4
11
250
Vigo. We.st, 1819
None.
21
24
45
45
'• South. 18.54
Dean Andrews, p.
'43
'58
8
8
16
0
2
•2
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
30
Waterloo City, 1866
None.
Westchester, 1840
Joseph H. Jones,
'37
'54
6
9
15
Winchester, 1869
N. H. Bell,
'68
'70
3
15
18
0
14
4
18
0
0
0
0
Total :
455
726
1181
79
l-'3
84
207
le
44
0
60
53
18
1429
Other Ministers.
J. G. Brice. Winchester.
S. D. Harlan, Indiauaijolis.
Nathaniel A. Hyde. Agent
Am. Home Miss. Soc, In-
dianapolis.
Rufus I'atch. Prin. Coll. Insti-
tute, Ontario.
M. A.Jewett, d d., Ter. Haute.
Kbenezer Tucker, Union City.
M.S. Whitehead, Indianapolis.
Licentiates. None reported
SUMMARY. — CnuRCHEs: 5 with pastors; 10 with acting pastors; 11 vacant (including 1
supplied by Presbyterian). Tot.\l. 23.
Minis rF.R-i: 4pa.stors; 8 acting pastors; 7 others. ToTAl., 19.
Church Members, Additions, etc., as above. Gain of members, 37. Gain in Sabbath
School, 176.
CHANGES. — Churches : N'ew. — Winchester. Dropped from the list, — Pisgah, now stated
to be in Ohio, and transferred accordingly.
Ministers: Ordinations, 2 without i;istallation. Installations, 2. Dismissals, 4. Deceased,
none.
GRG.ANIZ.VTION. — Four Associations of churches. The churches are also united in the
Ge\er\l As-<oci,ATiON, which includes also tliree Illinois churches, viz. : Albion, Mar-
shall, and Wabash Co.; one Ohio church, Pisgah; and one Michigan church, East Gilead
and Bethel.
ILLINOIS
CH. memb'rs.
Admt'd
Remova
Is
BAPT.-i
1869. 5
•
•c
April 1, 1870.
'69-70,
1869
-70.
Churches.
Place and Name.
r3
Ministers.
Name.
.
CJ
._. ^
/- -^
0
.2
'5
tS
to
0
c
n3
C
6
0!
■5
<
0
X
.0
*t^
:j
<
X
/.
0
7>
■5
X
n
GO
Z
0
0
V
a
fa
< a.
Q
,^
fa
•,
-H
Albany,
1842
None.
14
21
35
0
8
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
3
Oa
Albion,
1849
None.
15
20
35
Aledo,
1839
Pliny Fisk Warner,
'60
'69
10
14
24
1
0
24
24
1
0
0
1
0
1
Algonquin,
1850
None.
8
17
25
4
0
4
4
0
4
0
4
0
0
42
[Alton,
1870
M, K. Whittlesey, p.
'49
'70
,
Altona,
1857
John L. Granger,
'66
'69
29
49
78
11
0
U
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
Amboy,
1854
George H. Wells, p.
'67
'67
67
108
175
22
14
3
17
0
6
0
6
lu
15
300
Anawan,
1853
None.
9
32
Areola,
1868
None.
Arispe,
1858
None.
3
3
6
Atkinson,
1863
None.
Atlanta,
1840
George B. Hubbard,
'48
'66
20
35
.55
7
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
60
Aurora, 1st,
1838
Isaac Cl.irk, p.
'61
'68
81
172
253
y
8
16
24
2
12
0
14
3
1
2yo
" NewEng'd
, I8.58
T, Nelson Haskell, p
,'55
'68
52
103
1.55
y
14
23
37
ty
2
0
4
4
4
250
Avon,
1855
None,
6
15
21
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
Barry,
1846
None.
10
16
26
9
2
2
4
1
0
0
1
2
1
ISO
Statistics. — Illinois.
[Jan.
CnUECHES.
Place and Name.
Ministers.
Name.
O
CH. memb'rs.
April 1, 1870.
Admt'd
69-70.
Removals
1869-70.
Batavja, 1835
B'dstown,(P) '45 (C.) '50
Beverly. 1859
Bis Grove,
Big Itock,
(Welsh), 1852
Big AVoods. 18-12
Blaiidinsville. 1868
Bloomingdale, Ist. 1840
2nd, 1869
Blue Island, 1868
Bowon, ISod
Brenton, 1860
Brickton, 1858
Brigliton, 1867
Brinifield, 18+7
Bristol, 1836
Station, ISG.J
Bud.i. 18.6
Bunker Hill, 1838
Burlington, 1850
Burrilt, 1856
Byron. 1837
C.imbridge, 1851
Canton, 1842
Carpentorville, 1864
Champaign, 1853
Cha!idlerville,P.'36 C.'47
Cliebanse, 1868
Clicnoa. 1867
Chesterfield, 1848
CbicaiiO. 1st. 1851
•• Plymouth, 18.52
'' South. 1853
" Now England, 18.56
" Union Park, 1860
" Tabernacle, 1866
" Lincoln Park, 1867
" Scandinavian, 186S
" Oakland, 1868
'' Bethany, 1S6S
" lA'avitt Street,1868
" Wicker Park, iS69
Clement, 1859
Clifion, 1859
C'umo, 1851
Concord. (P.) '44.(C.)'48
1869
18.56
1839
1842
1859
1862
1854
1870
1869
1864
1838
1866
1841
1S59
185S
1866
1843
18o7
1868
1854
E. W. Root.
W. A. Chamberlin, p.'61
None.
None.
None.
Henry Davies, p. '67
[Cphs. F. Clapp, Licen.]
A. Bushuell.
[A. J. Bailey, Licen.]
None.
Samuel Pillj',
Luman Wilcox, '24
.James H. Laird, '64
[I.W.Thombs,,Ve«7».]"55
.\ndrew J. Drake, '45
None.
None.
Arihur E. Arnold, '6'
Richard Ce. il Stone, '34
Kdward Walker, '67
Xo meetings.
James P. Stoddard, '61
Joel Grant, '45
Henry Bates, p. '43
None.
None.
Geo. A. Paddock, '68
Daniel K. Milkr, '38
Crescent,
Creston,
Crete,
Cry.stal Lake,
Dallas City,
Danby,
D.mvers,
Deei Park,
De ICalb Centre,
Delaware,
Desplaines,
Dix.
Itovcr,
Downer's Grove,
D.mdee.
iMinleith,
i>urand,
Dwight,
Eaglj I'oint,
Earivillc,
East Lisbon,
East I'uw Paw,
Hy Nesbit Baldwin, '6
E.l'.Gooclwii', n.D.p.'59
Wm. A. Bartlelt, p.
Ohas. M. Tyler, p.
L. T.Chaniiie;lain,p
Chas. D. Holiner, p.
Ed. F. Williams, p.
H. P. De Forrest, p.
None.
James C. White,
James Harrison, p.
.\lo.ses Smith, p.
Wm. E. Holi-oke,
Nathaniel 1'. Colirin.
Edwin R. Beach, p.
S. B. Goodenow.
Edward B. Tutbill.
[M.W.Pinkert'u.L'n]
None.
Samuel Porter,
R. Hay,
None.
None.
Geo.W. Phinney, '65
None.
None.
None.
James H. Laird, '64
None
Otis F. Curtiss, '23
Thomas Chafer, '60
Dexter D. Hill, p. '69
None.
Xo ineeli fjs.
J. A. Montgomery, '60
None.
Charles S. Harrison, '58
None.
Charles C. Breed, '57
'39
13
4
19
32
5
7
1
42
28
6
14
64
5
38
22
46
61
37
28
20
266
113
44
1
132
143
24
28
18
44
5
1
15
13
50
7
31
11
13
16
12
1
5
43
12
45
101
102
14
15
35
3
5
13
28
50
55
2
18
93
2
56
55
103
48
24
35
436
183
95
181
224
278
55
40
38
68
6
IG
31
31
47
1.
63
169
159
22
28
11
54
69
10
20
45
92
83
3;
15;
94
7
149
14'
85
52
55
702
296
139
301
356
421
79
68
56
112
11
28
46
44
9'
r
94
33
33
35
41
5
16
102
33
12.)
102
41
26
22
20
10
14
13
29
(I 1
1 in
0| 0
1
0 0
10
169
300
30
50
65
85
75
30
90
149
70
lyS
60
130
175
207
450
125
70
56
500
200
375
500
300
II WO
300
1.57
400
225
129
89
8
90
40
60
95
70
21
45
100
40
277
100
60
90
i87i.]
Statistics. — Illinois.
151
CH. memb'rs.
Adml'd
Removals
HAPT. rn
■c
April 1, 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
'69-70. S
Churches.
Place and N'ame.
f^
Ministers.
Kame.
•
A_
^^^ OQ
1
-
0
■3
0
"a
s
•<
0
0
a
^
i
b
y.
s
<
0
.
rE
z;
0
C
5
S
b
r'
t— <
—
H
cu ;:
w
—
•<.
^
1836
1854
1847
18.54
18.59
1869
1855
1859
]8;iS
1836
1849
. '.33
'46
1862
isai
1851
1858
ls,5.5
1859
1867
Eden,
K gin.
Elk Grove,
Elk Horn Grove,
Elmore,
Elm wood,
J:1 Paso.
Falrview,
Fall Creek, German. 1860
Farmirigtou, 1849
Forest, 1865
Fremont,
Galena, 1860
Galesb'g.l8tofChri8U8.J7
" Ist Cong., 1855
Galva,
Gap Grove,
Garden Prairie,
Geneseo,
Geneva,
Granville, 1, '51, 2
Greenville, 1, '38, 2,
Gridley,
Griggsville,
Hampton,
Harviird,
Henry,
Hillsboro', Central,
Hinsdale,
Homer.
Hoj'leton,
Huntley,
mini,
Jacksonville, 1833
Jefter.son, 1861
Jericho, 1838
Kaneville, 1857
Kaiikakt.e, 1854
Kewaiiee, 1855
Lacon, 1865
Laf.iyette, 1847
EaHarpe, 1,1836,2,1838
Lamoille, 1840
Lanark, 1859
La Salle, 1855
Lawn Ridge, 1345
Lee Centre, 1843
Lincoln, 1859
Lisbon, 1838
Lisle, 1860
Lockport, 1838
Lodi, 1854
Lomljard.lst eburch
of Christ, 1866
Lombiird, 1869
Ludlow, 1868
Lyndon, 18.;6
Lyonsville, 1843
Macomb, 1858
Wakanda, 1S68
Maiden, 18.6
Malta, 18.58
Manteno, 1862
Mnrscilles, ISGO
Marshall, 1841
McLf^ai, 1858
Mendon, 183:
.Mcudota, I8.5,
Maumora.P.1843.C.lS14
'63
'51
'61
'58
'43
•51
'64
'26
'64
'62
'58
None.
C. E. Dickluson,
None.
None.
Benj. F. Haskins.
Wni. G. Pierce, p.
None.
W. H. Hitchcock,
Charles E. Conrad,
l.atlirop Taylor, p.
W. E. Catlin,
None.
None.
Willis J. Beecber,
E. Beecber, D.D., p
Rufus B. Guild, p.
None.
E. G. Bryant,
Harry Brickett,
Henry M.Whitney, p.'69
Henry V. Warren, '59
Moses M. Longley, p. '46
.iohn A. Palmer, '59
Henry G. McArthur, '59
Aimer Harper, '53
George B. Rowley, '44
None.
Jiidson G. Spencer, '68
Flavel Baecom, '63
1860|nenry C. Abernethy,'45
1858 Jobn'Blood, '54
18.52 Daniel Chapman, '42
1858{john Gray, '63
Wm. Henry Savage, '6;
Elihu C. Barnard,
No report.
None.
F. W. Beecber,
Niithaniel D. Graves,
.\sah 1 .\. Stevens,
Elisha Jenney,
D rius Gnre,
Thonias Ligbtbody,
Lucius H. Hii'gins.p
.Norman A. Prentiss,
None.
None.
None.
Edwin N. Lewis,
Samuel F. Sfratt^n,
lieiiry C. Abernethy,
None.
'67
'69
55
64
'69
'65
'68
'67
'68
'68
'66
'69
'69
'69
'68
'67
'65
'70
'69
'56
lis
8
23
114
27
13
105
26
113
116
56
10
7
116
46
70
20
6
70
7
15
26
12
14
23
12
63
20
'60
'45
'48
'31
'44
'46
.'66
'60
'62
'68
'45
[H. T. Rose. Licen.]
Osman W. Fay,
George Schlosser,
S. G. Gilbert,
Frederick W. Bush,
1j. .Jouf 8,
Frederic Wheeler,
Joseph D. Baker,
C. H. Wheeler,
None.
[Oscar G. May, Lie]
Uean .Andrews, p.
Geo. B. Huhb;ird,
Alex. B. C.i"pbell,
Jjiniet Brewer.
J. J. A, T. JJixoD,
'33
'65
'41
176
14
38
192
44
23
176
47
203
201
98
14
15
239
81
92
36
13
133
13
33
40
18
30
21
17
129
41
316
317
154
24
22
355
12'
162
56
19
203
20
48
63
30
44
44
23
192
61
'70
'70
'68
'69
'70
'70
'6
'48! '69
'51 '.55
'59 '7ij
'u6i67
152
71
18
42
47
33
45
77
4?
40
64
18
52
22
224
120
22
62
73
50
69
126
64
66
98
29
71
34
21
11
97
67
61
14
99
23
h%
73
17
107
44
43
58
5311
27 2'
10
13
3
10
, i
32
15
2 14
1
7
200
1 35
I 170
150
5 183
70
250
260
208
40
30
352
140
2v8
60
80
220
lu2
120
45
40
75
160
80
270
SO
1.0
^0
no
1:9
150
108
95
75
70
150
70
90
60
140
?9
120
*,o
140
70
80
70
250
64
SO
152
Statistics. — Illinois.
[Jan.
CH. MEMB'RS.
.Vdrat'd
Removals
BAPT.o!
,
■a
April 1, 1870,
'69-70.
1869-70.
■69-70. a
Churches.
Place and Name.
"3
Ministers.
Name.
.
o
^
-^-— CO
N
'c
c!
to
o
c
"S.
'E
cS
_c5
>3
<
O
r.
b
X
X
J
6
02
.s
X!
1— 1
Q
c
r;
S
<^
—
^ ci;;
li'
<^
cH
Mllhurn,
1S41
Moline,
1S44
Monee.
1861
Moiitfbello,
1849
Morris,
1848
Morrison,
1858
Morton.
JNaperville,
1833
Nebraska,
18.58
Nepoiiset,
18.W
Newark.
1843
New Milford,
18n9
New Kutlaud,
18.5S
Newtown,
18.52
Nora,
18i.3
Normal,
I860
Odell.
186-2
Okalla.
18.=>7
Onarsa,
18.=)8
Oneid;i,
185-,
Ontario,
1848
Osceola,
1 860
Osweifo,
1846
Ottawa,
1870
Owen,
18.57
Paw Paw, Ind'nt, ISii.'i
Paxtoii, 18.59
Payson, 18:!6
Peeatoniea, 1854
Peoria, Main st.Con. 1847
Peru, 1853
Pilot, 1868
Pittsfield, (P.)'37.(C.)'41
Plainflcld, 1, '34, 2 '43
Piano, 18^7
Plymouth, 1836
Poplar Grove, 186-
Port Byron, 1849
Prairie City, 1842
Princeton, 18'.1
Providence, 1849
Quiney, Gtrman, 1858
'• First Union Con. 1839
Kantoul, 1866
Rielimond, 1843
Rioliview, 1867
Riley, 18r>0
Ringwood, 1, '48, 2, '59
Rock wood, 1st, 1837
" 2d,
1849
Rockton,
1838
Roscoe,
1843
Rosetield,
Roseniond,
18.56
Roseville,
1851
h^aiidoval,
1859
Sandwich,
18.53
Reward,
1841
Shcilicld,
18.54
fchirlaiul,
1846
gomh I'ass, Plym. 1868
Bpriiii,'tic-Id, 1867
Si.Cliailes, 1837
Sterling, 1857
Stilhnaii Vnlloy, 1858
Sumner Hill.
1, 1834, 2, 1837,3,1844
Sycamore, 1840
Thomas Lightbody,p.'46
Henry E. Barnes, '62
None.
None.
Wm. A. Smith, '61
Silas P. Millikan, '60
Geo. L. Roberts, '64
[J. W. Cunningham,
Presh.l ■ '43
.John \. Palmer, '59
S. Guild Wrisjhr. p. '40
[R. Burns, Meth.'\
James Vincent, '42
None.
None.
None.
None.
[G. S. Baseom, Lie]
Cyrus L. Watson, '29
M. Everett Dwight, p. '09
Levi Fay Waldo, '44
Bcni. F. Worrell, '57
.-^am'l Guild Wright, '40
None.
J. M. Sturtevant, jr. '60
No mettings.
None.
Israel Brundage, '56
Robert F. Shinn,
[Chester Fitch, Presb.]
-Josiah A. Mack, '60
C. B. Thomas, '62
None.
William W. Rose, '62
Norman A. Millt-rd, '61
Cliarles Hibbard, '69
None.
Levi Wheaton. '49
.\lmer Harper, '63
Lemuel S. Jones, '65
None.
David Todd, '67
Charles E. Conrad, '58
S. R. Dimock, '56 '69
Andrew Doremus, p. '69 '68
K. J. Douirlas, p. '69 '69
Chas. B. Barton, p, '64 '68
Edward Walker, '67 '69
None.
Henry M. Goodwin, '51 '50
None.
Samuel P. Barker, '69
Joseph S. Graves, '43 '66
None. No report.
Charles T. Pering, p. '70 "70
James D. Wyckofl', '59 '69
.Vathaniel P. Coltrin,'.50 '06
Charles .'V. Towle, p. '69 '69
C. C. Adams, '4' '69
lohn A. Allen, '46 '68
Samuel Penfield, '49 '68
Frederic Wheeler, '62 '68
John K. McLean, p. '61 '67
Geo. A. Dickerman, '69 '69
Martin Post, p. '62 '6
James Vincent, "69
Chas. E. Marsh, p. '68
VVm. Windsor, '58
'68
96
68
81
30
63
19
66
19
15
28
114
50
26
38
92
26
31
31
174
58
67
50
107
44
l42
74
17
49
43
^3
25
140
30
154
31
32
19
16
1,55
200
32
27
41
46
13
108
17
38
33
13
80
86
111
51
42
96
106
146
47
97
r25
4
86
30
91
36
25
46
171
71
35
64
148
45
43
57
253
69
108
407
76
161
63
232
101
23
91
65
107
40
208
49
230
59
43
80
24
293
56
40
72
80
26
186
29
51
57
24
124
131
174
79
60
131
245' 60
32
17
10
1
27
2
16
111 3
o' 3
11 13
2 17
16 26
71 0
171 0
21,10
0 0
0 4
1 6
230
125
225
125
75
103
130
120
60
175
104
60
75
200
75
Un
125
420
135
K'O
100
400
160
175
80
40
97
75
100
42
164
75
350
90
50
45
75
233
235
65
70
163
65
50
230
70
60
100
*00
200
140
160
116
100
110
i87i.]
Statistics. — Illinois.
153
•
CH. MEMB'RS.
Adnifd
Removals
BAPT. M
Churches.
Place and Name
-6
Ministers.
Kame.
.
April 1, 1870.
^ A
'69-70.
1869
-70.
'69
c
u
3
o
"cs
0)
<
O
c
X
J5
Zi
>
X
rt
^
V,
X
X
X
«
<
r^
c
_o
2
^
H
<
—
'—
z.
5_
W,
r^
<"^
0
>— 1
Tonlca,
1857
James W. West,
'57
'6.-)
59
87
146
20
6
17
23
1
4
0
5
4
Toulon,
18iG
Pvobert L. McCord,
'61
'67
53
81
134
13
4
6
10
2
11
13
4
3
230
Treraorit,
Geo. L. Roberts,
'64
21
35
56
3
2
2
2
100
Turner,
1870
Alex. R. Thain,
'70
'70
19
35
54
11
5
1
6
1
2
1
4
7
Twin Grove,
1859
C. 0. Breed,
'57
Udiua,
1848
C. N. Bingham, Lie.
]
13
20
33
2
4
4
1
1
100
Union,
1864
3. G. Bryant,
'62
15
25
40
1
6
7
-lO
Upper Alton,
1868
None.
4
8
12
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*00
Utica,
1870
Jnmes T. Hanning,
'65
•70
5
5
10
50
Vermilion,
None.
Victoria,
1849
Benj. F. Haskins,
'51
'62
16
22
38
9
1
1
40
Vienna,
None.
Viola,
1858
.\. R Mitchell,
'55
"69
19
31
50
2
8
5
13
3
60
Wabash County,
1864
P. W. Wallace,
'65
13
21
34
0
7
0
7
0
1
0
1
0
0
25
Wataga,
18-35
.Azariali Hyde,
'46
'69
32
66
98
18
3
3
1
3
4
4
200
AVaukegan,
1843
Moses M. CoHuirn,
'51
'66
14
50
64
14
14
9
23
1
6
2
9
7
0
80
Wauponsie,
186-1
Sylvester R. Dole,
'64
12
15
27
o
0
2
2
1
1
0
2
0
1
80
■Waverle3',
1836
H MartynTupper,p
'.i9
'59
57
62
119
20
3
1
4
2
14
0
16
2
1
137
Wayne,
1841
Henry F. Jacobs,
'70
'70
10
2u
30
6
')
2
2
2
70
West Point,
None.
Wethersiield,
1839
Albert Etheridge,
'57
'69
40
61
101
9
32
1
33
22
22
4
5
90
W beaten,
1860
William 11. Brewstei
,'.38
'68
98
121
219
y
42
19
61
3
20
0
2.3
24
3
294
Winnebago,
1846
Henry M. Diiniels,p
'61
'61
47
67
114
20
3
2
5
0
6
0
6
0
5
220
Woodburn,l,'38,2
,1842
Knocli NoyesBartlet
,'41
'69
3(J
50
80
6
2
0
2
2
9
1
12
0
8
130
Woodstock,
1865
.\lfred P. Johnson,
'67
'70
20
27
47
12
1
2
3
0
3
0
3
0
1
62
Wyanet,
1866
Kphraim H. Baker,
'64
'67
14
24
38
4
6
1
7
3
3
0
6
1
1
125
Wythe,
None.
15
16
31
6i
2
•>
60
Other Ministers.
J A. Allen, Sheffield.
Wm. F. Baker, Prof.. Urbana.
Elihu C.Barnard, Griggsville.
Elihu Barber, Teacher, Lake
Forest.
Samuel C. Bavtlett. D.D.. Pro-
fessor Theol. Seminary,
Chicago.
John R. Barnes, Collinsville.
Jag. C. Bcekman, Napervide.
Geo. K. Beecher. Galesburg.
Jon:itlian Blanchard, Pres.
Wheaton College, Wheutoii.
Wm. S. Blancliard, Chicago.
H. L. Bi lit wood. Teacher,
Princeton.
Hope Brown, Agent Female
Seminary, Rockford.
Henry Buss, Creston.
William Carter, PiUsfield.
John W. Cass, in business.
Sandwich.
Andrew W. Chapman, Minoo-
ka.
Wm. B. Christopher, Galena.
Bethuel C. Church, Normal.
Nathaniel C. Clark, Elgin.
Henry W. Cobb, Agent Am.
Miss. Association, Chicago.
Bylv. S. Cone, Waynesville.
Joseph T.Cook, Atkinson.
Christopher Corneliusson,
Chicago.
Edmund F. Dickinson, City
Missionary, Chicjgo.
Samuel Dilley, Bowen.
Reuben Evarts, Amboy.
Lucien Farnham, Newark.
Charles P. Fulch, Lacon.
Eli C. Fisk, farmer, Havana.
Franklin W. Fisk, n.D., Prof.
Theol. Seminary, Chicago.
Horatio Foote, Quincy.
Franci.'* L. Fuller, Chicago.
Charles Granger, Paxton.
Joseph Gros, Ottawa.
John P. Gulliver, d.d., Pres.
Knox College, Galesburg.
Henry L. Hammond, Treas.
Theol. Sem., Cbicaijo.
I. A. Hart, agent, Wheaton.
James H. Harwood. Chicago.
Joseph Haven, D.D., Prof.
Theol. Sem., Chicago.
Elias W. Hewiit, Pecatonica.
William Holmes, South Pass.
Elbridge G. Howe, Waukeg'n.
Simon J. Humphrey, Dis. Sec.
A. B.C. F. M., Chicago.
Thaddeus B. Hurlbut, Upper
Alton.
Gideon S. Johnson, in busi-
ness. Hale.
Sylvanus H. Kellogg, Wayne.
Joseph R Kennedy, dentist,
Virginia.
George P. Kimball, Wheaton.
Cephas A. Leach, Payson.
Lyman Lcllingwell, Ontario.
William A. Lloyd. Chicago.
John Morrill, Rockford.
James H. Newton, farmer,
Marion.
Wash'lon A.Nichols. Chicago.
Samuel f)rdway, Kewanee.
Lucius H. Parker, Galesburg.
Henry G. Pendleton, Henry.
J. G. Sabin, Rockton.
Alvah C. Page, Elgin.
George C. Partridge, Batavia.
William W. Patton. D.D., Ed-
itor Advance, Chicago.
Reuel M. Pearson, Poio.
And'w L. Pi-nnoyer, Ruseville.
S. Wallace Phelps, Ambny.
Henry D. Piatt, Agent, H. M.
Sue, Brighton.
JohnL. Kichards, Big Rock.
R. C. Rowley, Blandisville.
Jos. E. Roy, D.D., Agent Am.
Home Miss'y Soc, Chicago.
J. C. IJyebult.Bloomington.
George F. Savage, Sec. Cong.
Pub. Society .^Chicago.
Calvin Selden, Insurance Agt.,
Aurora.
Jacob R. Shipherd, banker,
Chicago.
Isaac B. ."^mith, Turner.
Alpha Warren, Roscoe.
Eli G. Smith, Agent Bible
Soc, Morrison.
Stephen S. Smith, Chicago.
Julian M. Sturtevant, D.D.,
Pres. Illinois Coll., Jackson-
ville.
Samuel R. Thrall.
John C. Webster, Prof , Whea-
ton.
Charles H. Wheeler, ia busi-
ness, Chicairo.
F. Wheeler. Chicago.
Lnman Wilcox, Earl.
Alfonso D. Wyckoff, Che-
banse.
Licentiates.
Eight mentioned
above.
in tables
»54
Statistics. — Michigan.
[Jan.
SUMMARY. — Cur'RcnEs: 39 with pastors; 128 with acting pastors; 77 vacant (including
14 supplied by licentiates, or (nen of other denominations). Total, 214.
MiNisTr.K.s : 39 pastors: 108 acting pastors ; 84 others. Total, 231. Licentiates-, 8.
CiiuRcri Members: 6,940 mules; 11,587 females; 153 not specified. Total, 18,680, — includ-
ini; 1,976 absent. Gain, 175.
Additions in 1S69-70: 1,14:5 by profession; 1,238 by letter. Total, 2,381.
Removals in 1S69-70: 191 bj' death; 975 by dismissal; 34 by excommunication. Total,
1,200.
Baptisms in 1869-70: 473 adult; 381 infant.
In Sabbath Schools: 26,153. Giiin, 1,124.
Charitable Contributions (206 churches reporting): A. B. C. F. M., $7,460.35;
American Missionary Asirociation, $11,160.82; American Home Missionary Society,
$7,0.56 47; American Congregational Union, $1,979.75; Western Tmct Agency, $1,073.92;
American and Foreign Christian Union, $372.83; "Western Ed. Society, $775.60; other
objects, $-33 817.59. Total, $63,697. :53. Church Expenses (174 churches) : $370,234.46.
Total Moneys Rai.sed: $433,931.79, an increase over amount reported last year, of
$85. 368. .59. Charities lannot be compared with last year, because ditferently grouped.
Our Totals do not agree with those in the Minutes.
CnAXGES. — Churches: New, or replaced on the list, — Bowen; Crescent; Desplaines;
tl-ist Lisbon ; Fair View; Utica. Dropped from the list, — Blutt"; Chatsworth; Chili;
Hamilton ; Milo; New Berlin. Dement now appears as Creston.
Mi.visteks: No report. From the Quiirterlij lists we get the following: Ordinations;
6 pasiors, 3 without installation. Installations, 2. Dismissals, 6. Deceased, 3 without
charge.
GRG.VNIZ.VTION. — Two hundrpd and thirty-five of the churches are united in twelve
Associations, and aiso in the Gknf.ral Association. Three churches are connected
witii the General Association of Indiana, viz., Albion, Marshall, and Wabash County.
MICHIGAN.
Churches.
Place a!;d Na:xie.
Ministers.
Name,
ch
mkmb'rs.
Adni
I'd
Removals
D.
VPl
O'
April], 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
'69-70
6
13
<
o
a
X
<
30
. =
.1 ^
i
5
CO
1
U
a
fc.
<5
—
— i
.— '
n
^ a
•Tl
->
h- (
• o
CQ
A
<
GQ
Zi
l-l
Ada. 1849
Adams, 1847
Adrian, 1854
Adiiau Town, 1807
Alamo, 1867
Al-jonac, 1841
Alleg.m, 1858
Almira, 1867
Almont. 18.i8
Alpena,' 1862
Alpine .and Walker,1869
Ann .Vrhor, 1847
Armada, 183S
Atherton, 1836
Augusta, 1819
Augusta, 1854
Banks, 1867
Barry &. Johnstown, 1865
Battle Creek, 1856
Bedford, 184S
Benton Elarbor, 1866
Benzonia, 1860
Berlin,
Boston, 1818
Brady, 1S65
Brid'itoharapton, 1862
Biidgt-port, 186S
Bronson, 1868
Bruce. 1853
Canandaigua, 1859
Ca'inon, 18 17
C'-d.ir Springs, 18;)7
Ceresco, 136J
Edwin Booth, a.p.
J. L Crane, a.p.
E. P. Powell, a.p.
None.
None.
None.
E. .\ndru8, a.p.
[A. H. Dean, Licen.]
ll. R. Williams, a p.
Rufus Aptliorp, a.p.
J. Emmons, a. p.
H. L. Hubbell, a.p.
Robt. G. Bairl, a.p.
J. V . Hickmott, a.p.
None.
W. H. Osborn, a. p.
None.
M. (l. McFarland. a.p
[\V. C. Dickin.son, l':tb.]
M. Q. McFarland, a.p.
None.
Johu Pettitt, a.p.
G. C. Strong, a.p.
.T. M. .\shley, a.p.
Daniel Beniey, a.p.
.Jos. P. Vrom.in, a.p.
J. 11. Bonney,jun., a.p.
None.
•J. R. S ivago, a.p.
D. L. Katon, a.p.
None.
James Vernoy, p.
'70
11
28
o9
9
'67
34
66
100
1
'61
86
209
295
25
7
12
19
1
5
7
12
0
'65
37
61
98
4
'68
5
6
11
1
'64
50
104 154
18
'67
26
49
75
5
'70
9
17
28
0
'62
31
57
88
8
'69
10
7
17
2
'68
24
34
58
5
6
8
14
0
'61
4
9
13
2
'70
95
160
255
0
'69
41
69
110
18
'69
50
60
110
8
5
6
11
0
'67
12
16
28
3
■7i)
7
13
20
4
'62
5
7
12
2i
27
42
69
12
'63
2
11
13
1
'70
11
28
39
4
'67
2^}
41
70
2
'67
4
14
18
1
0 0 0 0
1| 4 0 5
3 14' Ills
o! 8 0! 8
0 4 0 4
0 0
0 0
21 0
3 0 3
0 0 0
0 8 0 8
0 Oi 0 0
O' Oi 0| 0
3 14 0 1
O! 5 1 6
0; 5 0 5
0' 0 0
'o
0
1
0
0
o; 5 0
"I ^i ''
o: 11 0
100
160
600
58
30
0
36
125
230
60
150
5li
60
47
45
345
100
83
0
50
60
36
80
75
0
40
1871.]
Statistics. — Michigan.
153
CH. MEMB'RS.
AdmtM
Removals
BAFT. 2
Churches.
Place and Name.
ti
Ministers. n=
Name. "2
April 1, 1870.
'69-'70.
1869-70.
A.
69'-70.3
0
"c
3
H
£
C5
£
0
<
s
a:
5J
<
c
E
S
<
tc
X
m
S5
0
0
^
3
fe
<
■H
H Bl
a_
a_
■^
<
»— 1
Oliarlotte,
1851
B, F. Bradford, p.
•67
41
97
138
26
20
13 33]
0
9
0| 9
8'10
223
CllflslM,
1849
W. Culler, a.p.
'70
35
63
98
0
0
0
0
2
3
0 5
0 0
80
Chesterflc'ld,
1847 Samuel D. Breed, a.p.
'69
15
29
44
9
0
0
0
1
2
0 3
0 0
42
Clinton,
18-]3 W. P. Wastelle, p.e.
'70
68
138
206
21
2
3
f'
8
11
0 14
1 0
225
Clio,
1868 E. W. (iorden, a.p.
'67
13
19
32
4
3
7
10
1
1
0
2
2
2
75
Colnnibus,
1851
8. 0. Bryant, a.p.
'68
17
34
51
10
4
3
7
1
0
0
1
1
0
108
Cool Spiing,
1863
None.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Coo;)c-i-,
1843
None.
26
46
72
11
1
0
1
3
8
0 11]
0
0
0
Cooper.sviUe,
1866 C. Doolittle, a p.
'69
14
15
29
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
70
Delia,
1852 N. D. Glidden, a.p.
'70
6
6
12
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
Detroit, 1st,
1844 Addison Ballard, p.
'66
103
182
285
26
11
25 36
5
11
0
16
1
1
260
' 2d,
18-56 S. 51. Freeland, p.
'66
63
134
197
18
12
13 25
3
8
0
11
3
6
250
DeWitt,
1851
None.
1
6
6
0
0
0| 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dexter,
18.36
.\. S. Kedzie, a. p.
'66
28
57
85
5
1
16117
1
2
0
3
0
1
60
Dow,
1857
C. N. Coulters, a. p.
'69
21
25
46
9
4
2| 6
0
0
0
0
4
0
75
Dowagiac,
1860
[H.H. Morgan, Presb.]
'69
26
61
87
6
15
17
32
2
8
0
10
8
1
232
Jlundee,
1837
h;. Dyer, a. p.
'69
6
20
26
4
3
3
6
0
6
1
7
3
0
78
E. Gil. ad & Bethel,
0. Kidder, a. p.
'67
14
15
29
Kastnianville,
1869
C. Doolitile, a. p.
'69
15
13
28
3
0
0
r\
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Kaston,
1850
None.
12
16
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
Kast Saginaw,
1857
.1. G. W. Cowlos, p.
'65
72
180
202
20
17
22
39
3
15
0
18
7
9
250
Katon Kapids,
1843
R. Hovenden, a.p.
'70
29
42
71
4
0
7
7
1
4
0
5
0
0
100
Klk Rapids,
1863
None.
10
19
29
8
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
30
Essex,
1865
E. T. Branch, a.p.
'68
9
7
16
4
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
40
Farmer's Creek,
1848
None.
3
6
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
Flat Rock,
1858
Charles Machin, a.p.
'64
27
50
77
8
5
3
8
1
2
0
3
0
3
:00
Flint,
1867
F. P. Woodbury, a.p.
'67
41
83
126
0
15
5
20
0
0
0
0
6
13
240
Frankfort,
1868
A. H Fletcher, a.p.
'68
19
22
41
3
4
7
11
1
1
0
2
2
0
73
Fiankliii,
1848
None.
23
50
73
1
7
3
10
1
5
0
6
7
2
1'24
Fiedonia,
1803
J. Verney, a.p.
'67
15
26
41
0
5
0
5
1
6
0
t
2
0
75
Fulton,
18H6
E. T. Branch, a.p.
'68
5
10
15
0
4
6
10
0
0
0
0
1
0
Gaines,
1863
None.
2
5
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Galetburg,
1852
W. F. Day, a p.
'69
66
102
168
15
33
21
54
1
11
0
12
28
0
240
Gent-see,
1849
H. Lucas, a.p.
'6'J
8
19
27
2
1
0
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
65
Glen Arbor,
1867
Daniel Miller, p.
'68
12
13
25
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
30
Goodricli,
1855
A. SandcrHon, p. a.
'67
19
28
47
7
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
90
Grand Blanc,
1853
J. V. Hickmott, a.p.
'69
26
44
70
4
3
3
6
0
7
0
7
2
0
67
Grand Haven,
1857
None.
7
14
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Grand Ledge,
1854
N. D. Glidden, a.p.
'70
3
7
10
2
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
141
Grand Rapids,
1836
J. M. Smith, a.p.
'63
159
304
463
0
8
22
30
3
7
0
10
2
9
410
Grand vi lie,
183^
C Spooner, a.p.
'68
12
30
42
8
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
(Jrass Lake,
1835
Thomas Towler, a.p.
'69
37
68
105
4
0
4
4
2
9
0
11
0
0
160
Greenville,
1852
.J. 8. I'atton, a. p.
'66
56
82
138
5
3
6
8
4
4
0
8
3
4
250
Dan cook.
P. H. Hollister, a.p.
Hart,
1868
A. 8t. Clair, a.p.
'70
8
15
23
2
0
3
3
1
0
1
2
0
0
80
Darlland,
1844
None.
3
9
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
u
0
0
IlDnioslcad,
1864
E. E. Kirkland, a.p.
'64
13
18
31
5
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
0
50
Ho|/kins,
1851
L. E. Sykes, a.p.
'68
2'.-i
33
62
5
0
0
0
1
2
8
11
0
0
97
Dubbardston,
1869
Wm. Jones, a.p.
'70
16
25
41
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
75
Hudson,
1836
0. Place, a.p.
'70
32
92
124
6
0
10
10
2
4
0
6
0
1
207
louia,
1SG8
None.
16
46
62
6
4
2
6
0
6
01 6
4
0
80
Ithica,
1866
E. W.Shaw, a.p.
'69
9
12
21
0
3
4
7
0
2
0| 2
3
0
50
Jackson, let,
1841
J. W. Hough, p.
'68
119
248
367
3
3S
35
73
3
39
3;45
22
14
360
" 2d,
1S67
Lewis M. Hunt, p.
'69
25
33
58
10
24
11
35
0
0
0
0
10
2
135
.Tohn^'town,
1865
[J. L. Moile, Liceu.]
'71 1
9
20
29
3
0
7
7
0
4
0
4
0
0
40
Kaliuaazoo, 1st,
18:i6
0. S. Dean, a.p.
'67
134
184
318
62
23
14
37
7
58
0
65
14
2
280
Flymouth,1869
D. N. Bordwell, a.p.
'69
23
36
59
4
6
15
21
0
1
0
1
3
0
175
Kalamo,
1867
J. F. Boughton, a.p.
'69
12
26
38
2
7
12
19
0
5
0
5
5
0
70
Keelcr,
1850
None.
9
30
39
13
0
0
0
1
3
0
4
0
0
0
Laing.-burg,
1864
Wm. Mulder,
'66
10
18
28
0
e
0
6
0
5
0
5
0
0
],am.)nt,
1849
C. Doolittle, a.p.
'67
33
55
88
8
•I
2
4
0
2
0
2
2| 0
100
Lan>^ing,
1864
[S. 0. Allen, Licen.]
'69
34
51
85
8
e
6
12
1
4
0| 5
1
1
108
I, i%vre'!ce,
1837
E. Cleveland, a.p.
•67
2IJ
2s
48
2
2
0
2
1
1
0
2
1
1
128
Leiaiid,
1865
(leo. Thompson, a.p.
'65
15
14
29
1
1
*J
3
0
0
1
1
1
0
30
Lt my.
1837
None.
26
41
67
11
7
2
9
2
3
0
5
0
0
60
Ler-lie
1865
J. W. Allen, a.p.
'69
17
31
48
5
K
2
12
0
4
0
4
61 0
96
Lexir.gtoTi,
IS'^6
Nr.ne.
7
1-1
22
0
C
0
0
0
0
0! 0
0: 0
40
Lima,
I80U
None.
11
20
.31
2
(.
0
0
)
2
oj 3
Oi 0
0
Litchfield,
1839
D. D. Frost, a.p.
'65
41
69
110
16
1
4
5
1
1
0
; 2
1
i 2
120
156
Statistics. — Michimn.
[Jan.
Churches.
Place and Name.
Ministers.
Xame.
•^
0)
•c
o
o
F
r-
o
O
O
CH. MEMB'RS. AclmtM Rcmovals BAPT.ai
April 1. 1870.
'69-'T0.
1869-70.
n
<
Lodi,
London,
Lowell,
Manistee,
Maple Ilapids,
Marsliall,
Mattawan,
Matteson,
Memphis,
Michigan Centre,
Middleville,
Morenci,
Mt. Morris,
Muskegon,
Napoleon,
Newaygo,
New Baltimore,
New Havon,
New Hudson,
North port,
Oakwood,
Old Wing Mission,
Olivet,
Onondaga,
Orion,
Osceola,
Otsego,
Owosso,
Paris,
Penfield,
PentwaUT,
Pinckiiey,
Plaiiiwcil,
I'leasanlon,
Pontiao,
Port Huron,
Portlaid,
Port Sanilac,
KaisiuviUe,
llansom,
Ray,
Kochester,
Kockford,
llouieo,
Koyal Oak,
Salem,
Sandstone,
Saugatiick,
Shelby,
Sherw'd & Leonid.
Smyrna,
Somerset,
Somerset, 2d,
South Haveu,
St. Clair,
St. Johns,
St. Jo.*eph,
Summit,
Three Oaks,
Traverse ( )ity,
Union City,
Utica,
Vermontville,
Vernon,
Victor,
Vienna,
Wacousta,
Watervliet,
Waylaud,
18541 W.E. Caldwell, a.p.
183SjE. Dyer, a.p.
1836 r,. 8. Grig:5S, a.p.
186-2 John B. Fiske, a.p.
1868 E. T. Branch,
18o9 None.
1837 Thos. Jones, a.p.
1862 J. R. Bonney, a.p.
18W \Vm. P. Russell, a.p.
1889 .1. B. Parraelee, a.p.
1846 E. N. Raymond, a.p.
1S5S None.
1865 H. Lucas,
I8J9 r.. Reed, jr. a.p.
1855 J. B. I'armelee, a.p.
185-1 M. S. .Vngel, a.p.
1856 H.H Van .\uken,a.p.
1858 Saml. D. Breed, a.p.
18-59 None.
1863 None.
1848 None.
1849 Oeo. N. Smith, a.p.
1845 EI. Elmer, a.p.
18.56 None.
1853 None.
None.
1837 .\. B. Allen, a p.
18.53 Chas. H. Bissell,
1861) None.
18 19 M.Q. McFarland, a.p.
186!) None.
1848 J. W.Fitzmaurice, a.p
1866 None.
1866 J. D. Millard, a.p.
1831 C. C. Mclntire, a.p.
1S40 .James 8. Iloyt, p.
1.S43 L. I". Spellman, a.p.
1854 D. Berney, a.p.
1849 None.
1848 None.
1838 R. O. B.iird, a.p.
1827 Johns. Kidder, a.p.
1847 None.
182.) Horatio O. Ladd, p.
1842 Charles Spetligue, a.p.
1844 [C.Dunlap.l'resb.]
186.1 J. B. I'armelee, a.p.
1860 J. F. Taylor, a.p.
1864 v. .St. Ciair, a.p.
l'"66 J. T. Ilusled, a.p.
1808 None.
1358 G. Williams, a.p.
1867 ■]. L. Crane, a.p.
1856 .J. Anderson, a.p.
18 U None.
18)0 G. M.ruthill,
1854 J. B. Fairbank, a.p.
1851 None.
1840 P. B. Parroy, a.p.
1863 Reiben Hatch, a.p.
1S37 E. G.Chaddock.a.p.
1855 \Vm. Pl.m, a p.
18 W O. H Spoor, a.p.
1851 W. M. Campbell,
1845 Win. Mulder,
1845 II. r.ucns,
1862 .'^. D. Glidden,
18-52 None. •
1S6U J. Armstrong, a.p.
'66
21
3^
59
5
1
3
4
1
3
'69
7
2:
29
2
0
1
1
0
•7
'70
31
6)
95
5
18
9
27
1
8
'67
14
2i
42
4
2
3
5
0
3
'68
16
21
37
3
0
0
0
1
3
13
o-j
35
0
12
•23; 35
0
0
•69
27
42
69
6
20
10 30
2
5
'62
13
3-:
46
1
0
1
1
2
0
'48
18
62
70
11
2
0
2
2
2
'69
12
24
36
1
4
2
6
0
2
'6.1
15
40
55
3
5
5
10
1
2
6
17
23
2
0
0
0
0
2
'68
8
10
18
2
0
0
0
0
0
'67
30
57
87
10
2
3
5
0
5
'69
14
16
30
4
6
2
8
1
2
■6S
5
2ii
25
6
2
2
4
0
0
'67
12
21
33
2
0
3
3
1
2
'69
8
20
28
7
1
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
12
19
4
0
0
0
0
0
17
36
53
8
2
0
2
1
0
'49
29
26
55
10
0
0
0
2
0
'70
136
164
300
21
46
3
49
2
22
4
2
6
0
0
0
0
2
"l
6
10
16
0
0
2
2
0
0
'68
26
50
76
1
0
9
9
0
0
'69
56
99
155
17
16
10
26
2
12
3
7
10
2
0
0
0
0
2
■69
7
12
19
0
7
2
9
0
0
6
9
15
0
3
2
5
0
2
'69
8
'7'>
30
0
2
7
9
0
0
'69
9
9
18
1
1
0
1
1
0
'lis
57
142
199
20
16
9
25
0
14
'58
80
165
•245
25
59
4
63
6
7
■67
12
45
57
8
2
6
8
0
5
'61
18
25
43
6
0
0
0
0
0
4
8
12
1
0
0
0
1
0
31
44
75
5
7
3
10
1
5
•69
7
8
15
4
0
0
0
1
1
'69
16
52
6S
O
3
3
6
0
2
7
19
26
0
3
4
t
0
1
'70
61
105
166
4
4
3
7
2
1
'70
18
38
56
2
1
0
1
0
5
'68
'6;.
26
34
60
2
34
12
46
0
2
'08
IS
32
50
8
4
11
15
0
9
'70
11
16
27
0
6
7
13
0
1
'70
4
11
15
9
0
0
0
0
0
11
21
32
0
4
5
9
0
0
'69
30
43
73
o
13
6
19
0
2
'69
7
18
25
3
0
0
0
1
2
'69
19
40
59
9
2
10
12
1
3
35
85
120
0
31
0
31
0
1
'67
32
55
87
9
1
9
10
1
0
'66
31
45
76
16
1
5
6
0
4
'69
22
43
65
9
1
0
1
1
6
'65
21
41
62
3
0
4
4
0
0
'66
13
22
35
1
3
9
12
0
o
'70
79
1.31
210
25
4
4
8
0
0
'54
9
43
52
8
0
4
4
1
0
'61
56
81
137
7
0
9
9
0
0
'70
13
21
34
6
3
0
3
2
0
'66
22
32
54
0
0
0
0
1
0
•69
6
21
27
2
1
0
1
1
'2
'70
21
11
32
0
17
1 18
0
0
'68
14
36
50
8
2
2
4l
0
0
10
40
154
90
70
116
200
100
148
60
40
70
175
40
50
210
87
0
30
56
35
230
50
120
155
30
37
50
65
35
200
275
80
87
50
53
50
70
00
154
150
60
1'25
25
00
1^20
50
00
•225
150
120
1.50
loO
100
5
400
1.58
110
65
50
1871.]
Statistics.
Micliigan.
157
Churches. %
Place and Name. ?i
O
Ministers. ri
Nanio. -p
o
c
S
CH. MEMB'RS.
April 1, 1870.
Admt'd
'69-70.
Removals
1869-70.
BAPT.w
'69-70. 1
_3J
a
«
S
<
'1.
o
^
<
X
6
'1.
m
Z
t— 1
Wayne, 1848
Webstor, 1860
WestElmwood, 1869
WlieatlaiKl, 1843
Whitehall, 1868
Windsor, 1846
0. C. Thompson, a.p.
Geo. Jackson, a.p.
[A.II.Dnan, Licen.]
\i. .M. Lewis, p.
[Wm. Giddings, Licen.]
None.
'70
'70
'69
'60
'68
10
26
5
24
6
7
27
48
6
42
7
9
.37
74
11
66
13
16
7
21
0
10
3
0
0
0
4
2
3
0
0
0
1
1
1
u
0
0
u
o
4
u
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
o
2
4
0
75
40
25
173
7.5
200
Other Ministers.
T. C. Abbott, Pres. Ag. Coll.,
Lansing.
Amos B. Adams, farmer, Ben-
zonia.
Henry A. Austin, farmer,
Pleasanton.
Charles E. Bailey, Sec. G. T.
Coll., Benzonia.
Jas. Ballard, Agent Am. Miss.
Association, Grand Rapids.
Isaac Barker, retired, Kock-
ford.
Alonzo Barnard, mechanic.
Three lUvers.
Alvin II. Brown, in business,
Jackson.
Abram L. Bloodgood, Monroe.
Charles Culler, Wayne.
W. P. Esler, rafrch;int, Olivet.
Joseph Estabrook, teacher,
East Saainuw.
Nathaniel K. Evarts, in busi-
ness, Codyville.
Darius N. Goodrich, Prof.,
Benzonia.
James Gregg.
John Holway, Grand Rapids.
Oramel ITosford, Sup. Pub.
Inst., Olivet.
Robert Hovcnden, Chelsea.
Henry L. Hubbell, Ann Ar-
bor.
Deodate Jeffers, farmer, Kal-
amazoo.'
William S. Lewis, farmer,
Pleasanton.
Asa Mahan, D.D.jPres. Coll.,
Adrian.
Stephen Mason, retired, Mar-
shall.
James A. McKay, insurance,
Detroit.
Nathan J. Morrison, D.D.,
Pres. Coll., Olivet.
David S. Morse, retired, Kal-
amazoo.
Henry C. Morse, farmer.
Union City.
James Nail, merchant, Detroit
Rufus Nutting, retired, Lodi.
Orson Parker, Evangelist,
Flint.
Roswell Parker, farmer,
Adams.
John D. Pierce, retired, Tpsi-
lauti.
Daniel J. Poor, Romeo.
Alinon B. Pratt, farmer. Bend,
K.V-
Herbert A. Read, postmaster,
Marshall.
William F. Rose.
Aaion Rowe, farmer, Coloma.
Samuel Sessions, farmer, St.
Johns.
John R. Stevenson, Eaton
Rapids.
Charles Temple, teacher, Ot-
sego.
Leroy Warren, Agent A. H.
M. Soc, Elk liapids.
WatersWarren, retired. Three
Oaks.
.James S. White, Marshall.
Woleott B. Williams, Agent
Am. Home Miss'y Soc,
Charlotte.
Otis B. Waters, Prof., Benzo-
nia.
Wm. Woleott, retired, Hud-
son,
Licentiates.
Four in tables above.
SUMMARY. — Churches: 12 with pastors ; 113 with acting pastors; 52 vacant (including 9
supplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 177.
Ministers: llpasioi-s; 101 acting pastors; 46 others. Total, 158. Licentiates, 4.
Church Members: 4,143 males; 7,427 females. Total, 11,570, — including 958 absent.—
G.-iin, 688.
Additions i.v 1869-70 : 840 by profession ; 682 by letter. Total, 1,522.
Removals in 1869-70 : 124 by death; 548 by dismissal; 43 by excommunication. Total,
715.
Baptisms in 1869-70 : 441 adults; 198 infant.
In Sabbath Schools: 15,999. Loss, 212.
Benevolent Contributions (119 churches, 129 last year): $16 713.01, — a decrease of
$8,892.83. Parish Expenses (137 churches, 143 last year): $208,007.64, — a decrease of
$10,166.30.
CHANGES. — Churches: iVezt', or.roplaced on the list, — Berlin; Ceresco; East Bethel and
Gilead; Plymouth ch , Kalamazoo; Marshall; West Elmwood. DroppadXxom. the list, —
Benona; Crotoii ; .Maple Grjve; Negaunee. Ooeola is now Osceola.
Ministers : Ordiuatious, 1 without installation. Installations, 3. Dismissals, 1. Deceased,
1 acting pastor.
ORG ANTZ.VTION. — Nine Associations or Conferences of Churches. The churches (ex-
cept three) are also united in a General Association, which incUules also Michigan
City, Indiana. East Bethel is connected with the General Associutiou of luiiiaua.
i;8
Statistics. — Wisconsin.
[J
an.
WISCONSIN
DH. MEMB'rS.I
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT. -n
'6
Aug. 1,1870.
'69-'70.
1869-1870.
'09-'70.3
CnURCHES.
Ministers.
•6
o
1 — '^ — ,
/ ^ \
. ■*
Place and Name.
a
to
Name.
c
c
t.
E
"3
a
"a
E
<
O
p
u
01
1>
<
X
E
E
o
c
<
X
X
■71
C
C
O
s
fe
H
ij5
^
J_
H-
C_
—
SC
r^
.ff
h—
Albany,
1853
W. D. Webb,
'48
'70
8
15
23
5
0
0
0
1
1
1
1(»
Allen's Grove,
1845
E. M. Case,
•20
56
76
10
0
5
5
5
0
5
0
0
00
Alto,
1857
I. M. Williams,
4
9
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Appleton,
1851
H. C. Dickinson, p.
'69
•68
82
1.53
235
18
11
7
18
1
19
0
20
2
6
350
Arena,
18t>3
A. A. Overton,
'57
'66
11
19
30
1
0
6
6
1
0
0
1
0
4
175
Ashippun,
1857
Wm. Walker,
'58
'67
5
6
11
Augusta,
1867
L. Bridgman,
'40
'70
7
17
24
4
4
1
1
40
Aurora,
1857
D. A. Campbell,
'52
'61
10
17
27
4
0
2
2
0
]
0
1
0
0
eo
Avoca,
1858
Jas. Jameson,
'41
'70
6
8
14
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Bangror, Welsh,
1855
None.
18
22
40
30
Euraboo,
1847
None.
8
6
14
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
Beetowii,
1847
N. Mayne,
'55
'60
13
27
40
5
6
0
6
0
2
0
2
4
2
155
Beloit. Ist,
1838
Geo. Bushnell, p.
'48
'65
150
•iOS
358
90
4
12
16
2
12
0
14
1
0
iaO
" 2cl,'
1859
H. P. Higley, p.
'65
'66
37
75
11^
16
4
7
11
2
8
0
10
3
3
193
Big Springs and
Biiggsville,
1866
W. C. Hicks,
'70
7
8
15
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
70
Bird's Creek,
1868
Adam I'inkerton,
'69
'68
4
8
12
0
2
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
10
22
Black Earth,
1856
M. M. Martin,
'64
'70
7
25
32
9
1
0
1
0
7
0
7
0
0
60
Bloomer,
180y
a. A. Wentz,
'59
'70
9
14
23
2
2
30
Bloomington,
1847
A. A. Young, p.
'63
'66
39
62
91
20
3
2
5
2
5
0
7
1
0
75
Blue Mounds,Welshl847
None.
Boscobel,
1S57
Wm. Stoddart,
'57
'67
38
54
92
7
7
2
9
1
7
0
8
4
0
1.50
Brandon,
IS 57
K. M. Webster,
'67
'67
30
50
80
3
27
5
33
1
5
0
6
8
2
100
Bristol and Paris,
1851
Thos. Gillespie,
'70
18
38
56
12
3
0
3
0
4
0
4
0
0
140
Brodhead,
1857
W. D. Webb,
'48
•68
13
42
55
2
2
1
3
0
4
0
4
0
1
120
Brooklyn,
1869
Robert tiewell.
'54
'68
4
9
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Burlington, Ply-
mouth,
1?58
Isaac N. Cundall,
'54
'69
28
61
89
22
1
2
3
0
9
0
9
0
0
175
Burns,
1858
James Hall,
'48
'67
15
19
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Caledonia,
1844
James Jones,
'69
'70
3
9
12
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
Centre,
1847
Edward Morris,
'41
'69
26
44
70
16
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
Cliuton,
1858
D. M. Breckenridge
'69
'69
37
72
109
16
24
0
29
0
13
0
13
7
0
170
Coluinbus,
1850
J. G. Schaeffer,
'55
'70
20
56
76
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
'2
0
0
100
Cooksville,
1867
J. W. Harris,
'62
'68
7
13
20
0
0
4
4
0
2
0
2
0
0
75
Dariihglon,
1856
D. L. Leonard,
'63
'66
75
50
1-25
18
5
4
9
0
5
0
5
3
0
125
Hartford,
1849
M. W. Fairtield,
18
22
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
DelaJield, Tab., W. 1844
None.
9
18
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
22
l>elavan.
1841
Joseph Collie, p.
'55
'54
79
144
2-'3
23
4
6
10
0
n
0
11
o
10
220
Depere,
1866
Geo. tfpaulding,
'58
'69
15
21
36
5
2
8
10
1
1
90
o
1
0
H;0
])e sjoto.
1856
J. A. Mitchell,
'56
'70
7
11
18
V
4
0
4
0
3
0
3
1
0
33
iJodgeville, Welsh
, 1845
None.
njodgeviUe,
1847
None.
Easton,
18(59
J. McChesney,
'69
•69
4
10
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
i>,ast Troy,
1839
Chas. Morgan,
'43
'50
31
53
84
12
0
2
2
1
2
0
3
0
0
85
Eau Claire,
1856
J. F. Dudley.
'69
55
91
146
10
1
8
9
3
6
2
i:
1
2
200
Elk Grove,
1846
A. W. Curtis,
'68
'70
34
45
79
7
4
2
6
0
7
0
7
1
3
95
Elkhorn,
1843
A. L. P. Loomis,
'65
'(i8
31
66
97
6
0
4
4
2
0
2
0
0
130
Emerald Grove,
1846
C. S. Shattuck,
'49
'63
52
79
131
19
0
2
2
3
8
1
12
0
0
90
Evansville,
1851
J.W.Harris,
'62
'68
25
43
68
12
7
4
11
1
3
0
4
5
0
85
Fish Creek, Welsh
,1859
None.
11
13
24
0
1
2
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
32
Fond du Lac,
1856
Arthur Little, p.
'63
'68
86
194
280
46
0
11
11
1
20
0
21
0
6
31 '0
Fort Atkinson,
1841
A. A. Joss,
'69
30
160
190
25
2
6
8
2
7
0
9
2
0
215
Fort Howard,
1855
U. C. Curtiss,
'40
'63
12
20
32
6
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
85
P'ox Lake,
1^53
None.
25
47
72
9
0
2
2
0
6
0
6
0
0
101
Friendship,
1807
J. McChesney,
'69
•69
3
11
14
0
8
4
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Fulton,
1851
Hanford Fowle,
'66
'65
23
31
54
0
4
2
6
2
4
4
10
2
1
50
Genesee,
1842
H. W. Chaniplin,
'70
35
26
61
5
26
1
27
0
1
0
1
9
3
75
Genoa,
1846
P. J. Douglas, p.
'69
'69
10
22
32
5
0
0
0
1
3
1
5
0
0
100
Grand Rapids,
186U
E. G. Carpenter,
'68
'70
6
26
32
6
6
4
10
0
1
0
1
2
0
120
Green I^ake,
1857
None.
4
9
13
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
UO
Hartford,
1847
None.
35
45
80
26
0
1
1
1
2
0
3
0
0
12;i
Hartland,
1841
Smith Norton,
'70
19
35
54
9
1
0
1
1
6
0
7
1
0
70
Hortonville,
1857
O. P. Clinton,
'35
'65
12
24
36
3
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
e-j
Hustisford,
1857
None.
1
3
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ironton,
1867
H. H. Hinman,
'60
'69
2
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
60
Ixonia, Welsh
1852
None.
7
13
20
0
1
2
3
1
3
0
4
0
0
25
JuuesviUe,
1845
Lyman "Whiting, p.
'43
'69
114
242
366
0
13
29
42
3
7
0
10
6
15
450
I87I.]
Statistics. — IVisconsin.
159
CH. MEMBR'S
AflmtM
Removalfi
BAPT.2
Churches.
Place and Name.
•tt
Ministers.
Name.
5
Aug. 1, 1870.
1869-70.
1S69-70.
'69.'70.^
'c
i
2
o
0)
hi
w
a
s
o
-<
E-
O
'T.
1
n
S'.
O
C
o
S
fc
r-
<;
p .
_;
r^
0
fd
<1-
Jdhnstown,
Kenosha,
Koshkonong,
La Crosse,
Lafayette,
Lake Mills,
Lanraster,
Leeds,
Leon,
Liberty,
Lima,
Ijone Rock,
Madison,
Magnolia,
Maikesan,
Mauston,
Mazomanic,
Meuasha,
Menomonee,
Middleton, no report.
Mill Creek, 1861
Milton, 1838
Milwaukee, Plym'h,lS41
" Snrinsj yt., 1847
" I'ab. We]sh,lS57
" Hanover St.,186U
" Olivet, 1863
Mondovi, 186u
Monroe, 18o4
Mt. Sterling, 186::!
Mukwonago, 1857
Necedah, no report
]84.5!N. G. Goodhue,
18.3SJH. Hitchcock, p.
1866 '""
18.52
1855
1847
T. G. Colton,
N. C. Chapin,
None.
Chas. Caverno, p.
1843!S. \V. Katon,
186218. B. Demarest,
1860
1840
1867
1868
1861
1855
1847
1858
1867
1851
1861
New Chester,
Kew London,
Oak Creek,
Oakfield,
Oak Grove,
Oak Hill,
Oconomowoc,
Osborn,
Oshkosh,
Palmyra,
Peshtigo,
Pewaukee,
Pine River,
Platteville,
Plymouth,
Prairie du Chien,
Prescott,
Princeton,
Quincy,
Kacine,
Raymond,
Keedsburgh,
Reed's Corners,
I;idgeway, Wtlsh,
Rio and Lowville,
Ripon,
River Falls,
Rochester,
Ruckville,
Rosendale,
Royallon,
Bcxtotiville,
Sharon,
blieliuygan Falls,
Bheboygan, ___
Shoiiiere,
fchulloburg,
James Hall,
R. Robinson Snow,
r. G. Colton,
None.
C.H. Richards,
No report.
J. H. Cameron,
None.
M. M. Martin.
G. W. Sargent,
J. C. Sherwiu, p.
D. M. Jones.
None.
T. L. l)udley, p.
Wm. DeL. Love, p.
Jno. Cadwaladi-r. p.
Wilder Smith, p.
John Allison,
A. Kidder,
H. A. Miner,
P. Valentine,
S. W. Champlin,
'43'
'60
'40
'51
'68
'48
'60
'48
'45
'49
'66
'64
'64
'oil
'40
1858 J. W. Perkins,
1857 J. P. Chamberlain,
1863 None.
1848 L. P. Norcross,
1847 Milton Wells,
1860 H. H. Hinman,
1841 E. J. Montague, p
1860 None.
1840 None.
1847 E. Southworth,
1868 H.T. Fuller,
1840 Smith Norton,
1856 D. A.Campbell,
1839 J. E. Pond, p.
1848 J. N. Powell,
1856 W. H. Marble,
1852 A. I>. Roe,
18.52 W. M. Richards,
1858 J. McChesney,
1851 Norman McLeod,
1840 James Jones,
1857 H.H. Hinman,
1865 W. E. Merriman,
ISSi) Evan Owen,
1864 [T. L. Brown,
1850 L. Curtis,
1855 Wm. Gill, p.
1840 James Jones,
1853 None.
1848 None.
1863 M.L.Eastman,
1867 Simon Spyker,
1868 No report,
1847 N one.
1852 O. C. McCulloch,
1844 E. R. Beach,
1848 li. J. Williams,
'47
'48
'63
'62
'47
'40
'59
'64
'33
'66
'70
'44
,6(1
'46
'67
'70
'52
'59
'46
'35
'69
'60
'50
Licen.]
'46
'63
'09
'67
'69
'70
'61
'61
'70
'70
'70
68
'69
69
70
'6'
63
'68
'69
•66
10
77
27
34
9
38
31
S
16
11
8
4
73
12
11
10
41
13
3
25
107
109
15
37
87
16
26
5
4
12
30
5
14
22
9
40
8
61
2U
14
8
8
65
24
8
16
5
3
32
12
16
15
21
12
97
36
15
21
147
26
31
224
53
93 127
15l 24
86
78
14
20
21
11
6
152
19
10
16
75
26
6
3'
229
194
30
112
174
19
55
9
5
21
58
7
24
42
8
93
7
201
35
25
23
27
120
42
19
37
20
5
86
22
37
124
109
22
36
32
19
10
225
31
21
26
116
39
'49
'54
'G9
'49
20
19
189
67
20
4
49
37
9
32
39
63
30
6i
336
303
45
149
261
35
81
14
9
33
88
12
38
64
17
133
15
262
55
39
31
35
185
66
27
53
25
8
118
34
63
40
46
31
286
103
35
6
92
56
19
0 0
0 0
0
3
2
1
33
3
36
14
1
0
6
10
11
7
0
2
18
3
5
0
19
7
0
45
62
102
53
3
1
3
4
24
3
6
2
10
0
0
0
3
1
3
4
9
3
0
2
9
3
1
1
3
18
0 3
0 14
0 15
0 33
1 4
022
0 22
1
3 0
21 0
0
3 0
1118
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oj 0
7
2
45
130
50
150
140
200
35
62
50
25
55
350
60
100
210
90
25
200
240
45
200
250
150
175
35
75
11
li 0
21 0
121 3
Ol 0
o! 0
21 1
li
i
130
50
50
180
40
125
50
75
200
65
30
200
110
50
45
50
50
104
21 0
0 0
4 0 2
7 3 2
0 Oi 2
0
50
90
90
2'JO
125
75
40
135
60
8J
75
175
80
80
i6o
Statistics. — Wisconsin.
[Jan.
Churches.
Place and Name.
Ministers.
Name.
CH. memb'rs. Admt'cl Removals bapt
Aug. 1, 1870.
%,•
'69-70.
<
1839-70.
^ s
Sparta, 1855
Spring Green, Welsli
Spring (jreen,
Spring I'rairie,
Sprin^vale,
Sterling,
Stoclibriclge,
Stousliton,
Sun Prairie,
Tom ah,
Trempeleau,
Union Grove,
Viroqua,
Waterford,
Waterloo,
Wattrtown,
Waukee-ha,
Waiipun,
M'automa,
AV^yiwatosa,
Westfiekl,
West lioyalton,
West Saletn,
Wheatland and Stcr-
J. M. Carmichael, '67i'67
J. P. Pones, '47 '09
1859 Warren Cochran, '46 '70
1852 Xone.
1852 R. M. Webster, '67 '67
18.59 J. M. Mitchell, '56 '70
1860 John Keep, '35 '70
1851 None.
1846 C. T. Melvin,p. '59 '66
1859 W. H. Cross, '70 '71
1857 G. M. Laiidon, '68 '68
1844 James Watts, '58 '69
1855 [J. G. Taylor, Llcen.] '70
1831 None.
1845 A . O. Wright, p. '67 '67
1845 W. H. Ryder, '69 '69
1858 Chas . W. Camp, "48 ^68
1847[J. M.Williams, '52 '60
1853 J. W. Donaldson, '58 '69
1842 Luther Clapp, p. '45
1852 No report.
18t37 M. L. Eastman, '49
1860 Anson Clark, p. '49
ling L'nn,
Wliilewater,
Willow Creek,
Wilmot,
Windsor,
Wyoceiia,
W.\ oming.
1864 J. M. Mitchell, '56
1840 T. G.Colton, '49
1869 Simon Spyker, '54
1851 R. R. Snow, '45 '
1858 S. B Demarest, '69'
1853 [T. L.Brown, Licen.]
1846! Warren Cochran, '46 ^
'45
40
'68
6
'67
26
'70
5
'66
64
'69
8
'68
5
'70
24
'70
14
'70
25
86
33
28
10
34
14
20
24
53
45
68
58
28
8
26
87
81
82
33
67
12
46
7
178
12
15
34
18
31
121
64
43
16
49
29
33
33
92
72
100
106
45
15
46
115
125
120
44
107
18
12
242
20
20
58
32
56
2
2
0
1
1
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
5
7
1
4
10
0
1
3
0
14
26
0
2
16
0
2
3
0
1
7
1
6
14
0
6
7
2
13
19
2
0
9
0
0
2
0
5
8
1
0
0
0
2
2
3
1
2
0
2
6
0
0
5
0
0
1
ij
0
2
0
297
80
50
120
40
100
85
75
65
200
75
100
175
100
200
100
150
40
90
55
200
35
60
60
60
60
Other Ministers.
C. C. Adams, Greenwood.
John W. Allen, Ripon.
Benjamin S. Baxter, Ilale.
Homer H. Benson, Ag't Amer.
Miss'y Ass'ii, Belnit.
S. S. Bickncll, retired, Milton.
Jas. J. Blaisdell, Piof., Beloit.
't'homas Borland.
Ezra K. Bushee, Dartford.
Aaron L. Chapiu, Pres. Beloit
Coll.
D xter Clary, Agent Amer.
Home Miss'y Soc, Beloit.
D. W. Comstock.
Samuel 1). Darling, farmer,
OakfirM.
Henry J)avis.
Hiram Decker, Beloit.
Uiram H. Dixon, farmer,
Ripon.
Franklin B. Doe, Agent Am.
H. M. Soc, Fond du Lac.
Hiram Eddy, Milwaukee.
Joseph Emerson, Prof., Beloit.
Robert T. Evans.
Robert Everdell, Murone.
Hiram Foote, Agent Amer. B.
S. Union, Waukesha.
E. B. French, State Temp.
agent, Milwaukee.
Benjamin E. Uale, Beloit.
Richard Hassell, farmer,
Windsor.
J. M. Hayes, West Salem.
Philip J. Hof, Boseobel.
J. -Jones, druggist, Mazomanie.
James Kilbourne, City Mis-
sionary, Racine.
Beriah King, Milwaukee.
Francis Lawson, Beloit.
Theron Loomis, fanner, Me-
nomonie.
Caleb W. Matthews, book
agent. Sun Prairie.
S. E. Miner, lumber merchant,
Monroe.
Melzar Montague, Prin. Acad.,
Allen's Grove.
D.avid S. Morgan, Montello.
Richard Morris, farmer, Al-
len's Grove.
Fra'iklin B. Norton, Oshkosh.
William Porter, Prof.. Beloit.
lliMiry Pullen, Janesville.
L. L. Radclirt'e, La Crosse.
Ebenezer W. Rice, Sup't of
Missions for Am. S.S.Union,
Milwaukee.
J. P. Roe, farmer, Oshkosh.
L. Rollers, Linn.
Eilward P. Salmon, Beloit.
J. D. Stevens, Allen's Grove.
Ira Tracy, Bloomington.
Jeremiah W. Walcott, farmer,
Ripon.
J. K. Warner, Florida.
James 11 Waterman, farmer,
Pewaukee.
Licentiates.
Two above reported.
SUMMARY. — CnuRcnEs: 21 with pastors; 110 with acting pastors; 33 vacant (including
3 snpplied by licentiates). TOTAI,, 164.
Mi.MSTKUs: 21 pastor.-; 98 acting pastors; 49 others. Tot At,, 108. Licentiates, 2.
Chlhch MEMBtRs: 3,942 males; 7,387 females* Total, 11,329, — including l,5o7 absent.
Gain, 459.
Additions in 1869-70 : 625 by profession ; 400 by l.tter. Total, 1,091.
Removal.s in ISOj-70: 93 by deatli ; 530 by Uisniissal; 19 by cxcummunication. Total,
648.
Bai'TISms in 1865-70: 240 adult; 201 infant.
In Saubath Schools: 15,310. Loss, 538.
iS/i.]
Statistics. — Minnesota.
i6i
Benevolent Contributions (127 churches, 126 last year) : $18,998.82, a decrease of $60.05,
Number UNDER PASTORAL CHAKGE (133 churches, 135 last year): 31,914, — a gain of 1,1'_S.
CHANGES. — Churches : New, — Easton ; Oak Hill ; "West Royalton. Dropped from the
list,— Ball's Mills; Lewis Valley; Osseo; Otter Creek; Kichford. West Eau Claire now
appears as Eau Claire. . , i t,
Ministers: Ordinations, 8 without installation. Installations, 4. Dismissals, 1. ue-
ceased, 1 without charge.
ORGANIZATION'. — The churches are united (with ten Preshyterian churches) in eight
District Conventions, and through them, in the Presbyterian and Congregational
Convention of Wisconsin. Two "Wisconsin churches belong to the Miunesota General
Conference, viz. : Prescott and River Falls.
The following Presbyterian Churches are connected with the "Wisconsin Convention,
on a "Plan of Union." They are reported by no Presbyterian body, and we therefore
give them a place here. Of course we do not include them in our summaries.
ch. members.
Admit'd
Removals
baft. 2
Churches.
Place and Name
'C
Ministers. r~
a
Name. *£
^
o
Aug. 1, 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
'09-70. o
'S
S
a
s
6
"3
"3
S
<
53
O
<
o
A e ^
S c .-^
■5
X
i
o
O
o
:a
6^
H
<
-M
hJ
~-{
C
S'S r-
f— 1
I— t
Alto Holland,
1858
C. "W. Vandeven, a. p.
Beaver l)am.
]8«
J. J. Miter, d.d., p. '38
'56
66
146
212
31
22
1
23
0
5
0
b
9
8
150
Fairplay,
1842
None.
4
10
14
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4b
Geneva,
18:59
Edw. G. Miner, a.p. '52
'67
51
115
166
20
4
9
13
0
6
0
6
0
166
Green Bay,
1836
Wm. Crawford, p. '61
'69
39
77
116
23
4
11
15
3
7
0
10
0
11
220
Greenwood,
No report.
New Lisbon,
186.3
E. W. Cuok, a. p. '40
'70
21
31
56
12
12
4
16
0
8
0
8
'(
0
100
Pleasant Hill,
IS.iS
.Adam Pinkerton, a.p. '69
'68
23
43
66
0
2
2
4
0
5
4
y
1
b
60
Potosi,
1840
N. Mayne, a.p. 'of)
'63
8
26
34
0
8
1
9
0
1
0
1
4
V
Ibo
Racine,
183'J
W. S. Alexander, p. '61
'06
100
240
340
45
5
19
24
1
6
V
iu
230
Total, 10 churches.
312
688
1000
131
57
47
m
4
40
4
48
20
42
1142
Somers church is dropped, having joined a Presbytery,
MINNESOTA
Sept. 10, 1870.
'69-70. 1 1869-70. | 1869^70.
Afton, 1858
E H. Alden,
'64
'70
6
16
22
12
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
50
Alexandria, 1867
Reuben Everts,
'58
'69
6
14
20
1
4
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
Anoka, 1855
A. K. Packard, p.
'51
'60
33
54
87
15
20
9
29
0
2
0
2
3
0
Austin, 1857
E. M. Williams,
'69
'69
23
44
67
0
10
7
17
1
4
0
5
3
6
120
Bear Valley, 1868
None.
Beaver, 1868
H. "Willard.
'58
'67
3
10
13
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
Belle Prairie, 1870
W. A. Cutler,
'70
2
2
4
0
4
4
1
Bristol, Welsh, 1867
None.
^
Butternut,V., "Welsh, '57
Philip Peregrine,
'61
'68
6
17
23
1
2
1
3
0
4
0
4
0
4
Un
Cannon Falls, 1856
E. W. Merrill, p.
'64
'67
12
19
31
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
75
Chain Lake Centre, 1864
O. P. Champlin.
Claremont, 1860
C. Shedd,
'42
'60
9
n
20
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Clearwater, 1859
J. G. D. Stearns,
'43
'68
20
46
66
16
1
3
4
1
5
1
7
0
3
60
Cottage Grove, 1858
E. J. Hart,
'56
'67
28
39
67
7
'>
4
6
1
0
0
1
1
5
53
Douglass, 1870
S. "W. Merrill,
'64
'69
4
4
8
0
2
6
8
0
0
0
0
1
1
Ua
Eliiin, 1858
G. T. Holcombe,
'70
14
1,6
30
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
Excelsior and Chan-
hassan, 1853
C. B. Sheldon,
'51
'55
37
54
91
9
1
11
12
11
0
1
12
0
0
100
Faribault, 1st, 1855
E. Gale,
'56
'66
57
78
135
37
20
8
28
2
9
0
11
4
1
200
" Plymouth, 1866
J. "W. Strong,
'62
'66
60
93
1.53
18
29
19
48
1
8
0
9
14
5
216
Fairmount, 1868
O.B. Champlin,
•70
4
7
11
2
1
1
2
0
3
2
b
1
0
Un
Glencoe, 1857
S. H. Kellogg,
'57
'69
7
12
19
0
1
•2
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
50
[Glenwood, 1870
A. C. Lathrop,
'43
'67
2
8
10
0
10
10
Granville. 1869
E. W. Merrill,
'64
'67
6
12
18
0
5
4
9
0
0
0
0
0
3
L'n
Grove L.ike, 1867
A. C. Lathrop,
'43
'69
5
5
10
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
Un
Guilford, 1860
None.
3
5
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
Hamilton, 1860
R. S. Armstrong,
'56
'69
27
27
54
2
8
1
9
0
0
0
0
3
0
120
Hebron, 1864
P. Peregrine,
'61
'68
12
15
27
0
2
0
2
0
4
4
8
0
i
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. I.
II
1 62
Statistics. — Minnesota.
[Jan.
Chdrches.
Place and Nnme.
c
bo
Ml.VISTEHS.
ITame.
CH. memb'rs.
Sept. 10, 1870.
IIi.i;!* Forest, ISO:'
I 'hitehinsoii, 187u
J,d.-on, 186^
Luke City, 1838
Laseland, 1868
La;ising, 1867
Lc-iiora, 1857
■NI^Tikato. 1S70
Mantorville, 1858
Kal-iiie, 185s
Wazeppa, 1860
Jledfui-a, 18.56
JJorton, ISOv
Minneapolis, Plym., 1857
•' Vine St., 1867
Monticello, 1856
[Mower City, 1870
Kevada, 1868
Xoithtield, 1856
Orono, 1861
Owatonna, 1857
Painsviile, 186.J
Plainview, 1867
Praiiieville.East, 1860
Princeton, 1856
Quincy, 1S63
Kachester, 1!<68
Kuslifiird, I860
Paratoga, 1850
B lUlc Centre, 1867
Saiili liapids, 1855
Hmithfi.-ia, 1808
Bomerset, ISOn
Bprifig Valley, 1856
St. Anthony, 1851
M. Cliarlee, 1859
St. Cloud, 1864
St. Paul, 1858
Sterling, 1857
Vernon Centre, 1864
Wabashaw, 1857
Waseca, 1868
Wasioja, 18 j8
Winnebago City, 1859
Winona, 18.54
Woodland Mills, 186
Zumbrota, 185
None.
8. H. Kellogg, '57
P. Ferei^riiie, '61 '69
W. B. Dada, '56i'67
E. H.Alden, '64 '70
None.
None.
C. II. Merrill. '
N. W. Grover, '68l'6*
W. M. Weld,
E. P. Dada, '64i'68
E Brown, p. '5i '6'J
L. C. Gilbert, |
Henry A. Wtimson,p. '60
Prescott Fay. '50 '69
(). M. Smith, '09
G. B. Nutting, '09
A. Morse, '09
M. A. Munson, '70
None.
C. C Ciagin, p. '70 '69
None.
H. Willard, '68 '6.3
L. C. Gilbert, '40 '66
0. A. Hampton, '70
None.
A. Fuller, p. '62 '66
Wm. W. Snetl, "59 '6.=
G. H. Miles, '60 '66
A.J. Pike, '59 '68
Sherman Hall, '31 '54
H. Willard, '58 '67
None.
Pahuer l.ittB, '65 '69
•James Tompkins, 70
G. H. Miles, '60 '66
Henry Mills,
L. J. 'White, '66
[— . Pratt, Presb]
None.
None,
r. .■^. Wads worth, '70
C. Shedd, '70
J. D. Todd, '69
H. M. Tenney, '70
J.D.Todd, '69
S. II. Barteati, p. '70
8 15
24
16
61 21
18 24
11 14
121 172
24
27
3
4
124
1
68
8
36
14
12
15
79
21
18
20
14
20
4
4
92
1
40
8
20
21
4
8
37
8
22
9
6
6
12
24
22
22
13
3.)
16
5
27
19
6
15
57
91 13
361 .56
m
40
33
18
64
19
6
35
20
12
26
116
2.3^
4
12
102
22
28
15
37
18
27
42
25
298
38
47
216
2
lliH
16
56
35
16
23
116
29
40
20
13
15
19
54
62
5>
31
loo
35
11
62
3d
17
41
173
22
92
Admt'd
1869-70.
Removals
1869-70.
Ijl
►^l-
0 0
13 ■■
2
0
130
27
6t>
34
75
60
7.5
Un
96
350
112
40
100
00
117
00
100
50
165
100
30
60
50
Uu
00
8iJ
98
40
90
60
\]\\
140
94
98
3i H •
60
170
Othxr Ministers.
D.ivid Andrews, Winona.
Jeremiah li. Barnes, Winona.
JuHtin E. Burbank.
G.iOnel Campbell, Prof. State
University, St. Anthony.
Charles Gaipin, Excelsior.
Richard Hall, Agent Am.
Horn ' Miss. Soc, St. Paul.
N. A. Hunt, Vernon Centre.
N. H. Pierce, connected with
College, Northfield.
Charles Seccombe, Northfield.
James \V. Stroag, Pres. Coll.,
Northdeld.
John C. Strong, Chain Lake
Centre.
Royal Twitcbell, Kingston.
Licentiates.
None reported.
SUMMARY. — Cfiorches: 7 -with pastors; 49 with acting pastors: 14 vacant (including 1
snpplie 1 by licentiates or ministers of other deiiomi.iations). TOTAL. 70.
MiM-iTERs: 7 pastors; 37 acting pastors; 14 others. Total, 58. Licentiates, none
reported.
CuuKCii Members: 1,239 males; 2,000 females. Total, 3,289, — including 405 absent.
Gain, 261.
ADninoNs in 1869-70: 301 by profession; 240 by letter. Total, 541.
Removals in 1869-70: 37 by death; 154 by dis-nissal; 16 by excommunication. Total,
2U7.
Bapiisms IN 1869-70: 115 adult; 84 infant.
In Sabb.\.th Schools: 4,175, — " uniju schools" not reported. Gain, 109.
i87i.]
Statistics. — Iowa.
163
Benevolent CoNTRiBDTiONS (46 churches, 36 last year): $4,287.07, an increase of $1,228.80,
This does not include moneys raised for Northfield College.
CHANGES. — Chdrches: New, — Douglass; Mankato. The four oreanized since close of
statistical year will properly appear in next year's report. Dropped from the list, —
none.
Ministers. — Ordinations, 1. Installations, 2. Dismissals, 2. Deceased, none reported.
ORGAXIZ.-VTION". — The churches are united in a General Congregational Confer-
ence, which includes also two Wisconsin churches, viz., Prescott and liiver Fails.
IOWA.
CnCRCHES.
Place and Name.
•6
N
5
Si
u
0
Ministers.
Name.
13
c
'5
u
0
E
c
0
0
CH. MEMB'RS.
May 1, 1870.
Adrat'd
'69-70.
Removals
1869-70.
BAPT.O)
cs
'69-70. u
0
6
>3
<
0
c
.0
<
0)
0
t-H
0
c
3
0
><
III
T3 |»-
■<
DQ
S5
Agency City, 1865
Alhia, 1869
A Men and Buckeye,186ij
Algona, 1858
Almoral, 1857
Ames, 1865
Amity, 1865
Anamosa, 1848
Anita, 1870
Atlantic, 1869
Belle Plain, 1866
Bellevue, 1847
Belmond, 1867
Bentonsport, 1843
Bethel, 1864
Big Rock, 1856
Blackhawk, 1862
Blairstown, 1864
Boonsboro, 1863
Bowen's Prairie, 1853
Bradford, 1855
Brighton, 1842
Buckingham, 1856
Buffalo Grove, 1857
Buffalo, 1870
Burlington, 1838
" Olivet, 1870
Burr Oak, 1859
Calmar, 1S6S
Cass, 1856
Cedar Falls, 1860
Central City, 1858
Chapin, 1858
Charles City, 1858
Chenter, 1865
Cincinnati, 1867
Civil Bend, 1861
Clay, 1842
Clinton, 1866
Colesburg, 1846
Columbus City, 1846
Concord, 1855
Corning, 1870
Cottonville & La-
mottc, 1841
Council Bluffs, 1853
Crawfordsville, 184i
Cresco, 1868
Danville, 1839
Davenport, 9er., 1857
" 1861
Decorah, 1854
None.
Milton Rowley,
\V. J. Smith,
Chauncey Taylor, p.
Charles Gibbs,
Ariel A. Baker,
David R. Baker,
None.
None.
Edwin 8. Hill,
Daniel Lane,
Edward P. "Whiting,
J. D. Sands,
Asa Farwell,
None.
George Smith,
Thomas Merrill,
None.
None.
H. 8. Thompson,
.\lpheus Graves,
T. H. Holmes,
Bennet Roberts,
Loren W Brintnall,
Loren W. BrintuaU,
William Salter, p.
D. E. Jones,
George Bent,
Charles Hancock,
Wm. H. Barrows,
None.
William Spell,
William P. Avery,
H. B. Woodworth, p,
Samuel J. Buck,
I). B. Eells,
W. C. Foster.
T. H. Holmes,
John W. White,
Luther P. Mathews,
None.
Francis Hawkes,
Simon Barrows,
'48 1 '70
'44 >68
'35 '56
'58, '65
'54 '69
'43 '69
'67
'44 '67
28 '62
'00
'55
'43
'58 '70
'56 '60
'61
'68
'57 '06
'46 1 '.58
'62 '69
'63 '69
'61 '69
'06 '65
'58; '67
'53 '62
'54
Deep Cr'k & Watrd,lS67
None.
Hiram P. Roberts,
La Roy S. Hand,
T. W. "Windsor,
Elijah P. Smith,
John F. Graf,
J. A. Hamilton,
E. Adams,
[Oliver Emerson,
'63
'68
'49
'69
7 'J
68
00 '68
'64 '64
'67
'43 '.57
'41 1 '67
6
5
17
20
2
41
23
27
9
14
24
3
8
28
3
12
17
3
25
24
23
1
60
8
8
56
7
9
4
32
14
26
6
34
31
24
41
39
12
15
5
5
2
27
20
19
28
15
15
52
53
6
104
46
91
19
25
66
18
23
73
7
37
46
20
66
60
62
46
67 107
13! 21
8 16
124 180
52 86
42 i 73
29 53
52 93 14
84
51
34' 53
3'
15 26| 41
55 115 170
40 1 80 121,
91 13: 22
9 20
4 7
15 15
2 12 U
2| 9 11
2ll7|l9
17 17
6 16
1
16
8 14
1 4
1
1
2| 2
1013
1 3'
618
2 2
6 15
5 21
1 3
1
12 22
13 19
1
7 9
316
3
2220 1713
8| 6 3 9
15
2
1
10
5
2: 6
95
70
20
41
70
54
75
90
130
60
40
78
50
35
75
67
72
100
4&
200
40
40
60
40
40
15
95
75
67
90
117
50
75
100
30
60
70
60
129
165
I
1 64
Statistics. — Iowa.
[Jan.
CH. MEMB'RS.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT.m
•6
Mayl, 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
'69-70. o
Churches.
rs
Ministers.
•
o
A
^
^
72
3
6
a
%
,
>i
01}
p
J
Place and Name
Name.
'5
u
c
S
o
OJ
"3
E
<
m
.3
?
4*
<
s
5
5
<
E-
O
'5
1
<
02
O
o
lo
%
fe
H
<
aH
tj
H_
Q_
»^
S
^
_<
1— 1
S5
1— i
Denmark,
1838
E. Y. Swift, p.
'44
'68
87
135
222
6
1
7
10
10
2
180
Des Moines,
1857
None.
57
109
166
16
6
13
19
2
17
1<)
4
6
100
De Witt,
18421 John Van Antwerp,
'47
'57
34
66
100
4
7
5
12
1
1
3
1
60
Dubuque,
1839 J. 8. Bingb:tm.D.D.,p.'4G
'70
8o
132
218
29
19
8
27
1
17
18
6
6
194
Ger.,
1867iHerman Ficke, p.
'70
'68
12
11
23
1
11
11
1
1
2
75
Dunlap,
1859 Charles N. Lyman,
'62
'68
14
23
37
1
6
1
7
1
1
3
1
42
Durango,
1848 Francis Fawkes,
'67
'56
9
14
23
2
Durant,
1856 E. E. Webber,
'66
'68
31
50
81
10
18
6
24
o
3
5
7
6
125
DyersvlUe,
1859|Henry L. Chase,
'64
'67
14
31
45
18
Earlville,
1859 Charles Gibbs,
'58
'65
9
13
22
4
4
70
Eddyville,
1845 None.
26
57
83
28
1
1
2
14
5
19
1
102
Eldora,
1868 Charles F. Boynton,
'61
'68
12
25
37
3
8
8
16
1
1
1
7
55
Elgin, Ger.,
1868 G. Schuerle.
'66
'69
10
10
20
2
o
2
3
30
Elk River,
1854 Oliver Emerson,
'41
'61
9
20
23
1
1
2
12
12
Exira,
1869!Chauncy D. Wright
,'68
'68
8
13
21
3
4
4
1
1
40
Fairfax,
1863,D. Jerome Jones,
'62
'67
30
33
63
6
3
4
7
3
75
Fairfield,
1839
Thomas Morrill,
'44
'67
44
129
123
16
0
3
12
2
3
2
7
2
10
103
Farmersburg,
1853
M. M. Wakeman,
'47
'67
9
11
20
i
3
4
1
1
1
1
60
Farmington,
1840
John Cross,
'37
'70
5
14
19
1
1
1
2
2
2
6
25
Fayette,
1855
None.
10
19
29
3
3
2
75
Flint, Welsh,
1851
Griffith,
'70
21
25
46
Floyd,
1859
None.
Fontanelle,
1859
J. W. Pcet,
8
12
20
0
*>
2
4
4
50
Foreston.
1864
None.
Fort Atkinson,
1858
Joseph Hurlburt,
'24
'57
8
12
20
4
40
Ft. Atkinson, Ger.
1867
Henry Hess,
'64
'66
14
16
30
9
9
6
30
Fort Dodge, re-org
. 1869
David Wirt,
'49
'69
14
12
26
4
22
26
26
26
3
3
70
Franklin,
1858
F. W. Crang,
'34
'68
20
20
40
4
5
3
8
1
2
1
4
1
4
40
Garden Prairie,
1870
None.
13
15
28
Garnavillo,
1844
Benj. A. Dean,
'66
'69
7
20
27
3
4
2
6
1
1
9
99
Genoa Bluffs,
1856
H. L. Clark,
'69
15
17
32
3
15
2
17
7
40
Georgetown,
1863
Milton Rowley,
'48
'70
7
11
18
2
2
45
Glasgow,
1853
None.
9
11
20
2
2
30
Glenwood,
1856
J. K. Nutting.
'58
'69
26
49
75
5
2
10
12
3
2
5
'2
4
80
Golden Prairie,
1869
E. R. Stiles,
'64
'70
6
10
16
2
4
6
1
45
Grand River,
1868
J. W. Peet,
'40
'67
10
12
22
1
4
5
1
3
20
Grand View, Ger.
1857
F. W. Judisch,
'60
'60
32
40
72
6
12
2
14
1
3
4
1
10
60
Green Mountain,
1867
Robert Stuart,
'48
'61
48
55
103
9
2
2
2
4
6
110
Grinnell,
1855
None.
202
270
472
18
36
54
1
13
14
7
3
225
Hamburg,
1868
Merrit F. Piatt,
'69
1
2
3
Hampton,
1857
William P. Avery,
'46
'58
20
16
36
5
6
5
3
1
60
Hickory Grove,
1867
W. H. Burnard,
'54
'69
20
33
63
6
3
9
1
70
Hillsboro',
1853
J. 8. Barris,
'70
27
Independence,
1867
Henry Mills,
'54
'68
19
34
53
8
8
16
3
70
Inland,
1856
George Smith,
'68
'67
9
13
22
3
1
1
1
1
25
Iowa City,
1856
Rufus M. Sawyer,
'51
'69
40
75
115
13
1
6
7
1
9
10
Iowa Falls,
1856
John L. Atkinson,
'68
'69
27
49
76
8
8
19
27
2
5
3
10
4
Irving,
1859
Daniel Lane.
'4:',
'66
7
11
18
1
1
7
8
20
Jamestown,
1858
Charles 8. Marvin,
'57
'68
19
26
45
1
4
3
7
1
1
1
3
60
Jasper City,
1868
Addison Lyman,
'47
'68
15
22
37
4
3
2
6
7
7
1
80
Jefferson,
1851
George W. Palmer,
lu
Keokuk,
1854
None.
64
95
159
39
14
4
18
1
6
7
3
140
Keosauqua,
1844
-Tacob P. Richards,
'61
'68
15
35
60
6
1
7
2
2
4
1
6
120
Lansing,
1853
Orlando Clarke,
'65
'67
10
20
30
6
3
3
1
1
1
1
55
" Ridge, Ger.,
1865
H. Sallenbacb,
'67
'67
22
22
44
8
8
1
1
6
50
LeClaire,
1849
None.
Lewis,
1855
B. F. Haviland,
'59
'69
12
26
38
12
12
3
3
75
Little Sioux,
1869
None.
4
4
8
Lima,
1857
8. D. Helms,
'48
'67
10
17
27
1
2
2
4
40
Lincoln,
J. W. Peet,
'67
4
6
9
2
30
Locust Lane, Ger.
C. F. VeitZ,
'52
'69
Long Creek, Welsh
, 1845
Owen Owens,
'42
'68
46
48
94
Lucas Grove,
1858
None.
13
25
38
9
1
1
3
3
1
8
50
Lyons,
1839
None.
28
85
113
10
6
4
10
2
7
6
15
2
4
162
Magnolia,
1855
W. H. Haywood,
'70
17
30
47
8
1
1
5
5
63
Mancbester,
1856
E. R. Stiles, p.
'64
'69
21
62
83
3
28
7
35
10
10
13
80
Maquoketa,
1843
None.
11
33
44
1
Marion,
1848
John A. Ross,
'54
'64
29
70
99
4
17
4
21
3
2
5
7
87
Marshalltown,
1868
None.
33
47
80
1
1
11
12
3
2
5
1
1
100
1871.]
Statistics. — Iowa.
i6s
CH. memb'rs.
Admt'd
Removal
BAPT. (0
.
May 1, 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
69-70 0
Churches.
•c
Ministers.
•
0
A
A.
A
^. -. 0°
s
D
hi
■*^
.
J
fE
;
f.
«
•
Place and Name
Name.
■5
s
s
0
_2
"3
2
s
p
1*
<
1
0
B
or.
0
<
p
"5
1
1!
00
O
C
0
a
fc
< Ph
J
Q_
5_
a
<
c
35
•—1
Mason City,
1858
James B. Gilbert,
'61 1
'69
16
37
53 12
6
6
7
7
1
%t
McGregor,
1857
Wm. P. Bennett, p.
'70
'70
35
83
118 12
2
1
3
2
7
9
1
3
205
Mitchell,
1857
Wm. L. Coleman,
'47
'63
20
38
58 4
1
8
9
2
3
5
3
65
Monona,
1855
James M. Smith,
'63
'69
18
39
57
9
12
6
18
2
2
6
90
Monroe,
1865
None.
Montana,
None.
Monticello,
1860
None.
'68
12
18
30
5
2
2
1
1
70
Mount Pleasant,
1841
W. H. Burnard,
'54
•69
50
69
119
20
10
7
17
4
4
3
100
Muscatine.
1843
A. B. Robbins, p.
'43
'4:i
66
121
187
7
7
11
18
2
4
8
14
2
15
300
" Ger.,
1854
P. Reuth,
'69
'69
14
15
29
5
3
3
1
18
Kashua,
1866
None.
Nevin,
1858
Robert Hunter,
'55
'67
34
30
64
7
19
12
31
1
2
3
8
1
50
New Hampton,
1858
Harvey Adams,
'43
'66
26
36
62
4
3
8
11
1
1
2
New Liberty,
1858
George Smith,
'68
"67
6
lo
16
1
1
1
30
New Providence,
1865
Charles F. Boynton,
'61
'68
4
7
11
1
1
1
Newton,
1856
None,
79
102
181
16
3
1
4
1
9
1
11
3
155
" T'nship, Ger. 1868
None.
New York,
1866
D. B. Eells,
'61
'69
7
9
16
2
3
5
1
1
1
30
Nora Springs,
1856
J. D. Mason,
'67
'69
8
10
18
3
3
6
2
No. Lizard River,
1866
A. V. House,
'70
2
5
7
7
^
7
Oakfleld,
1867
None.
Oakland & Otisvillc,1865
L. D. Boynton,
'70
20
24
44
12
2
2
50
Ogden,
1869
George W. Palmer,
'57
'69
9
14
23
2
5
7
1
3
4
Onawa,
1858
None.
9
14
23
5
2
7
1
60
Orford,
1855
Fayette Hurd,
'63
'68
20
36
56
7
6
2
8
2
70
Orleans,
1863
John W.Windsor,
'49
'68
4
7
11
2
3
0
1
1
25
Osage,
185^
Truman O. Douala8s,'6S
'68
29
53
82
5
6
14
20
3
3
3
80
Oskaloosa,
1844
Geo. D. A. Hebard,
'59
'69
61
102
163
20
18
29
47
2
17
19
4
2
40
" Junction
,1864
1). R. Lewis,
'61
'69
21
29
50
10
12
22
3
1
4
2
20
Otho,
1855
Francis Fawkes,
'68
39
47
86
9
9
3
12
5
5
5
5
93
Ottumwa,
1846
Harmon Bross, p.
'63
'67
34
62
96
19
9
9
18
4
2
6
5
3
100
Pacific,
1864
M. Fayette Piatt,
'64
'66
15
24
39
1
2
2
5
1
6
35
Parkersburg,
1869
A. V. House,
'69
11
14
25
2
3
21
24
3
70
Pine Creek, Ger.,
1858
P. Weidman,
'64
'65
19
20
39
2
1
1
3
70
Plymouth,
None.
Polk City,
1858
None.
20
26
46
3
1
1
1
9
10
3
35
Postville,
1856
Geo. F. Brownson,
'50
'69
13
32
45
2
2
4
2
2
3
60
Prairie City,
1868 Cyrus H. Eaton,
'50
'68
13
17
30
1
7
7
1
50
Quasqueton,
1853
.-VIbert Manson,
'41
'64
21
40
61
7
1
1
1
60
Quincy,
1865
None.
11
12
23
1
1
1
7
7
3
25
Rockford.
1858
Lyman Warner,
'57
'64
33
43
76
7
17
10
27
i
1
45
Rock Grove,
1856
None.
Rome,
1866
None.
12
15
27
5
Sabula,
1841
Donald R. McNab,
'69
'70
18
41
59
11
4
1
5
4
4
95
Balem,
1853
Joseph 8. Barris,
'28
'68
20
34
54
24
2
26
6
6
16
60
Seneca,
1869
()/.\as Littlefield,
'39
'69
5
10
15
2
1.3
15
25
Seventy-Six,
1859
F. W. Crang,
'34
'68
7
7
14
2
2
25
Shell Rock,
1856
J. D. Mason,
'67
'69
16
20
36
1
1
6
7
2
2
1
2
30
Sherrill's Mound,Ger.'6S
[Henry Gyr. Licen.
]
'69
17
20
37
5
5
4
4
8
20
Sioux City,
1857
John H. Morley,
'67
'69
16
37
53
2
4
22
26
4
4
1
2
95
South English,
1866
F. W. Crang,
'34
•68
7
10
17
1
6
7
2
Stacyville,
1857
T. Tenney,
'69
19
24
43
6
3
4
7
7
2
9
40
Sterling,
1854
Oliver Emerson,
'41
'61
6
17
23
4
1
5
1
1
2
Tabor,
1852
John Todd,
'44
'52
101
143
244
26
6
9
14
3
7
10
2
3
145
Tipton,
1844
George S. Biscoe,
'61
'68
27
38
65
8
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
90
Toledo,
1854
James B. Gilbert.
'60
'70
31
49
80
Troy,
1865
[E. C. Downs Licen
]
11
14
25
2
3
4
7
0
Tyson's Mill,
1868
Ezra Comley,
'68
7
10
17
2
3
3
25
Ulster,
1858
Lyman Warner,
'57
'64
10
7
17
1
4
4
2
2
4
2
Valley,
1868
A. Thompson,
'43
'68
13
12
25
15
1
16
8
90
Van Buren,
1856
None.
4
6
10
Warren,
1849
None.
5
4
9
Washington,
1855
Philo Canfield,
'45
'68
35
36
71
12
12
9
9
60
Waterloo,
1856
George Thacher,
'44
'68
66
85
1.51
15
2
8
10
4
5
9
1
1
145
Waukon,
1S64
Wm. F. Rose.
'63
'69
6
10
16
2
1
35
Waverly,
1865
Moses K. Cross,
'42
'67
22
35
57
6
4
6 10
4
1
5
1:
1
60
Wayne,
1854
L. S. Hand,
'70
21
35
56
2
2 2
1
10
11
3
40
Webster City,
1S65
W. F. Harvey,
'66
'64
31
50
81
11
3
9 12
4
4
60
Weutworth
1S68
Charles S. Mai-vin,
'57
'68
3
10
13
.
56
i66
Statistics. — Towa.
[Jan.
Chdrches. "§
'5
Place and Name. ^
O
Ministers, .«
o
a
Name. "g
O
•a
a
c
o
c
o
O
CH. memb'rs.
May 1. 1870.
Admt'd
'69-70.
Removals
1869-70.
BAP T to
'69-70. o
"a
E
<
0
<
<
X
9
<
X
OQ
z
Williamsburg,
Wilton, 1856
Winthrop, 1865
Wittemberg, 1865
Wooster, 1866
Tatesville,
York, 1848
H. L. Clark. '63
Allen C. Clark.
Loren W. Brintnall, '55
John White, '56
None.
A. V. House,
Luther P. Mathews. '55
'69
'68
'67
'69
'70
'62
15
7
22
73
5
22
16
10
41
74
4
40
31
17
67
147
9
62
3
6
3
13
4
2
3
4
1
3
3
20
2
5
6
24
3
1
1
3
1
15
1
1
5
1
15
2
1
1
6
60
100
53
40
Note. — "The Sabbath School" gives only "Average Attendance."
Other Ministers.
Abraham V. Baldwin, New-
ton.
Ethan O. Bennet, Mt. Pleas-
ant.
Thos. G. Brainerd, Grinnell.
W. M. Brooks, Pres. College,
Tabor. .
Henry L. Buflen, Durant.
Joshua M. Chamberlain, Grin-
nell.
Charles W. Clapp. Grinnell.
J.T. Closson, Fayette.
Oramel W.Cooley, Glenwood.
Joseph C. Cooper.
David B. Davison, Grinnell.
Thomas Dutton, Durant.
Henry K. Edson, Denmark.
Henry Frankfurth.
W. P. Gale, Williamsburg.
J. B. Grinnell, Grinnell.
Jesse Guernsey, Ag't Amer.
Home Missy' So., Dubuq^ue.
J. A. Halloek.
Charles C. Harrah, Monroe.
Stephen L. Herrick, Grinnell.
Araasa H. Houghton, Lansing.
Chester C. Humphrey, Tipton.
George F. Magoun, Pres. Iowa
College, Grinnell.
William H. Marble.
James R. Mershon, Newton.
James E. Morse, Genoa Bluffs.
J. A. Northrop, Otisville.
Leonard F. Parker. Prof. Iowa
College. Grinnell.
H. M. Parmelee, Iowa Falls.
William A. Patten, Anamosa.
Jos. W. Pickett, Des Moines.
G. G. Poage, Wittemberg.
Giles M. Porter, Garnaville.
E. T. Preston.
G. G. Rice, Hamburg.
John Scharer.
Benjamin Talbot, Council
Biuds.
Edwin Teele.
Asa Turner, Oska'oosa.
John R. Upton, Monoma.
8. J. Whiton.
Reed Wilkinson, Fairfield.
Loring S. Williams.
Geo. H. Woodward. Toledo.
W. W. Woodworth. Griunell.
Johnson Wright, Prof., Tabor.
Licentiates.
Otis D. Crawford.
J. A. Cruzan.
James E. Morse.
And two in tables above.
SUMMARY. — Churches: 7 with pastors; 158 with acting pastors; 32 vacant (including 2
supplied by licentiates). Total, 197.
Ministers: 7 pastors; 121 acting pastors ; 49 others. Total, 177. Licentiates, 5.
Church Members: 4,061 males; 6,361 females. Total, 10,422, including 875 absent.
Gain. 748.
Additions in 1869-70 : 730 by profession ; 780 by letter. Total, 1,510.
Removals IN 1869-70 : 93 by death; 535 by dismissal; 67 by excommunication. Total,
695.
Baptisms in 1869-70 : 252 adult ; 264 infant.
In Sabbath Schools (average attendance only) : 10,429. Loss, 43.
Benevolent Contributions (132 churches, 161 last year) : Am. Home Miss. Soc, $2,777.22;
A. B. C. F.M., $2,048.98; Am. Miss. Association, $1,957.48; Am. Bible Society, $991.70;
Am. Cong. Union, $898.05; Am. Education Society, $45.40 ; Am. Tract .^'ociety. Boston,
$222.42; other objects, $3,141.28. Total, $12,082.63. a decrease of $3,374.37. Home
Expenditure: Ministers' Salaries, $68,306.66; Sabbath Schools, $6,414.03; Incidentals,
$:il.6:36.70. Total, $106,357.39. (The Am. Home Miss. Socieiy adds $22,693.42 to the
salaries.)
Average Prater Meeting (attendance) (144'churche8, 161 last year) : 2,852, an increase of
149.
Average Congregation (161 churches, 163 last year) : 15,8.36, an Increase of 1,303.
CHANGES. — Churches : A''i?w, or replaced on the list, — Albia; Anita; Buffalo : Olivet ch.,
Burlington; Corning; Garden Prairie; Golden Prairie; Grand River; JasperCity; Locust
Lane; Nora Springs; Parkersburg; Plymouth; Seneca; Valley. Dropped from the list,
— Conover; Fairview; Grove City; Kellogg; Mitchellville; New Jefferson; Old Man's
Creek. " Muscatine. Lucas Grove" now appears as Lucas Grove.
Ministers: Not reported. From Quarterly, and comparisons; Ordinations, 1 pastor, 3
without installation. Installations, 2. Dismissals, 3,
ORGANIZATION".- Eleven Associations of Churches (ten last year), are united iu a Gen-
eral Association.
18/1.]
Statistics. Missoiu i.
167
MISSOURI.
Churches. "S
5
Place and Name. ?»
5
Ministers.
Name.
CH. memb'rs. Admt'd Removals b apt. 00
Oct. 1, 1870.
'09-70.
1869-70.
(59-70.
32
Achers,
Bedford.
Bevier, Welsh,
Bieckeniidge,
Brooklielil,
California,
Cameron,
Carihaae,
(■hillieothe,
Dawn, Welsh,
Fairmount,
Gallatin,
Glenwood,
Greenridge,
Greenwood,
ILimilton,
Hannibal,
Kuhoka,
Kansas City,
Kidder,
Kingston,
Laclede,
1865 None.
J. T. lluson,
1864 None.
1865 W. S. Hills,
1866 J. T. Cook,
1865 C. C. Salter,
1867 K. G. Sherrill,
1865 W. A. Waterman,
1870 H. B. Fry, p.
1865 J. G. Dougherty, p.
1865
1S67
1866
1869
1870
1867
1868
1859
1865
1866
1864
1865
1865
T. W. Davies,
C. S. Callihan,
W. Wilmott,
L. M. I'ierce,
M. Bowers,
LaGrange, German,1869
Lamar,
Lathrop,
Lebanon, 1st,
2d,
Macon,
Marshfield,
Mcadville,
Memphis,
Moniteau,
Neosho,
New Cambria, W
Ozark,
Pleasant Hill,
Pleasant Mount,
Pleasant Ridge,
Prospect Grove,
Rehoboth,
Sedalia,
Seneca,
Springfield,
St. Catherine,
St. Joseph, Tab.,
St. Louis, 1st,
" Pilgrim,
" Mnyflower,1869
Plymouth, 1869
1869
1870
1869
1870
1866
1870
1870
1865
1867
1866
1864
1869
1867
1867
1869
1865
1868
1867
1852
1866
Stokes Mound,
8yracu-e,
Turkey Creek,
Union Grove,
Utica,
Valley, Welsh,
Warrentiburg,
Webster Groves,
Wellsville,
West Hartford,
Windsor,
B G.Page,
G. G. Perkins,
M. J. Savage,
A. A. Whitniore,
.J. G. Roberts,
G. G. Perkins,
M. J. Callan,
J. Allender,
J. Schaerer,
None.
F. W. Adams, p,
G. A. PadJock,
H. Mob ley,
A. Bowers,
[A. E. Tracy, Lioen,
1. Carlton,
•A.. M.Thome,
F. G. Sherrill,
H. D. Lowing,
None.
Z. E. Feemster,
F. A. Armstrong,
A. H. Missildiue,
L. M. Pierce.
G. S. Callihan,
None.
1866 W. R. Seaver,
1870 H. D, Lowing,
1869 J. H Harwood,
1866 J. Allender,
F. L. Kenyon,
T. M. Post, D.D., p.
W. C. Martyu, p.
J. Monteith,
W. H. Warren, p.
J. T. Huson,
None.
Z. E. Feemster,
A. M. Thome,
I Carlton,
G. Grifiiths,
None.
None,
J. S. Rounce,
G. W. Williams,
J. M. Bowers,
'69
'66
'52
'59
'50
'68
'70
'70
'54
'44
'52
'70
'66
'65
'57
'64
'46
'58
'57
'70
'69
'65
'70
'68
'65
'69
]
'63
'66
'50
'58
1869
1867
1870
1865
1 860
1867
1867
1866
1867
1868
1868
'50
'59
'70
'44
'49
'58
'6S
'69
'44
'69
'58
'69
'69
'66
'63
'53
'60
'68
'69
'70
'70
'69
'67
'67
'69
'70
'69
'65
•68
'69
'69
'68
70
'70
70
69
'66
'70
'68
'70
'70
'70
'69
'68
'70
'65
'67
'69
'69
'09
'67
'09
'65
'70
'09
69
08
4
33
11
29
31
5
38
12
22
43
9
9
19
7
25
8
91
6
55
33
10
11
22
6
6
9
1
19
3
5
Vi
21
24
8
18
7
7
4
25
1
16
10
76
50
8
4
7
20
8
21
19
8
10
35
5
41
15
30
51
11
47
15
47
39
9
14
24
12
31
14
125
7
53
40
15
13
25
5
4
11
5
28
5
7
19
33
2'
28
7
5
7
28
3
24
15
151
65
9
74
26
59
82
10
85
27
69
82
18
23
43
19
56
22
216
13
108
73
25
24
47
11
10
20
6
47
8
10
31
10
54
51
12
16
46
14
12
11
53
4
40
25
227
115
80
10
4
8
10
17
24
44
14
22
21
42
34
53
15
23
13
23
33
68
7
24
6
10
2 6
13
14
1
12
30138
14
70
70
60
75
100
50
111
127
40
40
75
70
80
70
300
lUO
1.50
125
OK
40
90
50
lUO
80
10
62
125
80
73
25
75
40
80
90
75
125
75
300
205
185
100
30
40
00
57
SO
70
40
80
Other Ministers.
George P. Beard, Sedalia.
Albert Burr, Gallatin.
ID. Callihan, Lamar.
S. D. Cochran, d.t>., Pres.
Thayer College, Kidder.
Abiathar Kuapp, Laclede.
Charles Peabody, Dist. Sec.
Am. Tract Soc, St. Lonis.
William Porter, Weboter
Grove J.
1 68
Statistics. — Kansas.
[Jan.
E. D. Seward, Laclede.
M. H. Smith, teacher, War-
rensburg.
Henry M. Stevens, Ag't Tract
Society, Kansas City.
Edwin B. Turner, Ag't Amer.
Home Missionary Society,
Hannibal.
William F. Twining, St.
Louis.
Licentiates.
One above.
C. VV. Von Coelin, Prof. Col-
lege, Kidder.
SUMMARY. — Churches : 6 with pastors; 45 with acting pastors ; 10 vacant (including one
supplied by licentiate). Total, 61
Ml.MsTERS: 6 pastors; 37 acting pastors; 12 others. Total, 55.
Church Members: l.OOlmales; l,351female8; 102 not specified. Total, 2,454, includinst
191 absent. Gain, 527.
Adi>itions in 18o9-70: 354 by profession; 349 by letter. Total, 703.
Removals in 1869-70: 19 bv death ; 95 by dismissal: 3 " disfellowshipped." Total, 117.
Baptisms in 1869-70 : 112 adults ; 67 infants.
In Sabbath Schools : 4,398. Gain, 769.
Benevolent Contributions (39 churches, 37 list year) : $7,266.30, an increase of $4,390.91.
Parish Expenses, including support of ministers, church-buildings, &c. (44 churches, 43
last year): $53,060.39, an increase of §12,699.32.
CHANGES.— Churches: A^eio, —Bedford ; Carthage; Greenridge; Lathrop; Lebanon,
2d; Marshfleld; Meadville; Seneca; Turkey Creek. Dropped from the list, — Louis-
iana; Maysville; Mirabile; Stewartsville. Wyaconda now appears as Fairmount.
Ministers: Ordinations, — 1 without installation. Installations, 4. Dismissals, 0. De-
ceased, one acting pastor.
ORG VNIZATION". — Five Associations of Churches (last year four).3The churches are also
united in a General Association.
KANSAS.
CH. memb'rs.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT. m
'69-70. 5
,
•3
May 1, 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
Churches.
Place and Name.
"O
Ministers.
Name.
•
^
*.
,^* oo
1
c
c
u
c
O
s
t
0
c
X
.a
^
0
u
o
0)
<
0
X
<
C
X
CD
<
m
o
o
o
S "^ \t<
<
/»
hJ H
c
hi
■A\'t'
-^
>-*
Albany,
1858
Arvonia,
1869
Atchison,
1858
Baxter Springs,
1870
Burlingame,
1861
Burlington,
1868
Ceutralia,
1869
Chetopa,
1868
Cottonwood Falls,
1867
Council Grove,
18r>3
Diamond Springs,
1869
Elk Itiver,
1870
Emporia, 1st,
1858
Emporia, 2d, Welsh, '68
Eureka,
1868
Fort Scott,
1869
Geneva,
1857
Grasshopper Falls
1858
Hiawatha,
1869
Highland,
1865
Junction City,
1864
Kanwaka,
1856
Lawrence, PljTnouth,'.54
Lawrence. 2d,
1862
Lawrence, Pilgrim
,1866
Leavenworth, 1st,
1858
Leavenworth, 5th A
v., '66
Leavenworth, 3d,
1869
Louisville,
1868
Lowell,
1868
^Manhattan,
1856
Ml f.rd.
1868
Mdiind City,
1866
Muscotah,
1865
Ozro A.Thomas, '53 '67
\ W. Thomas, ,gQ
\ W. Barrows,
LeviBodley Wilson, '53 '70
Henry B. Underwood, '65 '65
Leicester J. Sawj-er, '64 '68
[John Barrows, Licen.] "69
Samuel A.Vandyke, '55 '70
None.
Charles L. Guild, '63 '69
Lincoln Harlow, '6:3 '67
Lincoln Harlow, '63 '69
Luther H. Piatt, '66 "70
John D. Bell, '64 '69
Henry Rees, '47 '69
Luther H. Piatt, '66 '69
Joseph C. Plumb, p. '69 '68
Calvin Gray, p. '38 '67
None.
Davillo W Comstock,'61 '70
Horatio W. Shaw, '50 '69
Isaac Jacobus, '65 '65
None.
Richard Cordley, '58 '57
Joseph H. Payne, '36 '65
John F. Morgan. '65 '65
James D. Liggett, '59 '59
Robert Brown, '62 '66
John E. Wier, p. '64 '69
Jacob F. Guyton, '69 '69
George B. Hitchcock, '47 '69
R. Davenport Parker,'58 '67
None.
Han'ey P. Robinson, '63 '69
Jas.M.Vau Wagner, '40 '69
10
11
40
4'
10
29
5
22
13
4
12'
12
11
144
29
26
17
50
7
26
11
36
22
9
202
19
16
214
35
48
28
85
16
46
19
10
8
7
2
7
2
1
1
1
3
4
1
2
1
4
2
9
2
6
1
1
3
1
1
12
1
1
2
3
5
3
2
1
2
2
3
75
90
87
150
40
139
55
90
25
100
112
Un
45
30
25
40
220
75
100
300
100
45
70
3 125
45
75
80
1871.]
Statistics. — Kansas.
169
CH. memb'rs.
Admt'd
RemovalB
BAPT. «
'69-70. u
,
?
Mayl
,18
'0.
'61 -70.
1869-70.
Churches.
Place and Name
-c
Ministers. -e
c
Name. "g
0
,
_,^
j^
* -^ ^
N
'c
c
0
S
S
0
S.
•a
a
E
0
<
0
0
m
^
p
u
0
3;
C
■J
S
B
0
0
<
0
2
1
n
<
m
0
0
a
a
b
Eh
<^
M-l
lJ_
5_
s_
K
H
<_
c
Osden,
I860I ( J. M. Morris, Licen.l
'65
Olathe,
1865
Geo. A. Beck with, '62
'67
13
16
29
5
6
6
1
1
40
Osawkee,
1870
J. M. Cheeseman,
'70
25
Osawatomie,
1856
S. L. Adair, '41
'65
15
26
40
1
2
8
10
1
1
2
1
60
Oswego,
1S67
None.
26
Paola,
1867
None.
17
8
25
2
9
9
6
6
Petersville,
1869
Henry B.Underwood,'65
'64
7
7
14
3
6
8
1
50
Plymouth,
1869
WiUiara C. Stewart, '57
'69
11
Quindnro,
1858
Sylvester D. Storrs, '58
'59
2
n
13
2
4
4
1
1
35
Kidgeway,
1862
Jared W. Fox, '39
'60
9
11
20
2
1
1
U.
Rochester,
1862
Rodney Paine, '43
'58
6
8
14
6
35
Seneca,
1867
Wm. C. Stewart, '57
'68
•■-t. Mary's,
1870
Alfred Connet, '61
'69
6
3
9
3
6
9
2
Toiiganoxie,
1868
H. E. Woodcock, '48
'68
8
13
21
4
1
5
2
125
Topeka, let.
1857
Linus Blakeslee, '63
'70
70
82
152
11
5
18
23
1
2
3
170
Topeka, 2d,
1863
W. W. Weir,
'70
Topeka, North,
1869
Rodney Paine, '43
'66
6
6
12
0
2
1
1
80
Troy,
1861)
None.
Vienna,
1868
Alfred Connet, '61
'68
4
11
15
3
12
15
1
1
3
35
M'ahaunsee,
1857
RohertM.Tunnell.p. '69
'68
66
66
122
11
36
4
40
17
7
112
Wakarusa,
186: 1
None.
8
4
12
0
2
25
Walnut Creek,
1858
Davillo W.Comstock,'61
'70
10
17
27
2
3
3
1
5
6
1
60
[Walnut Grove,
Wasbara,
186(1
Cornelius Carper, '69
'69
1867
John Phillips,
'70
8
9
17
1
1
1
20
White Cloud,
1867
Horatio W\ Shaw, '50
'68
9
13
22
1
2
5
7
1
1
Wilmington,
1869
John Phillips,
'70
2
3
5
2
3
5
3
Wyaiidoite,
1858
Edwin A. Harlow, p. '63
'67
16
36
51
2
4
4
8
1
1
1
7
125
Other Ministers.
Zebina Baker, Washara.
John A. Banfield, Supt. City
Schools, Topeka.
Lewis Bodwell, Topeka.
H. Q. Butterfleld, I'rof, Wash-
burne College, Topeka.
J. H. Byrd, Leavenworth.
T. H. Canfield, Oswego.
Cornelius Carper, a. p.. Wal-
nut Grove.
Jonathan Copeland, Mission-
ary. Butler County.
Gilman A. Hoyt. Hiawatha.
Harvey Jones, Wabaunsee.
Samuel Y.Lum, Agent Amer-
ican Bible Society, Law-
rence.
W. A. McCollom, Council
Grove.
J. M. McLain, Burlington.
Peter McVicar, State Supt.
Public Instruction, Topeka.
G. C. Morse, Emporia.
J. D. Parker, Topeka.
L. Pomeroy, Muscotah.
Ira H. Smith, Topeka.
Frank H. Snow, Prof. Natural
Science, State University,
Lawrence.
John Todd, Junction City.
Licentiates.
Two in table above.
SUMMARY. — Churches : 6 with pastors; 44 with acting pastors; 10 vacant (including 2
supplied by licentiates). Total, 60.
Ministers: Pastors, 6; Acting Pastors, 36; others, 20. Total, 62.
Members: 836 males; 1,146 females; 268 not specified. Total, 2,250, including 167 absent.
Gain, 644.
Additions: 142 by profession ; 330 by letter. Total, 472.
Removals : 16 by death; 85 by dismission; 5 by excommunication. Total,, 106.
Baptisms: 51 infants, 57 adults.
In Sunday Schools : 3,410. Gain, 1,266.
Benevolent Contributions (30 churches. 33 last year) : Home Missions, $394.15; Foreign
Missions, $126.40; Bible Society, $348,27 ; Am Cong. Union, $172.40; Am. Miss'y Ass'n,
$147.90; Miscellaneous, $2,267.00. TOTAL, $3,456.12, an increase of $1,123.56. Raised
for Home Expensis (40 churches, 38 last year): Salaries, $17,647.55: church edificc-s,
$28,936.20; Sabbath School Libraries, etc., $1,637.72; other current expenses, $3,746.82.
Total, $air,867.29, an increase of $21,021.11.
CHANGES. — Churches: iV?2<;, — Arvonia; Baxter Springs; Diamond Springs; Elk River;
Hi.awatha; Leavenworth, 3d ; Osawkee ; Plymouth; St. Mary's; Topeka North; Wil-
mington. Z>ro/j/jerf from the list, — none. Tue original Hiawatha now appears as Wal-
nut Creek; and North Lawrence now appears as Lawrence North.
Ministers : From Qi/artirly Record and comparison of tables, — Ordinations, 1 pastor.
Installations, 6. Dismissals, 3. Deceased, none.
ORGANIZATION.- The churches are united in a General Association.
I/O
Statistics. — Nebraska; Dakota; Wyoming. [Jan.
NEBRASKA
CH. MEMB'RS
Admit'd.
Removal-
BAPT. X
,
'C
June 1, 1870.
1869-70.
1869-70.
'69-70 «
CncRcnES.
'd
Ministers.
o
..^— ^
N
a
2;
iJ
•bi
,
J
r-' J
7
»
Place and Name. ^
Name.
■a
s
3
s
<
o
3
8
5
<
0
J
<
O
O
o
%
fe
H
<^^\
•-H
H
a ;5
i3 H <
— ■ »-H
Avoca,
1865
None.
5 4
9
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
Blair,
1S70
M;. Tinsfley,
'58
'69 4 4
8
0
2
6
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Butler Co.
18.)9
Amos Dre.sser,
'41
'69
9
9
18
0
5
2
7
0
2
0
2
u
0
30
Calla.
1 Stilt
M. X. Miles,
'30
'69
4
5
9
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
Camp Creek,
lSi)S
11. Foster,
'54
'68
14
24
38
6
8
1
9
1
0
0
1
0
3
3.5
Columbus,
18t37
None.
3
9
12
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
7
0
0
40
KImore,
1S;-,S
None.
12
14
26
2
1
15
16
0
0
0
0
1
1
35
Elmwood,
1S70
Davi'l Knowleg,
'46
•GJ
4
4
8
0
1
7
8
0
0
0
0
0
1
30
Fonta.ielle,
1S56
Thomas Douglas,
'6S
'70
18
22
40
1
10
0
10
1
0
0
1
0
50
Fremont,
18o7
J. B. Chase, jr.,
'6.'.
'69
30
32
62
8
13
5
18
1
2
3
6
2
i
68
Irvingtoii,
IS.iO
K. B. Hurlbui,
'58
'oj
18
15
33
4
7
10
17
0
0
0
0
0
o
20
Jalr.ppa,
1870
.T. B. Chase, jr.,
'6.-1
'6i
4
9
13
0
3
10
13
0
0
0
0
0
3
.30
Lricoln,
1867
L. B. Fifield.
'57
'70
16
18
34
3
8
9
17
2
0
0
•?
0
3
40
Milford,
1869
T. N. Skinner,
'52
'69
10
22
32
0
0
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
Monroe.
1869
None.
2
9
11
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
0
Nebraska City,
186:5
None.
20
34
54
9
•1
10
12
0
2
1
3
3
1
55
Norfolk,
1870
.J. W. Kidder.
'58
'70
5
5
10
0
0
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oinalui
18o6
A. F. Sherrill,
'70
'69
34
56
90
0
10
13
23
0
7
0
7
0
0
85
Pepperville,
1869
Amos Dresser,
'41
'69
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Plailsmouth,
1869
Fred. Alley,
'67
'69
4
A
8
1
2
6
8
0
0
0
0
]
0
30
Salt Creek,
186i
David Kuowles,
'46
'68
8
5
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
S'huvler,
1870
None.
2
5
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Weepi i- Water
1861
Simon Barrows.
'54
sters.
'70
18
244
14
327
32
571
2
40
1
76
7
126
8
2;r2
0
4
0
4
4
0
1
45
To r \ L, 23 c
'lbs. (
7 vacant); 13 min
5
:2o
3.5
Is
261768
Other Ministers. i Reuben Gaylord, Om.aha.
Chas. (i. Bishee, instructor in H. N. Grout, Elmore.
Nebraska Univ., Fontauelle. I Isaac E. Heatou, Fremont.
O. W. Merrill, Sup't of Ne-
braska for .\m. Home Miss.
Soc, Nebraska Ci'.y.
SUMMARY. — As above. Gain of members, 183. Loss in S.abbath Schools, 90.
Average Congregations (19 churches, 11 last year) : 1,115. Increase, 173.
CHANGES. — Churches: A'eio,— Bl.iir; Calla; Elmwood; Irvington ; Jalappa; Norfolk;
Pepi>erville; Platismouth; Schuyler. Dropped fromthelist, — Papillion. (Is Irvingtoa
the same as Papillion ? )
MiNiSTEU.s: Ordinations, 1.
OUGANIZA TION. — The churches are united in the Conoregational Association.
DAKOTA.
1 Nov. 1, 1870. 1 '69-70. | '69-70. | '69-70.
Elk Point, Clay co., 1870
Richland, " 187u
Vermillion, Un'n co.,1870
Yankton, 186S
*
«
*
Joseph "Ward, p.
'69
'68
12
27
7
3
7
39
2
5
5
7
3
7
11
28
7
3
7
10
a;-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
Total, 4 churches.
12
27
56
o
* Rev. Stewart Sheldon, is supplying these churches. At all of these places Sabbath
Schools and prayer nn-etings are est.iblished.
The church at Yankton reports benevolent contributions at $55.25; and over $4,000
raised for building a church. It does not report its Sabbath School, last year numbering
110. Two out-slatioas for preaching are supplied.
WYOMING.
I Nov. 1. 1870. I 1869-70. | '69-70. | '69-70.
Cheyenne,
1869, Jerome D. Davis, p. '69l'69| 8| 121 201 3| 41 3l 7l 01 3| 0| 3| 3| 3| 75
Gain of members, 4. Baxfivai.B.WT Contblbl'TIONS, $75.
1 8/ 1.] Statistics. Colorado; Wash. Ter. ; Oregoji.
171
COLORADO
Churches, "g
Place and Name. Jj)
0
Ministers. ^3
c
Name. "g
0
•6
c
0
S
S
a
CH. memb'rs.
Dec. 1. 1870.
Admt'd
'69-70.
Removals
1869-70.
BAPT. •
(XI
'69-70.3
_2
a
t
0
■*1
ii
-5 H
E
(X
it
CO
'J.
-.J
.72
S5
Boulder, 1864
Central City, 186:3
Denver, 1865
Empire, 1866
Georgetown, 1868
Greeiey, 1870
Nathan Thompson, '65
S. F. Dickinson, '70
None.
None.
None.
None.
'65
'70
11
20
10
7
6
17
12
19
13
5
6
12
23
39
23
12
12
29
2
15
4
6
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
4
2
4
0
0
29
39
4
3
4
0
0
29
40
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
2
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
0
0
8
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
(.)
0
78
70
0
30
0
0
ToTAi., 6 churches, (4 vacant) : 2 ministers.
71
67
138
27
31178
SU\rAf.\RT.— As above. Gain of members, 33. Gain in Sabbath schools, 4. Benevolent
Contributions: Boulder, $39.45; Central City, $45.00.
CHANGES.— Churches : New —Greeley. Dropiied from the list,— none.
Ministers. — None.
OUGANIZ.VTION.— The churches are united in the Colorado Conference of Concire.
GATioNAL Churches.
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
I Oct 20.1870. I '69-70. | 186H-70. | '69-7o7
Walla- Walla, 1865|P. B. Chamberlain, '56|'6.5| 9| 18| 27| 3! o| 3| 3| o| ll o| l| o| oj 65
Gain (in two years), 3. Loss in Sabbath School, 10. Benevolent Contrib'jtions, $100.
Other Ministers: John F. Damon, Seattle; Cushing Eells, missionary, Walla- Walla.
Licentiate : Huntington, Olympia.
OREGON.
1 May 1,1870. | '69-70. [ 1869-70. | '69-70.
Albany,
18.53
W. R. Butcher,
'69
6
12
18
4
4
2
2
50
.Astoria,
1S66
Wra. J. Clark, '69
'69
11
IS
29
1
1
2
1
80
Dalles,
1859
Thomas Condon,
'59
20
52
72
17
2
19
1
4
4
9
0
0
219
Forest Grove,
1845
8. H. Marsh, d.d.
'69
38
42
81)
0
1
1
2
3
3
3
Hillsboro',
1866
None.
3
2
5
Oregon Oity,
1844
E. Gerry,
'68
16
32
48
2
0
2
2
2
1
6
100
Portlaud,
1851
G. H. Atkinson, d.d. »48
'63
53
55
108
^
0
11
11
3
3
4
200
Balem,
1852
P. S. Knight,
'67
42
189
63
276
105
465
18
39
3
23
21
62
2
6
2
13
1
5
5
24
7
8
1
12
130
Total, 8 ch
urches.
(1 vacant) ; 7 ministers.
779
Other Ministers: No report; but the following names appear in Oregon ecclesiastical
affiiirs: — Obed Dickinson, [Salem?]; J. H. D. Henderson. Eugene City; Huntington
Lyman [Prof.?], Forest Grove; Elkanah Walker, Forest Grove.
SUMMARY. — As above. Gain of members, 33. Gain in Sabbath Schools, 41.
Benevolent Contributions: Home Missions. $138.45; Foreign Missions, $88. Pastors'
support (8 churches), $4,897.50. '■ Other objects," $2,451.35.
Conversion.^, 41. Average Attendance on public worship (7 churches, 5 last year) ,
910, an increase of 210.
CHANGES. — Churches, — none.
Ministers : Ordination, 1 without installation.
ORGANIZATION. — The ministers and churches are united in the Congregational
Association.
1/2
Statistics. — California.
[Jan.
CALIFORNIA
Chubches.
Place and Name.
Ministers.
Name.
CH. MEMB'RS.
Admt'J
Removals
BAPT.
,
Sept. 1, 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
'69-70.
"O
N
5
o
li
*^
,
,i
11
^.
.i
oj
"
_2
"a
C5
S
-<
0
3
X
.^2
'i
o
<
o
S
5
b
3
"3
c.^
O
O
S
^
.^3
a<
J
«
3
Ed
^
^
Anaheim, 1870
Angel's, 1869
Antioch, 1865
Benicia, I860
Cache Creek, 1866
Chico, 1867
Clayton, 1S63
Cldvrrdale, IS",'
Culorna, ISii
Copperopolia, 1864
Dixon, 1869
Douglas Flat, 1869
Dutch Flat, IS'U
Eden Plain, 1867
Eureka, 1861
Folsoni, 1853
Grass Valley, 1853
Hay ward, 1865
Hydesville, 1868
Lincoln, 1868
Lockeford, 1862
Los Angeles, 1867
Mokelumne Hill, 1854
Murphy, 1866
National City, 1870
Nevada, 1851
Nortonville, 1864
Oakland, 1st, 1860
" 2d, 1868
Oroville, 1856
Pescadi ro, 1866
Petaluma, 1854
Poland, 1867
Redwood, 1862
Rio Vista 186j
Sacramento, 1849
Ban Andreas, 1866
San Bernardino, 1867
S. Buenaventura, 1869
San Francisco, 1st, 1849
" 2d, 1862
" 3d, 1863
" Green st., 1865
San Mateo, 1864
Santa Barbara, 1867
Santa Cruz, 1857
Soquel, 1868
Stockton, 1865
Vallejo, 1870
Wheatland, 1869
Woodbridge, 1862
Woodland, 1870
•Josiah Bates, s.s.
Roswell Graves, s.s.
A. H. Johnson, s.s.
C H. Pope, p.
None.
J. M. Woodman, s.s.
M. Harker, s.s.
K. -Taiu's, s.s.
.\..;ie.
None.
None.
R. Graves, s.s.
il. Cuin-ning", s s.
A. H. .ILlhllSDll. B.S.
J. T. Willes, s.s.
None.
T. G. Thurston, s s.
B. N. Seymour, p.
L. W. Winslow, 8.8.
None.
W. D. Bishop, s.s.
I. W. Atherion, s.s.
R. Graves, s.s.
R. Graves, s.s.
None.
V. I'arker, s.s.
(J. T. Owens, s.s.
( .Jiihn Price, s.s.
G. Mooar, v>. d., s.s.
D. B. <iray. p.
P. G. Buchanan, s.s.
G. R. Ellis, s. 8.
C. J. Hut'-hins, s.s.
W. D. Bishop, s.s.
H. E. Jewett. s.s.
.J. J. Powell, p.
I. E. Dwinell, D. D.,p.
R. Graves, s.s.
Josiah Bates, s.s.
1*. Harrison, s.s.
. W. C. Merritt, s.s.
A. L. Stone, d.d., p.
E. G. Beckwith, s.s.
W. C. Pond, p.
Eli Corwin, p.
T. H. Rouse, s.s,
E. M. Betts, p.
None.
J. H. Strong, p.
5 J A. Daly, p.
) J. C. Holbrook, D.D.,
A. M. Goodnough, s.s.
None.
None.
S. R. Rosboro, s.s.
'70
4 6
' I
16 22:
Jo
4j 5,
10 13
24
9
2
9
5
8
6
10
11
43
12
18
3
16! 32
S 10 18
77 143
11! 27
5! 23
3 5
49:106
t
25
12
lOo
220
38
28
8
155
9
35
24
144
6 13 19
191 269 460
511 91142
81:122
41
7
uu
15
7
21
37
59
3
8
23
48
8
11
4
4
3
2
9
11
2
2
2
1
2 2
16
4 7
32 44
8'23
18 25
1
12
1 1
17 12 29
17
12 20
23
3:26
13
20
12
2
2
4
1; 3
70
70
90
45
11
30
80
82
375
60
70
25
40
80
50
20
145
100
490
38
31
150
90
106
210
100
460
409
474
300
45
70
215
65
147
23
15
1 25
Preaching Stations.
Rincon, Josiah Bates, attendance, 25; Sin Juan, Wm. L. .Jones, attendance, 100; Sabbath
School, 1, total enrolled members, 8'J; Tustin, Josiah Bates, attendance, 75; Napa, Josiah
Bates, attendance, 20.
Other Ministers.
W. C. Bartlott, Editor, San
Francisco.
J. A. Benton, D.D. , Professor
Pacific Theological Semina-
ry, San Fraiiclsco.
J. E. Benton, Oakland.
S. V. Blakeslee, Editor
P.aoiftc, Oakland.
J. W Brier, Evangelist Oak-
land.
I87I.]
Statistics. — Dominion of Canada.
173
J. 8. B'.Tger, Santa Kosa.
S. Bristol, Saticoy.
M. S. Crosell, San Francisco.
Walter Frear, Honolulu, H. I.
J. A. Johnson, Editor, Santa
Barbara.
Martin Kellogg, Prof. State
University, Uaklaud.
John Kimball, j\gent Amer.
Missionary Ass., Oakland.
J. P. Moore, City Missionary,
San Francisco.
Joseph Rowell, Seamen's
Chaplain, San Francisco.
W. A. Tenney, Alameda.
J. H. Warren, Supt. of Mis-
sions of the Amer. llonie
Missionary Society, San
Francisco.
SUMMARY. — Chdrches: 12 with pastors ; 31 with stated supplies; 9 vacant. Total, 52.
Ministers: 12 pastors; 28 stated supplies; 16 others. Total, 56. Licentiates, none
reported.
Chlrcii Members: 816 males; 1,481 females; 45 not specified. Total,2,342, — including
370 absent. Gain, 221.
Additions in 186a-7U : 196 by profession; 249 by letter. Total, 445.
Rkmovals in 1869-70: 16 by death ; looby di:-niis»al; 3 by excommunication. Total, 20-1.
Baptisms in 1869-70 : 46 adults ; 164 infants.
In Sabbath Schools : 5,156. Loss, 22.
Benevolent Contributions (26 churches, 19 last year1 : $9,053.03, a decrease of $631.17.
Clrrent Expenses (35 churches, 32 last year): $.54,568.94, an increase of $3,187.24.
Church Erection, and payment of debts (27 churches, 29 last year) : $50,904.25, an in-
crease of $11,876.79. Value of church property (32 churches, 35 last year) : $327,800, an
increase of $56,455. Church Debts (15 churches, 14 last year) : $43,198.35, an increase of
$14,7C0.60.
CHANGES. — Churches: Kew^ — Anaheim; National city, San Diego co. ; San Buenaven-
tura; Vallejo; Woodland. i)?'t>iy)ed from the list, — iSouth Park ch., San Francisco, ex-
tinct.
Ministers : Ordinations, none reported. Installations, 3. Dismissals. 4, Deceased, 1
without charge.
ORGANIZATION. — The churches are united in a General Assoclation.
DOMINION OF CANADA.
PROVINCES OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC
CH. MEMB'BS.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT. X
.
May 6, 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70.
■69-70. 1
Chchches. "2
Ministers. ^j
0
t ^ v
^^^-^
_N
0
0
0
ij
..i
li
CD
^
,i
a:
X
e
Pla<fe and Name, t*
Name, '£
0
"5
S
0
<
b
0
4.»
<
«
0
jxi
X
<:
5
<
m
25
0
0
0
a
fe
H
<
r
J
£ G
1-^
|fi_
H
<
^
«— t
Abbotsford, Q . 1830
H. J. Colwell, p.
'70
6
Albion, Ont. 1845
Joseph Wheeler, p. '39
'45
8
12
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
57
Alton, " 18.39
H. Denny, s.s. '32
30
29
59
5
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
6
106
Belleville, " 1854
None. No report.
Bowmanville, " 18:39
Thos. M. Reikie, p. '45
'55
14
27
41
11
1
0
1
1
0
1
2
47
Brantford, " 1834
John Wood, p. '52
'52
42
90
132
15
7
0
7
1
7
1
9
0
6
167
Brockville, " 1843
Alex. McGregor, p. 63
'63
9
21
30
4
3
7
0
0
4
4
1
54
Brome, Q. 1844
Charles P. Watson, p. '57
'66
8
12
20
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
Un
Burford, Ont. 1840
Student. No report.
Caledon,Soutlj, " 1851
Matthew S. Gi'ay,s.8. '57
'68
7
11
18
Churchill, " 1838
Joseph Unsworth, p. '48
'53
55
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
55
Cobourg. " 1835
C. Pedley.iVo report. '49
0
Cold Springs, " 1840
Charles Pedley, p. '49
'66
22
48
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
75
Colpoy's Bay, " 1858
John Brown, '62
'70
9
10
19
3
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
Cowansville, Q. 1855
Chas. P. Watson, p. '57
'66
17
34
51
2
0
2
1
0
0
1
2
14
78
Danville, " 1832
W. S. Rae. p.
'70
48
70
118
4
10
2
12
2
6
0
8
1
39
277
Douglas, Ont. 1868
Ro.bert Brown, p. '62
'68
15
25
40
3
7
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
4
42
Dunham, Q. 1867
No report.
Durham, " 1837
No report.
Eaton, " 1835
Edwin J. Sherrill, p. '37
'37
14
57
71
2
4
1
5
2
0
0
2
2
4
180
Kden Mills, Ont. 1847
No report.
Edgeworth, " 1860
William Burgess, p. '49
'60
13
5
18
0
7
1
8
0
0
0
0
1
0
15
Fergus, '' 1869
Enoch Barker, p. '55
'69
17
25
42
5
23
23
46
0
2
2
4
0
11
52
Fitch Bay, Q. 1859
L. P. Adams. No re-
port, '40
'.54
Forest, Ont. 1863
J»hn Salmon, B.A., p. '62
'68
18
16
34
3
0
3
0
2
1
3
T'n
Garafraxa, 1st, •' 1856
Enoch Barker, p. '55
'69
48
53
101
1
46
1
47
0
0
4
4
1
7
126
" North, •' 1867
Robert Brown, p. '62
'67
7
10
17
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
Georgetown, " 1842
Joseph Unsworth, p. '48
'53
16
28
44
3
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
6
116
174
Statistics. — DomimcH of Canada,
[Jan.
li
((
Q.
Out.
Glaiiford, Ont.
Graiiby, Q.
Giielph, Out.
Hamilton, *'
Howick, Ist,
" 2d,
Indian Lands,
Invtrness,
Kelvin,
Kineston,
Iranark Village, "
Listowel, "
London, "
Manilla, "
Markliam and
Uiiionville, "
Marlintowu and
Koxboro', "
Meaford, "
Melbourne, Q
Middleton and
Rosetta, "
Molesworth, "
Montreal, Zion, Q.
" Amherst
street, "
Newcastle, Ont,
New Durham, "
Newmarki't, "
Norwichville, "
Oro, 1st, "
" 2d, "
Osprey, "
Ottawa, "
Owen aound, "
l\aris, "
Pine Grove, "
Quebec, Q.
baruia, Out,
8augeen,Indian, "
S^ootland, "
yhirbrooke and
Lenuosville, Q.
1844
1830
183.J
18ar>
1861
1869
182y
1844
1854
1849
1853
1862
1837
lS4o
1829
182n
186U
1837
1852
1866
1832
1867
1854
1842
1862
1841
1844
1861
186U
1855
1848
1841
1S40
1848
Simcoe,
Sauthwold,
Hpecd.-ide,
St. Andrews,
riianstead,
Stouffville,
Stratford,
Out.
It
Out.
Thistletown,
Tiverton,
Toronto, Zion,
" Bond St.,
" Northern,
Turnberry,
Vankleek Hill,
Vespra,
Warwick,
Waterville,
Whilby,
Windsor,
Wroxeter,
Out
Q.
Ont,
1835
18,35
184;i
1842
1843
1.838
1816
1842
1846
1859
1856
183 i
184y
1868
18011
1867
ls3y
1862
. 1843
187D
, 1865
Anthony McGill,
James Howell, p.
\Vm. F. Clarke, p.
Thomas Pullar, p.
S(>lomon Snider, p.
.S l.imon Snider, p.
\V. M Peacock, p.
N(tl;e.
None. No report.
K. M. Fenwick, p.
Richard Lewis, p.
Ludwick Kribs,
Jas. A. R. Dick80n,p.
Dugald McGregor, p.
'35
'44
■'33
'49
'49
'69
D.-iniel Macallum, p. '52
None.
None.
John Campbell, p.
'65
-fames Douglas, p. '65
Ludwick Kribs, p. '42
Henry Wilkes, D.D.,
LL.D., p. '32
John Fraser,
None. No report.
None. No report.
None. No report.
None. No report.
■I. G. Sanderson, p. '62
J G. Sanderson, p. '62
None. No report.
Edward Ebbs, p. '4.3
Robert Robinson, p. '45
\V. H. Allworth, p. '48
Wm. W. Smith, p. '65
Henry D. Powis, p. '53
None. No report.
J. .•injccahbo. No re-
port. '60
William Hay, p. '48
Archibald Puff, p. '41
Robert Parsons, p. '69
J. I. Hindley, B.A., p.' 69
Wm. F.Clarke, p. '44
None.
.]. Rogers, No report. ^dl
Benjamin W. Day, p. '62
Evan C. W. McColl,
B.A , p. '6S
William W. Smith, '65
Xeil Mackinnon, p. '47
John G. Manly, p. '34
Francis H.Marling,p.'48
None.
Solomon Snider, p. '49
No rep 'rt.
J. G Smderson, p. '62
John Salmon, B. A., p. '62
George Purkis, p. '67
Samuel T. Gibbs, p. '44
John Campbell, p. '55
Solomon Snider, p. '49
CH. memb'rs.
Admt'd
Removals
BAPT. '«
.
■a
May 6. 1870.
'69-70.
1869-70,
'69-70. W
Churches.
Place and Name.
13
MiNISTERg.
Name.
•
^
A
^
^
£
o
c
o
if
tc
£
9
P.
<
e
O
C
'■J
a
fc
<
J i-
j^
-
r^
r^
<\a
4
10
25
6
158
86
120
98
124
30
12
45
89
41
39
141
56
62
14
29
73
12
419
21
131
123
15
70
39
19
9
28
160
108
21
30
87
34
36
12
8
51
6
3
0 2
18
4'15
1
0
11
114
140
218
33
60
79
154
75
21
154
18
223
17
526
172
67
46
114
82
167
56
130
160
15
97
20
89
68
1.^9
94
288
406
445
Un
Vn
Un
35
53
16
1 8; I.] Statistics. — N. S. ; C. B. ; N.B.; Jmnaica.
175
Other Ministers.
John Armour, Kelvin, Ont.
Thoni.18 I?nl;er, Toronto, Ont.
E.T. Bromficld Toronto, Ont.
llol)ert Biirchill, Georgetown,
(.)nl.
James T. Byrne, Whitby,
Ont.
Wm. Clarke, Paris, Ont.
treorge Cornish. M. A., Prof.
Cong. Coll., Montreal, Que.
D. Dunkerly, Durham, Que.
John Durant, Strafford, Ont.
Hamuel N. Jackson, Montreal,
Que.
Stephen King, Ryckman's
Corners, Ont.
John McKillican, Danville,
Que.
James Middleton, Salem, Ont.
P. P. Osunkerhine, Penetan-
guishene, Ont.
A. J. Parker, Dunville, Que.
J. 8. Patti.son,Inverne.ss,Que.
James Porter, Toronto, Out.
E. J. Robinson.
Alexander Sim, M.A., Frank-
lin, Que.
R. T. Thomas, Toronto, Ont.
Arthur Wickson, ll.d., To-
ronto. Ont.
W. Wright, Muskoka Falls,
Ont.
Licentiates.
No report.
SUMM.'XKY. — Churches: 57 with pastors; 11 with stated supplies; 18 vacant. Total, 86.
Mini.sters: 45 pastors; 8 stated supplies; 22 others. Total, 75. Licentiates, none re-
ported.
Church Members: 1,644 males; 2,634 females; 229 not specified. Total, 4,507, — in-
cluding '.iOS absent. Oain, 37 .
Additions in 1869-70 : 347 by profession ; 136 by letter. Total, 483.
Ke.movals in 1869-70: 42 by death; 119 by dismissal; 74 by excommunication (or drop-
ped). Total, 235.
Bapti^;ms in 1869-70: 25 adult; .343 infant. In Sabbath Schools: 6,224. Loss, 76.
Benevolent Contributions (62 churches, 58 last year) : Denominational object.s, $6,382;
Foreign and other missions, $1,505; other objects, $2,746. Total, $10,633, a decrease
of $4,446. Local Objects, $44,522, an increase of $703. Another church reports $290
for objects not specified.
Seventy-eight churches report as follows : Church Property : 80 edifices, of the value of
$281,230, with 21,510 sittings; 13 parsonages ;.40 of the edifices arc reported to be insured.
Sixty-seven churches report: 114 regular stations, 130 regular Sabbath services, 64 week
day services, 8,622 i»ttendance at chief stations, 12,648 attendance at all stations.
CH.^NGES. — Churches : New or replaced, — Glanford; Howick. 2d ; Windsor. Dropped
from the list (the Union having erased the names of merely nominal churches), — Arran
West; Bill Ewart; Erin; Hawksbury ; Hillsburg; Little Warwick; Ma.-'sawi|jpi ; Moore-
town (a chapel connected with Sarnia); Orangeville; Phillipsbnrg; P(>rt Hope; Port
Stanley; Russelltown ; Stewarttowu ; 'i'l-pfnli/m- i^hnnnp<i nf nmno — t<v-inirwi w v.,.™
Speedside ; Kincardine is now Tiverton
bury East is now Edgeworth.
Minis I'ER.s : No report.
ORG.XNIZATION. — Most of the churches are united in the Congregational Union or
Ontario and Quebec.
NOVA SCOTIA, CAPE BRETON, AND NEW BRUNSWICK.
We h.ive again failed to secure these statistics, but from no lack of effort. We suppose
tliat our former excellent correspondent has removed. The totals of year before last will be
found in our summaries.
wu ; Trefalgar. Changes of name, — Erumnsa is now
vertou; Lanark 1st is now Middleton and Uosetta; Till-
JAMAICA, WEST INDIES.
Churches. "2
'c
Place and Name. ^
5
Ministers. -d
.£
Name, 'p
C
0
S
3
CH. memb'rs.
Aug. 1, 1870.
Admt'd
'69-70.
Removals
1S6D-70.
EAPT.x
E3
'09-70. 0
fci
<
0
c
X
0
V
J
<
0
r.
i 2
<
IB
1— j
Brainaid, 1841
Brandon Hill,
Chesterfield,
Eliot,
Providence,
John Thompson,
S. B. Wilson,
C. B. Venning,
C. C. Starbuck,
d. B. Wilson,
49
49
116
116
165
76
104
67
48
450
2
0
8
1
11
3
0
4
1
8
5
0
12
2
7
5
4
1
2
1
0
1
0
6
8
1
1
2
1
1
6
7
•J
7
2
9
130
70
80
88
50
Total, 6 chs., 4
ministers.
9ri
14
28
418
SUMMARY. — As above. Gain of members. 7. Loss in Sabbath Schools, 10. Benevolent
CoNiuiEunoNS: Brainard, $200; Brandon Hill, $65; Chesterfield, $107.37; Eliot, $59.41;
Providence, $33.15. Total, $464.93.
ClIANGES. —None. These ministers are missionaries of the American Missionary.
Association.
176
Missionaries.
[Jan.
CONGREGATIONAL MISSIONARIES, December, 1870.
CONNECTED WITH THE A. B. C. F. M ;
Gaboon, "West Africa:
William Walker.
SonTH Africa:
Elijah Robbins.
Hyman A. Wilder.
Stephen C. Pisley.
Henry SI. Bridguian.
David Kood.
William Ireland.
William Mellen.
Josiah Tyler.
Aldin Grout.
Western Turkey :
Edwin E. Bliss, D. D.
Andrew T Pratt, M. D.
William W. Livingston.
Ira F. Pettlbone.
Joseph K. Greene.
Julius Y. Leonard.
John F. Smith.
Geo. F. Herrick.
Wilson A. Farnsworth.
Lyman Bartlett.
John O. Barrows.
Ebropean Torket :
Henry A. Schauffer.
James F. Clarke.
Henry C. Haskell.
Charles F. Morse.
Henry P. Page.
William E. Locke.
Central Tdrkey :
Lucien H. Adams.
Giles F. Montgomery.
Philander O Powers.
Carrai C. Thayer.
Henry Marden.
Eastern Torkey :
George C. Knapp.
Lysander T. Burbank.
Moses P. Parraelee.
Crosby H. Wheeler.
Royal M. Cole.
John E. Pierce.
Theodore S. Pond.
Persia :
Benjamin Labaree, jr.
Western India :
Allen Hazen.
William Wood.
Henry J. Bruce.
Samuel B. Fairbank.
Charles Harding.
W. H. Atkinson.
Spencer R. W^ells.
Charles W. Park.
Richard Winsor,
Madura, South India :
George T. Washburn.
Joseph T. Noyes.
William B. Capron.
Thomas 8. Burnell,
James Herrick.
Thornton B. Penfleld.
Ceylon:
William W. Howland.
Levi Lpaulding, d.d.
John C. Smith.
Marshall D. Sanders.
William E. De liiemer.
FoocHow, CmNA :
Lyman B. Peet.
Charles Hartwell.
North China :
Charles A. Stanley.
Henry Blodget.
Chauncey Goodrich.
John T. Gulick.
Mark Williams.
Thomas W. Thompson.
Isaac Pierson.
Japan :
Daniel C. Greene.
Oramel H. Gulick.
Sandwich Islands :
Titus Coan.
David B. Lyman.
Elias Bond.
John o. Paris.
Dwight Baldwin, m. d.
William P. Alexander.
L. H. Gulick. M. d.
Lowell Smith, d. d.
Ephraim W. Clark.
Benjamin W . Parker.
James W. Smith, M. D.
Daniel Dole.
Micronesia :
A. A. Sturgis.
Benjamin G. Snow.
Hiram Bingham, jr.
Dakotas :
Alfred L. Riggs.
Not connected with the
Board :
Cyrus Hamlin, d.d., Pres
of Robert Coll., Constautl
nople.
Daniel Bliss, d.d., Pres
Syrian Piot. Coll., Beiriit
George Washburn, Prof, in
Robert Coll., Constantino'
pie.
Artemas Bishop, Honolulu
Sand. Isl.
Peter J. Gulick, Honolulu
Sand. Isl.
Henry H. Parker, Honolulu
Sand. Isl.
For method of sending letters, and amount of postage, see cover of Missionary Herald
monthly.
CONNECTED WITH THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION :
Jamaica :
Four, as in tables.
Mendi, West Africa :
G. P. Claflin.
Sandwich Islaons :
J. 8. Green, Makawao.
J. P. Green, Makawao.
At Home, and among the
Fkeedmkn :
Given in the tables.
I87I.]
Summaries of Statistics.
177
SUMMARY I. — Chuuchks, Ministers, and Reported Contributions
IN 1870- '
CHURCHES.
MINISTERS.
With Pastors.
Vacant.
'
In pastoral work.
X
'^P
Benevolent
STATES, ETC.
CO
bt< ^
-c
>>.:
'6
IS
.
Contribu-
0
.E 0
0 ac
^1
<
. 0
Or:
^
H
5 "
0
•5 =
<
0
.5 "
0 I.
tions
Reported.
o,
■^X
0
02.2
v.
0
0
s,
V2
H
^a
a
Alabama,
0
3
0 3
0
0
0| 3
0
3
0
3
0
3
$51.90
Arkansas,*
0
1
0
1
C
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
1
California,
12
31
0
43
0
9
9
52
12
28
0
40
16
56
9,053.03
(Jolorado,
0
2
0
2
0
4
4
6
0
2
0
2
0
2
84.45
Conneeticiit,
107
70
0
227
3
60
63
290
158
69
0
227
121
348
223,438.86
Dakota,
1
3
0
4
0
0
0
4
1
1
0
2
0
2
52.55
Dist. of Col.,
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
11
12
505.00
Georgia,
2
1
0
3
0
1
1
4
1
2
0
3
0
3
167.00
Illinois,
39
128
0
167
14
63
i /
244
39
108
0
147
84
231
63,697.33
liuliaiia.
0
10
0
15
1
10
11
26
4
8
0
12
/
19
Iowa,
7
158
0
165
2
30
32
197
7
121
0
128
49
177
12,082 63
Kansas,
6
44
0
60
2
8
10
60
6
36
0
42
20
62
3,456.12
Kentucky,
2
1
0
3
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
4
2
6
655.30
Loui.«iana,
4
8
0
12
0
0
0
12
4
8
0
12
9
21
Maine,
65
96
0
161
32
48
80
241
61
82
0
143
30
173
33,520.00
Maryland.
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
MaBsacliusetts,
294
119
0
413
6
83
89
502
298
117
0
415
200
615
337.819.62
Michigan,
12
113
0
125
9
43
52
177
11
101
0
112
46
158
16,713.01
Minnesota,
/
49
0
56
2
12
14
70
7
37
0
44
14
58
4,287.07
Mississippi,
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
2
0
2
70.00
Missouri,
6
45
0
51
1
9
10
61
6
37
0
43
12
55
7,266.30
Nebraska,
0
16
0
16
0
7
7
23
0
13
0
13
5
18
New Hampshire,
71
65
0
136
6
43
49
185
72
65
0
137
47
184
38,199.03
New Jersey,
8
7
0
15
0
1
1
16
8
6
0
14
12
26
13,262.00
New York,
62
98
0
160
31
65
96
256
62
88
0
InO
63
213
62,119.00
North Carolina,
1
2
0
3
0
0
0
3
1
2
0
3
0
3
20.50
Ohio,
28
112
0
140
11
50
61
201
26
94
0
120
51
171
48,125.00
Oregon,
0
7
0
7
0
1
1
8
0
7
0
7
4
11
226.45
Pennsylvania,
6
31
0
37
0
33
33
70
6
28
0
34
5
39
Rhode Island,
10
11
0
21
0
4
4
25
10
11
0
21
10
31
17,074.00
South Carolina,
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
Tennessee,
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
4
0
4
3.56.00
Texas,
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
1
2
3
25.00
Vermont,
74
83
0
157
6
36
42
199
74
83
0
157
56
213
43,154.79
Virginia,
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
3
0
3
Washington Ter,,
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
100.00
M'^isconsin,
21
110
0
131
3
30
33
164
21
98
0
119
49
168
18,998.82
Wyoming,
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
75.00
Missionaries,
903
1438
0
2341
129
651
780
3121
901
1269
0
2170
928
96
3194
Totals, U. S.
$954,555.76
Ont. and Que.,
57
11
0
68
0
18
18
86
45
8
0
53
22
75
$10,633.00
New Brunswick,*
1
3
0
4
0
1
1
5
1
3
0
4
0
4
Nova Scotia,*
—
7
7
0
1
1
8
6
6
0
6
Jamaica,
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
4
0
4
464.93
Totals, No. Am.
961
1457
7
2425
129
671
800
3225
947
1284
6
2237
950
3283
$965,663.69
In the above table, note, — 1. The numbers in the third and eleventh columns of figures,
"not specified," do not distinguish between pastors and acting pastors. '
2. Most of the churches '• not supplied " have regular public worship, but no one minister
engaged for continuous service; generally in the interval between pastorates.
3. The number of ministers '"not In pastoral work," includes only those who are mem-
bers of some Association or Conference. When persons not thus members cease to be in
pastoral work, they necessarily cease to be reported.
4. "Benevolent Contributions" do not include any parish expenses, endowments of col-
leges, etc. Such items are partially given in the summaries of the several States.
* Last year's report.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. I. 12
178
Stnmnaries of Statistics.
[Jan.
SUMMARY II. — Membership in 1870, with Additions, Removals, and
Baptisms duking the pkeceding Statistical Year.
CUUKCH MEMBERS.
AD]
f^ITIO.
1)
kj
■*^
1
,
cc
"3
a
-<
C
43
»4
IS
u
r-
<
fr. ■"
ij I
>i9
<
H
O
REMOVALS.
BAPT'S.
CO
i rt
ft. 2
s
o
•<
o
"3
c
.2
c
s
f£ 1-
<5
.J
o
o
s
•-1CB
n
■*.
m
Ala-
Ark:,*
<al.,
Co!.,
Conn.,
Dak.,
r>. C,
ClL-O.,
111.,
Irid.,
Icwa,
Kan.,
K.V.,
l,uu.,
Me.,
Md.,*
M:i8S.,
:Mich.,
Minn.,
Miss.,
Mo.,
ISeb.,
N . H.,
K. J.,
X. Y.,
N.C.,
Ohio,
t)r.,
Penn.,
K. I.,
S. C,
Tenn.,
I'exaa,
Ver.,
^'^•' ^
"NVa. T.,
Wis.,
Wyo..
40 1
816
71
16,446i
121
124
921
6,9401
4.i5
4,061 1
836
124
451
5.931
43
24,915
4,143
1,289
26
1,001
244
5,617
645
9,098
28
6,271
1S9
422
1,196
63
93
11
6,244
16
9
3,942
8
43
1,481
67
32,744
27
141
119
11,687
726
6. .361
1,146
175
534
13,756
35
65,151
7,427
2,000
34
1,351
327
12,972
1,191
16,817
23
10,729
276
699
2,898
130
132
15
12..389
17
18
7.387
12
U. 8.,
O. &Q.
K. B„*
N. 8.,*
Jam.,
101,901 200.92;
1,644
143
183
49
2,634
240
362
116
83
71
2,342
138
49,189
56
265
211
18,6.S0
1,181
10,422
2,250
299
985
19,687
78
80 066
11,570
3,2!i9
60
2.464
671
18.589
1.836
25,915
51
17,000
465
3.998
4,094
193
225
26
18,756
47
27
11.329
20
15
370
27
4,791
2
26
1,976
79
875
157
44
73
3,565
16
11,983
958
405
6
191
40
3,437
1.35
2,041
•2
89
589
15
39
8
3,117
5
3
1,507
3
306 518 36,590
4,507
545
460
296
58
34
17
196
1
1,250
5
28
61
1,143
123
730
142
28
76
489
2,381
840
301
20
354
76
776
78
1,409
19
1,161
39
127
172
11
28
1
789
1
0
625
4
249
39
1,344
28
76
1
1,23S
84
780
330
10
14
241
2,476
240
5
349
126
410
233
791
18
709
93
110
4
6
2
434
14
3
466
3
]3,.501|11,636
347
11
136
8
K.Am. ,103,920 204.279 312,403 36,977 13.859 ll,78u 25.646 4,496 10,217|706 15,44316.360 5.477 369 ,227
22
445
40
2 594
33
104
62
2,381
20'
1.510
471
38
90
730
4,857
1,622
541
25
703
202
1,136
311
2,200
37
1.870
62
220
28-.
16
Z\
3
1.223
16
3
1.091
16
1
855
0
2
10
191
16
93
16
7
13
318
1,359
124
37
0
19
5
334
22
328
1
181
6
15
47
314
0
0
93
0
;5,i3:
4,440
483
26
42
14
185
1,388
0
6
2
975
44
535
85
2
24
346
2,308
548
154
4
95
26
399
73
871
0
772
13
49
168
7
3
4
450
0
1
536
3
10.090
119
28
3
0
137
0
0
1
34
0
67
5
3
5
21
82
43
16
1
3
4
13
3
69
0
61
5
4
6
2
4
0
15
0
0
19
0
626
74
10
204
8
2,380
0
8
13
1,200
60
695
106
12
42
685
3,749
715
207
5
117
35
746
98
1,292
1
1,014
24
68
221
17
10
7
779
0
1
648
3
11
46
1
583
4
12
53
473
53
252
51
26
53
329
1,218
441
115
14
\Vi
8
458
15
692
3
46;
23
80
1
28
1
465
1
0
240
3
15,180 6,335
235
25
164
3
866
0
10
16
381
18
264
57
1
56
143
1,103
198
84
1
67
26
198
88
446
0
314
12
27
70
19
7
12
269
0
5
201
3
325
5,156
178
48,676
*no
1,141
710
26,153
1,429
10,429
3,410
430
681
22,192
216
93,144
15,999
4,175
175
4,3a8
768
22,635
3,083
27,344
447
19,937
779
5,083
5,623
14j
585
110
20,219
200
65
15,310
5,134 361,465
3431
6,224
378
742
418
In the above table, note, — 1. The "totals" of church memberg, additions, and removals, in
several States, and so in the footings, exceed the sum of particulars; because the " total" i.s
occasionally given, with no report of the particulars whose addition nuikes such "totals."
The particulars are slightly less, as reported, than they ought to be.
2. The " excommunications " sometimes include, though not with strict accuracy, the num-
ber of persons whose names are dropped from church lists on account of long absence.
3. In " Sabbath Schools," Iowa reports the " average atlend.ince " only.
4. The names of churches making no report are inseitcd in their proper place; and for all
of them, — although against the names the several columns are left blank, — past reports of
membership (if any are found within three years) are included in the summaries of the
respective States. But the report of " additions," " removals," and "b.iptisms" is (as usual
too small by just the number those churches might have reported.
* Last year's report.
1 871] Summaries of Statistics, 179
SUMMAEY Iir.— Changes m the Statistical Year 1.S69-70.
CHURCHES.
MINISTERS.
Satjbath
^
A
Schools.
Contributions.
^
0
No.
Memb's.
Pastorate. 1
Okdi'ns
Deaths]
LiCEN.
M
CD
<
r- '•
0
s
2
.9
'3
X
m
0
■6
"a
'11
V
T3
s
E
0
1
■.J
C3
10
a
>>
0
i
a
■5
00
00
0
d
0
a:
0
M
'A
ft
0
0
h- )
5
5
Dh
M
CU
0
H
P
li
^
I— (
Q
Ala.,
2
0
46
95
,
Ark.,
0
0
Cal.,
5
1
221
3
0
4
0
1
.
22
• •
$637.17
Col.,
1
0
33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
,
Conn.,
1
1
,
74
9
16
0
23
9
4
0
8
34
•
210
20.206.63
• •
■Dalv.,
3
0
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D. C,
0
0
77
0
1
0
0
0
1
971
,
(Teo.,
0
0
44
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
230
•
III..
6
6
17.T
b
0
0
6
6
3
0
3
8
1,124
•
liid.,
1
1
37
0
2
0
4
0
2
0
0
176
Iowa,
15
7
748
1
2
0
3
1
3
5
.
43
a ,
3,374.37
Kan.,
11
0
644
1
6
0
3
1
0
0
2
1,266
,
1.123.56
, ,
Ky.,
1
0
46
18.5
,
Lou.,
•2
0
414
1
2
111
,
Me.,
5
1
,
125
3
4
0
4
2
1
0
6
60
,
256
• •
4.893.00
Md.,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mass.,
6
4
9
16
26
9
46
16
5
9
14
66
•
*700
37.726.82
, ^
Mioli.,
6
4
686
3
0
1
1
0
1
4
,
212
8,892.83
Minn.,
2
0
261
1
2
0
2
1
109
•
1,22S.8'3
, ,
Miss.,
1
0
21
75
,
Mo.,
9
4
527
4
0
0
1
0
1
1
769
,
4,390.91
• 1
Neb.,
9
1
183
0
0
0
0
,
90
N. H.,
1
1
480
3
9
0
8
3
1
0
1
8
,
110
, ,
1,426.57
N. J.,
2
]
111
1
2
1
1
0
1
575
,
5,942.00
_ ,
N.Y.,
8
4
467
1
8
0
6
1
1
0
3
5
,
1,120
« ,
69,782.00
N.C.,
3
0
51
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
447
,
Ohio,
14
2
384
2
2
0
1
2
1
0
3
5
1,401
•
■ •
3,202.00
Or.,
0
0
33
1
41
,
Penn.,
2
1
46
1
1
1
,
33
R.I.,
0
0
69
0
1
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
231
.
« •
147.00
B.C.,
0
0
23
70
Tenn.,
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
,
560
Texas,
1
1
,
1.56
.
10
Ver.,
3
0
163
0
7
0
15
2
4
u
2
7
892
•
• •
3,085.31
Va.,
1
1
9
0
C
0
0
130
,
Wa. T..
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
•
10
Wis.,
3
5
459
4
1
8
1
2
,
538
• •
60.05
Wyo.,
0
124
0
4
47
104
10
130
47
40
10
47
199
•
25
U. 8.,
46
6,156
!4.9i;3
•
76
O.&Q.
3
15
31
• •
4,446.00
N. B.,
N. 8.,
Jam.,
C
C
7
•
10
N.Am.
127
6
6,194
1
1
4.887
The above table is incomplete, but each year witnesses an increased number of State
minutes which report these items in a form to be understood. For those not reporting them,
we have collated lists of this and last year, or have searched our Quarterly Record ; in which
cases we have assumed the statistical year to have end«d with the month next preceding the
annual meetings of the respective General Associations. A list of all new churches, and of
all churches dropped from the tables, is given with the summary of each State.
No State is dropped from the list this year; Nijrth Carolina is inserted.
* Massachusetts was by error last year given 5,000 too high, which also affected the totals of
Sabbath Schools.
i8o
Summaries of Statistics.
[Jan.
SUMMAEY rv. — Statistical Summaries of the Congregational
Churches in the United States as published 1858-1871, for the
YEARS 1857-1871.
c
•-5
CHURCHES.
MINISTERS.
With Ministers.
Vacant.
-a
.
In Pastoral Work.
*^
OQ
S 2
c
Total
Churches
i-2
fto
592
>i w
< H
1^
•6
o
■s
s
m
u
o
X
Cm
•So
w
"5
. o
a,
3 :
•6
<
H
O
o
m
-3
ft
m
hi
■<
f
o
1857 1858
947
592
229
1,768
503
44
2 315
953
562
216
1,731
27
2,350
1858 1859
894
690
253
1,837
472
60
2.369
907
617
222
1.746
625
38
2,409
1859 1860
861
594
548
2,003
390
178
2.671
87«
523
457
1.858
496
»)
2,444
1860 1861
898
694
454
2.046
637
0
2.583
899
618
375
1.892
649
93
2,634
18611862
92:3
1,044
130
2,097
458
0
2,556
931
812
206
1.941
628
109
2,678
1862 1863
890
894
318
2.102
478
0
2,580
904
804
201
1,909
663
116
2,688
1863 1864
835
725
597
2,157
495
0
2.652
838
602
418
1.858
632
2(i3
2,693
1864 1865
878
1,026
198
2,102
566
0
2,668
876
875
145
1,896
753
149
2,798
1865 1866
837
789
433
2.059
605
59
2.773
792
784
310
1,886
875
41
2.802
1866 181)7
852
1.032
221
2,105
66
559
625
50
2,780
862
912
171
1,945
859
19
2,823
1867 1S6S
869
1,224
56
2,149
66
592
658
18
2,825
872
1,079
45
1,996
881
0
2,87T
1868 '1869
890
1.362
46
2,298
115
538
653
0
2,951
892
1,191
36
2,119
850
0
2,969
1869 1870
903
1,365
58
2,326
112
605
717
0
3,043
900
1,184
49
2,133
935
0
3,068
1870;i871
903
1,438
0
2.341
129
6.51
780
0
3,121
901
1,269
0
2,170
928
0
3,093
Note. — The columne of " Ministers " do not include Foreign Missionaries.
ADDITIONS
REMOVALS
BAPT'S
,
CHURCH MEMBERS.
the tear preced-
THE
YEAR PRECED-
tlie year
B
C8
ING.
ING.
preceding
go
•6
1
a
-a
3
o
"a
in
■J
<
4^
a
o
o o
<
o
6.2
s
o
o
<
O
-5
^
2
fa
H
<1
c^ "
hJ
H
«
a
W
H
<
1— (
lai? lais
224,732
6,913
6,592
13,505
.3,110
6,076
465, 9,651
19.5,572
1858 l«;i
2-<5.369
12,812
7,950
21 ,,582
3,;J03
6,,8.59
440| 10,(i02
207,815
1859 ISiitl
73,736
142,625
2.50,4.52
27,691
25,202
9,569
34,9.54
3.5;W
8,067
654i 12,.34;',
I0,52il
.5,601
22S,9.84
18B0 1«1
r9,.S93
156,871
253,765
29,048
7,486
7,.3.'i5
14.821
3,6U
6,1»15
6491 11,225
3,0.50
4.812
242.823
1861 l.S(a
81,196
158,237
2.5A,(i:M
32,180
5,522
6,629
12.151
3,708
6,280
.5511 Ul,.539
2,151
4..54t
246,178
1862 18(i-!
80,7.>8
161,490
2.57,191
3.3,26<>
6,196
6,4.33
12.i;2'.l
3.'.I08
5,.376
61(i! 9,9(:W
2,464
4.1,".-.
25il,s00
180'. 18r,4
83,551
164,0.37
260,2,84
30,.8.54
7,765
6,243
]4..3rs
4,244
5,457
7551 10,4.56
3,3.6
4,122
2.-.7,9.'!4
18(34 isi;.".
S(;.571
171,145
262,649
.34,068
9,0.32
6,777
i5,M):i
4. '.Kill
5,739
622! 11,261
4,02.'
4,i,;i
277,393
i8<ii IS";.;
84,715
171,(»S
26.3,Lf«
34,244
11,0.30
7,393
ls.41.'
4.7-il
6,.578
644, ll,!t61
4,9, 4
4, Mi
27.',6S4
186U i.si;r
a5,7Sl
174,.3>3
2'i",4.>3
32,9sl
11,249
8,59:;
)9.'.i:i4
4.;mi
8,366
614 13,360
5,221
4,(177
2,S(;,275
1867 IHliS
91 ,'.45
184,2.>4
27X,?r,->
34,0.56
]8,,849
10,771
'j9,(:".s
4.212
9,356
703
14.271
8,59S
4,94:1
313,4,'30
1868 lHi;!l
97.090
193,6.36
291,042
.34,915
16,4:«
11,814
2S,246
4,309
10,479
860
:5,(J48
7, ,869
4,944
339.205
1869 isrii
9.8,1(«
196,8l),i
;!IK),.3i;2
35,.':64
1.5,167
12,078
1-7,373
4,.3S(;
10.761
642
I5,,S01
7,094
5,(t2
.356,502
1870 18?]
1»I ,'.Kn
200,92/
,306,518
.36,.5:K)
13,.501
11,&36
25.1.37
4,440
10,09(1
626
15,180
6,.3.'i5
.5,l:i4
.361,405
The above tahle, limited to the United States, is substituted for the last year's table, which
included the British Provinces and Jamaica. Occasion has been taken to revise the sum-
maries of each year, and to make some corrections. These corrections consist in adding to
the early reports of Sabbath Schools the reports of some non-reporting States, which were
unaccountably omitted ; in making considerable additions to the church membership in 1861
and 1862, for churches not reported but found in 1860 and 1863, and in dropping from the
years in which they appeared, all '• plan of union " and Independent churches, as never
rightfully inserted. These corrections lower the rate of increase in the past decade, but have
the merit of truth.
1 8/ 1.] Swmnaties of Statistics. i8i
EEMARKS UPON THE ANNUAL (U. S.) STATISTICS.
Churches. — Number of churches, 78 gain.
Tbe number of churches unsupplied by Congregational ministers Is 63 more than last
year. The number supplied by licentiates, or men of other denominations, is 17 more than
last year. The number unsupplied is 46 more than last year.
The jicistorate shows the same number of churches. The churches having acting pastors
(Congregational ministers), 15 more than last year, — considering those as " acting pastors "
last year who were then " not specified."
The number of church members gains 6,156.
The additions by profession are 1,666 less than in the preceding year; by letter, 442 less.
The deaths are .01475 of the membership at the beginning of the year; for five years pre-
vious, respectively, .01778, .01653, .01578, .01547, .01478.
Infant Baptisms are more numerous than in any other year of the last ten.
Sabbath Schools show a gain of 4,963.
Benevolent Contributions are, as usual, imperfectly reported; 2,341 churches reporting
$954,555.76, while 2.351 churches last year reported $986,014.87. The unaccountable report
from New York, in which 149 churches this year report $62,119, while 173 churches the
previous year reported $131,901, explains the decrease.
Ministers. — The number of ministers (exclusive of foreign missionaries) shows an
increase of 30. The increase is among those engaged in pastoral work. Had we kept on
our list the names of men not in pastoral work and not members of any Association or
Conference, the number " not in pastoral work " would be very considerably larger. But
we have no authority to insert names of men not reported by the several State Associ.itions
or Conferences ; nor to strike out names from the list furnished. If any person is surprised
to find his name omitted, he should report himself to the Congregational body in his State.
Nor would the nominal addition of names of men who are not in ministerial work nor
members of any Congregational organization, give a fair estimate of our ministerial re-
sources.
The Supply. — We have 651 actually " vacant " churches, against 605 last year. For 129
more we have to rely on licentiates, Presbyterians, Baptists, etc., and we call these also
"vacant." We have 928 ministers " not in pastoral service." This number provides our
Presidents and Professors in Colleges, Academies, and Theological .Sclio'>ls ; our Secretaries
and Agents of Benevolent Societies; our county and city missionaries; and our officials in
Asylums. Not a few are aged, and many are in secular business. For instance, Michigan
reports 46; of these, 14 are professors, teachers, agents, etc. ; 16 are in business; and 9 are
" retired" or disabled, — leaving 7 available. Massachusetts reports 200 ; of these, 28 are
professors, teachers, etc.; 31 are secretaries, agents, etc.; 6 are editors; 22 are in business;
and 56 (at least) are " retired," — leaving (possibly) 57 available, for 89 vacant churches.
That this lack is not felt in Massachusetts, is because many of the secretaries, professors,
and men in business, habitually occupy pulpits from Sabbath to Sabbath. If the whole
number were divided according to the proportion in Massachusetts, it would give 262 avail-
able ministers, with 651 churches actually vacant, and 129 more supplied by Presbyterians,
etc.; or, if the proportion was the same as in Michigan, 140 available. Doubtless, however,
many States would show a more favorable proportion. At the same time, 171 ministers are
supplying two churches each. But it should be remembered that some churches are mere-
ly nominal (from 40 to 50 are dropped annually), and that some are too weak even to secure
more than transient missionary labor.
There seems, therefore, to be a great want of ministers, to supply even existing churches.
But, in addition to those on our list, there is a considerable number who are not members of
Associations, whose services are available. It should also be remembered that many of
those " in business," excellent and useful men, have been driven there by the fastidiousness
of churches, or want of support; as well as not a few of those we count as " retired."
A ten-year view we shall give in our next number, if the U. 8. census shall then give
official reports of population. A. H. Q.
1 82
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan.
LIST OF CONGREGATIONAL MINISTERS IN NORTH AMERICA.
,W1TH THEIR LATEST KNOWN POST-OFFICE ADDRESS.
Explanations. — This list is made up from the names given in the Minutes of the several
General Associations and Conferences, and includes no others unless coming from tlie proper
statistical authorities in the respective States ; but additions and omissions have been made
to meet pastoral changes since the issue of the ilinutes. — Licentiates are not included ; nor
(intentionally) ministers of any other denomination, though supplying a Congregational
church. — In searching for names of various spellings, see each form. All contracted names,
like •' Mc," are arranged according to the contracted spelling. — This list sometimes differs
from the tables, because corrected to the last moment before printing. — Xames without P. O.
address, are followed by the name of State (in parenthesis) which reports them. — This list is
sometimes inaccurate. Where a man is reported as living in three States at once, it requires
uncommon discrimination to settle the difficulty. — For addresses of Foreign Missionaries,
see directions on the cover of the Missionary Herald, monthly; letters being forwarded by
the Missionary House, Boston
Abbe. Frederick R., Boston, Mass.
Abbott, Amos, Nashua, X. H.
Abbott, Edward, Cambridgeport, Mass.
Abbott, Ephraim E. P.. Meriden, X. H.
Abbott, E. F., Westmoreland, N. H.
Abbott, George N.. Newbury. Vt.
Abbott, Jarob J., Yarmouth, Me.
Abbott. John S. C, Fair Haven, Ct.
Abbott, Lyman. Cornwall, N. Y.
Abbott. T.C., Lansing. Mich.
Abornethy, Henry C, Lockport. 111.
Adair, Samuel L., Osawatomie, Kan.
Adams. Aaron C. WelherstieUl, Ct.
Adams, Amos B., Benzonia, Mich.
Adams, C. C, Seward, 111.
Adams, Daniel E., Wilton, N. H.
Adams, Darwin, Groton, Mass.
Adams, Edwin A., North Manchester, Ct.
Adams, Kpl raim, Decorah, lo.
Adams, Franklin W., Lathrop, Mo.
Adams, George E., Orange, N. J.
Adams, George M., Portsmouth, N. H.
Adams, Harvey, New Hampton, lo.
Adams, John, Hillsboro' Centre, N. H.
Adams, John C, Falmouth, Me.
Adams, Jonathan E., Searsport, Me.
Adams, Lucien H., A. B. C. F. M., Central
Tiirkey.
Adams, L. P.. Fitch B.iy, Que.
Adams, Nehemiah, Boston, ifass.
Adams. Thomas, Kiverside, Me.
Adams, William W., Fall River, Mass.
Adamson, William 8., Ansonia, Ct.
Aiken, .James, North Carver, Mass.
Aikin, William P., Rutland, Vt.
Albee, .'■olon, Middlcbury, Vt.
Alcott, William P., North Greenwich, Ct.
Alden, Ebenezer, Jr., Marehtield, Mass.
Alden, E. J., Medina, O.
Alden, Edmund K., South Boston, Mass.
Alden, Edwin H., Afton, Minn.
Alden. Lucius, Newcastle, N. H.
Aldrich, Jeremiah K., Groton, Mass.
Alexander, Walter S., Racine, Wis.
Alexander. William P., A. B. C. F. M., Sand-
wich I si.
Allen, A. Barker, Otsego, Mich.
Allen, Abraham W., Baiting Hollow, L.I.
Allen, Benjamin R., Marblehead Mass.
Allen, Cyrus W., Ea.«t JaflVey, N. H.
Allen, Ephraim W., Haverhill, Mass.
Allen, Erwin W., Pitcher, N. Y
Allen, Frederick B., Canandaigiia. N. Y.
Allen, George, Worcester, Mass.
Alien, George E., Nonon, Mass.
Allen, John A., Sheffield. 111.
Allen, J. Wing, Leslie, Mich.
Allen, John W., Ripon, Wis.
Allen, L. Wheaton, South Braintree, Mass.
Allen, Rowland H.. Neponset, Mass.
Allen, Samuel H., Windsor Locks, Ct.
Allen, Simeon 0., Lansing, Mich.
Alley, Frederick. Plattsmoutli, Neb.
Allison, John, Milwaukee, Wis.
Allworth, William H., Paris. Ont.
Alvord, Augustus, Ridgebury, Ct.
Alvord, Frederick, Nashua, N. H.
Alvord, John W., Washington, D. C.
Alvord, Nelson, Centralia, Kan.
Ames, Marcus, Lancaster, Mass.
Amsden, 8. H., West Dover, Vt.
Anderson, Edward, Jamestown, N. Y.
Anderson, Goorge, Stockholm, N. Y.
Anderson, James. Cleveland, O.
Anderson, Joseph, South Haven, Mich.
Anderson, Joseph, Waterbnry, Ct.
Anderson, Rufus, Boston, Mass.
Andrews, D.ivid, Winona, Minn.
Andrews, Dean, Marshall, 111.
Andrews, Edwin N., Kansas City, Mo.
Andrews, George W.. East Ilamptou, Ct.
Andrews, G. W., Marion, Ala.
Andrews, Israel W., Marietta, O.
Andrews, Samuel J., Hartfortl. Ct.
Andrews, William W., Wethi-rslield, Ct.
Andrus, Hlizur, Pentwater, Mich.
Angler, Luther H., Everett, M ;;ss.
Angier, Marshall B., Haydcnville, Mass.
Angel, Marcus S., Newaiigo, MIlIi.
Anjecahbo, .J., Saugeen, Ont.
Anthony. (Jeorge N., Peabo'ly Mass.
Aptliorp, Rufus, Allegan, Mich.
Armes. .Josiah L., Auburn. N. 11.
Arms, Hiram P., Norwich Town, C.
i87i.]
List of Congregational Ministers.
183
Armsliy, Laiiron. Oberlin. O.
i\rmsliong, Jv.nios, Wayland, Mich.
.(Wmstroiig, Robert S , ilarailton, Minn.
AruoUl, Arthur E.. Plymouth, 111.
Arnold. Seth S., Asciitnevville, Vt.
/LPhlcv, J. Mills, Brridv. Minh.
Ashley, Samuel S., Wilminizton, N. C.
Athcrtoii, J. W., Los Augeles, Cul.
Atkinson, George H., Portland, Dr.
AtkinFon, .Tohii I. ..Iowa Kails, To.
Atkinson, 'rimothy, Orange Valley, N". J.
Atkinson, Wm. H., A. B. 0. F. M., IVestern
India.
Atwater, Edward E.. New Haven, Ct.
Atwator, William W., .South Killingly, Ct.
Atwood. Kdward S.. Salem, MaHw.
Atwood, Lewis P., North Blandford. Mass.
Austin, David R., South Xorwalk, Ct.
Austin, Franklin T)., Presque Isle, Me.
Austin, Henry A.. Pleasanton, Mich.
Austin, Lewis A., Mancliester, Vt.
Austin, Samuel J., Warren. Mass.
Avery, Frederick B., Columbia, Ct.
Avery, Jared R.. Groton. Ct.
Avery, John, Lebanon, Ct.
Avery, William P., Cbapin, To.
Avery. William T., Huntington, Mass.
Ayer, Charles L.. Plaitiville. Ct.
Aycr, Franklin D., Concord, N. H.
Ayer, Joseph, Ekonk. Ct.
Ayers, Rowland, Hadley, Mass.
Babb, Thomas E-, Eastport, Me.
Babbitt, James H , Waitsfleld, Vt.
Bahcock, Daniel H., East Falmouth, Mass.
Bachelder, F. E. M., Dudley, Mass.
Baclieller. Gilman, Machias Port, Me.
Backus, Joseph W., Thomaston, Ct.
Bacon, Edward W., Woleottvilie, Ct.
Bacon, George B., Orange, N. J.
Bacon, James M., Asbby, Mass,
Bacon, Leonard, New Haven, Ct.
Bacon, Leonard W., I^altimore, Md.
Bacon. Wiliiain F., Amesbury, Mass.
Bacon, William N., Shoreh.im, Vt,
Bacon, William T., D( rby, Ct.
Badger, Milton, Kew York City.
Bailey, Charles E., Benzonia, Mich.
Bailey, George H., Newport, Vt.
Bailey, John G., Hyde Park, Vt.
Baird, E. F., Martinsburg, O.
Baird, John G., New Haven, Ct.
Baird, Robert G., Armada, Mich.
Baker, Abijah R., Dorchester, Mass.
Baker, Ariel A., Ames, lo.
Baker, Edward P., Winthrop, Me,
Baker, Ephraim H , Wyanet, 111.
Baker, James S., Otisco, N. Y.
Baker, Joseph D., Maiden, 111.
Baker, .Fohn W. H., Topsham.Me.
Baker, Seymour A. (N. Y.)
Baker, Silas, Siaudisb, Me.
Baker, Smith, Orono, Me.
Baker, Thomas, Toronto, Ont.
Baker, Zebina, Washara. Kan.
Baldwin, Abraham C, Hartford, Ct.
Baldwin, Aln-aham V., Newton, lo.
Baldwin, Abram E., Memphis, Tenn.
Baldwin, Curtis C, Sullivan, O.
Baldwin, David J., Kokomo, Ind.
Baldwin, Dwight, A. B. C. F. M., Sandwich
Islands.
Baldwin, Elijah C, Branford. Ct.
Baldwin, Henry N., Chesterfield, 111.
Baldwin, Joseph B., Weatberstield Centre,
Vt.
Baldwin, Thomas, Plymouth, Vt.
Bal ;win, William O., West Groton, N. Y.
Baldwin, Wai. W-, North Rochester, Mass.
Bale, Albert G., Melrose, Mass.
Balkam, Uriah, Lewiston, Me.
Balhird, Addison. Detroit, Mich.
Ballard, James. Grand Rapids, Mich.
Baneroft, Cecil P. P., Lookout Mountain,
Tenn.
Bancroft, David, Prescott, Mass.
Bane, John 8., Stanwich, Ct.
Banfield. .John A., Topeka, Kan.
Banks, George W., Bethlehem, Ct.
Barber, Alanson D., Willsborough, N. Y.
Barber, Amzi D., Geneva, O.
Barber, Klihu, Lake Forest, 111.
Barber, Luther H,, Hanover, Ct.
Barbour, William M., Bangor, Me.
Barbour, Henry, London, Enpland.
Bard, George I., Dunbarton, N. H.
Bardwell, D. Magee, N. J. (Wis.)
Bardwell, John P., Oberlin, O.
Barker, Davis R., Amity, lo.
Barker, E., Fergus, Ont.
Barker, Isaac, Rockford. Mich.
Barker, Nathaniel, Wakefleld, N. H.
Barker, Samuel P., Ijcxington, Mich.
Barnard, Alonzo, Three Rivers. Mich.
Barnard, Elihu C, Griggsville, III.
Barnard, Pliny F., Westliainpton, Mass.
Barnes, Charles M.. Galesburg, 111.
Birnes, Erastus S., .Jefferson, O.
Barnes, Henry E., Moline, 111.
B'rnes, Jeremiah R., Winona, Minu.
Barnes, John R., Collinsville, 111.
Barnes, L. C, Homer, O.
Barnes, Nathaniel H., Napoli, N. Y.
Barney, James O., Hyde Park, Mass.
Barnum, George, Wauseon, O.
Barnum, Samuel W , New Haven, Ct.
Barris, Joseph S., Salem, lo.
Barrows, Elijah P.. Middletown, Ct.
Barrows, George W., Elizabetlitown, N. Y.
Barrows, Homer. Lakeville, Mass,
Barrows, John M., Arvona, Kan.
Barrows, John O., A. B. C. F. M., Western
Turkei).
Barrows, Simon, Weeping Water, Neb,
Barrows, William, Reading, Mass.
Barrows. William H., Anamosa, lo.
Barrows, W. M., Arvonia, Kan.
Barstow, Charles, Hamilton, N. Y.
Barstow, Zedekiah S., Keene, N. H.
Barteau, Sydney H., Zumbrota, Minn.
Bartlett, Dwight K., Rochester, N. Y.
Bartlett, Edward O., Providence, R. I.
Bartlett, Enoch N., Oberlin, O.
Bartlett, Joseph, South Newmarket, N. H.
Bartlett, Leaviit, Jersey City, N. J.
Bartlett, Lyman, A. B. C. F. M., Western
Turkey.
Bartlett, Samuel C, Chicago, 111.
Bartlett, William A., Chicago, 111.
Bartlett. William 0., San Francisco, Cal,
Barton, Alanson S., Middlebury. Vt.
Barton, Charles B., Richview, 111.
Barton, Walter, Suffield, Ct.
Baneom, Flavel, Hinsdale, III.
Buticom. George S., Odell, 111.
Bascom, John, Williamstown, Mass.
Bassett, Edward B., Warwick, Mass.
Bassett, William E., Warren, Ct.
Batchelder, John S., Hinsdale. N. H.
Bates, A Ivan J., Saundersville, Mass.
Bates, Henry, Canton, III.
Bates, James A., Belpre, O.
T5ates, Josiah, .\naheim, Cal.
Bates, Philander. Ludlow. Vt.
Bates. S. Nysander, Underbill, Vt.
Batt. William J., Leominster, M.ass,
Bauer, Frederick A., Hawley, Pa.
1 84
List of Congregatio7ial Alinistcrs.
[Jan.
BaxtPr. Bep.inmin F., Hale, Wis.
Baylies, Saiiuiel, Brookljni, N. Y.
Biiyne, Thomas, New Haven, N. Y.
Beach. Aaron C, Millington, Ct.
Beach, Kdwin R., Clifton, 111.
Beach. John W., Windsor Locks, Ct.
Beach, Nathaniel, Woodstnok, Ct.
Boanian. f'harles CCambridse, Mass.
Beaman, Warren H., North Hadley, Maes.
Bean. David if., Webster, Mass.
Bean. Ebenezer, Gray, Me.
Reane, Phineas A., Hampden, O.
Bf-ard, .-Vngiistus F.. Syracuse, N. Y.
Beard, Edwin S., Warren, Me.
Beard, George P., f^edalia. Mo.
Beard, Spencer F.,Andover, Mass.
Beard, William H., Harwich, Mass.
Beardslcy, Bronson B.. Bridgeport, Ct.
Beckwith, Edward G., San Francisco, Cal.
Beckwith, George A., Olathe, Kan.
Beckwith, J. H., Washington, D. 0.
Bedient, J. A., Montgomery, Ala.
Beebe, Clarence H.. Clavville. N. Y.
Beebe,Hul)bard,New Haven, Ct.
Beecher, Charles, Georgetown, Mass.
Beecher, Edward, Galeslnirg, III.
Beecher, Frederick W., Kankakee, 111.
Beecher, George K., Galesburg, III.
Beecher. Henry Ward, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Beecher, James C Oweao, N. Y.
Beecher, Thomas K , Elmira, N. Y,
Beecher. Willis J.. GalesbMrg, 111.
Belden, Webster W., Bristol, Ct.
Belden, Henry, Parkville, L. I.
Bell, Hiram, West Chester, Ct.
Bell, James J., I'hipsburg, Me.
Bell, James M., Watertown, Mass.
Bell, John D.. Emporia, Kan.
Bell, Newton H., Winchester, Ind.
Bell, Robert C, Bethel. Ct
Bell, Samuel. East Cambridge, Mass.
Beman, Amos G., Pittsfield, Mass.
Benedict, Lewis, Lake Forest. 111.
Benedict. William A.. Lisbon. Ct.
Bennet. Kilian O., Mt. Pleasant. lo.
Bennett, Henry S., Nashville. Tenn.
Bennett. Joseph L., Indianapolis, Ind.
Bennett, Wm. P., Mason City, lo.
Benson, Almon, Centre Harbor, N. H.
Benson, Homer H., Beloit, Wis.
Bent, George. Burr Oak, lo.
Benton. John E., Oakland. Cal.
Benton. Joseph A., San Francisco, Cal.
Benton, William A., Mt. Lebanon, Syria.
Berger, James d.. Santa Rosa, Cal.
Berney, D.miel, Farmers, Mich.
Berry. Augustus, Pc Iham, N. H.
Bessom, William H., East Boston, Mass.
Betts, Eben M". , Santa Barbara, Cal.
Bicknell. Simon S., Milton, Wis.
Bigelow, Andrew, West Ho\lston, Mass.
Bigelow, Asahel, Hancock, N. H.
Billings. Richards.. New London, Ct.
Bingham, C. M., Udina, 111.
Bingham, Hiram, Jr., A. B. C. F. M., Micro-
nesia.
Binaham, Joel F.. Hartford. Ct.
Bingham, .Joel S., Dubuque, lo.
Birchard, William M., MontviUe, Ct.
Bird. Isaac, Gt. Barrington, Mass.
Bird, William, A. B.C. F. M.. Syria.
Birge. Eben C, Underbill, Vt.
Bi'ibee. Cliarbs G., Fontanelle. Neb
Bisbee, John H., Huntington, Mass.
Biscoe, Georee 8., Tipton, lo.
Bir-cue, 'I'liomas C, Ixliri'lge. Mass.
Bishop. Artcinas. Honolulu, Sandwich IsFds.
Bishop, Nelson, Windsor, Vt.
Bishop, W. T>., Lockeford, Cn\.
Bissell, Charles H.. Indi-pendence, To.
Bissell, Edwin C, Winchester, Mass.
Bissell, Oscar. Wendell, Mass.
Bissell, Samuel B. S.. Norwalk. Ct.
Bittinger. John Q., Hartl.ind, Vt.
Bixby, Alaitson. Frewsburg, N. Y.
Bixby, Joseph P., South Dedham, Mass.
Bixby, Solomon, Kingston, N. H.
Black. J.ames 8., Nashua. N. H.
Black , Robert K., Milton, N. S.
Blagden, George W., Boston, Mass.
Blaisdell, James J. Beloit, Wis.
Blake, Henry B., Wilmington, N. C.
Blake, Jeremiah, Gilmantou Iron Works,
N.H.
Blake, Joseph, Gilmanton, N. H.
Blake, Lyman H., Rowley, Mass.
Blake, Mortimer, Taunton, Mass.
Blake, S. Leroy, Concord, N. H.
Blakesley. Linus, Topeka, Kan.
Blakely, Quincy, Canipton, N. H.
Blakeslee, Samuel V., Oakland, Cal.
HIanchard, Addison. South Bridgton. Me.
Blanchard, Edmund H,, Warwick, Mass.
Blanchard, Jonathan, Wheaton, 111.
Blanchard. Silas M , Hudson, N. H.
Blanchard, William S., Chicago, 111.
Bliss, Asher, Onoville, N. Y.
Bliss, Charles R., Wakefield, Mass.
Bliss, Daniel, Beirfit. Syria.
Bliss, Daniel J., Holland, Mass.
Bliss, Edwin E., A. B. C. P. M., Western
Tiirlcey.
Bliss, J. Henry, Centre Harbor, N. H.
Bliss, Thomas E.,Andover, Mass.
Blodgett, Constantit e, Pawtucket, R. I.
Blodgett, Edward P., Greenwich , Mass.
Blodgett, Henry, A. B. C. F. M., Xorih
China.
Blood, John. Hoyleton, 111.
Bloodgood, Abraham L., Monroe, Mich.
Boardman, Joseph, West Dracut, Mass.
Boardman, M. Bradford, Brimfield, Mass.
Bodwell, Joseph C, Hartfnrd, Ct.
Bodwell, Lewis, Topeka, Kan.
Bogue, Horace, P. V., Vergennes, Vt.
BoUwood, Henry S., Princeton, 111.
Bonar, James B., New Milford, Ct.
Bond, A Ivan, Norwich, Ct.
Bond, Elias, A. B. C. F. M., Sandwich
Ishnids.
Bonney, John R., Matteson, Mich.
Bonney. Nathaniel G., Poquonnock, Ct.
Booth, Edwin, Ada, Mich.
Borchers. Ernest F., North Bridgton, Me.
Borden, Edmund W., Clio, Mich.
Bordwell, Daniel N., Kalamazoo, Mich.
Borland, Thomas, (Wis.)
Boss, Thomas M., I'utnam, Ct.
Bosworth, Q. M., Oberlin, O.
Boughton, John F., Kalamo. Mich.
Bourne, James R., West Rutland, Vt.
Bourne, Shearjashub, Harlem, N. Y.
Bouton, Nathaniel, Concord, N. H.
Bowen, William C., Jamaica, Vt.
Bowers, Albert, Macon, Mo.
Bowers, Jolin M., Windsor, Mo.
Bowker, Samuel, Raymond, N. H.
Bowler, Stephen L., Hampden. Me.
Bowman, George A., South Windoor, Ct.
Boyd, Pliny 8., Ridgefield, Ct.
Boyiiton, Charles F., ElJura, lo.
Boynton, Francis H., Freetown, Mass,
Bnynton, George M.. Guilfoid, Ct.
Boynton, L. D., Parkersburg, lo.
Brace, Jonathan, Hartford. Ct.
Brace, Beth C, New Haven, Ct.
i87i.]
List of Cong7'egational Ministers.
185
Prndbury, Elbridge, Sandisfielfl, Mass.
Br->flford, Amory H.. Mnntclair. N J.
Bradford, Benjamin F., Charlotte, Mich.
Bradford, Dana B., Randolph Centre, Vt.
Bradford, Moses B , Mclndoe's Falls, Vt.
Bradley, Charles F., West Stockbridge,
Mass.
Bradnack, Isaac R., Bridgewater, N. Y.
Bradshaw, John, Swanton, Vt.
Bragg, Jesse K., North Wrentham, Mass.
Brainard, Thomas G., Grinnell, lo.
Brainerd, Davis S., Lyme, Ct.
Brainerd, Ezra, Middlebury, Vt.
Braman, Milton P., Danvers Centre, Mass.
Branch, Edwin T., M pie Rapids, Mich.
Brand, James, Danvers, Mass.
Brandt, Charles E., Farmington, Ct.
Brastow, Lewis O., St. Johnsbiiry, Vt.
Brastow, Thomas E., Orland, Me.
Bray, John E., Elizabeth, N. J.
Bray, William L., Newton. lo.
Breckinridge, Daniel M., Clinton. Wis.
Breed, Charles C., East Pawpaw, 111.
Breed, David, Abington. Ct.
Breed, Samuel D., New Haven, Mich.
Bremncr. David, Boxford, Mass.
Brewer, James, Mendota, 111.
Brewer, Josiah, Stockbridee, Mass.
Brewster, William H., Wheaton, 111.
Hriant, S. Ingersoll, Sharon, Mass.
Brice, J. G., Winchester, Ind.
Brickett, Harry, Geneseo, III.
Bridgman, Henry M., A. B. C. F. M., South
Africa.
Bridgman, Lewis, Augusta, Wis.
Brier, J. W., Oakland. Cal.
Briggs, William N., Oberlin, O.
Briggs, William T., East Douglas,' Mass.
Brigham, Charles A. G., Enfield, Ct.
Brigham, David. No. Abington, Mass.
Brigham, Levi, Troy. N. H.
Brigham, Willard, Winchendon, Mass.
Brinkerhoft", William H., Weymouth, O.
Brlntnall, Loren W., Winthrop, lo.
Bristol, Sherlock, Saticoy, Call
Bristol, Richard C , Denmark, lo.
Brodt, J. H., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bu.mfield, E. T., Toronto, Ont.
Bronson, George F., Postville, lo.
Brooks, Charles S., Tyngsborough, Mass.
Brooks, Edward F., Parts, N. Y.
Brooks, William E., Clinton, Ct.
Brooks. William M., Tabor, lo.
Bross, Harmon, Otlumwa, lo.
Brown, Alvin 11., Jackson, Mich.
Brown, Charles M., Southwest Harbor, Me.
Brown, Edward, Medford, Minn.
Brown, George, Newark, N. J.
Brown, H. E., Talladega, Ala.
Brown, Hope, Rockford, 111.
Brown, John, Caledon, Out.
Brown, Josiah VV., Westboro, Mass.
Brown. Oliver, Andover, Mass.
Brown, Robert, Garafraxa, Ont.
Brown, Robert, Leavenworth, Kan.
Brown, Silas C. West Bloomfield, N. Y.
Brown, W. D., Gilbertville, Mass.
Brown, William B., Newark, N. J.
Brown, William J., Lockport, La.
Bruce, Henry J., A. B. C. F. M., Western
India.
Brundage, Israel, Paxton, 111.
Brush, Jesse, North Cornwall, Ct.
Bryan, George A., Westhrook, Ct.
Bryan, Albert, Everett, Mass.
Bryant. E. G., Garden Pr.alrie, III.
Bryant, Sidney, Oberlin, O.
Bryant, Stephen 0., CoiumbuB, Mich.
Buchanan, P. G., Oroville, Cal.
Buck, Kdwin A., Fall River, Mass.
lUick, Samuel J., Griiuull, lo.
Buekham, James, Burlintrton, Vt.
Buckhara, Matthew H., Burlington, Vt.
Buckingham. Samuel G., Springfield, Mass.
Budington. William I., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bulfinch. John J., Freeport, Me.
Bull, Edward, Beaufort, N. C.
Bull, Richard B , West Brookfield, Mass.
Bullard, Asa, Boston, Mass.
BuUard. Charles H., Hartford. Ct.
Bullard, Ebenezer W.. Hampstead, N. H.
Bullen, Henry L., Durant, lo.
Bullions, Alexander B., Sharon, Ct.
Burbank, Justin E., Minn.
Burbank, Lysander T., A. B. C. F. M.
Eastern Turkey.
Burchill, Robert, Georgetown, Ont.
Burdett, Gabriel. Camp Nelson. Ky.
Burgess, A. Parke, Chelsea, Mass.
Burgess, William, Valetta, Ont.
Burnard, William H., Mount Pleasant, lo.
Burnell, T. C. Huntsburg. O.
Biirnell, Thomas S., A. B. C. F.M., jl/arfwra.
Burnham, Abraham, Hook.sett, N. H.
Burnham, Amos W.,'Keene. N. H.
Burnham, Charles. Meredith, N. H.
Burnham Jonas, Farmington, Me.
Burnham, Michael, Fall River, Mass.
Burpee, Archibald. Abington, Mass.
Burr, A., Gallatin, Mo.
Burr, EnochF., Lyme, Ct.
Burr, Willard. Oberlin, O.
Burr, Zalmon B.. Weston, Ct.
Burrage, Henry, Waterville, Me.
Burt, Charles W.. Union Centre, N. Y.
Burt. Daniel C.. Fairhaven, Mass.
Burt, David, Winona, Minn.
Burton, Horatio, N.. Sandusky. O.
Burton, Nathaniel J.. Hartford, Ct.
Bush, Frederic N., Lyonsvile, 111.
Bushee, E. K.. Dartford, Wis.
Bushee, William A., North Brookfield, Vt.
Bushnell A.. Blandinsville, 111.
Bushnell, George. Beloit, Wis.
Bushnell, Horace, Cincinnati. O.
Bushnell, Horace, Hartford, Ct.
Bushnell, William, Boston, Mass.
Buss, Henry J.. Creston, HI.
Butcher, William R., Albany, Or.
Butler, Daniel, Waverley, Mass, [ '?
Butler, Franklin, Windsor, Vt.
Butler, Jeremiah, Fairport, N. Y.
Butterfield, Horatio Q. Topeka, Kan.
Buxton, Edward, Webster, N. H.
Byington, Ezra H., Newhaven, Vt.
Byington, George P., Westford, Vt.
Byington, Swift, Stoneham, Mass.
Byrd, John H., Leavenworth, Kan.
Byrne, .James T., Whitby, Ont.
Cadwallader, John, Milwaukee, Wis.
Cady, Calvin B., Alburgh, Vt.
Cady, Daniel K., Arlington, Mass.
Cairns, John, Knoxvillo, Pa.
Caldwell, James, Royalton, Vt.
Caldwell, William E.. Saline, Mich.
Callan, M. J., Kingston, Mo.
Callihan, D., Lamar, Mo.
Callihan, Charles S., Kahoka, Mo.
Calhoun, Simeon H., A. B. C. F. M., Syria.
Cameron, James, Greenville, Me.
Cameron, John II., Markesan, Wis.
Camp. Charles W., Waukesha, Wis.
C.impbell, Alexander B., Mendon, lU.
Campbell, D. A., Pine River, Wis.
Campbell, Gabriel. St. Anthony, Minn.
Campbell, John, Melbourne, Que.
1 86
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan.
Campbell. Knndolph, Newhuryport, Mass.
Campbell. TTilliam M., Vcruou, Mich.
Candee, George. Bcrca, Kj'.
Canfield, l^hilo, Wnshington, lo.
Canfleld, Tbomas II., Oswego, Kan.
Capron William B., A. B. C. F. M., Madura.
Cardozo, Fraucis L., Columbia, Ga.
C'ai'leton. Israel, Utica, Mo.
Caimiehael, John M . 8j3arta, Wis.
Carpenter, C. C Lookout Mountain, Tenn.
Carpenter, E. Irving, White River Junction.
Vt.
Carpenter, E. G., Grand Rapid.-*, AVis.
Carper, Cornelius, Walnut Grove, Kaii.
Carr, William O., Barnstead Parade, N. H.
Carruthers, John J.. Portland. Me,
Carruthers, William. Calais, Me.
Carter. Clark, Great Falls, N*. H.
Carter, Nathan F., Orfordville, X. H.
Carter, Robert, 8avanriah. Ga.
Carter, William, Pitt.'^field, 111.
Carver, Shubai 1, Xorih Bergen, N. T.
Case, Rufus, .Jaffrey, N. H.
Cass, John W., Saiidwich, 111.
Case, Horatio M., Allen's Grove, Wis.
Catlin, B. R., Merideii, N. H.
Catlin, William E., Forest Station, 111.
Caverno, Charles, Lake Mills, Wis.
Chaddock, Emery G . LTriion City, Mich.
Chafer, Thomas F., Pania, Kan.
Chamberlain. Charles. Ri^ddiiig, Ct.
Chamberlain, John P.. New London, Wis.
Chamberlain, Joshua M., Grinnell. lo.
Chamberlain, Leandcr I'., Chicago. 111.
Chamberlain, P. B., Walla- Walla, W. T.
Chamberlin, E. B., South Wilbraham. Mass.
Chamberlin, William A., O.shkosh, Wis.
Champlin, O. P., Wayne, III.
(Jhamplin, S. N.. Genesee, Wis.
Chandler, Augustus. Dummerston, Vt.
Chandler, Joseph, West Brattleboro', Vt.
Chaney, Lucien W., Rutland, X. Y.
Chapin, .Aaron L., Beloit. Wis.
Chapin. Franklin P., .Vmher.sl, Mass.
Chapin, Henry M., Markesan, Wis.
Chapin, Nathan C.. La Crosse, Wis.
Chapman, Andrew W., Miuooka, 111.
Chapman, Calvin, Windham, Vt.
Chapman, Daniel, Huntley, 111.
Chapman, Elias. North Reading, Mass.
Chapman, Frederick W., Prospect. Ct.
Chapman, Jacob, Deerfield Centre, N. H.
Chase, Edward, Bedford, Mass.
Chase, Henry L., (ireeii Mountain, lo.
Chase, James B.. Fremont, Neb.
Chase, L. G., Dummerston, Vt.
Cheever, Henry T., Worcester, Mass.
Chesebrough. Amos 8., Hartford, Ct.
Cheesman, J. M., Osawkee, Kan.
Chiekeriiig, John W., Wakefield, Mass.
Chickcring, John W., Jr.. Washington, D.C.
Child, Willard, Crown Point, N. Y.
Childs, Alexander C, W. Charleston, Vt.
Childs, Thomas 8., Norwalk, Ct.
Chipman, R. Manning, East Granby, Ct.
Christopher, William B.. Galena, ill.
Church, Bethuel C, Normal, 111.
Churchill, Charles H., Oberliii, O.
Churchill, John, Wuodbury. Ct.
Churchill, J. Wesley, Andover, Mass.
Claflin, George P., Am. Miss'y Ass'n, Afendi.
Claggett, Erastus B., Lyndeboro', N. H.
Clapp, A. Huntington, New York City.
Clapp. C. F., Blniidinsville, III.
Clapp. Charles W., Grinnell. lo.
Clapp, Luther. Wauwatosa, Wis.
Clark, Albert W.. Gilead, Ct.
Clark, Allen C., Wilton, lo.
Clark, Anson, West Salem, Wis.
Clark, Asa F., Peru, Vt.
Clark, Benjamin K., North Chelmsford, Mass.
Clark, Charles W., Charlotte, Vt.
Clark, Clinton, Middlebury, Ct.
Clark, DeWitt 8., Clinton, Mass.
Clark, Edson L., North Branford. Ct.
Clark, Edward L., New Haven, Ct.
Clark, i;dward W., Boston, Mass.
Clark, Eli B., Chicopee. Mass.
Clark. Ephraim W., A. B. C. F. M., Sand-
7Pich Islands.
Clark, Frank G.. Manchester; N. H.
Clark, Frederick G., Greenwich, Ct.
Clark, George, Oberlin, O.
Clark, H. L., Williamsburg, lo.
Clark, Henry 8., Iowa.
Clark, Henry. Avon. Ct.
Claik, Isaac. Aurora, III.
( lark, Jacob 8., Morgan, Vt.
Clark, James A., Hillsdale, N, Y.
Clark, John, Plymouth, N. H.
Clark, Joseph B., Newtonville, Mass,
Clark, Josiah B., Pittstield, Vt.
Clark, N. Catlin, Elgin, III.
Clark, N. George, Boston, Mass.
Clark, Nelson, Somerset, Mass.
Clark, Orlando, Lansing, O.
Clark, Perkins K., Mittineaque, Mass.
Clark, Pliiletus, Wardsboro, Vt.
Clark, Sereno I)., Provincetown, Mass.
Clark, Solomon, Plainlield, Mass.
Clark, Sumner, Eastford, Ct.
Clark, Theodore J., Nortlitield, Muss.
Clark, William, Anihers-, N. H.
Clark, William, Milan, Itali/.
Clark, William J., Astoria. Or.
Clarke, Benjamin F., Wellesley, Mass.
Clarke, Dorus, Boston Mass.
Clarke, Edward, Chesterfield, Ma^s.
Clarke, James F., A. B. C. F. M., European
Tnrkci/.
Clarke, William, Paris, Ont.
Clarke, William B., Norwich, Ct.
Clarke, William F., Guelph, Ont.
Clary, Dexter, Beloit, Wi.s.
Clary, Timothy F., Wareham, Mass.
Clayes, Dana, Wakefield, Mass.
Cleveland, James B., Bloomfleld, Ct.
Cleveland, John P., Newburyport, .Mass,
Cleveland, Jonathan, Norwich, Vt.
Cleveland, Edw.ird, Lawrence, Miidi.
Ciift, William, My.stic, Ct.
Clinton, Orson P., Ilortonville, Wis.
Clisbee. Edward P., Randolph, N. Y.
Clizbee, Jay, Marshall, Mich.
Closson. T., Fayette, lo.
Coan, Le inder S., Brownville, Me,
Co.an, Titus, A. B. C. F. M., Sandwich Is-
hinds.
C"bb, Asahel, Sandwich, Mass.
Cobb, Elisha G., P^lorence, Mass.
Cobb, Henry W., Chicago, III.
Cobb, Leander, Marion, Mass.
Cobb, Levi Henry, Springfield. Vt.
Cobb, Nathaniel, Kingston, Mass.
Cobb, Solon, Medford, Mass.
Cobleigh, N. F., Marshfield, Vt.
Cochran, Robert, Austinburg, O.
Cochran, Samuel D., Kidder, Mo.
Cochran. Warren, Baraboo, Wis.
Cochrane, W. R., Antrim, N. H.
Codington, G. S., Lacon, 111.
(;oe, Alvan, Vermilion, O.
Coe, David B., New York City.
Coe, Noah, New Haven, Ct.
Coggin, William S.. Boxford, Mass.
Cogswell, Eliut C., NorthwoodN. H.
I87I.]
List of Congregational Ministtrs.
187
Cogswell, Joseph 8., Holden, Me.
Cogswell, Nathaniel, Yarmouth Port, Mass.
Coit, Joshua, Brookfield, Mass.
Colburn, H. H., Roxbury, N. H.
Colhurn, Moses M., St. Joseph, Mich.
Colby, John, Southboro', Mass.
Cole, Albert, Cornish, Me.
Cole, Royal M., A. B. C. F. M., Eastern
Turkey.
Cole, Samuel, Sayhrook, O.
Coleman, William L., Mitchell, lo.
Collie, Joseph, Delavan, Wis.
Collins, Augustus B., Norwalk, Ct.
Colmau, George W., Pittsfield, Mass.
('oltnn, Aaron M., Easthampton, Mass.
Cnltcn, Krastus. New Haven, Ct.
Colton, Henry M., M'ddletoti, Ct.
Colton, Theron G., White Water, Wis.
Colton, A\Mllis S., Washington, Ct.
Coltrin, Nathaniel P., Centralia, 111.
Colwell, H. J., Waterloo, Que.
Clomings, Elam J., Higl)gate, Vt.
Comly, Ezra. Tyson's Mill. lo.
Comstock, Davillo W., Hiawatha, Kan.
Conant, Liba, Orford, N. H.
Condon, Thomas, Dalles, Or.
Cone, A., Freedom, O.
Cone, Luther H., Springfield, Mass.
Cone. Sylvanus S. Waynesville, 111.
Coukling, Benjamin. Kent, O.
Connell,"David, North Troy, Vt,
Connett, Alfred, St. Mary's, Kan.
Conrad, Charles E., Quir.cy, 111.
Converse, John K., Burlington, Vt.
Cook, Elisha W., New Lisbon, Wis.
Cook, John B., Danville, Pa.
Cook, Jonathan B., Salisburj', N. H.
Cook, Joseph T., Maquoketa, lo.
Cook, Nehemiah B.. Ledyard, Ct,
Cook, Silas P., Windsor, Vt.
Cooley, Henry. Ppringfield, Mass.
Cooley, Henry E., Winsted, Ct.
Cooley, Oramel W., Glen wood, lo.
Coolidge, Amos H., Leicester, Mass.
Cooper, James W.. Rockport, Mass.
Cooper. Joseph C, Cincinnati, lo.
Copeland, Jonathan, Waterburj', Vt.
Cordell, James G., Schenectady. N. Y.
Cordley, Richard, I^awrence, Kan.
Corneliusson, Christopher, Chicago, 111.
Cornish, George, Montreal. Que.
Cornwell, Isaac D., Hancock, N. Y.
Corwin, Eli, San Francisco, Cal.
Couch, Paul, Jewett City, Ct.
Coulter, Oyrenus N., Codyville. Mich.
Cowles, Chauncy D., Farmington, Ct.
Cowles, Henry, Oberlin, O.
Cowles, .John G., East Saginaw, Mich.
Cowles, John P., Ipswich, Mass.
Cozzens, Samuel W., South Plymouth, Mass.
Craig, Henry K., Norton, Mass.
Crane, Ethan B., Brooklyn. N. Y.
Crane, James Ij., Adams, Mich.
Cragin, C. C Owatonna, Minn.
Crang. Frederick W., Franklin, lo.
Cravath, E. M., New York. N. Y.
Crawford, Robert, Deerfleld, Mass.
Crawford, Sidney, Fairhaven, Vt.
Crawford, William, Green Bay, Wis.
Crittenden, Richard. Towanda, Pa.
Crosby, Josiah D., Ashburnham, Mass.
('ross, Gorham, Richville, N. Y.
Cross, John, p'armington, lo.
Cross, Joseph W., West Boylston, Mass.
Cross, ^foses K., Wavcrly, lo.
Cross, W. H., Tomah, Wis.
Cross, Wellington R., New Gloucester, Mo.
Croswell, Micah S., San Francisco, Cal.
Crowell, Edward P., Amherst, Mass.
Crowther, Thomas, Mill River, Mass.
Cruickshanks, James, spencer, Mass.
Crumb. John H., Pittsburg. Pa.
Cummings, Ephraim C, St. Johnsbury, Vt.
Cummings, Henry, Rutland, Mass.
Cummings, Hiram, Dutch Flat, Cal.
Cummings, Preston, Leicester, Mass.
Cundall, Isaac N., St. Louis. Mo.
Cunningham, John, Sweden, N. Y.
Currier, Albert H.. Lynn, Mass.
Curtice, Corban. Boscawen, N. H.
Curtis, Asher W.. Belmont. Wis.
Curtis, Ethan, Camden, N. Y.
Curtis, Lupton W., Riihmond, Mass,
Curtis, Lucius, Lyons, lo.
Curtis, William C, Richmond, Me.
Curtiss, Daniel C., Fort Howard, Wis.
Curtiss, George, Harwinton, Ct.
Curtiss. Otis F., Dover, 111.
Curtiss, Samuel I.. Union. Ct.
Curtiss, William B., Munroe, Ct.
Gushing, Christopher, Boston, Mass.
Gushing, .James R., Marston's Mills, Mass.
Cushman, Chester L.. l^ndlow. Mass.
Cushraan, David Q.. Bath, Me.
Cushman, John P.. Boston, Mass.
Cushman, Rufus S., Manchester, Vt.
Cutler, Brainerd B., Wendell, Mass.
Cutler, Calvin, Auburndalo, Mass.
Cutler, Charles, W^ayne, Mich.
Cutler, Ebenezer, Worcester, Mass.
Cutler, Elijah, Greenfield, Mass.
Cutler, Temple, Athol, Mass.
Cutler, William H., Westminster, Mass,
Cutler, W. A., Belle Prairie, Minn.
Cutter, Edward F., Rockland, Me.
Cutter, Marshall M., Ashland, Mass.
Cutting. Charles, Ledyard, Ct.
Dada, Edward P., Mazeppa, Minn.
Dada, William B., Lake City. Minn.
Dnggett, Converse R., Greene, Me.
Daggett, Oliver E., New Haven, Ct.
Daly, James A., Williamsport, Pa.
Dame, Charles, Exeter, N. H.
D.amon, John F., Seattle, W. T.
Dana, Gideon. Oberlin, O.
Dana. J. Jay, Becket, Mass.
Dana, Malcolm McG., Norwich, Ct.
Daniels, Daniel, Dundaff, Pa.
Daniels, Henrj' M., Winnebago, 111.
Danielson, Joseph, Saugertics, N Y.
Itanner, Edgar V. H., Cuyahoga Falls, O.
Darling, George, Hudson,' O.
Darling, Samuel D., Oakfield, Wis.
Darling, Walter E , Kennebunk, Me.
Dascomla, Alfred B., Woodstock, Vt.
Davenport. John G., Biidgcport, Ct.
Davidson, David B., Grinnell, lo.
Davies, D., Pittston, Pa.
Davies, Daniel T., Minersvil'e, Pa.
Davies, David. Middleburv, O.
Davies, David R., Brady'.« Bend. Pa.
Davies, David S., Youngctown. O.
Davies, Edward. Waferville, N. Y.
Davies, Evan, Thurman, O.
D.avies, Henry, Bitr Rock, 111.
Davies, .Tames, Radnor. O.
Davies, John A., Patriot, O.
Davies, John D., Do'lgeville. Wis.
l)avies, Thomas H., Dawn, Mo.
Davies, W'. W., Centralis. I'a.
Davis, Elnathan, Aubiirn, Mass.
Davis, Franklin, Newington, N. H.
Davis, Henry, (Wis.)
Davis, Jerome 1)., Cheyenne, Wyo. Tor.
Davis, .Josiah G., Amherst. V H.
Davis, Perley B., Ilyde Park, Mass.
1 88
List of Coiigrtgational Ministers.
[Jan.
Davison, Joseph. Oberlin, O.
Davison, J. B., Ilaitfurd, O.
Dawes, Ebenezcr, Dighton, Mass.
Dawson, J. P., Croton, O.
Day, B. W., Stouffville, Out.
Day, George E., New Haven, Ct.
Day, Gruy B., Bridgeport, Ct.
Day, Henry N., New Haven, Ct.
Day, Hiram, Cliathara. iNfass.
Day, Hornian, Palmer, Mass.
Day, Philemon R., Saratoga Springs, N. T.
Day, "Warren F.. Galesburg, Mich.
Dean, Artemas. Westboro. Mass.
Dean, Benjamin .\., Garnavillo, lo.
Dean, Oliver S . Kalamazoo. Mich.
Dean, William H.. Bridgewater, Ct.
Deane, James, Westmoreland, N. Y.
De Bevolse, Gabriel H., North Brookfield,
Mass.
Decker, Hiram, Beloit, Wis.
Deering, John K., Minot, Me.
De Forest, Heman P., Chicago, 111.
Delano, Samuel, Stafford, Vt.
Delmater, Henry T., Morgan, O,
Demarest, Sydney B.. Windsor, Wis.
Demeritt, John P., Albany. Vt.
Deming, Alonzo T.. Newbury, Vt.
Demond, Elijah, Chilmark, Mass.
Denison, Andrew C, Middlefield, Ct.
Denison, Charles W., Washington, D. C.
Denison. John H., Williamstown, Mass.
Dennen, Stephen R., Woburn, Mass.
Denny, Hiram, Alton. Ont.
De Forest, Henry S., Andover, Mass.
De Riemer, William E., A. B. C. F. M.,
Ceylon.
Dering, Charles, T., Rosemond, 111.
Dewey, William, LeRoy, N. Y.
De Witt, John, Boston, Mass.
DeWolf, Ezekiel, New Orleans, La.
Dexter, Henry M., Boston, Mass.
Dickerman, George A., St. Charles, III.
Dickerman, George S., West Haven, Ct.
Dickerman, Lysander, Europe.
Dickinson. Cornelius L., Elgin, 111.
Dickinson, Edmund F., Chicago, HI.
Dickinson, Erastus, Bricksburg, N. J.
Dickinson, Ferdinand W., Coventry, Ut.
Dickinson, Henry A., Chester Centre, Mass.
Dickinson, Henry C, Appleton, Wis.
Dickinson, Noadiah 8., Foxboro', Mass.
Dickinson, Obed. Salem. Or.
Dickinson. S. F., Central City, Col.
Dickinson. William E., Walpole. N. H.
Dickson, James A. R.. London, Ont.
Diggs, Marshall W., Fort Recovery. O.
Dike, Samuel W., West Randolph. Vt.
Dilley, .Alexander B., Rodman, N. Y.
Dilley, Samuel. Bowen. III.
Diman, J. Lewis, Providence, R.I.
Diramock, Samuel R., Quinoy. 111.
Dinsmore, John, Winslow, Me.
Dixon, Hiram H.. Ripon, Wis.
Dixon, James J. A. T., Metamora, 111.
Dixon, William E., Enfield, Ct.
Dodd, Stephen G.. St. John, N. B.
Dodge, Austin, East Bridgewater.
Dodge, Beniamin, North Abington, Mass.
Dodge, D. B., Bridgeport. Ct.
Dodge, John, Nortli Brookfield, Mass.
Dodge, John W., Yarmouth, Mass.
Doe Franklin B., Fond du Lac. Wis.
Doc, Walter P., Providence, R. I.
Doldt, James, Canterbury, N. H.
Dole, Daniel, A. B. C. F. M., Sandwich
Ishmfls.
Dole, George T., Curtisville, Mass.
Dole, Sylvester R., Cbarlemont, Mass.
Donaldson, J. W., Wan torn a, Wis.
Doolittle. Charles, Lamont, Mich.
Doolittle, Edgar J., Walliuiiford. Ct.
Doolittle, John B., Hartland, Ct.
Doremus, Andrew, Lawn Ridge, TU.
Dorman, Lester M., Manchester, Ct.
Duubleday. William T., GoBlien, Ct.
Dougherty, James, .Johnson, Vt.
Dougherty. J. G., Chillieothe, Mo.
Douglas, J., Lanark, Ont.
Douglas, James, Pulaski, N. Y.
Douglas, Truman O., Osage, lo.
Dougla.ss, Ebenezer, Woonsocket, R. I.
Douglass, Francis J., Richmond, 111.
Douglass, .John A., Waterford, Me.
Douglass, Solomon J., New Haven. Ct.
Douglass, Thomas. Fontenelle, Neb.
Dow, Ezekiel, Huntington, Mass.
Dow. .Tnmes M. H., Boston. Mass.
Dow, William W., Waterford, Me.
Dowdeu, William H., Lunenburg, Mass.
Downs. Azel. Riverhead, L.I.
Downs. Charles A., Lebanon, N. H.
Downs, C. E., Troy, lo.
Dowse, Edmund, Sherborn, Mass.
Drake, Andrew J.. Brimiield, 111.
Drake, Cyrus B., Royalton, Vt.
Drake, Ellis R., Wayland, M.-iss.
Drake, Samuel S., Kittery Point, Me.
Dresser. Amos, Schuyler, Neb.
Drew. Stephen F., Cabot, Vt.
Duboc, Henry A., Ludlow, Vt.
Dudley, Horace P., Mnrrisville, N. Y.
Dudley, J. F., West E.auclaire, Wis.
Dudley, .John L., Milwaukee, Wis.
Dudley, Miirtin, Easton, Ct.
Duff, .\rchibald, SherbrooUe, Que.
Duff, Charles, Liverpool, N. S.
Duncan. AbelG., Scotland, Mass.
Duncan, Thomas W., Nelson, N. H.
Dunham, Isaac, Taunton, Mass.
Dunham, Samuel, Norwalk, Ct.
Dunkerly, David, Durham, Que.
Dunning, Andrew, rhompson. Ot.
Dunning, Albert E., Boston, Mass.
Dunning, Edward O., New Haven, Ct.
Dunning, Homer N., South Norwalk, Ct.
Duren, Charles, Pomfret, Vt.
Durfee, Calvin, Williamstown, Mass.
Durant. John, Slra'tford, Ont.
Dnstan, George, Peterboro', N. II.
Dutch, Joseph, New Orleans, La.
Dntton, Albert I., East Longmeadow, Mass.
Dutton, Horace, Northboro', Mass.
Dutton, Thomas, Durant, lo.
D wight, Edward S., Hadley, Mass.
Dwight, M. Everett, Onarga, 111.
Dwight, Timothy, New Haven, Ct.
Dwinell. Israel E., Sacramento, Cal.
Dwinnell, Solomon A., Reedsburg, Wis.
Dye, Charles B., New Fairtield, Ct.
Dyer. Edmund, Dundee, Mich.
Dyer, E. Porter, Shrewsbury, Mass.
Dyer, Francis. No. Madison, Ct.
Eastman, David, New Salem, Mass.
Eastman, Lucius R., Boston, Mass.
Eastman, Lucius R., Jr., East Soraerville
Mass.
Eastman, Morgan L., Royalton. Wis.
Eastman, William R., Plantsville, Ct.
Easton, David A., Danbury . t^t.
Easton, P. Z., Commack, N. Y.,
Eaton, Cyrus H., Prairie City, lo.
Eaton, Danforth L., Lowell, Mii^h.
I-aton, Joseph M. R.. Medfield, Mass,
pjaton, Joshua. Granby, Vt.
Eaton. Samuel W., Lancaster, Wis.
Ebbs, Edward, Ottawa, Ont.
I87I.]
List of Congregational Ministers.
189
Eddy, Hiram, Milwaukee, Wis.
Edgar, John, Rochestrr Minn.
PJdson, H. K., Denniiirk, lo.
Edwards, Henry L., North Middleboro',
Mass.
Edwards, John, Youngstown, O.
Edwards, John E., Blackstone. Mass.
Edwards, J. H., West Lebanon, N, H.,
Edwards, Jonathan, Dedham, Ma(>^.
Edwards, Joseph S., East Cleveland, O.
Edwards, P., Crab Creek. O.
Edwards, T.C., Mineral Kidge, O.
Edwards, William, Syracuse. O.
Eels, Cushing, Walla-Walla, W. T.
Eells, Dudley 13., Cincinnati, lo.
Eggleston, Nathaniel H , Enfield, Ct.
Elder, Hugh. Salem, Mass.
Eldredge, Erasmus D.. Kensington, N. H,
Eldridge, Joseph. Norfolk. Ct.
Elliot, Henry B., Litchfield, Ct.
Elliot, John, Rumford Point, Me.
Elliot. John E., Columbus, Neb.
Elliot, Joseph, Halifax, N. 8.
Elliot, Lester H., Winooski, Vt.
Ellis, G. R., Pescadero, Cal.
Ellis, John M., Oberlin. O.
Ellis, Thomas L., North Scituate. R. I.
Ellsworth, Alfred A., Weyuiouih Landing,
Mass.
Elmer, Hiram, Olivet, Mich.
Elwood, David M., Woodbridge, Ct.
Ely, Isaac. Chenango Forks, N. T.
Emerson, Alfred, Fitchburg, Mass.
Emerson, Brawn, Salem, Mass.
Emerson, Edward B., Stratford, Ct.
Emerson, John I).. Biddeford, Me.
Emerson, Joseph, Andover, Mass.
Emerson. Joseph. Beloit, Wis.
Emerson, Oliver, Sabula, lo.
Emerson, Rufus, Indian Orchard, Mass.
Emer.son. Rufus W., Monson, Me.
Emerson, Thomas A., Wolfeboro', N. H.
Emery, .Joshua. North Weymouth, Mass.
Emery, Samuel. H., Providence, R. I.
Emmons, Henry V., Lancaster, N. H.
Emmons, John. Alpine. Mich.
Entler, George R., Fr.inklin,N. T.
Esler, William P.,(Jlivet. Mich.
Estabrook, Joseph, East Saginaw, Mich.
Ethridge. Albert. Princeton, 111.
Eustis, AVilliam T., Jr., Springfield, Mass.
Evans, B., Oliphant, Pa.
Evans, D. A., Audenried, Pa.
Evans, D. E., Hubbard, O.
Evans, David M.. Berea, O.
Evans, E. B., Hyde Park, Pa.
Evans, F. T.. Blossburg, Pa.
Evans, J., Carbondale, Pa.
Evans, J. S., Chester, N. J.
Evans, John P., Plymouth, Pa.
Evans. Robert T. (Wis.)
Evans, Samuel E.,East Providence, R. I.
Evans, Thomas, Palmyra, O.
Evarts, Nathaniel K., Codyville. Mich.
Everdell, Robert, Murone, Wis.
Everts, Reuben, Amboy. 111.
Everest, Charles H., Brooklyn, N. T.
Everett, Robert, Kemsen, N. Y.
Ewing. Edward C, Enfield, Mass.
Fnirbank, John B., Fort Wayne. Ind.
Fairbank, Samuel B., A. B. C. F. M., West-
erv Inilia.
Fairbanks, Edward T., St. Johnsbury Cen-
tre. Vt.
Fairbanks, Francis G., Westminister East,
Vt.
Fairbanks, Henry, Hanover, N. H.
I'airchild, Edwin H., Berea, Ky.
Fairchlld, James H., Oberlin, O.
Fairfield, E. B., Mansfield, O.
Fairfield, Minor W., Dartford, Wis.]
Fiiirley, Samuel, Wellfleet, Mass.
Falkner. Bishop, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Farnhara, Lucien. Newark, HI.
Farnsworth, Wilson A., A. B. C. F. M.,
Western Turkey.
Farrar, John A., Centre Lisle, N, T.
Farwell, Asa, Bentonsport, lo.
Fawkes, Francis, Otisville, lo.
Fay, Henry C Harwichport, Mass.
Fay, Levi L.,Moss Run, O.
Fay, N. T., Prairie Depot. O.
Fay, Osmer W., Lombard, HI.
Fay, Prescott. Minneapolis, Minn.
Fay, Solomon P.. Bangor, Me. -
Fee, John G., Berea. Ky.
Feemster, Paul S., Chattanooga, Tenn.
Feemster, Samuel C, Columbus, Miss.
Feemster. Z. E., Gainsville, Mo.
Felch, Charles P., Lacon, HI.
Fellows, Franklin E., Sutton, Mass.
Fellows, Silenus H., Wauregan, Ct.
Fenn, Stephen, Watertown, Ct.
Fenn, William H., Portland, Me.
Fenwick, Kenneth M., Kingston, Ont.
Ferrin, Clark E., Hinesbarg, Vt.
Ferris, Leonard Z., Lawrence, Mass.
Fessenden, Samuel C, Washington, D. C.
Fessenden, Thomas K., Farmington, Ct.
Field, Artemas C, Alstead Centre, N. H.
Field, George W., Bangor, Me.
Field, Pindar, Hamilton, N. Y.
Field, Thomas P., New London, Ct.
Fifield, Lebbeus B., Lincoln, Neb.
Finney, Charles G., Oberlin, O.
Fisher, Caleb E., Lawrence. Mass.
Fisher, George E., South Hadley Falls, Maes.
Fischer, George P., New Haven, Ct.
Fisher, George W., Peacedale, R. I.
Fisk, Eli C. Havana. III.
Fisk, Franklin W., Chicago, HI.
Fisk, Perrin B.. Lyndonville, Vt.
Fiske, Albert W., Fisherville, N. H.
Fiske, Asa S., Rockville, Ct.
Fiske, Daniel T.. Newburyport, Mass.
Fiske, Herman, Dubuque,"lo.
Fiske, John B., Manistee, Mich.
Fiske, John O.. Bath, Me.
Fiske, Warren C, Wolcott. Ct.
Fitch, Albert W., Williams Field, O.
Fitts, Calvin R., Cohasset, Mass.
Fitts, James H., West Boylslon, Mass.
Kitz, Edward B., Packardville, Maws.
Fitzmaurice, John W., Pinckney, Mich.
Fleming, Archibald. Constable. N. Y.
Fletcher, Adin H., Frankfort, Mich.
Fletcher, James, Danvers, Mass.
Flint, Ephraim, Jr., Hinsdale, Mass.
Fobes, William A., Halifax, Mass.
Follett, Walter, Temple, N. H.
Folsom, George De F., Northford, Ct.
Foot, William, Gustavus, O.
Foote, Hiram, Waukesha, Wis.
Foote, Horatio, Quincy, 111.
Foote, Lucius, Rockford, Wis.
Forbes, Samuel B., West Winsted, Ct.
Ford, James T., Charleston, S. C.
Forsyth, William, Bucksport, Me.
Fosdick, A. J., Milford. N. H.
Foster, Addison P., Maiden, Mass.
Foster, Amos, Putney. Vt.
Foster, Andrew B., Orange, Mass.
Foster, Davis, North Winchendon, Ma.ss.
Foster, Eden B., Lowell. ^L1ss.
Foster. Edgar L., Milltown, Me.
Foster, Lemuel, Washiugtou Heig-bts, 111.
ICO
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan.
Foster, Rosvell, Kebraska City, Neb.
Foster, William C, Civil BMid, lo.
Fowlu. H-miford. Fulton. Wis.
Fow'er, Stacy, Miilbury, Mass.
Fowler, Thomas L., Westmoreland, N. H.
FowliT, William C, Durham Centre, Ct.
Fox, Daniel W., South Koyaltoa, Vt.
Fox, Jared W., Ridgeway, Kan.
Francis, C. W., Atlanta, Ga.
Francis. Lewis. Castleton, Vt.
Frary, Lucien H.. Middleton,MaB8.
Fraser, J., Montreal, Que.
Fraser, James M., Whittlesey, O.
Frear. Walter, Honolulu, H. I.
Freeland. Samufl M., Detroit, Mich.
Freeman, George E., Milford, N. H.
Freeman, Hiram, Ames, lo.
Freeman, John R., Barkhamsted, Ct.
Freeman, Joseph, York, Me.
French, J. Clement, Brooklyn, N. Y.
French, Lyndon 8., Franklin, Vt.
French, s" Franklin, Hamilton, Mass.
Frink, B. Merrill, 8aco, Me.
Fiink, Dennis C, New Boston, N. H.
Frisbie, Alvah L., Danhury, Ct.
Frost, Daniel D., Litchfield, Mich.
Frost, Luther P., Janesville, Wis.
Fry, George V., Lexington, O.
Fry, H. B., Carthage, Mo.
Fuller, Americus. Rochester, Minn.
Fuller, Francis L., Chicaeo, 111.
Fuller, H. T., Peshtigo, Wis,
Fuller, Joseph, Vershire, Vt.
Fuller, Robert W., Stowe, Mass.
Fullerton, Robert M., Palmer. Mass.
Fullerton, J. E., Cuniberlatid Mills. Me.
Furber, Daniel L., Newton Centre, Mass.
Gage, William L., Hartford, Ct.
Gale, Edmund, Faribault, Minn.
Gale, Nahura, Lee, Mass.
Gale, Sullivan F.. New Marlboro, Mass.
Gale, AV^akefield, Easthampton, Mass.
Gale, W. P., Williamsburg, lo.
Gallup, James A., Madison. Ct.
Galpin, Charles. Excelsior, Minn.
Gammell, Screno D., Bo^ford, Mass.
Gannett, Allen, Boston, Mass.
Gardner, Austin, Canton Centre, Ct.
Garland. David, Bethel. Me.
Garland, Joseph, Hampton, N. H.
Garman, John H.. North Orange, Mass.
Garrette, Edmund Y.. Pittsburg, Pa.
Gates, Charles H., Buxton. Me.
Gates, Hiram N., Northfield, Ct.
Gates, Matthew A.. Salem. N. H.
Gay, Ebenezer, Bridgewater. Mass.
Gay. Joshua 8., Brooktield, Vt.
Gay. William M.. Cumniington, Mass.
Gaylord, Joseph F., Worthington, Mass.
tjaylord, Reuben, Omaha. Neb.
Gaylord, William L., West Meriden, Ct.
Gear. Daniel L.. Sugar Grove, Pa.
Geer. Heman, Monroe, O.
Geikie, Archibald. Canaan, Ct.
Gcrould, Moses, Concord. N. H.
Gerould, Samuel L.. GoflTstown, N. H.
Gerry, Elbridge, Oregon City. Or.
Gibbs, Charles, Cedar Falls, lo.
Gibbs. John, Bell Port. L. I.
Gibbs, Samuel T., Whitby, Ont.
Giddings. Edward J., Housatouic, Mass.
Giddings, Solomon 1*.. Rutland, Vt.
Gidman, Richard H., Lisle, N. Y.
Gilbert. Edwin R., Wallingford. Ct.
Gilbert. Henry B., Pottervillc, Va.
Gilbert, Hiram \V,, Peru. Mass.
Gilbert. James B., Toledo. lo.
Gilbert, L. C, East Prairieville, Minn.
Gilbert, L. G., Lindon, 111.
Gilbert. William H.. Hartford, Ct.
Gill, William, River Falls, Wis.
Gillespie, Thomas, Bristol. Wis,
Gilman, Edward W., Stonington, Ct,
Gladden, Washington, Norih Ad;im8, Mass.
Gleason, Anson, Brooklj-u, X. Y.
(ileason, Charles H.. Soniers, Ct
Gleason, George L , Manchester. Mass.
Glidden, Kiah B., Mansfield Centre, Ct.
Glidden, N. Dimic, Grand Ledge, Mich.
Glines, Jeremiah, Granby, Vl.
Goddard, Charles G., West Harllaud,Ct.
Goldsmith, Alfred, West Avon, Ct.
Goodell, Constans L., New Britain, Ct.
Goodenough, .Arthur, Winchester, Ct.
Goodenow, Smith B., Como, III.
Goodhue, Daniel, West field, Vt.
Goodhue, Henry A., West Barnstable, Mass.
Goodhue, iSIathaniel G., Johnstown, Wis.
Goiidnough, .\lger:ion M., Vallejo. Cat.
Goodriclf, Chauncey, A. B. C. F. M., North
China.
Goodrich, Darius N., Ben^onia,Mich.
Goodrich, John E.. Burlington, Vt.
Gnodrich, Lewis, Wells, Me.
Goodsell, Dana, Philadelphia, Pa.
Goodwin, Daniel, Mason, N. H.
Goodwin, Edward P., Chicago, 111.
Goodwin, Henry M., Rockford. 111.
Goodyear, George, Temple, N, H.
Gore, Darius, La Ilarpe, 111.
Gould, David H.. Moriah, N. Y.
Gould, George H., Hartford, Gt.
Gould, Mark, Chichester, N. M.
Gould, Samuel L., Albany, Me.
(jould, William, Pawtucket, R. I.
Graf, John F., Davenport, lo.
Granger, Calvin, Hubbardton, Vt.
Grmger, John L., Altona, III.
Grant, Henry M., Smyrna, N. Y.
Grant, Joel, Cambridge, 111.
Grassie, Thomas G., Methuen, Mass.
(iravcs, Alpheus. Bradford, lo.
Gr.ives, Joseph S., Roscoe, 111.
Uiaves, N. Z., Middlebury, Vt.
Graves, Roswell. Mokelumne Hill, Cal.
(iniy, Calvin, Geneva, Kan.
Gray, 1). B., Oakland, Cal.
Gray, James. Sevile, O.
Gray. John, Harristown, 111.
tJr:iy, Matthew S., Amaranth, Ont
Gray, Thomas M., Derby. Ct.
(Jrevley, Edward H., H^Iv .iliill, N. H.
Greeley, Stephen 8. N., Oswigo, N. Y.
(ireen. J. P.. A. M. A., Sandwich Ixlanrla.
iiri-p.n, J. S., A. M. A., Saiidwirh Islands.
Oreene, Albro L,. Richford, N. Y.
Greene. Daniel C, A. B. C. F. M., Jnpan.
Gr('ene, Henry 8., Ballard Vale, Mass.
<.ieene, John M.. Lowell, Mass.
(Jroone, .Joseph K., A. B. C. F. M., Western
Turkey.
Greene, Kichard G., Springfield, Mass.
Greene, William B.. Needhara, Mass.
(ireenwood. John, New Milford, Ct.
Gregg, James, (Mich.)
Gregory, Lewis, West -Amesbury, Mass.
Gridley, Frederick. Stratford, Ct.
Griffin, Edward H., Burlinglou, Vt.
Griftin, George H.. Milford, Ct.
Griffin, Nathaniel H., Williamstown, Mass
Grillitlm, Evan, Flint Creek, lo,
Griffiths, (}., New Cambria, Mo.
Gritiitlis, James. Utica, N. Y.
Griffiths, John R., Floyd. N. Y.
Griffiths, Griffith, (Ohio.)
Griggs, Leverett, Bristol, Ct.
I87I.]
List of Congregational Ministers,
191
Origgs, L. S., Lowell, Mich.
OroH, Jot^eph, Ottawa, III.
Grcsveiior, Cliarli s P., Canterbury, Ct,
Grosvenor. M., Oincinniiti. O.
(irout. Aldin, A. B. C. F. M., South Africa
<i rout, Henry M., Boston, Maes.
Grout, Lewis, West Brattleboro', Vt.
Grout, Samuel IST., PJlmore, Neb.
Grover, B., .Aurora, O.
Grover, N. W., Mantorville, Minn.
Grush, Jam< s W., Hopkiiiton, N. Y.
Guernsey, Jesse, Dubuque, lo.
Guild, Charles L., Cottonwood Falls, Kan.
Guild, Rufus B., Galva, HI.
Gulick, John T., A. B. C. F. M., North China.
Gulifk, L. H., New Haven, Ct.
Gulick, Oramel H., A. B. C. F. M., Japan.
Gulick, Peter J.. Honolulu, Sandwich Isl-
ands.
Gulliver, John P., Galesburg, 111.
Gurney, John H., Foxcroft. Me.
Guyton. Jacob F., Loui.sville, Kan,
Gyr, H., Sherrill's Mound, To.
Hackett, Simon, Temple, Me.
Hadley^ James B., Campton, N. H,
Haines, T. V., North Hampton, N. H.
Hale, Benjamin E., Beloit, Wis.
Hale, John U., Chester, Vt.
Haley, Frank, Candia, N. H.
Haley, John W.,Duxbury, Mass.
Hall, Alexander, CoUinsville, Ct.
Hall, Eliot C, Kiantone, N. Y.
Hall, E. Edwin, Fairhaven, Ct.
Hall, Gordon, Northampton, Mass,
Hall, Heman B., Dover, O.
Hall, James, Leon, Wis.
Hall, James E., Quincy, Mass.
Hall, Jeffries, Chesterfield, N. H.
Hall, Ogden, Chatham, Mass.
Hall, Richard, St. Paul, Minn,
Hall, R. T., Pittsford, Vt.
Hall, Robert V., Newport, Vt.
Hall, Samuel R., Brownington, Vt.
Hall, Sherman, Sauk Rapids, Minn.
Hall, Thomas A., Otis, Mass.
Hall, William, Little Valley, N. Y.
Hall, William K., Stratford, Ct.
H:iU'y. Eben, Cincinnati, O.
Halliday, Ebenezer, Angola, Ind.
Halliday, Joseph C., Oakham, Mass.
liallock, J. A., salem, lo.
Hallock, Leavitt H., Berlin, Ct.
Hallock, Luther C, Miller's Place, L.I.
Hallock, William A., Jamestown, N. Y.
Hallock, William A., 150 Nassau St., N. Y.
Hallowcll, Jonas P., Isle-au-Haut, Me.
Hamilton, B. Franklin, North Andover,
Mass.
Hamilton, J. A., Davenport, lo.
Hamlen.Chnuncey L., Brooklyn, O.
Harelin, A. N., Westerville, O.
Hamlin. Cyrus, Bellows Falls, Vt.
Hamlin, Cyrus, Constantinople.
Hanmiond, ('harles, Monson, Mass.
Hammond. Henry L., Chicago, 111.
Hammond, William B., Acushnot, Mass.
Hammond, William P., Mianus, Ct.
Hampton, C. A,, Princeton. Minn.
Hancock. Charles, I )yersville, lo.
Hand, Leroy S., West Lyons, 111.
Hanks, -teadman W., Cambridge, Mass.
Hanniiig, James T., Marseilles, 111.
Harding, Charles, A. B. C. F. M., Western
India.
Harding, Henry F., Machias, Me.
Harding, John W., Longmeadow, Mass.
Harding, Sewall, Auburndale, Mass.
Harding, Willard M., Boston, Mass.
Hardy, George, Potsdam Junction, N. Y.
Harker. M., Clayton, Cal.
Harlan, S. D., InJi:iriapolis, Tnd.
Harlow, Edwin A , Wyandulle. Kan.
Harlow, Lincoln, Council Grove, Kan.
Harlow, Rufus K., Portland, Me.
Haimon, Elijah, Winchester, N. H.
HaipCr, Alnier, Port Byron, III.
Harrnli, Charles C, Munroe, lo.
Harrington, Eli W., North Beverly, Mass.
Harris, Geoige, Jr., Aubur;i, Me.
Harris, I. S., Bloomingdale, 111.
Harris James \V., Evansville, Wis.
Harris, Leonard W., Lunenburg, Vt.
Han is, Samuel, Brunswick, Me.
Harris, Samuel L., New Oileans, La.
Harris, Stephen, West Suffield, Ct.
Ilarri-son, Charles S., Earlville, 111.
Harrison, George J. Millon, ( ,t.
Harrison, James, Chicago, 111.
Hairison, Joseph, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Harrison, Phares, San Buenaventura, Cal.
Harrison, Samuel, Portland, Mc.
Hart, Burdett, Philadelphia, Pa.
Hart, Edwin J., Cottage Grove, Minn.
Hart, Henry B., North Deer l.sle, Me.
Hart, Henry E., Ea.sthanipton, Cl.
Hart, I. A., Wheaton, 111.
Hart, John C, Ravenna, O.
Hart, William, Bath, Me.
Hartshorne, VaoUi J., Enfield, N. H.
Hartwell, Charles. A. B. C. F. M., China.
Haitwell, John, Becket, Mass.
Harvey, Charf s A., Middletown, N. Y.
Harvey, Wheelock N., New York City.
Harvey, William F., Jamestown, lo.
Harwood, Henry E., East Machias, Me.
Harwood, James IL, Chicago, 111.
Haskell, Ezra, Dover, N. H.
Haskell, Henry C, A. B. C. F. M., European
Tii7-key.
Haskell, John, JewettCity, Ct.
Haskell, Thomas N., Aurora, 111.
Haskell, William H., West Falmouth, Me.
Haskins, Benjamin F., Victoria, ill.
Hassell, Richard, Windsor, Wis.
Hastings, Frederick, St. John, N. B.
Hatch, Ellas W., East Berkshire, Vt.
Hatch, Reuben, Traverse City, Mich.
Hathaway, D. E., Wadsworth, O.
Hathawiiy, George W., Skowhegan, Me.
Haven, John, Charlton, Mass.
Haven, Joseph, Chicago, III.
Havens, Daniel W., East Haven, Ct.
llaviland, B. F., Lewis, lo.
Hawes, Edward, I'hiladelphia, Pa.
Ilawes, Josiah T., Lit hfieUi, Me.
Hawkes, Theron H., Marietta, O.
Hawkes, Winfield S., 'Aapping, Ct.
Hawley, John P., South Coventry, Ct.
Hay, Robert, Crystal Lake, 111.
Hay, William, Scotland, Ont.
Hayden, Hiram C, Paincsville, O.
Ha\ es, Joseph M., West Salem, Wis.
Haves, Stephen H., Boston, Mass.
Haytord, A. D., Crary's Mills, N. Y.
Hayward, Sylvanus, Soulh Berwick, Me.
Hayward, William H., Magnolia, lo.
Hazeri, Allen, A. B. C. F. M., Ahmednuggur
Hazen, Austin, Jericho Centre, Vt.
Hazen, Azel W., Middletown. Ct.
Hazen, Henry A., Pittslield, N. H.
Hazen, Timothy A., Housatonic, Mass.
Hazen, William S., Northtteld, Vt.
Hazlewood, Webster, Assabet, Mass.
Headley, Phineas C, Boston, Mass.
Hcaley, .Joseph W., New Orleans, La.
Heatou, Isaac E., Fremont, Neb.
192
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan.
Helmer, Charles D., Chicago, 111.
Helms, Stephen D., Lima, lo.
Hemenway, Daniel, Suffield, Ct.
Heminwaj-, A., West Hartford, Vt.
Henderson, J. H. C, Eugene City, Or.
Henry, William D., Cambridge, Pa.
Herod, J. L., Austin, Tex.
Herrick, Edward E., Chelsea. Vt.
Herrick, Geo. F., A. B. C. F. M., Western
Turkey.
Herrick, ITenry, North Woodstock, Ct.
Herrick, Horace, Wolcott, Vt.
Herrick, James, A. B. C. F. M., Madura,
Herrick, John K., Bangor, Me.
Herrick, Stiniuel E., Chelsea, Mass.
Herrick, Stephen L., Grinnell, lo.
Herrick, William D.. North Amherst, Mass.
Herrick, William T., Clarendon, Vt.
Hess, Henry, Fort Atkinson, lo.
Hetrick, Andrew J., Westport, Ct.
Hewitt. Elias W., Pecatonica, 111.
Hibbard, Charles, Piano, 111.
Hihbard, David S., Ossipee Centre, N. H.
Hibbard, Hufus P., Greenfield Hill, Ct.
Hickok, Dormer L., North Bloomtield, O,
Ilickok, Henry P., Burlington, Vt.
Hicks, Frederick, Panama, C. A.
Hicks, W. C, Big Springs, Wis.
Hickmott, J. V., Grand Blanc, Mich.
Hidden, Ephraim N., Great Falls, N. H.
Hidden, Samuel N., Middleborough, Mass.
Higgins, ]>uciu8 H., Lanark, 111.
Higley, Harvey O., Castlcton, Vt.
Higley, Henry M., Addison, N. Y.
Higley, Henry 1'., Bchnt, Wis.
Hill, Dexter D., Dundee. 111.
Hill, Edwin S., Atlantic, lo.
Hill, George E., Southport, Ct,
Hill, W. 8.,Bovier, Mo.
Hillard, Elias B., Plymouth, Ct.
Hilyer, S. Lee, Oberiiii, O.
Hincks, Edward Y., Portland, Me.
ilindley, John L, Frome, Out.
Hine, Orlo D., Lebanon, Ct.
Hine, ^Sylvester, Higaanum, Ct.
Hinman, Horace IL, ironton, Wis.
Hinsdale, Charles J., Blandford, Mass.
Hitchcock, A. B., Moline, III.
Hitchcock. George B., Petersville, Kan.
Hitchcock, Henry C, Kenosha, Wis.
Hitchcock, Milan K., A. B. C. F. M., West-
ern Turlciy.
Hitchcock, Vv. W., West Point. 111.
Hoadley, L. Ives, New Haven, Ct.
llobart, L. Smith, Syracuse, N. Y.
Hobart, Milo, Gustavus, O.
Hubbs, Simon L., Irving, Mass.
Hoddle, Henry, College Corner, Ind.
Hodges, James, Dur.ind, 111.
Hodges, S. II., Washington. D. C.
Hodgman, Edwin U., Weslford, Mass.
Hof, Philip J., Boscobel, Wis.
Holbrook, Amos, Douglas, Mass.
Holbrook, John C., Stockton, Cal.
Holbrook. M. K., Kelley's Maud, O.
Holiday. IL/nry M., Ilartland, ().
Holley, Piatt T., Bridgeport, Ct.
Holiister, B. II., Hancock, Mich.
Hulman, Morris, Deering, N. U.
Holman, Sidney, Goshen, Mass.
Holmes, Henry M., Benson, Vt.
Holmes, James, Bennington, N. H.
Holmes, tui.r, Kcjnkonkoma, L. I.
Holmes, 'I'lieodori^ J.. East Hartford, Ctt
Holmes, 'i'lioinas IL, Clay, lo.
Holmes, Willi.im, South Pass, 111.
Holton, 1. F., Everett, Mass.
Holway, John, Grand iiapids, Mich.
Holyoke, William E., Chicago, 111.
Homes, Francis, Lynn, Mass.
Hood, George A., Savannah, Ga.
Hood, Jacob, Lynntield C -ntre, Mass.
Hooker, E. Cornelius, Stoekbridge, Mass.
Hooker, Edward P., Middlebury, Vt.
Hooker, Edward T., Middletown, Ct.
Hooker, Edward W., Boston Highlands,
Mass.
Hooker, Henry B., Boston, Mass.
Hoover, Charles, River Head. L. I.
Hopkins, Albert, Williamstown, Mass.
Hopkins, Erastus, Northampton, Mass,
Hopkins, Henry, Westfield, Mass.
Hopkins, Mark, Williamstown, Mass.
Hopkins, Samuel, Standish, Me.
Hopkinson, Benjamin B., Ashford, Ct.
Hopley, Samuel, Norwich, Ct.
Hoppin, James M., New Haven, Ct.
Horton, Francis, Barringtou, R. I.
Hosford, H. B., Hudson, O.
Hosford, Isaac, North Thetford, Vt.
Hosmer, Samuel D., Nantucket, Mass.
Hough, Jesse W., Jackson, Mich.
Hough, Joel J., Franklin, N. Y.
Hough, Lent S., Salem, Ct.
Houghton, Amasa H., Lansing, lo,
Houghton, James C, Burlington, Vt.
Houghton, James D., Oneida, N. Y.
Houghton, John C, Island I'ond, Vt.
Houghton, William A., Berlin, Mass.
House, A. v., Otho, lo.
House, William, Londonderry, N. H.
Houston, Hiram, Deer Isle, Me.
Hovenden, Robert, Chelsea, Mich.
Hovey, George, L., Hartford, Ct.
Howard, H. L., Atkinson, III.
Howard, Jabez T., West Charlestown, Vt.
Howard, Martin S., Wilbraham, Mass.
Howard, Rowland B., Princeton, 111.
Howard, William, North Guilford, Ct.
Howe, Benjamin, Hudson, N. H.
Howe, E. Frank, Terre Haute, Ind.
Howe, Elbridge G., Waukegan, 111.
Howell, James, Granby, yue.
Howland, William W., A. B. C. F. U.,Ceylon,
Hoyt, James P., Sherman, Ct.
Hoyt, James S., Port Huron, Mich.
Hubbard, Charles L., Merrimack, N. H.
Hubbard, Chauncey H., Bennington, Vt.
Hubbard, George B., Atlanta, lil.
Hubbard, James M., Granlville, Mass.
Hubbard, Thomas S., Rochester, Vt.
Hubbell, Henry L., Ann Arbor, Mich,
Hubbell, James W., New Haven, Ct.
Hubbell, Stephen, Long liidge, Ct.
Hubbell, William 8., West Uoxbiiry, Mass.
Hudson. Alfred S., Burlington, Mass.
Hughes, 1). E., Ta Maqua, Pa.
Hughes, W. T., Parisville. O.
Hughson, Simeon S., Newark, N. J.
Hulhert, Calvin B., Newark, N. J.
Humphrey, Chester C., Tipton, lo.
Humphrey, John P., East St. Johnsborough,
Vt.
Humphrey, Luther, Windham, O.
Humphrey, Simon J., Chicago, 111. .
Hungerford, Edward, Burlington, Vt.
Hunt, Lewis M., Jack.>on, Mich.
Hunt, N. A., Verno'L Centre, Minn.
Hunt, Nathan 3., Ho/.rah, Ct.
Hunt, Ward I.. Eden, N. Y.
Hunter, Robert C, Nevinville, lo.
Ilunlmglon, Andrew, (N. Y.)
Huntington, Elijah B., Stamford, Ct.
Huntington, George. Oak Park, 111.
Huntington, Henry 8., Warner, N. H.
Huntress, Edward S., Wareham, Mass.
I87I.]
List of Congregational Ministers.
193
Hurd, Albert C, Durham Centre, Ct.
Hurd, Fayette, Orford. lo.
Hurd, Ph'ilo R., Port Huron, Mich.
Hurlburt, Kverett B., Irvington, Neb.
Hurlburt, Joseph, Fort Atkinson, lo.
Hurlburt, Thaddeus B., Upper Alton, 111.
Hurlbut, Joseph, Now London, Ct.
Huson, John T., Bedford, Mo.
Husted, John T., Sherwood, Mich.
Hutchins, C. J., Petaluma, Cal.
Hutchins, Robert G., Brooklyn, N. T.
Hutchinson, Henry H., WestBrookville, Me.
Hutchinson, John C., (Mass.)
Hyde, Azariah, Wataga, 111.
Hyde, Charles, Hartford, Ct.
Hyde, Charles M., Haverhill, Mass.
Hyde, Harvey, Independent Hill, Va.
Hyde, Henry F., Pomfrft, Ct.
Hyde, James T., Chicago, 111.
Hyde, Nathaniel A., Indianapolis. Ind.
Hyde, Silas S., Benton Harbor, Mich.
Hyde, William A., Lyme, Ct.
Ide, Alexis W., "West Medway, Mass,
Ide, George H., Hopkinton, Mass.
Ide, Jacob, West Medway, Mass.
Ide, J.acob, Jr., Mansfield, Mass.
Tlsley, Horatio, South Freeport, Me.
Ingalls, Francis T., Olathe, Kan.
Ingham, Samuel, Andover, Ct.
Ireland. William, A. B. C. F. M., South
Africa.
Irons, Charles, Bowling Green, O.
Irons, William, Hubbardston, Mich,
Isham, Austin, Roxbury, Ct.
Ives, Alfred E., Castine, Me.
Jackson, Benjamin F.. Charleston, S. C.
Jackson, George, Baton Kouge, La.
Jackson, Samuel C, Andover, Mass.
Jackson, Samuel N., Montreal, Que.
Jackson, William C., South Acton, Mass.
Jacobs, Henry, Wayne, 111.
Jacobus, Isaac, .Junction City, Kan.
Jaggar, Edwin L., Southbridge, Mass,
James, Horace, New York, N. Y.
James, Nathan B., New Orleans, La.
James, William, Woodhaven, L. I.
Jameson, Ephraim O., Salisbury, Mass.
Jameson, James, Muscoda, Wis.
Jameson, Thomas, Exeter, N. H,
Janes, E., Cloverdale, Cal.
Janes, Frederick, Dana, Mass,
Jeffords, Forest, South Boston, Mass.
Jeffers, Deodate, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Jenkins, J. H., Marietta, O.
Jenkins, John J., Palmyra, O.
Jenkins, John L., Castile, N. Y,
Jenkins, .Jonathan L., Amherst, Mass,
Jenkins, S., Radnor, O.
Jenkins, Tliomas, Radnor, O.
Jenny, Elisha, Galesburg, 111.
Jennings, Isaac, Bennington Centre, Vt.
Jennings, William .!., Coventry, Ct.
Jennison, Edwin, Winchester, N. H.
Jesup, Henry G., Amherst, Mass.
Jewett, George B., Salem, Mass.
Jewett, H. E., Redwood, Cal.
Jewett. John E. B., Peppcrell, Mass.
Jewett, Merrick A., Terre Haute, Ind.
Jewett. Spoftbrd D., Middlefield, Ct.
Jewett, William R., Fishorville, N. H.
Jocelyn, Simeon S,, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Johns, Reading B., Hartford. Ct.
Johnson, Albion H., Antioch, Cal.
Johnson, Alfred P., Woodstock, 111.
Johnson, Charles P., Woodstock, 111.
Johnson, Edwin. Bridgeport, Ct.
Johnson, F. A., Durh.am, Me.
Johnson, Gideon 8., Hale, 111.
SECOND SERIES. — VQL. III. NO. I,
Johnson, Henry, Berea, O.
Johnson, Henry E., Woonsockot, R. I,
Johnson, James G., Rutland, Vt.
Johnson, J. A., Santa Barbara, Cal.
Johnson, Joseph B., Boston, Mass.
Johnson, Joseph R., Herndon. Va.
Johnson, Samuel, Newark Valle}', N. Y.
Johnson, Wilbur, Sandwich, Mass.
Johnston, John. East Ashford, N. Y.
Jones, Charles, Saxonville, Mass.
Jones, Clinton M.. Hampton, Ct
Jones, Daiiiel J., Walnut Hills, O.
Jones, Darius E., Burlington, lo.
Jones. David. Arena. Wis.
Jones, David, Hichville, N. Y.
Jones, D. Jerome, Fairfax, lo.
Jones, D. S., Granville, O.
Jones, D. T., Mahanoy, Pa.
Jones, Eben D., Syracuse, O.
Jones, Elisha C., .Southington, Ct.
Jones, Enoch, Thurman, O.
Jones, Franklin C, Franklin, Ct.
Jones, George M., Callao, Mo.
Jones, Harvey, Grasshopper Falls, Kan,
Jones, Henry, Bridgeport, Ct.
Jones, Henry W., Hingham Centre, Mass.
Jones, James, Union Grove, Wis.
Jones, Jesse H., Natick, Mass.
Jones, John B., Granville, O.
Jones, John H., Delaware, O.
Jones, John V., Summit Hill, Pa.
Jones, Jonathan J., New York City,
Jones, Jonathan, Spring Green, Wis.
Jones, Joseph H., Portland, Ind.
Jones, T.,emuel, Macomb, 111.
Jones, Owen P., Turin, N. Y.
Jones, R. Gwesyn, Utica, N. Y.
Jones, Samuel, Middle Granville, N. Y.
Jones, Thomas, Mattawan, Mich.
Jones, Thomas G., Arvonia, Kan.
Jones, Thomas R., Ebensburg, Pa.
Jones, Warren G., Bozrah, Ct.
Jordan, William V., South Sanford, Me.
Joss, A. A., Fort Atkinson, Wis.
Joyslin, William P., Wenhani, Mass.
Judisch, Frederick AY.. Grandview, lo.
Judson, Philo, Rocky Hill, Ct.
Judson, Sylvanus M , Sylvania. O.
Karr, William S., Keene, N. H.
Kean, J. R,, Cornwallis, N. S.
Kedzie, Adam S., Dexter, Mich.
Keeler, Seneca M., Madison, N. Y.
Keeler, Seth H., Mt. Vernon, N. H.
Keene, Luther, Franklin, Mass.
Keep, John, Stockbridge, Wis.
Keith, A. F., Windham, ("!t.
Keep, John R., Haitford. Ct.
Keep, Theo. J. , Oberlin, O.
Kellogg, Erastus M., Manchester, N.H.
Kellogg, Martin, Oakland, Cal.
Kellogg, Sylvanus H., Wayne, III.
Kelsey, Henrj' 8., Hollis'on, Mass.
Kelsey, Lysander, Columbus, O.
Kelso, Samuel, Bryan, O.
Kemp, George S., West Newfield, Me.
Kendall, Henry A., East Concord, N. H.
Kendall, Reuben S., Vernon, Ct.
Kendall, S. C, Milford. Mas-.
Kennedy, Joseph R., Virginia, 111.
Kent, Cephas II., Ripton, Vt.
Kent, Evarts, Billerica, Mass.
Ketchum, Silas, Bristol, N. H.
Keyes, Russell M., Conneaut, O.
Kidder, A., West Eau Claire, Wis.
Kidder, Corbin, Orland, Ind.
Kidder, James W.. Norfolk, Neb.
Kidder, John 8., Rochester. Mich.
Kilbourn, James, Racine, Wis.
13
194
List of Congregational Mijiisters.
[Jan.
Kimball. Caleb, Medway, Mass.
Kimball, Giorge P., Wbeaton, 111.
Kimball, Jnmes P., Hajdenville, Mass.
Kimball, John, Oakland, Cal.
Kimball, Ri'ubeu, North Conway, N. H.
Kimball, Woodbury S., Farmington, N. H.
Kincaid, AVilliatn, Leavenworth, Kan.
Ki g, Stephen, Ryckman's Corner, Ont.
King, H. D., GustavLis, Ot
King, Beriali, Milwaukee, Wis.
Kingman, Matthew, Amher^t, Mass.
Kingsbury, Edward P., Dunstable, Mass.
Kingsbury, John D., Bradford, Mass.
Kingsbury, J. W., North Woodstock, Ct.
Kingsbury, Williiim H., Charlton, N. Y.
Ki'jgsley, J. C, Cleveland, O.
Kinney, Ezra D., Darien Depot, Ct.
Kinney, Martin P., Rockford, III.
Kirk, Edward N., Boston, Mass.
Kirkland, Elias E., Homestead Mich.
Kitchcl, Cornelius L., Guilford, Ct
Kifchel, Harvey D., Middlebury, Vt.
Kittrt-dge, Josiah E., Glastenbury, Ct.
Kiiapp, George C, A. B. C. F. M., Eastern
Turkey.
Knight, Elbridge, Maple Grove, Me.
Knight Merrick, Rocky Hill, Ct.
Knight, 1-. S., Salem. Or.
Knight, Richard, South Hadley Falls, Mass.
Knouse, William H.. Deep River, Ct.
Knowles, David, Salt Creek, Neb.
Knowllon, Francis B., AUtead, N. H.
Knowlton, Stephen, West Medway, Mass.
Knos, Wiiiia.n J., Augusta, N. Y.
Kribs, Luduick, Listowel, Ont.
KytP, Felix, Cumberland, N. Y.
Kyte, Joseph, Sandy Point, Me.
Labarec, lienjamin. West Rosbury, Mass.
Labaree, Benjamin, Jr., A.B.C.F. M., Nes-
tori ■ns.
Labaree, John C, Randolph, Mass.
Ladd, Alden, Koxbury, Vt.
Ladd. Daniel. Middlebury, Vt.
Ladd, George T., Edinburg, O.
Ladd. Horatio O.. Romeo, Mich.
Laird, James, Hollis, N. H.
Laird, James H. B.. Chicago, 111.
Lamb. Edward E., Shelburne Falls, Mass.
Lamson, Ch:is. M., North Bridgewater, Mass.
Lancashire, Henry, Saratoga, N. Y.
Lancaster, Daniel. New York City.
Landfeur, Rodi.iphus, Hartford. Ct.
Landgridge, R. s.. Mechanic Falls. Me.
Landon, George M., Monroe, Mich.
Lane, Daniel. IJelle Plaine, lo.
Lane, James P., Uristol, R. I.
Lane, John \V. Whately, Mass.
Lane, Lai mon B., Wellington, O.
Langworlhy, Isaac P., Chelsea, Mass.
Lanphcar, Orpheus T., Beverly, Mass.
Lasell, Nathaniel, West Newbury, Mass.
Lathrop, A. C, Glean wood. Wis.
Lathrop, S. E.. Viroqua. Wis.
Laurie, Thomas. Providence, R.I.
Lawrence, Amos E., Slockbridge, Mass.
Lawrence, Edward A.. Marblehead, Mass.
Lawrence. John. Wilton, Me.
Lawson, Francis, Beloit, Wis.
Leach. Cephas A.. Andover, Mass.
Leach, (riles, Meredith Village, N. H.
Leach, Joseph A., Keeiie, N. H.
I.,eavitt. George R., Cambridgeport. Mass,
Leavitt, Harvey F., Middlebury, Vt.
Leavitt, Joii.ithan, Providence, II. I.
Leavitt. Jonathan G., Patten, Me
Leavitt, Joshua, New York City.
Leavitt, William, Montieello, lo.
Leavitt, William S., Northampton, Mass.
LeBosquet, John, Danbury, N. H.
Lee, Hiram W.. Munnsville, N. Y.
Lee, Samuel. New Ipswich, N. U.
Lee, Samuel H., Greenfield, Mass.
Lees, John W., Lee, N. H.
Leeds, Samuel P., Hanover, N. H.
Leete, Theodore A., Blandford. Mass.
Leffiingwell, Lyman, Ontario, III.
Leonard. A., Franklinvilie, N.J.
Leonard, Delavau L., Normal, 111.
Leonard, Edwin, South Dartmouth, Mass.
Leonard, Hartford P., Westport, Mass.
Leonard, Julius Y., A. B.C. F. M., Western
Turkey.
Leonard, Lemuel, Odell, 111.
Leonard, Stephen C., oberlin. O.
Lewin, Henry. Greenville, La.
Lewis, D. R., Oskaloosa.
Lewis, Edwin N., Lisbon, 111.
Lewis, Everett E., Bethel, Vt.
Lewis, Edwin R.,Brooktield, O.
Lewis, Elisha M., Hudson, Mich.
Lewis, George, Rochester, N. H.
Lewis Richard, Lanark Village. Ont.
Lewis, William, Sandusky, Iv. Y.
Lewis, William S., Pleasanton, Mich.
Liggett. James D.. Leavenworth. Kan.
Lightbody, Thomas, Lamoille, 111.
Lincoln, John K., Bangor, Me.
Linsley, Amnii, North Haven, Ct.
Little, Arthur, Fon du Lac, Wis.
Little, Charles, Lincoln, Neb.
Littlefield, Ozias, Seneca, lo.
Litts, Palmer, Spring Valley, Minn.
Livermore, Aaron R., Lebanon, Ct.
Livingston, W. W., A. B. C. F. M., Western
Turkey.
Livingstone, Charles, (Mass).
Lloyd, John, Syracuse, O.
Lloyd. William A., Chicago, III.
Locke, Wm. E., A. B. C. F. M., European
Turkey.
Lockwood, Benjamin C, Brooklyn, N. Y,
Logan, R. W., Brunswick, O.
Longley, Moses M., Greenville. 111.
Loo mis, Alpa L. P., Elk Horn Wis.
Loomis, Aretas G., Greenfield, Mass.
Loomis, Elihu, Littleton, Mass.
Loomis, Henry, Jr., Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
Loomis, Theron, Menomonee, Wis.
Loper. Stephen A., Iladlyme, Ct.
Lord, Charles, Buckland, Mass.
Lord, Charles E.. Chester, Vt.
Lord, Daniel B., Lebanon, Ct.
Lord, John M., Plymouth, Mass.
Lord, Thomas N., Limerick, Me.
Lord, William H., Montpelier, Vt.
Loring, Amasa, East Sumner, Me.
Loring, Henry S., Amherst, Me.
Loring, .loseph. North Edgecomb, Me.
Loring, Levi, Wakeman, O.
Lothriip, Charles D., Amherst, Mass.
Lounsbury. Henry A., Shirley Village, Mass.
Love, William De L., Milwaukee, Wis.
Lowing, Henry D., Neosho, Mo.
Lowry, Samuel E., Newton, Mass.
Lucas, Hazael. Genesee, Mich.
Luce, Leonard, Westford. Mass.
Lum, Samuel Y., Lawreu'-e, Kan.
Lyie, William W., Seneca F.alls, N. Y.
Lyman, Addison, Chester City, lo.
Lyman, Albert J., Milford, Ct.
Lyman, Charles N., Dunlap, lo.
Lyman, David B., A. B. C. F.M., Sandwich
Inlands.
Lyman, Ephraim, Northampton, Mass.
Lyman, George, Amherst. Mass,
Lyman, Giles, Marlboro', N. H.
I87I.]
List of Congregational Ministers,
195
Lyman, Iluntington, Forest Grove, Or.
Lyman, Solomon, Easthampton, Mass.
I-yman, Timothy, West Granville, Mass.
Lyon, Amzi B., Ft-rrisbnrg, Vt.
Lyon, James H., Central Falls, R. I.
Maeallum, Daniel, Unionville, Ont.
Machin, Charles, ferownstown, Mich.
Mack. Josiah A., Peoria. III.
Macnab, William, West Newark, N. Y.
Magill, Seagrove W., Cornwall, Vt.
Magoun, George F., Grinnell, lo.
Mahan, Asa. Ailrian, Mich.
Mallory, W. W., Memphis, Tenn,
Maltby. Erastiis, Taunton. Mass.
Mundell, William A., Cambridge, Mass.
Manly, J. G., Toronto, Ont.
Mann, Asa, Bath, N. H.
Mann, Joel, New Haven, Ot.
Manning, Abel. Goffstown. N. H.
Manning, .Jacob M.. Boston. Mass.
Manning, Samuel, Thompson, O.
Manson, Albert, Qiiasqucton, lo.
Manwell, Benjamin F.. Blandford, Mass.
Marble, William H., Prairie-du-Chien, Wis.
Marden, .\. L.,Piermont, N. H.
Marden, George N.,Farmington, Me.
Marden, Henry, A. B. C. F. M., Central
Turkey.
Marling, Francis H., Toronto, Ont,
Marsh, A. F.. Shelhurne. Mass.
Marsh, Abraham, Tolland, Ct.
Marsh, Charles E., Summer Hill, 111.
Marsh, D.Dana. Georgetown. Mass.
Marsh, Dwight W.. Whitney's Point, N. Y.
Marsh, FredericK, Winchester Centre, Ct.
Marsh, John T., Harper.*field, N. Y.
Marsh, Joseph, Thettbrd, Vt.
Marsh, Loring B., Huntington, Ct.
Marsh, Saiuuel, Underbill, Vt.
Marsh, Sidney H., Forest Grove. Or.
Martin, Benjamin N.,New York City.
Martin, Moses M., Black Earth, AVis.
Martin, Solon. West Falrlee, Vt.
Martyn, Sanford S., New Hartford, Ct.
Martyn, William C, St. Louis, Mo.
Marvin, Abijah P., Worcester, Mass.
Marvin, Charles S., Jamestown, lo.
Marvin, David W.,
Marvin, Elihu P., Wellesley, Mass.
Marvin, Sylvanns P., Woodbridge, Ct.
Mason, Edward B., Ravenna, O.
Mason, James D., Shell Rock, lo.
Mason, Javan K., Thomaston, Me.
Mather, Richard H., Amherst, Mass.
Mathews, Luther P., Colesburg, lo.
Matsen, Henry, Nelson, O.
Matthews. Caleb W., Sun Prairie, Wis.
Matthews, Luther P.. Colesbury, lo.
Maxwell, Abram, Weld. Me.
Maynard, Joshua L.. Williston, Vt.
Maynard. Ulric, Castleton. Vt.
Mayne. Nicholas, Potosi, Wis.
May, Os«ar, Marseilles, 111.
McArthur, Henry G., Rockford, 111.
McCall, Salmon, Saybrook. Ct.
McChesney, James H., Grand Marsh, Wis.
McCleniiing, Daniel, Boxborough, Mass.
McColl, E. C. W., Stratford, Ont.
McCollom, James T., Medford. Mass.
McCoUom, Julius C., Cambridgeport, Vt.
McCollom, William A.. Council Grove, Kan.
McCord, Robert L., Toulon, III.
McCormick, T. B., Princeton, Ind.
McCuUoch. O. C, Sheboygan, Wis.
McCully, Clharles G., Hallowell, Me.
McCune, Robert, Toledo, O.
McDuffee, S. V., Acworth,N. H.
McElroy, Elbridge P., West Newbury, Mass.
McEwen, Robert, New London, Ct.
McFarland, Henry H., New York City.
McFarland, Moses Q., Bedford, Mich.
McGee, Jonathan, Nashua, N. 11.
McGill, Anthony, Ryckman's Corner, Ont.
McGinley, William A., Gloversville, N. Y.
McGregor, Alexander, Brockville, Ont.
McGregor, Dugald, Manilla, Ont.
Mclntire, Charles C., Pontiac, Mich.
McK.ay, James S., Detroit, Mich.
McKeen, Silas. Bradford, Vt.
McKenzie, Alexander, Cambridge, Mass.
McKillican, John, Danville, Que.
McKinnon, Neil, Tiverton, Ont.
McKinstry, John A., Richfield, O.
McLain, Joshua M., Burlington, Kan.
McLaughlin, Daniel D. T., Morris, Ct.
McLean, Allen. East Orange, N J.
McLean, Charles B., Wethersfi' Id Ct.
McLean, Jaires, Hampton. N. H.
McLean, John K., Springfield, III.
McLtod, Andrew J., Yarmouth, N. 8.
McLeod,Hugh, Chicigo, III.
McLeod, Norman, R.acine, Wis.
McLoud, Anson, Topsficid, Mass,
McNab, Donald, Albany, 111.
McNeille, Robert G. S., New Haven, Ct.
McVicar. Peter. Topeka, Kan.
Mead, Charles M., Andover, Mass.
Mead, Darius, New Yoi k City.
Mead, Hiram, Oberlin, O.
Means, George J.. Howells, N. Y.
Means, James H., Dorchester, Mass.
Means, John O., Boston Highlands, Mass.
Mears, David O., Nortli Cambridge, Mass.
Melleri, William, A. B. C. F. M., South
A fyxCCt
Mellish, John H., Killingly. Ct.
Melville, Henry, Parma, Mich.
Melvin, Charles T., Sun Prairie. Wis.
Merriam, George F., Mason Village, N. H.
Merrinm, Joseph, Randolph, O.
Merrill, C. F., Mankato. Minn.
Merrill, E. W^., Cannon Falls, Minn.
Merrill, George R., Medina, N. Y.
Merrill, .James G., Topeka, Kan.
Merrill, James H., Andover, Mass.
Merrill, John L., Marlborough. N. H. *
Merrill, Josiah, South Franklin, Mass.
Merrill, Orville W., Nebraska City, Neb.
Merrill. Samuel H.. Portland, Me.
Merrill, Selah E.. Salmon Falls, N. H.
Merrill, Thomas, Fairfield, lo.
Merrill, Truman A., Bernardston, Mass.
Merrill, William A., Alfred. Me.
Merriman, Daniel, Norwich, Ct.
Merriman, William E., Ripon, Wis.
Merritt, Elbridge W., Williamsburg, Mass.
Merritt, William C, S. Buenaventura, Cal.
Merry, Thomas T.. Norway, Me.
Mershon. James R., Newton. lo.
Merwin, Nathan T., Trumbull, Ct.
Merwin. Samuel .J. M., Wilton. Ct,
Meserve. Is.aac C, Portland, Ct.
Mesmer. Willi-am S.. Montana, lo.
Middleton. James. Salem, Ont.
Mighill, Nathaniel. Brattleboro. Vt.
Miles, George H., St. Charles. Minn.
Miles, Harvey, Prentissvale, Pa.
Miles, James B., Cliarlestown, Mass.
Miles, Milo N., Calla, Neb.
Miles, Thomas N., VVinsted, Ct.
Millard, Joseph D., Pleasanton. Mich.
Millard, Norman A , Plainfteld, 111.
Miller, Daniel, Glen Arbor, Mich.
Miller, Daniel R., Cheban^e, 111.
Miller, George -V., Port Leyden, N. Y.
Miller, Robert D., West Newbury, Vt.
196
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan.
Miller, Rodney A., Worcester, Mass.
Miller, Samuel, Sherburne, N. T.
Miller, Simeon, South Deerfield, Mass.
Miller, William. Killingworth, Ct.
Millikan, Silas F., Morrison, 111.
Milliken, Charles E., Littleton, N. H.
Mills. Charles L., Jamaica Plain, Mass.
Mills, Henry, St. Cloud. Minn.
Miner, Edward G., Geneva, Wis.
Miner, Henry A., Columbus, Wis.
Miner, Xathaniel, Salem, Ct.
Miner, Ovid, Poultney, Vt.
Miner, Samuel E , Monroe, Wis.
Missildine, A. H., Pleasant Mount, Mo.
Mitchell, Ammi R., Viola, 111.
Mitchell, James M., De Soto, Wis.
Mitchell, Thomas G., Madison Bridge, Me.
Miter, John J., Beaver Dam, Wis.
Mobley, Hardy, Lebanon, Mo.
Mode.'iet, W. M., Fowlerville, N. Y.
Monroe, James, Oberlin. O.
Monroe, Thomas E., Mt. Vernon, O.
Montague, Enos J., Oconomowoc, Wis.
Montague. Melzar, Allen's Grove, Wis.
Monteith, John, St. Louis. Mo.
Montgomery, Giles F., A. B. C. F, M., Cen-
tral Turkey.
Montgc>mery, John A., Dwight, 111.
Mooar, George, Oakland. Cal.
Moody, Eli, Montague. Mass.
Moody, Howard, East Andover. N. H.
Moore, Edson J., Edgartown, Mass.
Moore, Henry D., Cincinnati, O.
Moore, Humphrey, Milford. N. H.
Moore, Justin P., San Francisco, Cal.
Moore, William E. B., Bol;on, Ct.
Moore, William H., Berlin, Ct.
Morehouse, Darius A., Es-sex, .Mass.
Morgan, David S., Montello, Wis.
Morgan. .John, Oberlin, O.
Morgan, John F., Lawrence. Kan.
Morgan, Stillman, Bristol, Vt.
Morgridge, Chas., Lovell, Me.
Moriey, John H., Sioux City. lo.
Morley, Sardis B., Piltsfield, Mass.
Morong, Thomas, Ipswich, Mass.
Morrill, John, Pecatonica, 111.
Morrill, Stephen S., Henniker, N. H.
Morris, Edward, Centre, Wis.
Morris, Myron N., West Hartford, Ct.
Morris, Ozias S., Tunbridge, Vt.
Morris, Richard, Allen's Grove, Wis.
Morrison. Xathaii J., Olivet, Mich.
Morse, .Alfred, .Austin, Minn.
Morse, Charles F., A. B. C. F. M., European
Tiirket/.
Morse, David S., Kalamazoo, Mich.
Morse, Henry C, Union City. Mich.
Morse, James E.. Genoa Bluft's, lo.
Morss, Gecirge IL, Townsend, Mass.
Morton, .Alpha. West Aut>urn, Me.
Morton, William D., Chester, Ct.
Mulder, William, Laingsburg, Mich.
Munger, Theodore T., Proviilence. R. I.
Munroe, Benjamin F., .Alamo, Mich.
Munsell, Joseph R., ]<'ranklin. Vt.
Munson, Frederick, Pa'chogue, L. I.
Munson, Myron A.. Hii'itington, Mass.
Murdoch, David, New Haven, Ct.
Murphy, Thonia> D., Gratiby, Ct.
Murray, William H. H.. Boston. Maes.
Muzzy, Clarendon K., XorwIch. Ct.
Myrick, Osborn, Middh'town, Vt,
Nail, James, Detroit, Mich.
Nason, Elias, Dracut. Mass.
Nason, John H., .\pulia, N. Y.
Nelson, John, Leicester, Mass.
Nelson, SybranJt, Masseua, N. Y.
Newcomb, George B., New Haven, Ct.
Newcomb. Homer S., South Britain, Ct.
Newell, Wellington, North Waterford, Me.
Newhall, Ebenezer, Cambridgeport, Mass.
Newman, Charles, Lanesboro', Mass.
Newton, James H., Marva, 111.
Newton, John, Antwerp, N. Y.
Nichols, Ammi, Braintree, Vt.
Nichols, Charles, New Britain, Ct.
Nichols, Charles L., Pownal, Me.
Nichols, Danforth B.. Washington, D.C.
Nichols, Washington A., Chicago, 111.
Noble, Edward W., Truro, Mass.
Noble, Franklin, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Noble, Mason, Jr., Sheflield, Mass.
Noble, Thomas K., Cleveland. O.
Norager, Jacob A., New Orleans, La.
Norcross, Flavins V., Union, Me.
Norcross, L. P., Oakfield, Wis.
Norcross, S. Gerard, Mclndoe's Falls, Vt.
North, Simeon, Clinton, N. Y.
Northrop, Bennet F., Griswold, Ct.
Northrop, Birdsey G.. Hartford, Ct.
Northrop, J. A., Otisville, lo.
Northrop, J. H., Millville, N. J,
Norton, Edward, Montague, Mass.
Norton, Franklin B., Oshkosh, Wis.
Norton, John F., Fitzwilliam, N. H.
Norton, Smith, Riga, N. Y.
Norton, Thos. S., Northbridge Centre, Mass.
Norton, Warren, Eureka, Kan,
Norton, Wm. VT., New Richmond, Wis.
Noyes, Daniel J., Hanover, N. H.
Noyes, Daniel P., Boston, Mass.
Noyes, Joseph T., A. B. C. F. M., Madura.
Nutting, G. B., Landing, Minn.
Nutting, John K., Glenwood, lo.
Nutting. Rufus, Saline, Mich.
Ober, AVilliam F., Portland, Me.
OflFer, Cyrus, Smithfleld, Pa.
Olds, Abner D., Ellington, N. Y.
Oliphant, David, St. Louis, Mo.
Olmstead, Franklin W., East Towushend,
Vt.
Orcutt, Samuel, Williams' Bridge, N. Y.
Ordway, Jairus, Buckingham, Ct.
Ordway, Samuel, Kewanee, III.
Orton James, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Orvis, William B., Atlanta, 111.
Osborn, William H., Ypsilanti, Mich.
Osborne, Cyrus P., Exeter, N. H.
Osgood, Edward R., Bluehill. Me.
Osgood, Reuben D., Topsfleld, Me.
Osunkerhine, P. P., Penetanguishene, Ont.
Otis, Israel T., Exeter, N. H.
Otis, Orin F., Providence, R. I.
Ottman. H. A., Southwick, Mass,
Otts, S. W., Algiers, La.
Overton, A. A., Arena, Wis.
Ovialt, George A., Talcottville, Ct.
Owen, Evan, Jenniston, Wis.
Owen, John, Waterville, N. Y.
Owen, Thomas M., New York Mill*, N. Y.
Owens, J. T., Nortonville, Cal.
Owens, Owen, Long Creek, lo.
Osnard, Frederick, Johnson. Vt.
Packard, Abel K., Anoka, Minn.
Packard, Alpheus 8., Brunswick, Mo.
Packard, Charles, AValdoboro', Me.
Packard, David T., Brighton, Mass.
Packard, Theophilus, Manteno, 111.
Paddock, George A., Lebanon, Mo.
Page, Alvah C, Elgin, III.
Page, B. G., Greenwood, Mo.
Page, Caleb F., Milton Mills, N. H.
Page, Henry P., A. B. C. F. M., European
lurkey.
Page, Jesse, Atkinson. N. H.
1871.]
List of Congregational Ministers.
197
Page, Robert, West Farmington. O.
Paine, Bernard, New Bedford, Mass.
Paine, John C, Groveland, Mass,
Paine, Levi L., Bangor, Me.
Paine, Rodney, Topeka, Kan.
Paine, Sewell, Montgomery Centre, Vt.
Paine, William P., Holden, Mass.
Painter, Cliarles C. C, Grand Haven, Mich.
Palmer, Charles M., Ilarrisville, N. H.
Palmer, Charles R., Salem, Mass.
Palmer, Edward S., Berkshire, N. T.
Palmer, Edwin B., Chicopee, Mass.
Palmer, Oeortre W., Ogden, lo.
Palmer, II. W., West Andover, O.
Palmer, J. A., Gridley, 111.
Palmer, James M., Portland, Me.
Palmer, Ray, New York City.
Palmer, WiUiam S., Wells River, Vt.
Paris, John D., A. B. C. F. M., Sandwich
Islands.
Park, Austin L., Gardiner, Me,
Park, Calvin E., West Boxford, Mass.
Park, Charles W., A. B. C. F. M., Western
India.
Park, Kdwards A., Andover, Mass,
Park, Harrison G., Hancock, N. H.
Park, William E., Lawrence, Mass.
Parker, Alexander, Polk City, To.
Parker, Ammi J., Danville, Que.
Parker, Benj. W., A. B. C. F. M., Sandwich
Islands.
Parker, Charles C, Gorham, Me.
Parker, Edwin P., Hartford, Ct.
Parker, Henry E., Hanover, N. H.
Parker, H. H., Honolulu, Sandivich Islands.
Parker, Henry W., Amherst, Mass,
Parker, Horace, Pepperell, Mass.
Parker, John D., Topeka, Kan.
Parker, Leonard F., Grinuell, lo.
Parker, Leonard S., Ashburnham, Mass.
Parker, Lucius H., Galesburg, HI.
Parker, Orson, Flint, Mich.
Parker, Roswell, Adams, Mich.
Parker, Roswell D., Manhattan, Kan,
Parker, William W., Williamsburg, Mass.
Parser, Wooster, Belfast, Me.
Parkinson, Royal, Temple, N. H.
Parmalee, J. B., Franklin, Mich,
Parmelee, Edward, Toledo, O.
Parmelee, Henry M., Iowa Falls, To.
Parmelee, Moses P., A. B. C. F. M., Eastern
Turkey.
Parmelee, Simeon, Oswego, N. Y.
Parrey, Porter B., Three Oaks, Mich.
Parsons, Benjamin, Smyrna, Mich.
Parsons, Benjamin F., Derry, N. H.
Parsons, Ebenezer G., Derry, N. H.
Parsons, Henry M., Boston, Mass.
Parsons, John, Lebanon, Me.
Parsons, John U., Raymond, Wis,
Parsons, R., gimcoe, Ont.
Partridge, George C, Batavia, HI.
Partridge, Samuel H., Greenfield, N, H.
Patch, Rufiis, Ontario, Ind.
Patchin, John, West Bloomfleld, N. Y,
Patrick, Henry J., West Newton, Mass.
Patten, Moses, Carlisle, Mass.
Patten, William A., Anamosa, To,
Patterson. Webster, Lynn, Mass.
Pattison, J. S., Inverness, Que.
Patton, James L., Greenville, Mich.
Patton, William, New Haven, Ct.
Patton, William W., Chicago, HI.
Payne, Joseph H., La Harpe, HI.
Payson, Edward P., New York, N. Y.
Peabody, Albert B., Stratham, N. H.
•Peabody, Charles, Epsom, N. H.
Peabody, Charles, St. Louis, Mo.
Peabody, Josiah, North Stamford, Ct.
Peacock, W. M., Indian Land, Ont.
Peare, L. H., New Orleans, La.
Pearson, James B., New York, N. Y,
Pearson, Reuel M., Polo. HI.
Pearson, Samuel W., Limington, Me.
Pease, Aaron G., Rutland, Vt.
Pease, Giles, Boston, Mass.
Peck, David, Sunderland, Mass.
Peck, Whitman, New Haven, Ct.
Peckham, Joseph. Kingston, Mass.
Pedley, Charles, Cold Springs, Ont.
Peet, J. W.. Fontanelle, lo.
Peet, Lyman B.. A. B. C. F. M., China.
Peet, Stephen D.. Chatham, O.
Peffers, Aaron B., Schodac, N. Y.
Peircc, Charles M., Middlefield, Mass.
Peloubet, Francis N., East Attleboro', Mass,
Pelton, George A.. Candor, N. Y.
Pendleton, Henry G., Henry, 111.
Penfield, Charles H.. Oberliu, O.
Penfleld, Samuel, Sherland, 111.
Penfield, T. B., A. B. C. F. M., Madura.
Pennell, Lewis, West Stockbridge Centre,
Mass.
Pennoyer, Andrew L., Roseville, HI,
Peregrine, Philip, Judson,Minn.
Perkins, Ariel E. P., Ware, Mass,
Perkins, Benjamin F., Stowe, Vt.
Perkins, Edgar, Phoenix, N. Y.
Perkins, Francis B.. Jamaica Plain, Mass.
Perkins, Frederick T., Hartford, Ct.
Perkins, George A., Gorham. Me.
Perkins, George G.. Hamilton, Mo.
Perkins, James W., New Chester, Wis.
Perkins, Jonas, Braintreo, Mass.
Perkins, Sidney K. B., Glover, Vt.
Perrin, Tiavalette, New Britiain, Ct.
Perry, David, Hollis, N. H.
Perry, David C, Barlow, O.
Perry, John B., Cambridge, Mass,
Perry, Ralph, Agawam, Mass.
Pettengill, John H., Antwerp, Belgium,
Pettibone, Ira, West Staflbrd, Ct.
Pettibone, Ira F., A. B. C. F. M., Turkey.
Pettit, John, Bucyrus, O.
Phelps, Austin, Andover, Mass.
Phelps, Eliakim, Jersey City, N. J,
Phelps, F. B., Lowell, Vt.
Phelps, Winthrop H., South Egreraont, Mass.
Phillips, Daniel, North Chelmsford, Mass,
Phillips, George W., Columbus, O,
Phillips, John, Washara, Kan.
Phillips, Lebbens R., Groton, Mass,
Phillips, Sem, Remsen, N. Y.
Phillips, Samuel, Battle Creek, Mich.
Phinney, George W., Danvers, III.
Phipps, George G., Wellesley, Mass,
Phipps, William, Plainfield, Ct.
Phipps, William H., Southville, Mass.
Pickett, Cyrus, Keokuk, lo.
Pickett, Joseph W., Des Moines, lo.
Pierce, Asa C, Brookfteld Centre, Ct.
Pierce, Charles M., Middlefield, Mass.
Pierce, George, Paterson, N. J.
Pierce, John D., Ypsilanti, Mich.
Pierce, John E., A. B. C. F. M., Eastern
Turkey.
Pierce, L. M., Glenwood, Mo.
Pierce, Nathaniel H., Northfield, Minn,
Pierce, William G.. Elmwood, III.
Picrson, William H., Ipswich, Mass,
Pigeon. Charles D., West Gloucester, Mass.
Pike, Alpheus J., Sauk Centre, Minn.
Pike, Ezra B., Stowe, Me.
Pike, Gustavus D., Brooklyn, N. Y,
Pike, John, Rowley, Mass,
Pike, Josiah W. C, South Wellfleet, Mass,
198
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan.
Pinkerton. Adam, Orion. Wis.
Piper, Caleb W.i North Falmouth, Mass.
Pixley, Stephen C, A. B. C. F. M., Smfh
Africa.
Place, Olney, Hudson. Mich.
Piatt, Dennis, South Norwalk, Ct.
Piatt, Henry D., Brighton. 111.
Piatt, Luther H., Eureka, Kan.
Piatt, M. Fayette, Pacific, lo.
Piatt, M. S., North Vineland, N. J.
Piatt, William, L'tica, Mich.
Plumb, Albert H., Chelsea, Mass,
Plumb. Joseph C., Fort Scott, Kan,
Plumer, Alexander K., Athens, Me.
PoKge, G. G., Wittemberg. lo.
Pomeroy, Edward N., Bergen, N. Y.
Pomeroy, Jeremiah, South Deerfield, Mass,
Pomeroy, Lemuel, Muscotah, Kan.
Pond, Benjamin W., York, Me.
Pond, Chaunoey N., Oberlin, O.
Pond, Enoch, Bangor, Me.
Pond, J. Evarts, Plalteville, Wis.
Pond, Theodore, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Pond, Theodore 8., A. B. C. F. M., Eastern
Turkey.
Pond, William C, San Francisco, Cal,
Poor, Daniel J., Romeo, Mich,
Pope, Charles H., Beuicia. Cal.
Porter, Edward G., Lexington, Mass,
Porter, George, Greene, N. Y.
Porter, Giles M., Garnavillo, lo.
Porter, James. Toronto, Ont.
Porter. Jeremiah, Brownsville, Texas.
Porter, Noah. New Haven, Ct.
Porter, Samuel, Crete, 111.
Porter, Samuel F., Oberlin, O.
Porter, William. Beloit, Wis.
Porter, William, Webster Groves, Mo.
Post, Martin, Sterling. 111.
Post, Truman M., St. Louis, Mo.
Potter, Daniel F., Topsham, Me.
Potter, Edmund S., Greenfield, Mass.
Potter, William, Windham, O.
Potwin, Lemuel S., Boston, Mass.
Potwin, Thomas S., East Windsor Hill, Ct.
Powell, E. P., Adrian, Mich.
Powell, Isaac P., E.ist Canaan, Ct.
Powell, James, Newburyport. Mass.
Powell, John J., Kio Vista, Cal.
Powell, John N., Plymouth, Wis.
Powell, Llewellyn R., Alliance, O,
Powell, Rees, Radnor, O.
Powers, Dennis, Rindge, N. H.
Powers. Henry, Brooklyn, N. Y,
Powers, Philander 0.,A. B.C. F.^,,Central
Turkey.
Powis, Henry D., Quebec, Que,
Pratt, AlmouB., Berea, Ky.
Pratt, Andrew T., A, B. C. F. M., Western
Turkey.
Pratt. Charles H., Lincoln, Neb.
Pratt, Edward H., East Woodstock, Ct.
Pratt, Francis G., Middleboro', Mass.
Pratt. George H., Harvard, Mass,
Pratt, Henry, Dudley, Mass,
Pratt, Horace, Plaintii'ld, Vt,
Pratt, J. Loring, Strong, Me.
Pratt, Miner G., Andover, Mass.
Pratt, Parsons S., Dorset, Vt.
Pratt, Theodore C, 1 ilton, N. H,
Prentice, John H., Marion, O.
Prentiss, Norman A., La Salle, 111.
Price, John, Nortonville, Cal.
Prichard, David E., Rome, N. Y.
Prince, Nfcwell A., New Haven, Ct.
Prudden, George P., Medina, N. Y,
Pugh, John W., Pottsville. Pa.
Pugh, Thomas, Jalappa, Neb.
Pullar, Thomas, Hamilton, Ont,
Pullen, Henry, Janesville, Wis.
Pulsifer, Daniel, Danbury, N. H.
Punchard, George, Boston, Mass,
Purkis, G., Waterville, Que.
Putnam. Austin, New Haven, Ct.
Putnam, George A., Yai-mouth, Me.
Putnam, Hiram B., West Concord, N. H.
Putnam, John M., Yarmouth. Me.
Putnam, Kufus A., Pembroke, N. H.
Quaif. Robert, Hartland, Wis.
Quint. Alonzo H., New Bedford, Mass.
Radcliffe, Leonard L., La Crosse, Wis.
Rae. W. S., Danville, Que.
Rand. Edward A., South Boston, Mass,
Rand. William A., South Seabrook, N. TL.
Rand. William H.. Solon, Me.
Rankin. Edward E.. Fairfield, Ct.
Rankin, J. Earaes, Washington, D. C.
Rankin, Samuel G. W., Glastenbury, Ct.
Rauney, Timothy E., Derby Line, Vt.
Rauslow, Eugene J.. Swantou, Vt.
Ransom. Calvin N., Lowell, O.
Ransom, Cyrenlus, Wadham's Falls, N. Y.
Rawson, Thomas R., Albany, N. Y.
Ray, Benjamin F., New Ipswich, N. H.
Ray, Charles B., New York City.
Raj'niond. Alfred C, New Haven, Ct.
Raymond. Edward N., Middleville, Mich.
Read. Herbert A., Marshall. Mich.
Redfield, Charles. East Arlington, Vt.
Reed, Frederick A., East Taunton, Mass.
Reed. Glover C. Burton. O.
Reed, Julius A., Columbus, Neb.
Reed, Levi. Muskegon, Mich.
Reed, Myron W., New Orleans. La.
Heed, William C, South Dennis, Mass.
Rees, Henry, Emporia, Kan.
Reid. Adam. Salisbury, Ct.
Reikie, Thomas M.. Bowmanville, Ont,
Relyea, Benjamin J., Westport, Ct.
Reuth, Jacob, Muscatine, lo.
Reynolds, William T., North Haven, Ct.
Rice, Charles B., Dan vers Centre, Mass,
Rice, Edwin W., Milwaukee, Wis.
Rice, George G., Hamburg, lo.
Rice. Walter, Hoyalston, Mass.
Rich, Alonzo B., Beverly, Mass.
Richards, Austin, Franccstown, N. H.
Richards, Charles H., Madison, Wis.
Richards, Jacob P., Keosauqua, lo.
Richards, John L., Big Rock, 111,
Richards. William M., Princeton, Wis,
Richardson, Albert M.
Richardson. Alvah M.. Linebrook. Mass.
Richardson, Charles W., Canaan, N. H.
Richardson, Cyrus, Plymouth, N. H.
Richardson, D. Warren, Easton. Mass.
Kichardson, Elias H., Westfield, Mass.
Richardson, Gilbert B., Sheepscot Bridge,
Me.
Richardson, Henry. Gilead, Me.
Richardson, Henry J., Lincoln, Mass.
Richardson. Martin L., Sturbridge, Mass,
Richardson, Merrill, New York, N. Y,
Richardson, Nathaniel, Straft'ord, Vt.
Richardson, William T.. Kellnggsville. O.
Richmond. Thomas T., West Taunton, Mass,
Rickett, John H.. Marlboro', Vt.
Riddel, Samuel H., Tamworth, N. H.
Riggs. Alfred L., Santee Agency, Neb.
Riegs, Charles H., Gaysville, Vt.
Riggs, Herman C., St. Albans, Vt.
Robbins, Alden B., Muscatine, lo.
Robbing, Anson H.. Lodi. O.
Robbins, Elijah, A. B. C. F. M., Sovth Africa.
Robbins, Silas W., East Haddam, Ct,
Roberts, Bennet, Buckingham, lo.
I87I.]
List of Congregational Ministers,
199
Roberts, George L., Tremotit, 111.
Roberts, Hiram P., Council Bluffs, lo.
Roberts, Jacob. Auburndale, Mass.
Roberts, James A., Berkley. Mass.
Roberts, James Ct., Kansas City, Mo.
Roberts, Morris, Remsen, N. Y.
Roberts, Thomas E.. Keene, N. H.
Roberts, William, New York City.
Robie, Benjamin A., WatervilleiMe.
Robie, Edward, Greenland, N. H.
Robie, Thomas 8.. Scituate, Mass.
Robinson, E. J.. Burford, Onl.
Robinson, Harvey P., Mound City, Kan.
Robinson, Henry, Guilford, Ct.
Robinson, Reuben T., Winchester, Mass.
Robinson, Robert, Owen Sound, Ont.
Robinson, William A., Barton, Vt.
Rochester, John, .Jefterson, La.
Rockwell, Samuel, New Britain, Ct.
Rock wood, George A., Rensselaer b"alls,N.Y.
Rockwood, L. Burton, Boston, Mass.
Kockwood, Samuel L.,No. Weymeuth,Ma88.
Rodman, Daniel S., Mont Clair, N. J.
Roe, A. D., Prescott, Wis.
Roe, J. P., Oshkush, Wis.
Rogers, Enoch E., Macon, Ga.
Rogers, Henry M., South Glastenbury, Ct.
Rogers, Isaac, Farmington, Me.
Rogers, John, Derby, Vt.
Rogers, J. A. R., Berea, Ky.
Rogers, J., Stanstead, Que.
Rogers, L., Lyma, Wis.
Rogers, S. W., New Orleans, La.
Rood, D.ivid, A. B. C. F. M., South Africa.
Rood, Heman, Hanover, N. H.
Root, Augustine, Belchertown, Mass.
Root, Edward W., Batavia, 111.
Root, James P., Perry Centre, N. Y.
Root, Marvin, Eagle Point, 111.
Ropes, William L., Andover, Mass.
Rosboro, S. R., Woodland. Cal.
Rose, William F., Crystal Lake, 111.
Rose, Henry T., Lombard, 111.
Rose, William W., Pittslield, 111.
Ross, A. Hastings, Springfield, O.
Ross, John A., Marion, lo.
Rossiter, G. R., Marietta, O.
Rossiter, F. B., Elizabethport, N. J,
Rounce, Joseph S., Wellsville, Mo.
Round, James E., Brooklyn, X. Y.
Rouse, Thomas H.,*Sau Mateo, Cal.
Rowe, Aaron, Coloma, Mich.
Rowell, Joseph, San Francisco, Cal,
Rowland, Samuel, West Spring Creek, Pa.
Rowley, George B., Harvard, 111.
Rowley, R. C, Blandinsville, III.
Rowley, Milton, Albia, lo.
Roy, Joseph E., Chicago, 111.
Royce, L. R., Eokhart, lud.
Ruddock, Charles A., Lafayette, N. Y.
Ruddock, Edward S., West Greece, N. Y.
Runnels, Mo.*es T., Sanbornton, N. H.
Russell, Ezekiel, East Randolph, Mass.
Russell, Frank, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Russell Henry A., Colebrook, Ct.
Russell, William, Cleveland, O.
Russell, William, Washington, D. C.
Russell, William P., Memphis, Mich.
Rustedt, Henry F., Sudbury, Vt.
Ryder, William H., Oberlin, O.
Ryebolt, J. C., Bloomington, 111,
Sabin, Joel G., llockton, 111.
Sabin, Lewis, Templeton, Mass.
Satford, George B., Burlington, Vt.
Bahler, D.avid D., Passaic, N. J.
Sallenbacli, Henry, Lansing Ridge, lo.
Salmon, Edward P., Beloit, Wis.
Salmon, John, Warwick, Ont.
Salter, Charles C, Duluth, Minn.
Salter, William, Burlington, To.
Samson, Amos J., St. Albans, Vt.
Samuel, Robert, West Cummington, Mass.
Sanborn, Benjamin T., Eliot, Me.
Sanborne, George E., Hartford, Ct.
Sanders, Asa W., Metamora, O.
Sanders, Clarendon M., Waukesran, 111.
Sanders, Marshall D., A. B.C.F. M., Ceylon.
Sanderson, Alonzo, Goodrich, Mich.
Sanderson, Henry H., Charlestown, N. H.
Sanderson, John G., Rugby, Ont.
Sands, John D., Belmont, lo,
Sanford, Baalis, East Bridgewater, Mass.
Sanford, D.ivid, Med way, Mass.
Sanford, Elias B., Cornwall, Ct.
Sanford, Enoch, Raynham, Mass.
Sanford, William H., Worcester. Mass.
Sargent, Frank D., Bronkline, N. H.
Sargent, George W., Meneha, Wis.
Sargent, Roger M., Princeton, Mass.
Sargent, Daniel F., East Charlomont, Mass.
Savage, George S. F., Chicago, 111.
Savage, John, Tipton, Mich.
Savage, John W., Kennt-bunkport, Me.
Savage, Minot J., Hannibal, Mo.
Savage, William H., .I.acksonville, 111.
Savage, William T., Franklin, N. H.
Sawin, Theophikis P., North Chelsea, Mass.
8awtelI,Eli N., Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Sawyer, Benjamin, Salisbury, Mass.
Sawyer, Daniel, South Merrimack, N. H.
Sawyer, Leicester J., Burlingame, Kan.
Sawyer, Rufus M., Iowa City, lo.
Scales, Jacob, Plainfield, N. II.
SchoefFer, Josiah G., Sharon, Wis.
Schauttler, Henry A., A. B. C. P. M., Euro-
pean lurlcey.
Schearer, John, La Grange, Mo.
Scheuerle, G., Elgin, lo.
Schlosser, George. Paxton, 111.
Schwarz, P. A., Greenfield, Mass.
Scott, George, Chepachet, R. I.
Scotford, John, Arvona, Kan.
Scott, John, Dudley, N. C.
Scott, Charles, R. W., Newport, N. H.
Scoville, Samuel, Norwich, N. Y.
Scudder, Evarts, Great Barrington, Mass.
Seabury, Edwin, Boston, Mass.
Seagrave, James C.,East Marshfleld, Mass.
Searle, Richard T., Thetford, Vt.
Seaton, Charles M., Colchester, Vt.
Seaver, William R., Sedalia, Mo.
Seocombe, Charles, Northfield, Minn.
Seeley, Raymond H., Haverhill, Mass.
Seelye, Julius H., Amherst, Mass,
Seelye, Samuel T., Easthampton, Mass.
Segur, S. Willard, Tallmadge, O.
Selden, Calvin, Aurora, 111.
Sessions, Alexander J., Boston Highlands,
Mass.
Sessions, .Joseph W., Westminster, Ct.
Sessions, Samuel, St. John's, Mich.
Severance, Milton L., Orwell, Vt.
Sewall, David B., Fryeburg, Me.
Sewall, John S.. Brunswick, Me.
Sewall, JothamB., Brunswick, Me.
Sewall, Robert, Stoughton, Wis.
Sewall, William, Norwich, Vt.
Sewall. WnUi.am S., St. Albans, Me.
Seward, Edwin f)., Laclede, Mo.
Sexton, William C, Vineland, N. J.
Seymour, B. N., Hayward, Cal.
Seymour, Charles N., Brooklyn, Ct.
Seymour, Henry, East Hawley Mass.
Sbafer, John, Oberlin, O.
Shapleigh, Horace S., South Egremont,
Mass.
200
List of Congregatio7ial Ministers.
[Jan.
Sharpe, Andrew, Twinsburgh, O.
Bhattuck, Calvin S., Baxter iiprings, Kan.
Shaw, Kdwin W., Ithaca, Mich.
Shaw, Horatio W., White Cloud, Kan.
bhaw, Luther, Tallmatlge, O.
Shedd, Charles, Wasioja, Minn.
Sheldon, Charles B., Excelsior, Minn.
Shelaon, Nathan W., Dover, Me.
Sheldon, Stewart, Yankton, Dak.
Shepard, Thomas, Bristol, R. 1.
Shepley, David, Yarmouth, Me.
bherman, Charles S., Kassau, N. T.
Sherrill, A. F., Omaha, Neb.
Sherrill, Edwin J., Eaton, Que.
Sherrill, Franklin G., California, Mo.
Sherrill, Samuel B., Bellevue, O.
Sherwin, John C, Menomonie, Wis.
Shinn, K. F"., Payson, 111.
Shipherd, P'ayette, Oberlin, O.
Shipherd, Jacob K., Chicago, 111.
Shipman, Thomas L., Jewett City, Ct.
Shorey, H. Allen, Camden, Me.
Shurtlefl', David, Fayetteville, Vt.
Sikes, Lewis E., Hopkins, Mich.
Sim, Alexander, Franklin, Que.
Skeele, John P., Hattield, Mass.
Skinner, Alfred L., Bucksport, Me.
SKiuiier, Thomas N., Milford, Neb.
Sleeper, AVilliam T.. Sherman Mills, Me.
Small, Uriel \V., Cumberland, Me.
.rmart, William S., Albany, N. Y.
Smith, Andrew J., North Boothbay, Me.
Smith, Asa B.. Southbury, Ct.
Smith, Asa D., Hanover, N.H.
Smith, Azro A., Lowell, Vt.
Smith, Bezaleel, Hanover Centre, N. H.
Smith, Burritt A., Ottawa, lU.
Smith, Carlos. Akron, O.
Smith, Charles. Andover, Mass.
Smith, Charles B., Cohasset, Mass.
Smith, Charles S., Montpelier, Vt.
Smith, Eben, Middlebury, Vt.
Smith, Edward A., Chester Depot, Mass.
bmilh, Edward G., lienduskeag, Me.
Smith, Edward P., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Smith, Edwin, Barre, Mass.
Smith, Eli G., Morrison, 111.
Smith, E. Goodrich, Washington, D. C.
Smith, Elijah P., Danville, lo.
Smith, George. New Liberty, lo.
Smith, George. East Concord, N. H.
Smith, George M., Hickory Corners, Mich.
Smith. George M., Lenox, Mass.
Smith, George N., Northport„Mich.
Smith, Henry B., Newton, Ct.
bmith, Ira U., Topeka, Kan.
Smith, Irem W., Tolland. Mass.
Smith, Isaac B., Turner, 111.
Smith, Isaiah P., Paxton, Mass.
Smith, James A., Uniouville, Ct.
Smith, James M., Monroe, lo.
Smith, James W., A. B. C. F\ M., Sandwich
Islands.
Smith, J. Morgan, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Smith, Joliu C, A. B. C. F. M., Ctylon.
bmith, John F., A. B. C. F. M., Western
Turkey.
Smith, Joseph, Buxton Centre, Me.
Smith, Judson, Oberlin, O.
Smith, Lowell, A. B.C. F. M., Sandwicft/s^s.
Smith, Lucius, Strongsville, O.
Smith, Matthew H., \V'arronsburg,Mo,
Smith, Moses, Chicago, 111.
Smith, Mortime', Canheld, O.
Smith, Oscar M., Monticello, Mlim.
Smith, [Stephen 8., Chicago, 111.
Smith, Wilder, Milwaukee, Wis.
Smith, William A., Morris, 111.
Smith, William J., Alden, lo.
Smith, William S., West Newton, Mass.
Smith, William W., Pine Grove, Out.
Smyth, Egbert C, Andover, Mass.
Smyth, S. P. Newman, Bangor, Me.
Snell, W. W., Rushford. Minn.
Snider, Solomon, Wroxeter, Out.
Snow, Aaron, Millers' Place, L. I.
Snow, Benjamin G., A. B. C. F. M., Micro-
nesia.
Snow, Benjamin P., North Y'armouth, Me.
Snow. Frank H., Lawrence, Kan.
Snow, Roswell R., Liberty, Wis.
Songue, Isaac, Jefferson, Ind.
Southgate, Robert, Orford, N. H.
Southworth, Alden, South Woodstock, Ct.
Southworth, Benjamin, Wells, Me.
Southworth, Edward, Palmyra, Wis.
Southworth, Francis, Portland, !Me.
Spalding, George B., Dover, N. H.
Spalding. Samuel J., Newburyport, Mass.
Spaulding, George, Depere, Wis.
Spauldmg, Levi, A. B. C. F. M., Ceylon.
Spaulding, Lysander T.. Broad Brook, Ct.
Spaulding, William, Hanover, N. H.
Spaulding, W. S., iNewcastle, Me.
Si^ear, Charles V., Pittsfield, Mass.
Spell, William, Central City. lo.
Spelman, Levi P., Portland, Mich.
Spencer, Judson G., Hillsboro', 111.
Sperry, Asa, Morgan, O.
Spettigue, Charles, Royal Oak, Mich.
Spooner, Charles C., Grandville, Mich.
Spoor, Orange IL, Vermontville, Mich.
Spring, Leverett W., Fitehburg, Mass.
Spring, Samuel. East Hartford, Ct.
Spyker, Simon, Sextonville, Wis,
Squire, Edmund, Centreville, Mass.
Staats, Henry T., Fairhaven, Ct.
Stanley.Charles A., A. B. O. F. M., North
China.
Stanley, Richard C, Lewiston, Me.
Stanton, George F., South Weymouth, Mass.
Stanton, Robert P., Greenville, Ct.
Starbuck, Charles C, A. M. A., Kingston,
W.I.
St. Clair, .Alanson, Hart, Mich.
St. John, Samuel N., Georgetown, Ct.
Stearns, Benjamin, Lovell, Me.
Stearns, Jesse G. D., Clearwater, Minn.
Stearns. Josiah H., Epping, N.H.
Stearns, William A , Amherst, Mass.
Stebbins, Charles E., Adams, Mass.
Stebbins, Milan C, Springfield, Mass.
Steele, Jost-ph, Middlebury, Vt.
Stevens, Altred, Westminster, Vt.
Stevens, Asahel A., Peoria, 111.
Stevens, Cicero C Crown Point, N.T.
Stevens, Henry A., No. Bridgewater, Mass.
Stevens, Henry M., Kansas City, Mo.
Stevens, Jeremiah D., Allen's Grove, Wis,
Stevens, Moody A., Ashburnham, Mass.
Stevenson, John R., Eaton Rapids, Micbi
Stewart, William C., Seneca, Kan.
Stiles, Edmund R., Manchester, lo,
Stimson, H. A., Minneapolis, Minn.
Stoddard, James P., Byron, 111,
Stoddard, Judson B., Centrebrook, Ct.
Stoddart, William, Boscobel, Wis.
Stone, Andrew L.. San Francisco, Cal.
Stone, B. N., Loudon, N. H.
Stone, Edward I'., Waterford, Vt.
Stone, George, Troy, Vt.
Stone, Harvey M., Laconia, N. H.
Stone, James P., Danby, Vt.
Stone, John F., Montpelier, Vt.
Stone, Levi H., Pawlet, Vt.
Stone, Richard C., Bunker Hill, 111.
I87I.]
List of Congregational Ministers.
201
stone, Rollin 8., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Stone, Timothy D. P.. Chelsea, Mass.
Storer, Henry G., Oakhill, Me.
Storrs, Henry M., Brooklyn, N. T.
Storrs, Richard 8., Braintree, Mass.
Storrs, Richard 8., Jr., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Storrs, Sylvester D., Quindaro, Kan.
Stontenburich, Luke I., Schooley's Moun-
tain. N. J.
Stowe, Calvin E., Hartford Ct.
Stowe, Jolin M., Huhbardstou, Mass.
Stowell, Abijah, Petersham. Mass.
Strasenburg, (ieorge, Madrid. N. Y.
Stratton, Royal B., Worcester, Mass.
Stratton, 8. J., Lisle. HI.
Street, George E., Wiscasset, Me.
Street, Owen, Lowell, Mass.
Streeter, Sereno W.. Austinburg, O.
Strickland, Micah W., Prentisavale, Pa.
Strieby. Michael E., Newark, N. J.
Strong, Charles, Angola, N. Y.
Strong, iJavid A., Coleraine. Mass.
Strong, Edward, Pittsfield. Mass.
Strong, Elnathan E., Waltham, Mass.
Strong, Guy C, South Boston, Mich.
Strong, .J. H., Soquel, Cal.
Strong, James W.. Northfield, Minn.
Strong, John C, Chain Lake Centre, Minn,
Strong. John J., Talladega, Ala.
Strong, Joseph I)., Hyannis, Mass.
Strong, Stephen C, So. Natick, Mass,
Stuart, Robert, Green Mountain, lo.
Sturges, A. A., A. B. C. E. M., Micronesia.
Sturgea, Thomas B., Greenfield Hill, Ct.
Sturgess, Frederick E., Machias, Me.
Sturtevaat, Julian M.. Jacksonville. 111.
Sturtevant, Julian M., Jr.. Ottawa, 111.
Sturtevant. William H,, West Tisbury, Mass.
Sumner, Charles B., Monson, Mass.
Swallow, Joseph E.. South Canaan, Ct.
Bweetser, Seth, Worcester, Mass.
Swift, Alfred B., Enosburg, Vt.
Swift. Aurelis S., Pittsfield, Vt.
Swift, Eliphalet Y., Denmark, lo.
Swift. H. B., Prairie City. 111.
Sylvester, Charles 8., Feeding-Hills, Mass.
Sykes, Simeon, Pleasant River, N. 8.
Tade, Ewing O., Chattanooga, Tenn,
Talbot, Benjamin, Council Blutfs, lo,
Talcott, Daniel 8., I3angor, Me.
Tallman, Thomas, Thompson, Ct.
Tappan, Benjamin, Xorrldgewock, Me.
Tappan, Charles L., Brighton, 111.
Tappan, Daniel D., Wakefield, N. H.
Tappan, Samuel 8., Providence, R. I.
Tarbox, Increase N., West Newton, Mass.
Tatlock, John, \Villiamstown,Ma88.
Taylor, Chauncey, Algona, lo.
Taylor, E. D., Claridon, O.
Taylor, Edward, Binghamton, N. T.
T.aylor, James F., 8augatuck, Mich.
Taylor, Jeremiah, West iiillingly, Conn.
Taylor, John C, Groton, N. Y.
Taylor, .John L., Andover, Mass.
Taylor, John P., Middletowu, Ct,
Taylor, Lathrop, Farmington, 111.
Taylor, Nelson, New Orleans, La,
Teel, William, Woodside, N. J.
Teele, Albert K., Milton, Mass.
Teele, Edwin, lo.
Teller, Henry W., Essex, Ct.
Teller, Daniel W., Hadley, Ct.
T'^mple, Cliarles, Otsego, Mich.
Temple, Josiah U., Framinghatn, Mass.
Teuney, Charles, Biddeford, Me.
Tenney, Edward P., Braintree, Mass.
Tenney, Francis V., Saugus Centre, Mass,
Tenney, Henry M., Winona, Minn,
Tenney, Leonard, Barre, Vt.
Tenney, Sewall, Ellsworth, Me.
Tenney, Samuel G., Springfield, Vt,
Tenney, Thomas, Stacyville, lo.
Tenney, William A., Alameda, CaL
Terry, Calvin, Plaislow, N. H.
Terry, James J"., South Weymouth, Mass,
Tewksbury, George A., Plymouth, Mass.
Tewksbury, George F., Gorham, N. H.
Thacher, George, Waterloo, lo.
Thaoher, Isaiah C., Wareham, Mass.
Thayer, Carmi C, A. B. C. F. M., Central
Turkey.
Thayer, David H., East Windsor, Ct.
Thayer, Henry O., Woolwich, Me.
Thayer, J. Henry, Andover, Mass.
Thayer, Peter B., Garland, Me.
Thayer, Thacher, New Port, R. I.
Thayer, William M., Franklin, Mass.
Thayer, William W., St. Johnsbury, Vt,
Thomas, C. B., Peru, 111.
Thomas, D. D., Ebensburg. Pa.
Thomas, David, Mineral Ridge, O.
Thomas, H. E., Pittsburg, Pa.
Thomas, John G., Ebensburg, Pa.
Thomas, John M., Ironton, O.
Thomas, John P., Mineral Ridge, O.
Thomas, Ozro A., Albany, Kan.
Thomas, R., Mahanoj', Pa.
Thomas, R. T., Toronto, Ont.
Thomas, T. C, North Fairfield, O.
Thomas, William, Arvonia, Kan.
Thome, Arthur M., Memphis, Mo.
Thome, James A., Cleveland, O.
Thompson, Augustus C, Roxbury, Mass,
Thompson, Charles W., Danville, Vt.
Thompson, George, Leeland, Mich.
Thompson, George W., Stratham, N. H.
Thompson, Howard 8., Hazlegreen, lo.
Thotnpson, John, Swampscott, Mass,
Thompson, John, Brainerd, Jamaica.
Thompson, John C, Fitchville. O.
Thompson, Joseph P., New York City.
Thompson, Leander, North Woburn, Mass.
Thompson, Nathan. Boulder, Col. Ter.
Thompson, Oren C, Detroit, Mich.
Thompson, Samuel H., Osseo, Wis.
Thompson, Thomas W., A. B. C. F. M., North
China.
Thompson, William, Hartford, Ct.
Thompson, William A., Conway, Mass,
Thompson, William 8., Acton, Me.
Thornton, James B.. Oakhill, Me.
Thrall, Homer, Litchfield, O.
Thrall, Samuel R., La iiarpe,Ill.
Thurston, Charles A. G., ]3radford, N. H,
Thurston, John R., Newburyport, Mass.
Thurston, Philander, Sudbury, Mass.
Thurston, Richard B., Stamford. Ct.
Thurston, Stephen, Searsport. Me.
Thurston. T. G., Grass Valley, Cal.
Thwing. Edward P., Saccarappa, Me.
Thyng, John H., West Brattleboro, Vt,
Tilden, Lucius L., Washington, D. C.
Tillotson, George J., Central Village, Ct.
Timlow, H. R., VValpole, Mass.
Tingley, Marshall, J31air, Neb.
Titcomb, Philip, Plympton. Mass.
Titcomb, Stephen, Farmington, Me.
Titus, Eugene H., Bethel, Me.
Tobey, Alvan, Durham, N. H.
Todd, David. Providence, 111.
Todd, James D., Winnebago City, Minni
Todd, John, Junction City, Kan.
Todd, John, Pittsfield, Mass.
Todd, John, Tabor, Jo
Todd, John E., New Haven, Conn,
Tolman, George B., Winooski, Vt.
202
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan.
Tolman, Richard, Hampton, Va.
Tolman, Samuel H., Wilmington, Mass.
Tomlinson, J. L., Lirasbury, Ct.
Tompkins, James, St. Anthony, Minn.
Tompkins, William R., Wrentliam, Mass.
Toothaker, Horace, New Sharon, Me.
Toplift", Steplien. Cromwell, Ct.
Torrey, Charles C, Georgia, "^t.
Toi-rey, Charles W., Collamer, O.
Torrey, Henry A. P., Burlington, Vt.
Torrey, Joseph, Hard wick, Vt.
Towle, Charles A., Sandwich, 111.
Towne, Joseph H., Middleboro, Mass.
Towler, Thomas. Grass Lake, Mich.
Tracy, Caleb B., Wilmot, N. H.
Tracy, Ira, Bloomiiigton, Wis.
Tracy, Joseph, Beverly, Mass.
Trask, George, Fitfhburg, Mass.
Trask, John L. R., Uolyoke, Mass.
Treat, Charles R.. Marlborough, Mass.
Treat, Selah B., Boston, Mass.
Trumbull. H. Clay, Hartford, Ct.
Tuck, Jeremy W., Jewett City, Ct.
Tucker, Ebenezer, New Orleans, La.
Tucker, .Joshua T., Cdii'opee Falls, Mass.
Tucker, Maik. Welhersrteld, Ct.
Tucker. AVilliam J., Manchester, N. H.
Tnfts, James, Monson, Mass.
Tunnell, Robert M., Wabaunsee, Ean.
Tupper, Henry M., Waverly, 111.
Tupper, Martyn. Waverly, 111.
Turbitt, John, New York.
Turner. Asa. Oskaloosa, lo.
Turner, Kdwiii B., Hannibal, Mo.
Turner, John. New Orleans, La.
Turner, Josiali W., Waverly, Mass.
Turner, William W., Hartford, Ct.
Tulhill, Ldward 13., Concord, 111.
Tuthill, George M., West St. John's, Mich.
Tuttle, William G., Ware, Mass.
Tuxbury, Franklin, Brandon, Vt.
Twining, Kinsley, Cambridgeport, Mass.
Twining, William F., St. Louis. Mo.
Twilchell, Joseph H., Hartford, Ct.
Twitchell, Justin E., East Cleveland, O.
Twitcliell, Royal, Kingston, Miuu.
Tyler, Araory H., Monson, Me.
Tyler, Charles M., Chicago, 111.
Tyler, John E., Vineland, N.J.
Tyler, dosiah. A. B. C. F. M., South Africa.
Tyler, Willi. im, Aubiirndale, Mass.
Tyler, William S.. Amherst, Mass.
Tyson. Ira C, Bedford, N. H.
Underwood. Alnion, Irvington, N. J.
Underwood, Henry B., Baxter Springs, Kan.
Underwood. Joseph, East Burke, Vt.
Underwood. Rufus S., East Hartford, Ct.
Unsworth, Joseph, Georgetown, Ont.
Uphani, Thomas C, Kenncbunkport, Me.
Upson, Henry, New Preston, Ct.
Upton, John K., Monona, lo.
Utley, Samuel, Concord, N. H.
Vaill, Henry .\I., Portland, Me.
Vaill, Herman L., Litchfield, Ct.
Vaill, William K., Shutesbury, Mass.
Valentine. I'eter, Mt. Sterling, Wis.
Van Antwerp, John, De Witt, lo.
Van Auken, Hclmas H., New Baltimore,
Mich.
Van Home, M., Newport, R. I.
Vandeven, C. W.. Alto, Wis.
Van Dyke, Samuel A., Champaign, 111.
Van Norden. Charles, Beverly. Mass.
Van Wagner, James M., Muscotah, Kan.
Veitz, Christian F., Locust Lane, lo.
Venning, C. B., A. M. A., Chesterfield,
Jamaica.
Vermilye, Robert G., Hartford, Ct.
Verney, James, Ceresco, Mich.
Vetter, John, Tontogany.
Vincent. James, New Milford, III.
Vinton, John A., North Winchester, Mass.
Virgin, Samuel H.. Soraerville, Mass.
Voluntine, T. J., Champaign. 111.
Vorce, Juba H., South ML'riden, Ct.
Vose, James G., Proviilence, R. I.
Vroraan, .Joseph P., Brids;e|)orl, Mich.
Wadsworth, Thomas A., Waseca, Minn.
Waite, Hiram H., Sandy Creek, N. Y.
Wakefield, William, Harmar, O.
Wakeman, M. M., Farmersburg. lo.
Walcott, Jeremiah W., Kipon. Wis.
Waldo, Levi F., Beardstown, 111.
Waldron. Daniel W., East Weymouth, Mass.
Wales, Henry A., Ehnwood, R. I.
Walker. Aldace. WMlliugiord, Vt.
Walker, Avery S., Fairhaven, Mass.
Walker,C. S., Darion, Ct.
Walker, Elkanah, Forest Grove, Or.
Walker, Edward. Burlington, 111.
Walker, George F., Little Corapton, R. I.
Walker, George L., New Haven, Ct.
Walker, George W., Chagrin Falls, O.
Walker, Horace D., Biidgewater, Mass.
Walker, James B. R., Hartford, Ct.
Walker, Townsend, Goshen, Mass.
Walker, William, A. B. C. F. M., Gaboon.
Walker, William, .\lderly. Wis.
Wallace, Cyrus W.. Manciiester, N. H.
Wallace, I'atterson W., Rochester Mills, 111.
Ward, Earl J., Grafton, Vt.
Ward, James W., Lakeville, Mass.
Ward, J. Wilson, Jr., Rochester, Mass.
Ward, Joseph, Yankton, Dak. Ter.
Ward, Putney, New Orleans. La.
Ward, William H., Independent , New York
City.
Ward, W. P., Gretna, La.
Warner, Aaron, Amherst, Mass.
Warner, James K., .Tacksonville, Fla.
Warner, Lyman, Rockford, lo.
Warner, Oliver. Boston, Mass.
Warner. Pliny F., Aledo. III.
Warner, Warren W., Norfolk, N. Y.
Warren, Alpha. Roscoe, III.
Warren, II. Vallelte, Granville, 111.
AVarren, Israel 1'., Boston. Mass.
Warren, Jamis H., San F'raneisco, Cal.
Warren, Le Roy, Pentwatcr, Mich.
Warren, Waters, Three Oaks, Mich.
Warren. William. Gorliam, Me.
Warren, William H., St. Louis, Mo.
Washburn. Asahel C., Syracuse, N. Y.
Wasliburn, Georae, Constantinople.
Washburn, George T., A. B. C. F. M.,
Madura.
Westell, Willi.am P.. St. Clair, Mich.
Waterman, Alfred T., Kensington, Ct.
Waterman, James H., I'ewankee, Wis.
Waterman, Thomas T.. Monroe, Ct.
Waterman, William A., Cameron, Mo.
Waters, Otis B., Benzonia, Mich.
Watson, Charles C, Dover, N. H.
Watson, Charles P., Cowansville, Que.
Watson, Cyrus L., Okalla.Ill.
W.atson, John P., Leverett, Mass.
Watson, Thomas, Wilmington, N. Y.
Watts, James, Union Grove, Wis.
Watts, l>yman S.. Barnet, Vt.
Waugh, i). Darwin, Wauscon, O.
Webb, Edwin B., Bo.ston. Mass.
Webb, Wilson D., Areola, III.
Webber, Edwin E., Durant, lo.
Webber, Georye N.. Middlebury, Vt.
Webster, John C, Wheaton, 111.
Webster, Robert M., Brandon, Wis.
iS/i.]
List of Cong7'egat'wnal Ministers.
203
WeidmaT), Peter, Tine Creek, lo.
Weir, JohnE., Leavenworth, Kan.
Welch, Moses C., Mansfield, Ct.
Weld. W.M., Marine Mills, Minn.
Weller, James, Maine, N. Y.
Wellman, Joshua W., Newton, Mass.
Wells. George H., Montreal, Que.
Wells, George W., Moscow Mills, O.
Wells, James. Dedham, Me.
Wells, John H., Kingston, R. I.
Wells, Milton, Beaver Dam. Wis.
Wells, Moses H.. Lyndon, Vt.
Wells, Noah H., Peekskill. N. T,
Wells, Rufus P., Southampton, Mass.
Wells, Spencer R., A. B. C. F. M., Western
Indiii.
Wentz, H. A., Bloomer, Wis.
West. James W., Tonica, 111.
Westlake, John. Westfield. Wis.
Westervelt, William. Oberliri, O.
Weston, Henry (J , No. Bennington, Vt.
Wetherby, Charles, West Winsted, Ct.
Wheaton. Levi, I'oplar Grove, III.
Wheeler, Charles H., Malta, 111.
Wheeler, Crosby II , A. B. C. F. M., Eastern
Turkey.
Wheeler, Frederick, Chicago, lU.
Wheeler, John E., Gardner. Mass.
WTieeler, Joseph, Albion, Out.
Wheeler, Oiville G., South Hero, Vt.
Wheeloek, Edwin, Sharon, Vt.
Wheelock, Kufus A., Mott's Corner, N. Y.
Wheelwright, Juhn B., South Paris, Me.
Whipple, George, New York City.
White, George H.. Sharon, Vt.
Wbite, Isaac C., Newmarket, N.H.
White, James C, Chicaao, 111.
White, James 8.. Marshall, Mich.
White, John, Wittemburg, lo.
White, John W.. Clinton, lo.
White, Lorenzo J., St. Paul, Minn.
W^hite, Lyman, I'lnllipston. Mass.
White, oVin W., Strongiville, O.
White, Orlando IL, New Haven, Ct.
White. Samuel J.. Walton, N. Y.
Whitehead. M. S., Indianapolis, Ind.
Wbitehill. John, Attleborough, Mass.
Whiting, Edward P., Bowenville, 111.
Whiting, Lyman, Janesville, Wis.
Whitman, Alpbonso L., Tiverton, R. I,
Whitman. John S., Williamstown, Mass.
Whitmore, Alfred A., Barry, 111.
Whitney. Henry M., Ueneva, 111.
Whitney. John, (Mass.)
Whiton. James M., Lynn. Mass.
Whittemore, Williams H., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Whiltier, Charles, Dennysville, Me,
Whittlesey, Eliphalet, Washington, D. C.
Whittlesey, Joseph. Berlin. Ct.
Whittlesey. Martin K., Alton. 111.
Whittlesey. William, New Haven, Ct.
Wickham, Joseph D., Manchester, Vt.
Wickson, Arthur, Toronto, Ont.
Wier, William W., Topeka. Kan.
Wight, Daniel, Ashburnham, Mass.
Wilcox, Asher H., Preston, Ct.
Wilcox, Luinan, Earlville, 111.
Wilcox. PhiloB., Northborough, Mass.
Wild Azel W., Greensboro', Vt.
Wild, Daniel, Fairfield, Vt.
Wild. Edw rd P.. Craftsbury, Vt.
Wilder. Hyman A., A. B. C. F. M., South
Afriai.
Wilder. J. C, Charlotte, Vt.
Wilder, Moses H , West Meriden, Ct.
Wilkinson, Keed. Fairfield, lo.
Wilkes. Henry, Montreal. Que.
Willard, Andrew J., Burlington, Vt.
Willard, Henry, Plainview, Minn.
Willard. James L., Westvillc. Ct.
Willard, John. Derby. Ct.
Willard. Samuel G.. Colchester, Ct.
Willcox, G. Buckingham. Jersey City, N". J.
Willcox, William H.. Heading, Mass.
Wilies, John T., Eureka, CaL
Willey, Charles, Nelson, N. II.
Willey, Isaac. Pembroke, N, H.
Williams, Benjamin. Nelson. N. Y.
Williams, Charles II., Boston, Mmss.
Williams, Edward M., Faribault, Minn.
Williams, Edwin E., War.'-.aw, N. Y.
Williams. E. 8., Andover, Mass.
Williams, E. T.. Chicago, 111.
Williams, Francis. Chaplin. Ct.
Williams, Francis F., Boston. Mass.
Williams, Frederick W., Black Koek, Ct.
Williams, George, Somerset, Mich.
Williams, George W., West Hartford, Mo.
Williams, Horace R., Al.mont, Mich.
Williams, Hugh R., Spooner's Corners, N. Y.
Williams, Isaac, New Orleans, La.
Williams, J. N., Parkersbnrg. lo.
Williams, John, West Bangor, Pa.
Williams, John K., Bradford, Vt.
Williams, John M., Waupun, Wis.
Williams, L, tJ., (lo.)
Williams, Mark, A. B. C. F. M., Xorth China.
Williams, Moseley H., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Williams. Nathan W., Providence. R. I.
Williams, Richard J., ShuUsburg, Wis.
Williams, R. R., Cincinnati. O.
Williams. Stephen, Clarendon, Vt.
Williams, btephen H., Nortli Hero, Vt.
Williams, Thomas, Providence, R, I,
Williams, W. B., Ashland, Pai
Williams, William D., Deerfield, N. Y.
Williams, Wolcott B., Charlotte, Mich.
Williston, M. L., Flushing, L. I.
W^illoughby, Reuben, Little Valley, N. Y.
Wilraot, William, Humiiton, Mo.
Wilson, Edwin P., Bridgton, Me.
Wilson, Gowen C, Windsor, Ct.
Wilson, John G., Sastou's River, Vt.
Wilson, Levi B., Atchison, Kan.
Wilson, Levin, Cynthiana, Ind.
Wilson, Lewis, Petersburg, Ind.
Wilson, Robert, Sheffield. N. B.
Wilson, S. B., A. M. A., Providence, Jamaica,
Wilsoti, Thomas, Stoughton, Mass.
Winch, Caleb M„ Corinth, Vt,
Winchester, Warren W., Bridport, Vt.
Windsor, John H., Grafton, Mass.
Windsor, John W., Cresco, lo.
Windsor, William, Sj'camore, 111.
Wines, C. Maurice, Hartford, Ct. 1
Winslow, Horace, Willimantic. Ct.
Winslow. Lyman W., Hydesville, Cal.
Winsor, Richard, A. B. C. F. M., Western
India.
Winter, Alpheus, New Hartford. Ct.
Wirt. David. Fort Dodge, lo.
Wiswall, Luther, Windham, Me.
Withington, Leonard, Newburyport, Mass.
Wolcott, John M., Cheshire, Ct.
Wolcott, Samuel, Cleveland, O.
Wolcoti, William, Hudson, Mich.
Wolfsen. Ludwig, Biddeford, Me.
Wood, Abel S., Niagara City, N. Y.
Wood, Charles W., Campello, Mass.
Wood, Francis, Barrington, R. 1.
Wood, George 1., Ellington, Ct.
Wood, Horace. Gilsum, N. H.
Wood, John, Brantford, Ont.
Wood, John, Wolfeboro', N. H.
Wood, Will C, Wenham, Mass.
Wood, W., A. B. C. F, M., Ahmednuggur,
204
List of Congregational Ministers.
[Jan,
"Woodbridge, Jonathan E., Aubnmdale,
Mass.
Woodbury, Frank P., Rookford. 111.
Woodbury. Samuel, Freetown, Mass.
Woodbury, Webster, Skowhegan, Me.
Woodcock, Harry E., Tonganosie, Kan,
Woodhull, John A., New Preston, Ct.
WoodhuU, Richard, Bangor, Me.
Woodman, Henry A., Newburyport, Mass.
Woodman, J. M., Chico, Cal.
Woodward, George H., Toledo, lo.
Woodward, John H., MUton, Vt.
Woodworth, Charles L., Boston, Mass.
Woodworth, Henry D., Rehoboth, Mass.
Woodworth, Horace B., Charles City. lo,
Woodworth. William W.. Grinnell, lo.
Wooley, Joseph J., Meriden, Ct.
Woolsey, Theodore D., New Haven, Ct,
Worcester, Isaac R., Auburdale, Mass.
Worcester, John H.. Burlington. Vt.
Worrell. Beniamin F.. Ontario, 111.
Wort, David." Fort Dodge. lo.
Wright, Abiel H., Winterport, Me.
Wright, Albert O.. Waterloo, Wis.
Wright, Chauncy D., Esira, lo.
Wright, C. E., Norwalk, O,
Wright, Ebenezer B., Huntington, Mass.
Wright, Ephraim M., TerryvfUe. Ct.
Wright, George F„ Bakersfield, Vt.
Wright, J., Tabor, lo.
Wright, James B., Benzonia, Mich,
Wright, James L., Haddam, Ct,
Wright, James R., Sheffield, O,
Wright, John E. M., Burlington, Me.
Wright, Samuel G., Neponset, 111.
Wright, Walter E. C, Philadelphia, Pa.
Wright, William B., Boston, Mass.
Wright, William S., Glastonbury, Ct,
Wycoff, Alfonso D., Chebanse, 111,
Wyckoff, James D., Rosevills, 111.
Yeomans. Nathaniel T., Bristol, N. T.
Young, Albert A., Bloominton, Wis.
Young, John K,, Hopkinton, N. H.
Young, Samuel, North Hammond, N. Y.
Youngs, Christopher, Upper Aquebogue
N. Y.
1 8/ 1.] General Associations and Conferences, 205
THE GENERAL ASSOCIATIONS AND CONFERENCES.
THE NAMES OF THEIR PERMANENT OFFICERS :
Maine, General Conference of. — Organized January 10, 1826.
Officers: Nelson Dingley, Jr., Lewiston, Moderator; Rev. David Garland, Bethel, Cor-
responding Secretary; Dea. Elnathan F. Duren, Bangor, Recording Secretary and Chair-
man of Committee of Publication,
Next meeting .- Bath, Tuesday, June 27, at 9 o'clock, A.m.
New Hampshire, General Association of. — Organized June 8, 1809.
Officers: Rev. George M. Adams, Portsmouth, Secretary; Rev. Henry S. Huntington,
Warner, Statistical Secretary and Treasurer; Rev. George Dustan, Peterborough, Secre-
tary of Sabbath Schools.
Kext meeting: Laconia, "fourth Tuesday of August," at 10 o'clock, a.m.
Vermont, General Convention of Congregational Ministers and Churches in.
Organized June 21, 1796,
Officers: Rev. Joseph Chandler, West Brattleboro', Register; Rev. Joseph Torrey,
Hardwick, Corresponding Secretary; Rev. William S. Hazen, Northfield, Secretary of
Babbath Schools.
Next meeting .- Newport, Tuesday, June 20, at . . o'clock.
Massachusetts, General Association of the Congregational Churches of.—
Organized June 29, 1803, as a ministerial body; including also Conferences of Churches,
June 16, 1868, by union of the Association and General Conference (which was organ-
ized September 12, 1860).
Officers : Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, D. D., New Bedford, Secretary; Rev. James P. Kimball,
Haydenville, Registrar; S. T. Farwell, 15 Cornhill, Boston, Treasurer.
Next meeting .• Easthampton " third Tuesday of June," at 4 o'clock, P.M.
Rhode Island Congregational Conference. — Organized May 3,1809.
Officers : Rev. Edward O. Bartlett, Providence, Stated Secretary ; Alfred Rickard, Provi-
dence, Treasurer.
Next meeting : Free church, Providence, Tuesday, June 13, at . . o'clock.
Connecticut, General Association of. — Organized May 18, 1709.
Officer: Rev. William H. Moore, Berlin. Registrar, Statistical Secretary and Treasurer.
Next Meeting: Yale College ch.. New Haven, Tuesday, June 20, at 11 o'clock, A. M.
General Conference of. — Organized November 12, 1867.
Officers: Rev. William H. Moore, Berlin, Registrar; Dea. Alfred Walker, New Haven,
Treasurer; Wells Southworth, New Haven, Auditor.
Next Meeting : in the autumn, time and place not yet designated.
New York, General Association of. — Organized May 21, 1834.
Officers: Rev. Edward Taylor, Binghamton, Secretary; Rev. L. Smith Hobart, Syracuse,
Statistical Secretary.
New Jersey, General Association of. — Organized June 2, 1869.
Officers: Rev. William B. Brown, Newark, Moderator; Rev. Walter E. C.Wright, Phila-
delphia, Pa., Corresponding Secretary; Rev. George B. Bacon, Orange Valley, Treasurer.
Next Meeting .- Washington, D. C, Tuesday, October 31, at . . o'clock, P. M.
Pennsylvania. — No General Association. Eleven Churches are connected with the Gen-
eral Association of New York; one with the General Conference of Ohio, and four with
the General Association of New Jersey. The Congregational Association op
Western Pennsylvania will meet on the second Tuesday in February, at Mercer; Mercer
Co., A. B. Ross, Rockdale, Register. — The Pennsylvania Welsh Congregationax
Association meets in the autumn. Rev. E. B. Evans, Hyde Park, Moderator; Rev. D.
R. Davies, Brady's Bend, Secretary. Next meeting is to be at Minersville. — The
Congregational churches of Central Pennsylvania hold a Quarterly Conference; Rev.
E. R. Lewis, Pottsville, Permanent Secretary.
District of Columbia, Association of (Ministers). — Organized May, 1867. The
Church in Washington is connected with the General Association of New Jrrsey.
Ohio, Congregational Conference of. — Organized June 24, 1852.
Officer: Rev. LysanderKelsey, Columbus, Register, Statistical Secretary and Treasurer.
Next meeting: Mount Vernon, " second Tuesday of June," at 7 o'clock, p. m.
2o6 General Associations and Conferences. [Jan.
Indiana, General Association of the Congregational Churches and Ministers
IN. —Organized March 13, 1858.
Officer : Rev. Nathaniel A. Hyde, Indianapolis, Secretary.
Next meeting: Terre Haute, Tliuraday, June 1, at 1\ o'clock, P. M.
Illinois, General Association of. — Organized June 21, 1844.
Officers ! Rev. Martin K. Whittlesey, Ottawa, Register and Corresponding Secretary.
Next meeting : Moline, '"fourth Wednesday in Maj'," at 7 o'clock, P. M.
Michigan, General Association of. — Organized October 11, 1842.
Officer : Rev. Philo R. Hurd, Port Huron, Secretary and Treasury.
Next Meeting ■■ Romeo, " third Wednesday in May," at 7^ o'clock, p. m.
Wisconsin. — No distinct Congregational organization. The churches are in the Presby-
terian AND Congregational Convention of Wisconsin. — Organized October—,
1840.
Officers: Rev. Charles W. Camp, Waukesha, Stated Clerk and Treasurer; Rev. Enos J.
Montague, Oconomowoc, Permanent and Statistical Clerk.
Next meeting .■ Fond du I^ac, Wednesday, October 4, at 7 o'clock, p. m.
Minnesota, General Congregational Conference of. — Organized October 23, 1856.
Officers : Rev. Amcricus Fuller, Rochester, Corresponding Secretary ; Rev. Henry A. Stin-
son, Minneapolis, Recording Secretary and Treasurer; Rev. Charles Seccombe, Northiield,
Statistical Secretary,
Next meeting : St. Anthony, " second Thursday of October," at 7 o'clock, p. m.
Iowa, General Association of. — Organized November 6, 1840.
Officer : Rev. Joshua M. Chamberlain, Grinnell, Register.
Next Meeting: Marion, '• first Wednesday after the fourth Wednesday of May," June 2,
at 7| o'clock, P.M.
Missouri, General Congregational Conference of. — Organized October 27, 1865.
Officers : Rev. Edwin B. Turner, Hannibal, Secretary and Treasurer.
Next Meeting: Cameron, Wednesday, October 18, at 7^ o'clock, p.m.
Kansas, General Association of. — Organized August, 1855.
Officers: Rev. George A. Beckwith, Olathe, Stated Clerk and Treasurer; Rev. Richard
Cordley, Lawrence. Statistical Clerk.
Next Meeting : Emporia, " second Wednesday of May," at 8 o'clock, p. m.
Nebraska, Congregational Association of. — Organized August 8, 1857.
Officers: Rev. James B. Chase, Jr., Fremont, Stated Clerk and Treasurer.
Next Meeting: Lincoln (conditionally), '' Second Thursday in June," at 8 o'clock, P. M.
Colorado Conference of Congregational Churches. — Organized March 16, 1868.
Officer: Rev. Nathan Thompson, Boulder, Clerk.
Meetings •• "First Tuesday iu May and November."
Oregon, Congregational Association of. — Organized 1848 ( ?;
Officer: Chester N. Terry, Salem Registrar ( ?).
Next Meeting: '' Third Thursday of June," at 9 o'clock, A. m. ( ?).
California, General Association of. — Organized October, 1857.
Officers: Rev. James H. Warren, San Francisco, Registrar and Treasurer; Rev, William
C. Pond, San Francisco, Statistical Secretary.
Next Meeting: Wednesday, October, at 10 o'clock, A. M,
Ontario and Quebec, Congregational Union of. — Organized 1853.
Officers I Rev. John Wood, Brantford, Ont., Chairman; Rev. Francis H. Marling,
Toronto, Ont., Secretary-Treasurer; Rev. William W. Smith, Pine Grove, Out., Sta-
tistical Secretary.
Next Meeting .- Guelph, Ont., " Wednesday after the first Sabbath in June," at 7.j o'clock,
p. M.
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Congregational Union of. -Organized 1847.
Officers, and Place of Meeting ; No report.
1871.]
General Associations and Conferejtces.
207
ADDITIONAL OFFICERS AT THE SESSIONS OF 1870.
Maine. — Dea. Joseph S. Wheelwright, Bangor, Treasurer; Dea. "William S. Dennett,
Bangor, Auditor.
New Hampshire. — Rev. Josiah G. Davis, d. d., Amherst, Moderator; Rev. Qulncy
Blakeley, Campton, Scribe; Rev. E. E. P. Abbott, Meriden, Assistant Sci-ibe.
Vermont. — Rev. Ezra H. Byington, New Haven, Moderator; Rev. George F. Wright,
Bakersfield, Scribe.
Massachusetts. — Rev. Samuel T. Seelye, D, B., Easthampton, Moderator; Rev. Edward
S. Atwood, Salem, Assistant Registrar.
Rhode Island. — Rev. Thomas Laurie, d. d.. Providence, Moderator; Dea. J. C. Thomp-
son, Providence, Scribe; Rev. Henry A. Wales, Elm wood, Assistant Scribe.
Connecticut, Associaticn. — Rev. Edward E. Rankin, Fairfield, Moderator: Rev. Con-
stans L. Goodell, New Britain, Scribe ; Rev. 8. G. Willard, Colchester, Assistaut Scribe.
Connecticut, Conference. — Prof. Cyrus Northrop, New Haven, Moderator; Rev. Myron
N. Morris, West Hartford, Scribe ; Dea. Charles Northend, New Britain, and Henry M.
Cleaveland, Brooklyn, Assistant Scribes.
New Tokk. — Not received.
New Jersey. — Rev. C. A. Harvey, Middletown, N. Y., Scribe.
Ohio. — Rev. Theron H. Hawkes, d. d, Marietta, Moderator; Rev. Thomas K. Noble, Cleve-
land, and Rev. Edward Anderson, Ashtabula, Scribes.
Indiana. — Rev. Nathaniel A. Hyde, Indianapolis, Moderator; Rev. Clarendon M. Sanders,
Indianapolis, Scribe.
Illinois. — Rev. Franklin W. Fisk, D.D., Chicago, Moderator; Rev. Willis J. Beecher,
Galesburg, Scribe; Rev. George H. Wells, Amboy, Assistant Scribe.
Michigan. — Rev. John G. W. Cowles, East Saginaw, Moderator; Rev. Orange H. Spoor,
Vermontville, Scribe; Rev. Charles C. Melntire, Pontiac, Assistant Scribe.
W1SCON.SIN. — Rev. William E. Merriman, Ripon, Moderator.
Minnesota. — R. J. Baldwin, Minneapolis, Moderator ; Rev. James Tompkins, St. Anthony,
Scribe.
Iowa. — Rev. Samuel P. Sloan, McGregor, Moderator; Rev. Richard B. Bull, Marshalltown,
Scribe; J.P.Foster, Des Moines, Assistant Sec.
Missouri. — E. J. Cartlidge, St. Joseph, Moderator; Rev. W.R. .Sears, Sedalia, Assistant
Secretary,
Kansas. — Rev. Edwin A. Barlow, Wyandotte, Moderator; Rev. Sylvester D. Storrs,
Quindaro, Clerk.
Nebraska. — Rev. Frederick Alley, Plattsmouth, Moderator.
Oregon. —Rev. H. Lyman, Forest Grove, Moderator; Rev. J. W. Clark, Astoria, Clerk.
California. — Rev. Walter Freear, Santa Cruz, Moderator; Rev. C. H. Pope, Benicia, and
Rev. H. E. Jewett, Redwood, Scribes.
Ontario and Quebec — Rev. E. Barker, Fergus, Ont., Minute Secretary.
ORDER OF MEETINGS IN 1871.
Pennsylvania, West'n
Tuesday, February 14.
Vermont,
Tuesday, June 20
Colorado,
Tuesday, May 2.
Massachusetts,
Tuesday, June 20
Kansas,
Wednesday, May 10.
Maine,
Tuesday, June 27
Michigan,
Wednesday, May 17.
New Hampshire,
Tuesday, August 22
Hlinois,
Wednesday, May 24.
Wisconsin,
Wednesday, Oct. 4
Iowa,
Wednesday, May 31.
California,
Wednesday, Oct. 4
Indiana,
Thursday, June 1.
Minnesota,
Thursday, Oct. 12
Ontario and Quebec,
Wednesday, June 7.
New York,
Nebraska,
Thursday, June 8.
Missouri,
Wednesday, Oct. 18
Rhode Island,
Tuesday, June 13.
New Jersey,
Tuesday, Oct. 31
Ohio,
Tuesday, June 13.
Connec't, Conference,
"Autumn."
Oregon,
Thursday, June 15.
Pennsylvania, Welsh,
"Autumn."
Connecticut, Assoc'n,
Tuesday, June 20.
No. Sec. and N. B.,
No report.
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Vol. XIII. No. II.— Whole No. 50. Second Series.— Vol. III. No. 11.
THE
Congrega&ital ^narterlj.
APRIL, 1871.
Editors and Proprietors :
ALONZO H. QUINT, CHRISTOPHER GUSHING,
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHV, SAMUEL BURNHAM.
BOSTON:
CONGREGATIONAL ROOMS,
40 WINTER STREET.
187I.
Terms : Two Dollars a Year in Advance.
CONDUCTED UNDER THE SANCTION OF THE
^nteman Congrtigational ^ssccratioit anit tlje gimericait Congrtgational ^moit.
TABLE or CONTENTS.
Page.
John Keep. By Pres. James H. Fairfield, Oberlin, Ohio 209
Methods of promoting the Fellowship of the Churches. By Rev. Ed
ward W. Gilman, Stonington, Ct
Proceedings of the General Associations in reference to a National
Council. By Rey. A. H. Quint, d. d., New Bedford ....
Convention of Committees upon the Proposal to form a National Con
gregational Council. By Pres. William E. Merriman, Ripon, Wis.
Are we a Christian People ? By Edward Buck, Esq., Boston
Rev. Timothy Edwards and his Parishioners. By Rev. Increase N
Tarbox, D. D., West Newton
Catalogue of Theological Seminary. Andover, 1813-14. A Reprint
Catalogue of Theological Seminary. Andover, 1815. A Reprint .
Congregational Polity. By Alfred B. Ely, Esq., Newton
Justin Martyr on the Use and Excellency of Spiritual Songs in the
Church
Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1870-71. By Rev. A. H,
Quint, D. D., New Bedford
St. Paul upon the Resurrection. By Rev. Bernard Paine, New Bedford.
Congregational Necrology
Mrs. Louisa (Burgess) Smith, 323. — Mr. Henry Belknap, 324. — Rev,
Solomon Adams, 325. — Mrs. Mary Stephana (Goodrich) Stratton, 327
— Rev. Philo Columbus Pettibone, 32S. — Rev. John Gleed, 331. —
Dea. Jireh Piatt, 333.
Literary Review 334
Editors' Table 349
Congregational Quarterly Record 352-354
Churches Formed, 352. — Ministers Ordained, 352. — Ministers Listalled,
352. — Ministers Dismissed, 353. — Ministers Married, 353. — Ministers
Deceased, 353. — Ministers' Wives Deceased, 354.
American Congregational Association 355
American Congregational Union 356
225
234
248
252
256
275
277
279
306
307
315
323
Printed by Alfred Mudge & Son, 34 School Street, Boston.
H W. Smith.
v-^feC^*-!^ AjZ^/f_ _
THE
Congregational Quarterly.
Whole No. L. APRIL, 187 1. Vol. XIII. No. 2.
JOHN KEEP.
The name of " Father Keep " is a household word in some
parts of the land, and is not unfamiliar in others to those who
have known little of his work and his life. Even to these, a
brief sketch of his life should not prove without interest.
John Keep was born in Longmeadow, Hampden County,
Massachusetts, April 20th, 1781. His father, Samuel Keep,
was of the fourth generation from John Keep, who was one of
the earliest settlers of Longmeadow, and the ancestor of all
of the name of Keep who have had a residence in New Eng-
land. His mother was Sabina Cooley, daughter of Josiah
Cooley, of Longmeadow. He was the seventh of nine chil-
dren, all but one of whom reached nearly seventy years of
age. His father died at eighty -four, and his paternal grand-
mother at ninety-two.
The father, Samuel Keep, was a thriving farmer, of robust
frame and vigorous mind, a leading Christian man, much re-
garded in the community for his practical sagacity, and the
wisdom of his counsels in all matters of business. The chil-
dren were trained to habits of industry and frugality, and in
general received such rudimentary education as the country
school at that time afforded, with the addition, in the case of
the younger children, of a term or two at a select school,
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by Samuel Burnham, for the Proprietors
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. IIL NO. 2. I4
9A0 yoJin Keep. ■ [April,
where instruction was given in geography, grammar, and
arithmetic.
John was thoroughly trained in farm work until seventeen
years of age, when he entered Yale College and passed regu-
larly through the course, graduating in 1802 with a class of
sixty members, all of whom he outlived. A portion of the time
in college he paid his board by dining-room work in the col-
lege commons, returning to the farm in vacations to do good
service there. After a year's teaching, he entered upon special
study, in preparation for the ministry, under the private in-
struction of Rev. Asahel Hooker, of Goshen, Ct. June 11,
1805, he was approved by the Litchfield North Associa-
tion as a candidate for the ministry, having already received
an invitation to preach, from the society in Blandford, Mass.
While pursuing theological studies in Goshen, he was a
boarder in the family of Judge Nathan Hale, where he became
acquainted with Miss Lydia Hale, whom he married soon after
entering upon his work at Blandford.
The story of their courtship illustrates the simple manners
of the times. Several students boarded in the family, and the
mother being an invalid, much of the household responsibility
came upon the oldest daughter, Lydia. John Keep, with a help-
ful disposition, undertook the duty of building the winter morn-
ing fire in the kitchen fireplace ; and while the other members
of the family continued their morning nap. Miss Lydia came
down to arrange for breakfast. There was usually time to
spare in the long winter morning, and they sat and sang to-
gether the old church tunes, Mear and St. Martin's, with fitting
conversation interspersed. It is not strange that such fire-
kindling should result in kindling another flame ; and when
the winter and spring were gone, as he was about to go before
the Association for approval, Mr. Keep ventured to state his
thoughts and wishes to Miss Lydia, asking her to consider his
proposal a week and then give him a definite reply. Before the
week closed she put into his hand a paper, mostly blank, with
her name near the bottom of the page, and the following post-
script : " I accept your proposal, and, that you may make your
arrangements unembarrassed, you may put above my name
any words you may choose expressive of my affection for you,
1 8; I.] yohn Keep. 211
and I will redeem the pledge." That pledge was redeemed
by rare fidelity and devotion, through almost sixty years of mar-
ried life. Mr. Keep's own testimony to her worth will not be
regarded, by those who knew her best, as an overstatement :
" To her I owe much, yea, it verily seems to me all, of what
success I have had in my ministerial labors. In this sphere
she was always a reliable guide. Her counsels — deliberate,
never obtrusive, always given in a kind spirit, yet clear and
firm — became to me lazu, so fully did they bear the proof that
she had the mind of Christ. The duties of her home circle
and pastoral life were her pastime ; yet she quietly bore the
privations, often severe to one of her quiet, retiring tempera-
ment, inseparable from the itinerancy of her husband as an
agent and a lecturer, never holding him back from any consid-
eration merely aftecting herself. Such a helper, such a com-
panion and co-worker, God gave me for fifty -nine years and
four months."
They had only one child. Rev. Theodore John Keep, of Ober-
lin, Ohio.
The church and society at Blandford, where Mr. Keep began
his ministry, were in a distracted condition, unable to harmo-
nize in the calling of a pastor. The first settlers of the place
were of Scotch-Irish origin, possessing much native vigor of
body and mind, but not much of the grace of gentleness and
conciliation. Conflicts on the affairs of the parish had charac-
terized the town meetings for a generation, and one Sabbath .
morning the preacher had been borne to the pulpit by the
triumphant party, after a vigorous fight at the church door and
in the aisles.
There was not an equal display of interest in all the concerns
of the parish. For example, the frame of their meeting-house
was erected in 1 740, and stood a year without covering. Glass,
windows were put in more than twelve years later. In 1753,
the first floor was laid. In 1759, the people " voted to build a
pulpit, to make a pew for the minister, and to build seats in the
body of the house on the ground floor." Before this their seats
had been " blocks, boards, and moveable benches." In 1786,
forty-six years after the raising of the frame, the house was
plastered, and in 1789 the steeple was erected. In 1794, the
212 John Keep. [April,
timbers under the gallery were covered, and in 1805, a few
days before Mr. Keep's ordination, the posts and other timbers
were cased. Thus the house was sixty-five years in building,
and continued in use during the sixteen years of Mr. Keep's
pastorate. It was replaced by a fine edifice in 1822.
When the invitation was extended to Mr. Keep to come and
preach as a candidate, the church had become discouraged in
the effort to harmonize with the society, and had ceased to co-
operate. Mr. Keep was invited by the trustees of the society
alone, and the members of the church came to the meeting on
the appointed Sabbath with sad hearts to hear the society's
minister, without any expectation of being able to approve.
He preached his first sermon to this distracted congrega-
tion. Both parties were delighted, but each expected that the
other would reject the candidate. The final call for his ordina-
tion was unajiimous, and when, after sixteen years of labor,
he decided to leave, there was a unanimous vote urging him to
remain, and pledging continued and liberal support.
The parish would not seem an inviting one for a young min-
ister seeking ease, or opportunity for self-culture. It was a
rough, mountainous region ; and the people were much like the
country, scattered over an area seven by nine miles in extent.
The average annual sale of intoxicating drinks in the town
at the time of Mr. Keep's ordination, " is put by one authority
at fifty hogsheads, by another as low as twenty-five," and this
in a population of only 1,500. The ordination occasion was
celebrated by a famous ball in the evening, the young people
expecting a stern rebuke from the pulpit on the following Sab-
bath. But the rebuke did not come ; instead of this, Mrs.
Keep invited the young women of the parish to gather at her
house to form a reading circle. In the lapse of time the young
men sought an introduction to this society, and the taste for
coarser amusements gradually disappeared. Intemperance, ot
course, diminished as the people made progress in intelligence
and refinement In this good work the pulpit gave no uncer-
tain sound, but announced the doctrines of the temperance
reformation twelve years before the general movement on this
subject in New England. When Mr. Keep went to Blandford,
he found a resolution on the records of the town meeting in
1 8/ 1.] yoJm Keep. 213
these words : " Resolved, That we will not allow any preacher
the use of the pulpit to solicit money in support of mission-
aries." When he left, the cause of missions was cherished
with interest and received a liberal support. All this was not
effected without earnest and thorough labor. One who was
at that time a youth in Blandford writes of these efforts : —
" With great plainness he unfolded to his people their obli-
gations to the unevangelized abroad, and to the waste places of
our own land. In different aspects, and with varying applica-
tion, he held up the Savior's last command, and showed the
insufficiency and hollowness of a piety that consisted of pro-
fession alone and did not work by love. These now self-evident
truths sounded strangely then, and their utterance excited
great opposition, I distinctly recall the tones of injured in-
nocence in which one of his parishioners complained of the
pain which those appeals occasioned him : ' Last Sunday after-
noon,' said he, ' I sweat my shirt through while Mr. Keep was
begging for the heathen.' This was a violent form of a com-
plaint then, and now, alas, very common. The effect of this
teaching, however, remains to this day, and the results appear in
abundant fruits wherever this migratory people have wandered."
In May, 1821, Mr. Keep, in response to an invitation from
the Congregational Church in Homer, N. Y., decided to " re-
move to the West." He had at the same time a call from the
church in Brunswick, Me., with the added responsibilities pro-
posed of " teacher of moral philosophy and preacher in the
college."
The parish in Homer opened a wider field than that from
which he retired. The church had four hundred names upon
its record, and the Sabbath congregation averaged six hundred.
There was a flourishing academy in the place, of which Mr.
Keep was elected a trustee soon after his settlement. He
entered upon this field when he was forty-one years of age, in
full vigor of body and mind, with an experience of sixteen
years in the pastoral relation, and all his resources were brought
to bear upon the work before him. An extract from a written
statement made by one of his parishioners will afford some
apprehension of these labors : —
" He was now in the full possession of his mental and
214 John Keep. [April,
physical manhood, in the enjoyment of good health, and he
entered upon the duties of this new charge with all the
zeal, industry, and energy of his ardent temperament. His
congregation, mingled in a population of six thousand souls,
spread over an area of ten miles square, were to be full-fed
on the Sabbath, to be nursed in their families, to be bathed
in his sympathies when sick, and to be tenderly sustained
at the burial of their dead, requiring religious visits, many
weekly lectures and a perpetual succession of funeral sermons.
His pulpit discourses were uniformly well prepared and at-
tractive ; his various and exceedingly multiplied duties out of
the pulpit were punctually performed, and to the satisfaction
of the community. Indeed, it appears almost incredible
that one man could perform so much labor, mental and
physical ; yet by his indomitable energy and perseverance,
and by his arrangement of business, all was attended to in due
season. Through his influence as president of the board of
trustees of the academy, a ladies' department was inaugurated,
more teachers were employed, the attendance of pupils in-
creased, and the institution was at once placed on a basis which
led it on and upward to a position of one of the most popular
and useful educational agencies in central New York. To his
untiring zeal, and watchful care and liberal policy, is the insti-
tution largely indebted, and is still enjoying the benefits of that
supervision.
" Mr. Keep was remarkable for the interest he always mani-
fested in all the business, social, and religious affairs of the
community. This led him to a familiar acquaintance with the
people in the home circle, suiting his attentions to the varying
circumstances of its members. No one knew so much as he
of all that was going on in the community. For the aged he
ever had a pertinent thought, a word of consolation and cheer-
ful advice. To the middle-aged business men, he was ever
ready to address words of encouragement and wise counsels.
For the young he invariably had a word of cheerful greeting
and a hearty welcome. No child, ever so young, escaped his
notice. He thus became a great favorite with the youth and
children in our vicinity. His pulpit ministrations were of a
character to impress deeply on the mind divine truth. His
1 8/ 1.] yohji Keep. 215
manner was always interesting — often very forcible, and his
illustrations of truth vividly impressive. The admission to the
church, during his twelve years' labor among us, of five hun-
dred members, is the reliable testimony that the blessing of
God attended his ministration.
" In Sabbath-school and Bible-class instruction his labors
were broad and untiring. During the five years before his
removal from us, he maintained weekly five Bible classes, in
as many different districts, and such was his punctuality in
fulfilling his appointments, that only in one instance did he fail
of being present with his class. Many members of the church
received their first religious impressions under his faithful
presentations of truth in these Bible recitations.
" During his ministry in Homer, the great temperance move-
ment, which has done so much to bless our land and world, had
its origin. From the first, he entered into it with all his heart
and soul, and at once became an effective worker in the good
cause. Under such a leader, the Congregational Church in
Homer took high ground in this reform, deciding by a strong
vote, that persons admitted as members, whether by letter or
on profession of faith, should adopt the pledge of total absti-
nence from all intoxicating liquors as a beverage. This de-
cision is still the rule of the church, and to this day (1859) ^^t
one person has been excommunicated for a breach of this rule.
" True, there were those in the community, less ardent in
their temperament, perhaps more conservative in their views of
some measures for reform, who were disposed to charge him
with too much zeal, even with fanaticism. It is also true that
his ardent temperament, with his talent for leading the com-
munity, placed him in the front rank in all measures necessary
for a healthful public sentiment, the prosperity of the church,
and the strength and adornment of a Christian common-
wealth ; yet in all this he was never captious or dogmatical, but
at all times ready to listen to the opinions of others, and to
profit by their*suggestions, never allowing expediency to take
the precedence of principle."
A man so ardent and progressive would inevitably find some
tendency to reaction in his church, and the apprehension that
this might at length result in dissension and party division
2i6 John Keep. [April,
induced him to tender his resignation, and thus avert the
danger. Many were grieved at his decision, but he never
regretted the step.
Two calls were then before him — one to an agency in New
England in behalf of the American Colonization Society, the
other to the care of a church in Cleveland, O.
Until about this time, most of the practical anti-slavery feel-
ing of the country had gathered about the colonization society
— an organization the design of which was to send free colored
people and liberated slaves to Africa, where it was supposed
they belonged. Mr. Keep was a colonizationist ; and with this
call in his pocket he came on to Cleveland.
The doctrine of immediate emancipation on the soil had just
been broached by Garrison and others, and the colonization
society had been assailed as selfish and cruel.
Pondering these questions on his journey, he came out an
unconditional emancipationist, and hence declined the call to the
agency ; not that he was more opposed to slavery than before,
but he had obtained new light as to the practical treatment of
it. He had always hated slavery — was always a friend to the
colored race. Years before, in Blandford, he had established
a school for the neglected colored people in a portion of his
parish, and had enlisted the ladies of his congregation as its
teachers and supporters. He had a heart ready for the anti-
slavery movement which was then rising, and his earnest es-
pousal of this unpopular cause changed the current of his life,
and gave a peculiar character to his subsequent career.
Cleveland, in 1833, was a village of three or four thousand
inhabitants, and here Mr. Keep spent a year as pastor of the
Stone Church, — now the First Presbyterian Church. Then
with a colony from this church he organized a church in Ohio
City, — now the First Congregational Church, West Side, —
and became its pastor.
The work at Oberhn was commenced in 1833. In the
spring of 1834 the permanent teachers came upon the ground,
and in the autumn of that year Father Keep was elected a
trustee and president of the board. From this time he be-
gan to be known as Father Keep, not so much on account of
his age, which was fifty-three years, as for his benignant,
fatherly character.
1 8; I.] John Keep. 217
One of the first questions before the board after his election,
was that of opening the doors of the college to colored pupils.
Several meetings were held ; the discussions were long and
earnest ; there was much excitement in the new " colony " ;
and when the vote was taken in the final meeting, there was a
tie. Father Keep, as president, gave the casting vote, and de-
termined the position of the college and of the community on
the side of the colored people. The position was taken with
hesitation, but courage grew with the conflicts which followed.
From that hour, Father Keep took Oberlin on his heart, and
never laid it off until he laid off all earthly thought and care.
During the feebleness of the last day of his life, he referred to
an unfinished letter which he was writing in the interests of
the college, saying that he would finish it to-morrow.
In 1836, he resigned his pastorate in Cleveland, and accepted
a financial agency for the college. This work he prosecuted
for a year with excellent success ; but the financial crash of
1837 came on, and only a few of the pledges secured were
redeemed, his own, of ^1,000, being one of the few. The times
were unpropitious for such an effort, and he resigned his
agency to return to pastoral work.
But there were few pulpits, in those days, open to a minister
connected with the unpopular cause of abolitionism and the
unpopular college of Oberlin. He preached a few months in
Wooster, O., and afterward in Lockport and Albion, N, Y.
Then, in view of the pressing wants of the college, especially
of a debt which was truly formidable, and the impossibility of
raising money in this country, in the spring of 1839, i^ con-
nection with Mr. William Dawes, a trustee of the college, he
undertook a mission to England for its relief. Mr. Dawes was
the leader in the enterprise, and Father Keep was his ardent
supporter and co-laborer. It was a bold undertaking, but suc-
cessfully accomplished, giving a net result of ^30,000 in aid of
the college, and' furnishing relief which was vital to the success
of the enterprise at Oberlin. This sum was collected by per-
sonal application, and in small amounts, mostly under $50 each,
involving a great expenditure of labor and patience, continued
through a year and a half Mr. Dawes and Father Keep gave
themselves to the work without reservation, not even taking a
2i8 John Keep. [April,
day for recreation or sight-seeing, passing St. Paul's daily for
weeks together without turning aside to visit it. It was not
because Father Keep lacked appreciation of such objects of
interest or had no desire to see, but because he had given him-
self to a great work, and it engrossed the energies of his soul.
This arduous and self-denying labor he performed almost
without compensation.
For the next ten years he gave himself to the work of
preaching, having charge of the churches in Mansfield and
Hartford, O. ; and preaching in Arcade, N. Y., and Litch-
field, O.
In 1850, having nearly reached his threescore years and ten,
he removed his family to Oberlin, put on the harness again,
and aided in raising an endowment of ^100,000 by the sale of
scholarships. Here he passed the remainder of his years ; but
they were not years of idleness, or the quiet enjoyment of the
fruit of his labors. He filled them all to the very last with
a ceaseless activity ; looking after the interests of the col-
lege and the place ; going out upon an occasional agency ;
writing letters to friends and acquaintances to enlist their
sympathy and aid ; preaching without compensation from place
to place on the great themes of the gospel and the pressing
questions of the times, the doctrine of human rights and the
true idea of a "Christian Commonwealth"; aiding in every
public enterprise of the town, as church building and the
schools ; looking after the poor and the stranger ; showing an
intense interest in all that concerned the welfare of the families
and the place ; attending diligently all meetings of the trustees
of the college, and cheering on every effort for improvement,
often electrifying the whole body of trustees and faculty with
the impulse of his ardor and his energy and faith. Others
might be discouraged, he never was. His personal contribu-
tions to the college in money and services, estimated at the
lowest standard at the time when rendered, exceed $4,000 ; and
all this at great self-denial, most of the time without any in-
come, shut out from pastoral work by his labors for the college.
Probably no one, even of those in more active life, would be
more missed in the community than was this aged father when
he was taken away in his eighty-ninth year.
1 8/1.] yohn Keep. 219
Father Keep was blessed with a remarkably vigorous con-
stitution, and during his long life enjoyed almost uninterrupted
health. He was never confined to his bed a single day save
the last one of his life. Perhaps the best explanation of this
fact is, that "a cheerful heart doeth good like a medicine."
For a few weeks before his death he was more feeble than
usual and felt that his end was near. He spoke of his decease
and made arrangements for it with as much freedom and cheer-
fulness as if it had been a journey or a change of residence.
February nth, 1870, his long journey was finished. He
died, not because he was overcome by disease, but because he
had lived life out. He closed his eyes as calmly as a child to
sleep, holding the hands of his daughter, and putting his last
breath into a farewell kiss. At last he rested from his labors.
Some of the prominent traits of Father Keep's character
are well exhibited in the following communication from Rev.
Albert H. Plumb, Chelsea, Mass., who knew him in his best
days : —
" The visits of my uncle, Rev. John Keep, to my father's
house in my childhood, are remembered with great interest.
His cheery ways, his quaint and pithy sayings, his kind in-
terest in each member of the family, made his coming a breezy,
sunny time.
" He seemed to have a rare faculty of comprehending at once
the entire situation of the parties, of discerning just the topics
which a wise regard for the interests of the families would
bring up for conference, and passing quickly by all the little
nothings which too often engross the thoughts when friends
meet, occasioning regret afterwards that needful things were
left unsaid, he promptly seized hold of each important subject
in its order, so that when he left our roof we all felt like say-
ing 'what a satisfactory visit ! How much was accomplished !'
This suggests what, to my mind, was one great secret of his
life-long usefulness, of his perpetual peace of mind, and of his
cheerful old age. He was always accomplishing something,
and something for others. He was a remarkably busy man ;
always at work; thinking, writing, talking, planning for the
good of his fellow-men, and for the kingdom of our Lord. His
life often reminded me of one of his own aphorisms — ' Duty
220 yohn Keep. [April,
done gilds the future.' Duty done, not as a ground of future
good, to merit future joy, but done in glad and grateful service
to Christ. The consciousness of being devoted in ceaseless
labors to the prosperity of Christ's kingdom was his sufficient
joy. It assured him that God was working in him to will and
to do ; it was evidence and fruit of his union with Christ, —
a pledge that his own future prospects would continually
brighten with the increasing conquests of his King.
" In my intercourse with him, in my maturer years, I marked
some traits which are as precious as they are rare.
" He must have early formed, for he long maintained, a habit
of looking with real interest upon every person he met, and of
giving to almost every one some inspiring word, bearing on
his vital interests. These vigorous sayings often carried so
much concentrated wisdom that they were treasured as mottoes
for life.
" He was endued with remarkable foresight, so that his age
was not embittered by the overthrow of his plans and the dis-
appointment of his hopes through the changes of the times.
On the contrary, he enjoyed, as few are privileged to do, the
realization of his fondest hopes, the triumphs of his most sacri-
ficing toils. With a generosity, too, not always easy to the
aged, he gave honor to each younger worker for the Master,
welcoming with unselfish joy all new recruits, even though
they outwent the veterans, only happy that so much new
vigor was reinforcing the cause.
" His speech at the fiftieth anniversary of the American
Board, as sole survivor of its formers, a speech which he wrote
at my house in his eightieth year, breathes also a very earnest
appreciation of the more humble agencies in the church of
God. ' Hannah and Dorcas,' said he, ' and grandmother Lois
are a power nearer the throne than corporate bodies or organ-
ized boards.'
" As a friend, Mr. Keep was beyond praise. How quickly per-
sonal grief melted away in the warm sunlight of his presence ; for,
in his high consecration to great and worthy ends, he thought
little about himself — his frames or moods, his burdens or cares.
His friendship was wise, far-sighted, and it held on. Look at his
married life, — one long, peaceful, cloudless, summer day ! I
1 8/ 1.] John Keep. 221
have heard him tell how a little girl in his class at school did
him a kindness one day, ' which,' said he, ' I have been trying
ever since to repay.' And thus, at the age of ten years, began
his acquaintance with that sweet saint with whom he walked
hand in hand in blissful content for almost sixty years. I re-
member them in their prime, and among the memories of that
period, one of the most precious to me is the recollection of
hearing, after they had joined in evening prayers around my
father's fireside, the voice of each in prayer in their own room,
husband and wife commending each other, their kindred, and
all the world to God, before they sought their rest. And
when, at length, they were tottering down the hill to-
gether, no sweeter picture of wedded love ever met my eyes,
than they then presented to the view of all. Many a happy,
sportive scene, rich with kind manifestations of tenderest affec-
tion, comes up to mind, which I witnessed in their modest dwell-
ing, where the proverbial querulousness of old age was never
seen, the too frequent despondency of old age was never
felt. My brightest pictures of heavenly society are very
much the reproduction of those seasons of blessed intercourse.
Certainly, the enjoyment of such seasons, and the recollection
of them, draw our hearts, by an almost irresistible longing,
towards the hour when such communion shall be renewed, to
be broken off no more."
In noticing further the character exhibited in the life of
Father Keep, we are struck with his permanent and ever fresh
interest in life and its work. It was an interest confined to
no one phase of life or one department of work. He seemed
to appreciate and feel a personal responsibility for every
enterprise that promised any good. And his interest did not
spend itself in good wishes ; he gave his entire support by
counsel, by encouragement, by contributions of money, and
by his personal labors, to every work which he could affect.
In his pastoral life, he had a care not only for the religious
and moral condition of his people, but also for their social im-
provement and the condition of the schools, the condition of
the highways and other public improvements, the comfort and
taste of their homes, their success in farming, and everything
that pertained to the welfare of the community. In this re-
222 yohn Keep. [April,
gard he was a model pastor ; a shepherd indeed, caring for his
flock with a tender and a universal care. Later in life, when
his work seemed to have been done, this interest never abated.
He was never disposed to live in the past, or imagine the for-
mer times better than these. He was alive to all the progress
which the most sanguine could claim. He congratulated
those who were younger, that they were permitted to live and
act in these better days, and no admonition to his younger
brethren was more often on his lips than that they should ap-
preciate the privilege of living at such a time as this and not
fall behind the age This was his great anxiety in regard to
the college which he loved, that it should keep up with thfe
times in its spirit, in its facilities, and in its mode and matter
of instruction. Probably there has been no instructor in the
college for the past twenty years who was not personally and
regularly exhorted upon this point by Father Keep, every year,
and often many times a year.
Hence, he was naturally a progressive, and never a conserva-
tive. He had no veneration for anything merely because it was
of long standing. He was always looking for something better,
and ready to enlist in any reform that promised any good. He
was in the van in the temperance cause, in care for the colored
race, in the anti-slavery movement, in reforms in education and
in Christian work of every kind. And this trait was quite as
prominent when he had passed his fourscore years as in his
early manhood ; out of this and his abiding faith in God, sprung
his great hopefulness and his never-failing confidence in results.
He seemed always to look on the bright side. No difficulties
disturbed his expectation ; whoever else was discouraged, he
never desponded.
He looked for the triumph of every good cause as a matter
of course. In all undertakings, public and private, he never
seemed to think of failure, and he never seemed to fail. He
inspired others with his owh hopefulness and confidence. His
presence and courage have brightened many a dark day, and
stimulated to the final effort which proved successful. A light
went out in the community when his cheerful face and animat-
ing voice were taken away.
This hopefulness and faith were, perhaps, the source of
1 8/ 1.] yoJin Keet. 223
another trait, — his courage and fidelity in maintaining his
convictions of unpopular truth. Few, at this later day, can
appreciate the courage which it required in his early manhood,
to espouse, as he did, the cause of the colored man, and to
identify himself with the friends of abolitionism so thoroughly.
It is the kind of heroism which we still want more of, in the
pulpit and out of it.
Another quality that was very marked in his life, and one
great occasion of its success, was a habit of order and thorough
system in all his thinking, and all his intercourse and work in
the world. This must have been a natural tendency of his
mind, and it had been strengthened and increased by careful
training. He had a plan for everything. Nothing was ever
done at random or by accident. He was not drifted along by
circumstances, but subjected circumstances to his purpose.
His mind was fertile in devising, and persevering and inflexible
in execution. This appears in his early pastorates, and is the
secret of the great amount of work which he was able to accom-
plish. His plans took in all the interests of every family in
his wide parish, — and were laboriously and faithfully carried
out in all their details.
The same characteristic appeared in every call he made and
every visit he received from others. The conversation was not
allowed to drift at random ; he invariably gave some order to
it, and by his questions or suggestions shaped it to some pur-
pose. This was the more easy because his universal interest
in others and the general well-being seemed to give him a pur-
pose ready formed with regard to every one.
Even during the last few days of his life, if a member of the
college faculty called upon him, he would call up in regular
order the various interests of the school, changes in the faculty,
new buildings, efforts for endowment, individual donors to be
looked after, new men on the board of trustees, and finally a
successor to himself; and upon all these topics his inquiries
and suggestions would be as systematic and exhaustive as if
written out beforehand.
This habit carried into his business explains how he was
able to live upon his slender means almost without income, and
yet give to benevolent causes more than most persons who had
224 yohn Keep. 224
tenfold his resources. Nothing but rigid economy and the
most systematic conduct of his affairs could have accomplished
such results. Many a minister of later days might learn wis-
dom from him in this particular.
Finally, Father Keep was a man of disinterested and abound-
ing love. His self-forgetfulness was most remarkable, and he
manifested it everywhere. He lived to do good, and his love
embraced all classes. His mind was occupied with plans for
others, seldom for himself His reflections and private medi-
tations did not pertain to his own state. He was too much
engrossed with his work and its bearings to dwell upon his own
experience. Hence he was not given to speaking of himself.
In his later years, when he knew that he must soon close up
his career on earth, and when he was confined to his room, his
Bible and hymn-book were always on his stand, and nearest to
him, and he often spoke of his readiness to depart ; but even
then the burden of his thoughts was for others and the cause
of Christ. The habit of his life he could not lay aside. He
sometimes regretted that he had not more of an experience,
and depreciated his own subjective life and character in com-
parison with what seemed to him the higher experience of his
friends. But he held on his way in simple and transparent
faith and obedience, and to the end testified of the sufficiency
of Christ and his salvation. His faith was as striking as his
good-will to men.
He never had any sympathy with the spirit of reformers who
showed disrespect for the Bible and the church. While he was in
advance of all in reforms, he was a firm and humble believer in
the word of God as the only infallible rule of faith or practice,
and was a most devoted and loyal disciple of the Lord Jesus
Christ. It was his great aim to apply the principles of the
gospel to all the relations and affairs of man. To this agency,
under the blessing of God, he ascribed all improvements in the
condition of the world. And so, in quiet trust and earnest
consecration, he waited the call of his Master, and when the
summons came went home in peace.
James H. Fairchild.
Oberlin Ohio.
1 8/ 1.] Methods of Promoting the Fellowship of Qmrches. 22$
METHODS OF PROMOTING THE FELLOWSHIP OF
THE CHURCHES.i
In discussing the " Methods of Promoting the Fellowship of
the Churches," we leave out of view the relation of so-called
" denominations." However important it may be to have inti-
mate fellowship with all evangelical churches, our theme to-day
is limited to those known as Congregational. We pass by
also the question of fellowship between our sister churches in
other parts of the country. Whether we should retain the old
custom of interchanging salutations with corresponding bodies
by delegates, and whether or not we should have a National
Convention of Congregationalists, meeting annually or trien-
nially, are questions of importance ; but for the present hour,
the question is how to promote the Christian fellowship of
churches of our order, in the same town or county, and how to
bring all our churches in Connecticut into closer sympathies
with each other.
It will be my aim rather to open this subject than to answer
this question fully.
The point aimed at here, instead of being novel, is one of
the essential features of our Congregational polity. Our
churches, while ever jealous of judicatories independent of the
brotherhood, and refusing the supervision of prelates and pres-
byteries, have professed the obligations of fellowship, and have
provided certain modes of manifesting their unity. One
chapter of the Cambridge platform (Chap. XV.) treats of the
" communion of churches one with another." The terms Asso-
ciation, Consociation, Council, Conference, are all significant of
this fellowship, and so also are letters missive and letters of
dismission and commendation.
The question before us at this time, however, is both prac-
tical and important, inasmuch as several causes combine to
weaken these fraternal bonds and interrupt church fellowship,
1 Read before the General Conference of the Congregational Churches of Con-
necticut at New London, Nov. 2, 1870, by Edward W. Oilman, pastor of the
Second Congregational Church in Stonington.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 3. IS
226 Methods of Promoting the FellowsJdp of Churches. [April,
so that between contiguous churches there is less intercourse,
perhaps, than formerly ; less, certainly, than there ought to be.
Let us consider these causes. Why do not the Congregational
churches of Connecticut know more of each other's condition
and interests }
1. One reason is our non-sectarianism. In our reaction
from what we have deemed narrowness and bigotry, in our
eagerness to show that forms and organic relations are not of
the essence of a church, we have fallen into the way of under-
rating the value of our own institutions. Our most liberal
contributions have been for objects in which Congregational
churches have had no exclusive interest. Our most earnest
appeals have been for non-sectarian objects. Our largest work
has been undenominational. Our associations for beneficence
have not been ecclesiastical. In many churches the appeal for
gifts to any charity peculiar to our own denomination, has been
the exception, and not the rule. The churches, therefore, to a
large extent, have not been taught, to believe that a Congrega-
tional church is any better than any other church. Why, then,
should they care much for church fellowship .''
2. A second reason is the preference of our churches for
remote fields of charity. " Distance lends enchantment." The
romance of beneficence is heightened by the remoteness of the
beneficiary. Did the minds of men turn more to the necessi-
ties of Jwme evangelization, the bonds of church fellowship
would be tightened.
3. A third reason for this ignorance is the growing spirit of
independence in our churches. They share the spirit of the
age. The strong and the feeble churches alike have it. They
desire no episcopal supervision, no interference from without,
no advice even, unless it accords with conclusions already
formed. Councils are called to complete a contract in which
the parties are agreed, or give sanction to a separation which is
practically accomplished. Where is the church which, in em-
ploying a minister for a month or for a year, would raise the
question whether or not this engagement would meet the
approval of neighboring churches .-• or would give any weight
to suggestions of dissatisfaction if made } Or what church
thinks of applying to the associated pastors of the neighbor-
iS/i.] Methods of Promoting the Fellowship of Churches. 227
hood for advice in relation to its vacant pulpit, or for help in
maintaining the observance of the Lord's supper, and the stated
forms of Christian worship ? The stronger churches are con-
scious of their own resources, while the feebler, perhaps, are
unaware of the advantages which they might gain by a closer
affiliation with those who cherish the same faith and order.
The isolating effect of such independence of spirit is obvious.
4. A fourth reason for the ignorance spoken of, is that so
little pains are taken to bring the churches into the closest
sympathy. Our conference system is of recent introduction,
and has not yet become rooted in the affections of church
members generally. In some parts of the State it is exceed-
ingly difficult to waken any enthusiasm about it. The current
definitions of a local church are faulty in leaving out of view
the mutual relations ot churches. The constitutions of our
churches — so far as they have any formal constitutions —
rarely define their responsibilities to others holding the same
faith and order. A majority of our churches are indeed con-
sociated ; but upon many of these the yoke sits very lightly, and
the tendencies are centrifugal and not centripetal. Would not
larger efforts to promote church fellowship meet with larger
I esults }
5. A fifth reason for the ignorance of each other's condition
and wants is found in the instability of the pastoral office. The
churches are known very generally through their pastors. To
this day, the body whose hospitality we are enjoying is known
as Dr. McEwen's church. He was pastor here for more than
fifty years. The pastor of any church in a term of years
becomes known to all the churches round about, and every
where he appears as the representative of his own congregation.
By occasional exchanges, by timely aid on extraordinary occa-
sions, by words of wisdom, encouragement, and love, by constant
co-operation in counsel, the settled ministry are doing more than
any other agency to keep up the fellowship of the churches. But
changes in the pastoral office are frequent ; there were twenty-
three pastors dismissed last year, about one seventh of the whole
number in the State. Every vacancy thus made is to some
extent an interruption of fellowship, and the smaller congrega-
tions especially, when deprived of their pastors, are very likely
228 ]\Iethods of Promoting the Fellozvship of CJmrches. [April,
to pass for a considerable time out of the range of contact and
sympathy of contiguous churches.
6, A sixth reason is found in the increasing practice of
relying upon "stated preachers," or " acting pastors," for the
ministration of the word. However serviceable and acceptable
the work which is done in this way, these " stated preachers "
do not become known as the official representatives of the
church. They are in no way formally introduced to the
churches at large. They may be from remote parts of the
country, unaccredited here ; or they may be men of other
denominations and other ways of thinking. Their coming and
going are not matters of public record, and so, from the very
nature of the case, the working of such a plan is not in the
direction of church fellowship.
The number of churches in Connecticut without pastors is
forty more than it was ten years ago. One hundred and thirty-
five churches in Connecticut, out of two hundred and ninety,
have either no stated preachers, or are supplied without the
advice and public assent of the churches round about them. I
say this not to call in question at all the fidelity and worthi-
ness of those who preach the gospel without installation ; but
solely to emphasize the significance of the fact that so large
a number of congregations are so far forth disregarding the
fellowship of the churches in this respect. At least seventy-
seven, or about one quarter of the whok, have stated preachers.
Should the other three quarters follow the same example, how
serious a blow it would be to ecclesiastical communion !
I lese six things I find the chief reasons which explain
the ignorance of our churches of each other, and their indif-
ference to each other's welfare ; they are our non-sectafianism ;
our preference for remote fields of charity ; a growing spirit of
ijidependence ; the meagreness of effort to bring churches together ;
frequent changes in the pastoral office, and an increasing willing-
ness to dispense with installation.
Ought we then to devise measures for increasing and extend-
ing the fellowship of these churches .-* I say, yes ; we need
them in order to make our church-work more efficient. We
cannot afford, as Christian churches, to be isolated from each
other. The largest and strongest cannot, and surely the
1 8/ 1.] Methods of Promoting the Fellowship of Churches. 229
smaller and feebler churches cannot. We owe more than we
think to the fact that so many have not only a common name,
but similar traditions and usages ; and whatever accidental cir-
cumstance, like the renown of a preacher, or the attractiveness
of a house of worship, may give to some churches a seeming
independence of others, we may be sure that, in the long run,
every church needs the avowed and cordial sympathy of its
sister churches.
Ought we to devise measures for increasing and extending
this fellowship ? I say, yes ; we owe it to the Great Head of
the church to look after the interests of those organized asso-
ciations of believers in which his Spirit dwells, and which are
especially affiliated with us. If we cannot go outside of certain
denominational lines without trespass, and the danger of awak-
ening hostile criticism, we can, I am persuaded, do more to
bring into living fellowship those who accept the same stand-
ards with us. Suppose the apostle Paul to be settled as pastor
over any one of our churches ; would he show as little interest
as some of us do in the congregations of believers round
about .'' See what constraint he felt as the care of all the
churches pressed upon him ! See what intense longing he had
to return, for a season, to Thessalonica, and confirm the faith of
those to whom he had preached the gospel ; and how, — as he
tells them once and again, — because he could no longer forbear,
he sent Timothy to ascertain their faith and love. Do we not
need some apostolic faith and zeal in this very matter .'' It may
be that our system is faulty ; that it is not easy for us who are
expected to preach twice every Sunday, and conduct a third
service, to go off eight or ten miles to look after scattered con-
gregations ; it may be costly, or laborious, or awkward ; but
such replies only satisfy me that we ought to do something to
promote this fellowship of churches, and to intensify the con-
viction that we are members, not of Christ only, but of each
otJier.
How, then, can we promote this fellowship } What measures'
can we devise, commend, adopt, and execute for increasing the
true fellowship of the churches in which we are most deeply
interested }
I answer, i. This General Conference exists for this very
230 MttJiods of Promoting the Fellowship of Chitrches. [April,
end. It was instituted "for the purpose oi fraternal intercourse
and of co-operation, and mutual incitement in all the evangeliz-
ing work of Christian churches." It brings together delegates
from all parts of the State to participate in all appropriate
forms of fellowship. It is a great gain to have it ; its value
will be more appreciated, its power will be more felt, as years
roll on. More than any other institution, it will unite us in
Christian bonds. It has been so in Maine, where the Confer-
ence system was introduced in 1822, and where, by the way,
the Rev. Nathan Douglass, once a member of this first church
in New London, had a prominent part in establishing it. It
has been so in other States. Ten years ago, Dr. Joseph P.
Thompson stated that " the formation of the General Associ-
ation had done more than any other event to give character,
strength, unity, vitality, increase, and permanence to Congre-
gationalism in New York." Even now, with a similar intent,
we are discussing the proposal for a National Conference.
Important, however, as the General Conference is, the smaller
district Conferences are more important. They come closer to
the heart of the people. They meet oftener ; they conserve,
more directly, the interests of the feebler churches, and the
out-of-the-way places. In one part of this county there is a
cluster of half a dozen churches which have a monthly Con-
ference, informal and unimposing, but spiritual and precious,
and they get the good of it. It cannot but be so.
2. Secondly, I answer the question by asking, cannot the
State Conference or the local Conferences do more with direct
reference to the point before us .'' Can they not devise meas-
ures— perhaps by appointing committees of consultation and
advice — for helping vacant and feeble churches to find candi-
dates for the ministry, and to secure the stated ministration of
the word and ordinances .-* The Connecticut Home Mission-
ary Society does something in the way of visitation and of
succor ; but cannot we, conference-wise, do more .'' We know
very well that if these churches were of the Methodist persuasion,
the presiding elders in each district would bestir themselves to
provide relays of preachers ; and would have some system for
stated services as frequent as the circumstances would allow.
Or if they were of the Episcopal persuasion, the bishop's
1871.] Methods of Promoting the Fellowship of Churches. 231
counsel and help would be in continual requisition. Can we
not, without any sacrifice of independence, and without any
obtrusive interference, put ourselves as a body into living
sympathy with vacant churches with a view to help and coun-
sel them in their need ? Can we not do conference-wise, what
ministers' associations have sometimes done, in the way ot
intrusting to certain brethren the responsibility of opening
communication with churches which are in circumstances to
need expressions of sympathy ?
In Maine it is customary, I believe, for the local Conferences
to send an embassy — a pastor and a layman — to visit this
church and that, which has no settled ministry. Notice is given
of their coming ; the pastor preaches, perhaps breaks bread
and baptizes ; the brother adds words of exhortation. In-
quiries are made ; facts are learned ; encouragements are given ;
report is made ; and if there were no other fruit, the expression
of Christian .fellowship has its uses. It maybe a church going
to decay ; but the sick unto death like to be visited ; and some-
times the shadow of an apostle passing by has proved to be a
means of cure. Would it be impracticable to arrange an annual
visitation to every church in Connecticut, strong or feeble, so
long as it is without a permanent preacher or pastor.-* In the
old records of the first church in Stonington, I find frequent
entries like these : " May 21, 1721, Mr. John Prentice, pastot
of the Church of Christ in Lancaster, was at Stonington and
preached in the afternoon, and with leave of the church present,
he administered Baptism." "June 19, 1720. Mr, Eliphalet
Adams, pastor of the cJiurch of Christ in New London, being
desired by this church to come, baptized [such and such persons].
The same day he administered the sacrament." Is 'there not
something pleasant in this recognition of church fellowship .^
and may not the pastors of adjoining churches feel some
measure of responsibility for things around them .-*
3. I answer the question before us thirdly, by saying, that the
work of promoting the fellowship of the churches must be
done mainly in the churches themselves. We may get warmth
and light here, but the fire must be kindled at home. It is
very well for one or two hundred of us to look each other in
the face at these annual Conferences, and to enjoy the tokens
232 Methods of Promotiiig the Fellowship of Churches. [April,
o our Saviour's presence in our assemblies ; but we want also
to have a telegraph office in every congregation, and to verify
the words,
" Our fears, our hopes, our aims are one,
Our comforts and our cares."
Such fellowship must be rooted in the several churches, and
there we need both t\\Q feeling of fraternal love and the mani-
festation of it. No man liveth unto himself: and no church
liveth to itself Selfishness in a person is bad enough ; in a
church it is intensely worse ; and I hold it to be our duty to
insist on this idea of fellowship as fundamental in a church
organization.
Now, in order to the expression of fellowship, I am inclined
to think that our churches generally need a more efficient or-
ganization of their own members for all kinds of Christian
work. If we are to have a partnership of churches, as well as
of individual Christians, I think we must make more of the
local church as the icnit of organization. We have been accus-
tomed to say that every church needed a pastor and deacons ;
many are coming to feel that it is well enough officered if it
has only deacons ; but inasmuch as we read in apostolic days
of elders, helps, governments, rulers, pastors, and teachers, I
think that both Scripture and experience suggest our need of
more extended organization than most of our churches have.
The more we rise to a consciousness of the value of the local
church and of its fitness for gospel work, the more I think will
our churches appreciate the expression of fellowship.
Of specific measures, a few may be suggested. Fellowship
is sustained in some measure by correspondence. Why should
not our churches, every one of them, cause an annual view of
the state of religion to be prepared, submitted for approval,
and accepted by the church as its report to the local confer-
ence of its welfare ? This simple church act would continually
remind the brethren of their relation to others. This is done
by the Baptist churches in Connecticut. So in the Rhode
Island Congregational Conference, the constitution requires
each church to render a written report, which is first read pub-
licly, then printed and circulated. How that matter is man-
1 8; I.] Methods of Promoting the Fellowship of Churches. 233
aged in Connecticut, the churches, I venture to say, have no
idea.
Again, let us have committees of correspondence, through
whom churches may communicate with each other. One-fifth
of our churches are to-day without pastors or stated preachers.
Who knows whom to address in them for information or for
counsel ? The minutes of the Maine Conference, for this
year, give the names of the clerks of churches throughout the
State. This is a good course for us to follow.
Again, why should not the churches assume more of the cost
of maintaining denominational fellowship t They have begun
to do it in providing for the publication of minutes and sta-
tistics ; but that they have done only five years, although they
have reaped the benefit of it for a whole generation. But
beside that, the chief tax for denominational expenses still falls
on the ministers ; they go to councils at their own charges ;
they attend conference at their own expense ; and often from
meagre salaries they pay, out of all due proportion, the inci-
dental expenses which the churches ought to bear. I believe
it would help this matter of church fellowship if the churches
would assume, as a matter of course, the entire expenses in-
curred by their pastors and delegates when attending public
gatherings in their behalf Outside of the church, " who goeth
a warfare at his own charges .'' "
One more suggestion : that pastors in planning " exchanges,"
may aim distinctly to promote this church fellowship. It is a
good thing to have different congregations made familiar with
the voices of those who minister to sister churches ; but in
some quarters it might be helpful to connect some further aim
with this. Thus, within a certain district, one minister might
undertake in the course of the year to present some phase of
Christian duty, or some department of Christian beneficence, to
each of several churches, coming with that distinct and avowed
purpose, while those with whom he exchanged took some other
department to be treated in the same way. Special studies
and gifts might in this way be turned to the best' account.
I sum up all in one brief word : let us fully appreciate the
value of intimate fellowship, and then do our best to promote
it according to the wisdom which God gives us.
234 Proceedings of the General Associations [April,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENERAL ASSOCIATIONS IN
REFERENCE TO A NATIONAL COUNCIL.
When the Congregational churches were confined almost
wholly to New England, the facility of intercourse insured a
unity which needed no more formal expression than the cor-
respondence of State bodies with each other by delegates.
Hence, it was held that no organization broader than that of a
single State was necessary, except when some exigency should
arise, such as those which prompted the calling of the Albany
Convention of 1852, and the Council at Boston of 1865. But
the rapid extension of the Congregational connection from the
Hudson River to the Pacific Ocean, has made the" want of some
common assembly severely felt ; and the great and pressing
duties of evangelization have made the exigencies continual.
The stanchest advocates of the rights of the churches have
come to feel that some visible expression of unity is greatly
needed, as well as some method of securing common consulta-
tion upon the duties of the churches in their united character ;
and that both of these objects can be perfectly secured without
interfering, in the least degree, with those principles of local
self-government which are dear to this part of Christ's visible
church.
We think it well to put into form the action of the several
State organizations upon this subject, and in doing so, we shall
quote from their proceedings verbatim.
It will be remembered that on the approach of the two hun-
dred and fiftieth anniversary- of the landing of the Pilgrims,
the Church of the Pilgrimage, at Plymouth, Mass., invited the
churches to meet, by delegates, at New York, to consider the
appropriateness of peculiar action in celebrating this fifth
jubilee. That meeting was held March 2, 1870; and it ap-
pointed a general committee for its purposes, consisting of
Hon. Edward S. Tobey, Rev. William W. Patton, d. d., Rev
Henry M. Dexter, d. d., Samuel Holmes, A. S. Barnes, Rev.
Ray Palmer, d. d., and Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d. ; of
iSyi.] Concetniiig a National Council, 235
which, the first named was chairman, Rev. Dr. Dexter, secre-
tary, and Mr. Holmes, treasurer.
Among the acts of this committee was the calling of a
Pilgrim Memorial Cojivention, which met at Chicago, III, April
27, 1870, open to delegates from all our churches in the United
States.
Among the resolutions adopted at that large convention are
the following : —
Resolved, That this Pilgrim Memorial Convention recom-
mend to the Congregational State Conferences and Associa-
tions, and to other local bodies, to unite in measures for
instituting, on the principle of fellowship, excluding ecclesias-
tical authority, a permanent National Conference.
The convention included the entire membership of the
Triejinial Convention of the Northwest, which had met the day
previous ; and the proposal thus received the sanction, sub-
■stantially, of the churches in the great States of Illinois,
Michigan, and others, where General Associations, meeting
almost immediately afterwards, apparently did not think it
necessary to take formal action.
But, in the General Association of Iowa, meeting June i, it
was
Resolved, As the sense of this Association, that the interests
of the cause of Christ as committed to the Congregationalists
of the United States, require more frequent National Councils.
No committee appears to have been appointed.
The General Association of Indiana, June 2,
Resolved, That this Association approves the recommenda-
tion of ihe National Memorial Convention, held in Chicago, in
favor of a permanent annual or triennial National Conference.
It does not appear to have appointed a committee.
In the General Conference of Ohio, June 14, the following
preamble and resolutions were presented by Rev. A. H. Ross,
and adopted, viz : —
Whereas, The cause of the Master demands united coun-
sels and efforts ; and whereas, our churches and polity have
neither obtained the efficiency of which they are capable, nor
exhibited the unity for which Christ prayed ; therefore.
Resolved, That we hail with delight the movement to estab-
lish a National Council of Congregational Churches in the
United States, to meet at stated times, but to have and exer-
cise no ecclesiastical authority whatever.
236 Proceedings of the General Associations [April,
Resolved, That we appoint a committee of seven to make
overtures to the Congregational conferences and associations of
the several States, and the officers of our denominational socie-
ties, respecting the formation of such National Congregational
Council, on such basis , of representation as shall be deemed
best, and in accordance with the principles of our polity.
Resolved^ That said committee be authorized to represent
this Conference in any convention or conference which maybe
called before our next meeting, to mature this plan ; said Com-
mittee to report to this Conference.
The following committee was appointed by the Moderator :
Revs. Samuel Wolcott, d. d., A. H. Ross, I. W. Andrews,
D. D., G. W. Phillips, Prof J. M. Ellis ; T. S. Baldwin, of
Painesville, and F. D. Parish, of Sandusky.
The organizations in Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, and
Connecticut, all opened their sessions June 21.
In the Maine Conference : —
A communication was read from Rev. A. Hastings Ross, of
Springfield, chairman of a committee appointed by the Gen-
eral Conference of Congregrational Churches in Ohio, in ref-
erence to establishing " A National Council of Congregational
Churches in the United States, to meet at stated times, but to
have and to exercise no ecclesiastical authority whatever."
On motion of Rev. Charles C. Parker, of Gorham, —
Voted, That it be referred to a special committee of one from
each County Conference, to consider and report upon.
Committee, — Rev. C. C. Parker, Cumberland ; Rev. E. R.
Osgood, Aroostook ; Rev. R. B. Howard, Franklin ; Rev. S.
Tenney, Hancock ; Dea. M. J. Metcalf, Kennebec ; Rev. J. K.
Mason, Lincoln and Sagadahoc ; Rev. J. B. Wheelwright, Ox-
ford ; Rev. S. L. Bowler, Penobscot ; Rev. J. Cameron, Piscata-
quis ; Rev. W. S. Sewall, Somerset ; Dea. J. H. Lovejoy, Union ;
Rev. H. A. Shorey, Waldo; Rev. W. Carruthers, Washington;
Dea. D. Roberts, York.
At a subsequent session, this Committee reported the fol-
lowing resolutions, which were adopted : —
1. That the overture from the General Conference of Con-
gregational Churches of Ohio, in regard to a stated National
Council of Congregational Churches in the United States,
meets our hearty concurrence.
2. That a committee of three be appointed by this Confer-
ence, to confer with like committees of similar bodies, in regard
to the whole subject, and to report to this Conference at itg
next annual meeting,
1 8/ 1.] Concerni7ig a National Cotincil. 237
Committee of three referred to above, —
Rev. Charles C. Parker, of Gorham ; Rev, Solomon P. Fay,
of Bangor ; Rev. Benjamin Tappan, of Norridgewock.
In the Vermont Convention : —
A letter was read from the General Conference of Ohio,
requesting correspondence with reference to the establishment
of a stated National Congregational Council.
This invitation was responded to by a vote to appoint a
committee of five to take the suggestion into consideration,
and to nominate, if thought desirable, a committee to corres-
pond with reference to it.
The following persons were appointed such committee : —
Rev. Messrs. W, H. Lord, d. d., C. E. Ferrin, Joseph
Chandler, A. Stevens, R. S. Cushman.
The committee reported as follows : —
We most cordially sympathize with our sister churches at
the West and on the frontier, in their work, and cheerfully
admit that many of the difficulties and hardships to which they
are subject, in the presence of other great overshadowing re-
ligious organizations, would be essentially modified were the
object which they desire accomplished in the establishment of
a "National Council of Congregational Churches in the United
States, to meet at stated times." We also feel the force of the
reasons which are given in favor of such a council, and believe
that it might contribute much to the efficiency and the espi it
dii corps of our churches. But we question whether the sim-
plicity of our polity, and the very qualities which have given
the Congregational Churches so great influence and success
in the peculiar work of Christ's kingdom, might not suffer
somewhat in this departure from our usual course, and might
not generate an ambitious and worldly tendency in our churches
that would ultimately weaken our spiritual power, by as much
as it enhanced our outward and political influence and charac-
ter. We hardly feel prepared, therefore, to recommend as yet
so great a change as the organization of a peimanent National
Council of our Churches would effect. Still, if the matter is to
have general consideration and discussion in our Associations
and Conferences, and it is to reach a definite and conclusive
decision, we should not wish to be without influence in mould-
ing and shaping results that may so vitally affect the simplicity
and power of our Congregational Churches. We would, there-
fore, recommend the appointment of a committee of three, who,
in case the matter shall receive a general consideration by our
various Associations and Conferences and Conventions, and
238 Proceedings of the General Associations [April,
be carried speedily to some conclusive result, shall be author-
ized to speak for our Convention and to represent our interests
and wishes in the matter, and who, in case such a plan is
juds'ed to be wise by the large proportion of our churches,
shall use their influence to prevent such a council from the
possession or exercise of any ecclesiastical authority or func-
tions whatever, and shall see that the rights and liberties and
privileges of our local churches suffer no detriment, and that this
committee, without taking any conclusive action that shall
commit our churches to the organization of such a permanent
council, shall report to this convention at its next session.
W. H. LORD, for Committee.
Rev, Messrs. W. S. Palmer, Aldace Walker, d. d., and Wm.
H. Lord, D. D., were appointed the committee recommended
in this report.
In the Llassachusetts General Association : —
Communications were presented from the Hampden East
and West Associations, from the Ohio State Conference, and
from the Brookfield Associational Conference, recommending
the organizing of a National Conference of the Congregational
churches of the United States, which were referred to a com-
mittee, consisting of Rev. William A. Stearns, Rev. Edwin B.
Webb, Bro. Freeman Walker, Rev. Royal B. Stratton, and
Dea. Charles Stoddard.
The committee to whom were" referred the communications
respecting a National Conference presented a report, which,
after discussion and amendment, was adopted in form as fol-
lows : —
The committee appointed to consider the memorials sent to
this body from Hampden East and West Associations, Brook-
field Associational, and Ohio State Conference, have attended
to the duty assigned them, and report,
(i.) That while the independency in government of our
churches has been well maintained, and should be carefully
preserved, the fellowship of the churches should be more per-
fectly secured.
(2.) That we approve of the formation of a National Con-
ference of the Congregational churches of the United States.
(3.) That a committee of ten be appointed to confer with
committees from other similar bodies, and co-operate with them
in the formation of the Conference.
(4.) That in the formation of the National Conference we
recommend that the Local Conferences be the basis of repre-
sentation ; that every Local Conference shall send one represent-
1 8/ 1.] Concerning a National Council. 239
ative, minister or layman, and that every Conference containing
twenty-five churches or more shall send two representatives,
and that in addition the General Associations and Conferences
may have additional representation.
(5.) We recommend that the National Conference be held
once in two years.
On motion of Rev. Daniel P. Noyes, the following resolution
Vv'as adopted as part of the report : —
That the committee aforesaid be instructed to secure, if prac-
ticable, arrangements for meetings of the principal Benevolent
Societies sustained by Congregationalists, in connection with
the proposed National Conference of Churches.
On motion of Rev. Abijah P. Marvin, it was
Resolved, That the committee on a General Conference be
desired to enter upon their duties immediately, and by corres-
pondence with committees of other bodies secure, if possible,
a meeting of such a Conference early in the autumn of the
present year.
Resolved, That if the formation of a General Conference be
found impracticable the present year, the committee are hereby
authorized to co-operate with Congregationalists in other States
to make arrangements for the meeting of a General Conven-
tion of the Congregationalists of the United States in the
month of October next.
The Committee on General Conference, appointed under
this report, with power to fill vacancies, was constituted as
follows : Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, Rev. Seth Sweetser, Rev.
Samuel T. Seelye, Rev. Edwin B. Webb, Rev. Horace James,
Dea. Charles Stoddard, Bro. William B. Washburn, Bro. Amasa
Walker, Bio. O. R. Clark, Bro. S. Angier Chace.
The General Association of Connecticut, being a body of
ministers only, did not consider the subject.
In the New HampsJiire Association, August 23 : —
The Secretary read a letter from the General Conference of
Ohio, concerning the calling of a National Council of Congre-
gational Churches ; referred to a committee, to consider and
report upon — nominated by the chair, and consisting of Rev.
G. M. Adams, Rev. B. P. Stone, and Dea. O. D. Converse.
The committee to whom was referred the letter from the
General Association of Ohio, presented the following resolu-
tions, which were adopted : —
Resolved, That the General Association of New Hampshire
heartily approve the proposal for a National Conference of the
Congregational Churches.
240 Proceedings of the General Associations [April,
Resolved, That a committee of seven be appointed to confer
with committees from other State Congregational Bodies, with
reference to the calling of such Conference ; said committee
shall have authority to represent this Association in any pre-
liminary convention which may be called before our next
meeting.
Rev. Messrs. J. G. Davis, F. D. Ayer, C. W. Wallace, J. A.
Leach, G. M. Adams, E. H. Greeley, and Prof H. E. Parker
were appointed this committee.
In the California General Association, meeting October 5,
a letter was read
From the Ohio State Conference, which related to the sub-
ject of a National Congregational Conference, and was referred
to the Committee on Nominations for the appointment of a
Special Committee to consider the topic and report on Friday,
P. M.
The special committee consisted of the following : —
Rev. I. E. Dwinell, d. d., B. N. Seymour, J. C. Holbrook,
D.D., Dea. F. P. Holden, Bro. T. W. Strowbridge ; and the
committee presented the following, which was adopted : —
The Committee on the formation of a National Council re-
port the following resolutions : —
1. The leadings of the spirit of God in our time point to a
closer fraternal union of Christians ; and Congregationalists,
feeling the influence of this Divine impulse quite as much as
others, are drawn to recognize the duty of forming some na-
tional bond of fellowship.
2. The form of this bond, and the method of meeting this
want already providentially adopted on various occasions, to
wit : by General Councils or Conventions — point to the adop-
tion of a National Council, or Conference, as a regular feature
in our system.
3. The vast extent and variety of the field, present and pros-
pective, occupied by our churches ; the importance of husband-
ing our resources and using them wisely, without waste or
deficiency ; the necessity of unity and co-operation, and exer-
cising stimulating influence upon one another, show that a
National Council, made up of the representatives of the
churches, pastors and laymen, taking a broad survey of the
field, exercising no authority, but simply acting as a national
eye, a national heart, and a national mouth for the Churches,
would be a blessing demanded alike by the spirit of the times
and the enlarged reaches and opportunities of the denomina-
tion.
1 8/ 1.] Concerning a National Council. 241
4. We rejoice in the movement made in several States
for the establishment of a National Council ; and we respond
heartily to the overtures made by the General Conference of
the Congregational Churches of Ohio, and appoint a Commit-
tee of seven, consisting of the following persons : I. E. Dwinell,
D. D., A. L. Stone, d. d., J. C. Holbrook, d. d., B. N. Sey-
mour, J. H. Warren, J. A. Benton, and T. B. Bigelow, to cor-
respond with them, or other parties, in reference to the
subject.
5. The said Committee are, further, authorized to represent
this Association in any Convention or Conference that may be
called before our next meeting, to deliberate on a place of or-
ganization, and to assist in maturing it.
I. E. Dwinell, CJiairman.
From a letter written by the chairman, to the chairman of
the Massachusetts Committee, we take the following extract :
This Committee, with the exception of Dr. Holbrook, held
a meeting in San Francisco, Oct. 31, and after full discussion,
adopted the following recommendations : —
1. That the material organization be called "The National
Council of Congregational Churches."
2. That the National Council be held once in three years,
beginning October, 1871.
3. That the National Council be composed of two delegates
for every twenty churches, one half laymen and one half clergy-
men, — these delegates to be elected as each State may decide.
In States and Territories where there are less than twenty
Congregational churches, such State or Territory shall be en-
titled to ten delegates. It is also recommended that each of
our Theological Seminaries be entitled to one representative.
In reference to the second recommendation,
the Committee were not quite unanimous, though little or no
importance was attached to the question whether the Council
should meet once in two or three years. In reference to the
other points, the Committee were unanimous.
It seems quite important that the method of appointing the
delegates should be left to the States severally, especially as
the way of working up and organizing the principle of fellow-
ship is so various in the different States. Many of them have
no local Conferences, and in the frontier it is not yet practica-
ble to have them. . . . The most practicable way with us,
and others similarly situated, is to have our General Associa-
tion appoint the delegates.
We did not favor the idea of having the benevolent societies
SECOND SERIES, — VOL. III. NO. 2. l6
242 Proceedings of the General Associations [April,
a constituent element in the Council. ... It seemed bet-
ter to admit their presence for courtesy and quickening, and
regulate it at pleasure.
In the Wisconsin Convention, October 6 : —
A letter was read from the Congregational Conference of
Ohio, respecting a National Congregational Council, and the
following resolution was adopted : —
Resolved, That we heartily approve the proposition which
has been made for a National Conference of Congregational
Churches, and appoint Revs. W. E. Merriman, C. W. Camp,
and W. D. Love, a committee to act with committees from
Congregational Associations of other States, in calling a Na-
tional Assembly of Congregational Ministers and Churches,
to consider the subject.
The Jubilee Council oi Rhode Island, meeting October 11,
Resolved, That the Congregational Churches of Rhode
Island, assembled in Council to commemorate the two hundred
and fiftieth anniversary of the denomination in the country,
deem it a proper occasion to express their belief that its in-
terests, in this period of its increase and extension over the
continent, require, as a new feature of its polity, the holding of
stated general councils once in two or three years, for the pur-
pose of securing greater unity of feeling and action in the
churches, and for otherwise promoting their welfare ; such
councils to be held and to act in full accordance with the Con-
gregational theory."
Rev. J. G. Vose, of Providence, Rev. J. H. Lyon, of Central
Falls, Hon. F. W. Bicknell, of Barrington, and Hon. A. C.
Barstow, of Providence, were appointed delegates, by the
Rhode Island Association, November 1.
In the Minnesota Conference, meeting October 13,
A letter was read from Rev. A. Hastings Ross, of the Gen-
eral Conference of the Congregational Churches of Ohio, re-
questing action by this Conference with reference to the
formation of a National Council, and the appointment of a
corresponding committee on that subject. The subject was
referred to the Committee on Resolutions. [Revs. A. Fuller
and E. J. Hart, and William J. Copp.]
That Committee reported a resolution, which was discussed,
and deferred until the next day, and on that day.
Rev. C. Seccombe offered a substitute, which was adopted.
The resolution as amended was further discussed, and adopted :
Resolved, That while we fully believe in an occasional national
1 8/ 1.] Concerning a National Council. 243
gathering, when special subjects shall call for it, we do not
believe that an organized National Body for regular periodical
meetings, is either desirable or safe; yet we heartily agree
upon the appointment of a committee to correspond v/ith
similar committees of other State organizations on the subject.
The committee consisted of the following brethren : Rev.
Edward Brown, Medford ; Rev. A. Fuller, Rochester ; Rev.
William Gill, River Falls, Wis. ; and Rev. A. K. Packard,
Anoka.
It is understood that the objection to a permanent council
was carried by one majority.
IntheNezv K?r/^ General Association, which met October 18,
Communications from the General Association of Massa-
chusetts and the General Conference of Ohio, in relation to
the formation of a National Council or Conference of the Con-
gregational churches of the United States, were read and
referred to a committee consisting of Rev. L. Smith Hobart,
Rev. W. S. Smart, and Dea. L. D. Dana.
The committee reported the following resolutions, which
were unanimously adopted : —
1. Resolved, That we heartily approve the proposal to form
a National Council of the Congregational churches of the
United States.
2. Resolved, That a committee of eight be appointed by
this body to meet and co-operate with Committees from other
similar bodies in the organization of such National Council.
3. Resolved, That in the formation of the proposed Council,
we recommend that every local Association, Consociation, and
Conference of Congregational churches and ministers, be
entitled to representation by one minister and one layman, —
provided, that any such body having more than twenty
churches, shall be entitled to one addditional representative.
4. Resolved, That we recommend the holding of the Na-
tional Council triennially.
5. Resolved, That we respectfully invite the committees
appointed by the various State Associations and Conferences
in relation to this matter, to meet in Boston, on the 21st day
of December next, to prepare and set forth a Constitution of
government for the proposed National Council, and to issue a
call for the first meeting, — to be held in the autumn of next
year.
6. Resolved, That the above named Committee of this body
be instructed to communicate the preceding invitation to the
Committees of other similar bodies already appointed, or that
may be hereafter, as soon as practicable.
244 Proceedings of the General Associations [April,
The Committee required by the second resolution was made
to consist of Rev. L. Smith Hobart, Syracuse ; Rev. Henry
Loomis, Poughkeepsie ; Rev. Edward Taylor, d. d., Bingham-
ton ; Rev. W. I. Budington, d. d., Brooklyn ; Rev. William S.
Smart, Albany ; H. S. McCall, Esq., Albany ; Alfred Holmes,
Esq., Lockport ; Dea. Lorenzo D. Dana, Morrisville.
In the Missouri Conference, October 19 : —
Memorials having been received from the Conference of
Ohio, and General Association of Massachusetts, in reference
to a National Conference, they were submitted to the follow-
ing committee : Revs. W. C. Martyn, M. J. Savage, E. B.
Turner,
Committee on this subject reported. The report was re-
committed, and Judge Currier added to the Committee, who
subsequently reported, and the same Committee was appointed
a Standing Committee to confer with those of other bodies,
between now and next meeting, in perfecting a plan.
The resolutions were these, and were adopted unanimously :
Whereas, The complete success of the New Testament
polity of sanctified common sense calls for a union of brain,
and heart, and hand ; and
Whereas, We believe that a National Conference without
legislative or judicial powers would be conducive to enlarged
unity and efficiency of denominational thought, and feeling,
and action ; therefore
Resolved, ist. That we hail as most auspicious the National
Conference of the Congregational Churches of the United
States recommended by the Chicago Convention in April last.
Resolved, 2d, That we strongly recommend the same to the
brotherhood at large, organized upon such basis of representa-
tion as shall be deemed best, and as shall be in accordance
with the distinctive principles of our polity.
Resolved, 3d, That a committee of three be appointed to ap-
prise the General Associations of the respective States, of this,
our action.
Resolved, 4th, That that Committee be empowered to repre-
sent this Association in any Convention or Conference called
to consider the above subject between this and our next meet-
ing.
Revs. William C. Martyn, Minot J. Savage, and Edwin B.
Turner, and Hon. Warren Currier, were appointed the Com-
mittee.
In the Neiv Jersey General Association, October 25 : —
1 8/ 1.] Concerning a National Council. 245
Communications having been received from the General
Conference of Ohio, the General Association of Massachu-
setts, and the General Association of New York, in reference
to the formation of a National Council or Conference of
Congregational churches, they were referred to a committee,
consisting of Dea. Samuel Holmes, Rev. Edward Hawes, and
Rev. M. E. Strieby.
This committee reported as follows : —
Having unabated confidence in the principle of indepen-
dency as illustrated in the history of the Congregational
churches of our land ; yet believing that the fellowship of the
churches should more plainly appear, and be more perfectly
secured, in order that the efficiency of our denomination may
be increased :
Resolved, i. That we heartily approve of the formation of a
National Conference of the Congregational churches of the
United States.
Resolved, 2. That a committee of five be appointed to confer
and co-operate with committees from similar bodies for the
securing of this object.
The report was accepted, discussed at length, and adopted
after amending the first resolution so as to read " an American
Conference of the Congregational Churches of America."
Rev. Edward Hawes and Rev. M. E. Strieby were appointed
to nominate the committee of five. They reported, — J. E.
Rankin, d. d., Rev. William B. Brown, Rev. George B. Bacon,
Dea. Samuel Holmes, Rev. Burdett Hart. Report accepted
and adopted.
The General Conference of Connecticut met November i.
Its action was as follows : —
Resolved, That we approve of the formation of a National
Conference of Congregational Churches of the United States,
and recommend that it be composed of delegates from the
State General Conferences, on a fair basis of representation.
Resolved, That a committee of seven be appointed by this
Conference, to co-operate with similar committees from other
States, in any preliminary measures which they deem desirable
for the successful initiation of such National Conference.
Resolved, That if it be found best to convene the proposed
National Conference before the time which may be designated
for the next meeting of the General Conference of Connecti-
cut, the Standing Committee of this Conference may, at their
discretion, appoint delegates to represent us at such initiatory
meeting.
246 Proceedings of the Gefieral Associations [April,
The Committee of seven were appointed, as follows : —
Rev. Leonard Bacon, New Haven ; Dea. William A. Buck-
ingham, Norwich ; Rev. Davis S. Brainerd, Old Lyme ; Rev.
Robert C. Vermilye, Hartford; Rev. Edward W. Oilman,
Stonington ; Ralph D. Smith, Ouilford ; Dea. Calvin Day,
Hartford.
Substitutes : Rev. M. McG. Dana, Norwich ; Rev. David
Murdoch, New Haven ; Dea. Benjamin Douglas, Middletown ;
R. S. Ferris, South Norwalk.
It is thus seen that, of those General Associations which
have taken action, the following approved the proposal : —
Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con-
necticut, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin,
Missouri, and California; these Associations represented 2,019
churches. Iowa (197 churches) recommended "more frequent
National Councils." Nor does there appear to be any doubt that
Illinois and Michigan would endorse the proposal, having been
largely represented in the Memorial Convention at Chicago ;
these States would add 618 churches, making a total of 2,637.
Minnesota (70), by one majority, preferred occasional
Councils.
Vermont hesitated, but appears to have favored the proposal
in case it is "judged to be wise by the large proportion of our
churches," and in case the liberties of the churches are fully
secured. Vermont has 199 churches.
Of the remaining 2 1 5 churches, only 96 are united in General
Associations.
The Committee of the New York General Association issued
the following circular : —
The General Association of New York, at their meeting in
Albany, on the i8th inst., declared their approval of the forma-
tion of a National Council of Congregational Churches, and
appointed a Committee to meet and co-operate with committees
appointed by other similar bodies, in effecting such an organi-
zation.
Upon this subject, the General Association adopted, among
others, the following resolution : —
Resolved, That we respectfully invite the Committees ap-
pointed by the various State Associations and Conferences in
relation to this matter, to meet in Boston on the 21st day of
December next, to prepare and set forth a Constitution of gov-
1 8/ 1.] Concerning a National Council. 247
ernment for the proposed National Council, and to issue a call
for the first meeting, — to be held in the autumn of next year.
In communicating this invitation as instructed by the Gen-
eral Association, the Committee would remind you that the
final commemorative service for this Pilgrim Memorial Year,
including an address by Rev. R. S. Storrs, d. d., of Brooklyn,
is to be held on the 21st of December at Plymouth or Boston.
They are persuaded that no occasion could be more fitting for
a Conference of the Committees appointed in relation to the
proposed National Council, and that at no other time could a
fuller attendance be expected.
Please call at the Congregational Library, 40 Winter street,
Boston, at noon, on the 21st of December, and learn the place
and hour for holding the Conference.
The committee appointed by the General Association of
New York, is as follows : —
Rev. L. Smith Hobart, Syracuse ; Rev. Hem y Loomis,
Poughkeepsie ; Rev. Edward Taylor, d. d., Binghamton ;
Rev. W. I. Budington, d. d., Brooklyn ; Rev. William S.
Smart, Albany ; H. S. McCall, Esq., Albany ; Alfred Holmes,
Esq., Lockport ; Dea. Lorenzo D. Dana, Morrisville.
In behalf of the committee,
L. SMITH HOBART, Chairman.
Syracuse, N. Y., Oct. 24th, 1870.
The Massachusetts Committee cordially adopted the sug-
gestion that the meeting be held in Boston, deciding also upon
the time and place, and issued the following invitation : —
To the Committees regarding a National Confet'ence :
The Committee appointed by the General Association of
THE Congregational Churches of Massachusetts, invite
(on the suggestion of the General Association of New
York) all the similar Committees appointed by the several
General Associations and Conferences, to meet in Convention
in Boston, Mass., on Wednesday, December 21, 1870, at 12
o'clock, noon, at the Congregational Library, 40 Winter street,
— to consult upon the formation of a National Conference
of the Congregational Churches of the United States ;
and to take such action as may then be deemed desirable.
Upon reporting at the Library, the Delegates will be cor-
dially provided with hospitalities.
By direction of the Massachusetts Committee,
ALONZO H. QUINT, Chairman.
S. Angier Chace, Secretary.
Boston, Mass., December i, 1870. a. h. q.
248 National Council. [April,
CONVENTION OF COMMITTEES UPON THE PROPOSAL TO
FORM A NATIONAL CONGREGATIONAL COUNCIL.
In accordance with a call issued by a committee of the
General Association of the Congregational Churches of Mas-
sachusetts, upon suggestion of the General Association of
New York, Committees appointed by the several General As-
sociations and Conferences in the United States, on the subject
of a National Council, assembled in the Congregational Library
Room, Boston, Mass., December 21, 1870, at 12 o'clock, noon.
Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d., of Massachusetts, called the
convention to order, and read the invitation under which the
committees had convened.
Rev. L. Smith Hobart, of New York, Rev. Charles Seccombe,
of Minnesota, and Rev. Joseph A. Leach, of New Hampshire,
were appointed a committee to nominate officers. They re-
ported the following nominees, who were unanimously elected :
Rev. Edwin B. Webb, d. d., of Massachusetts, Moderator ;
Hon. Amos C. Barstow, of Rhode Island, Assistant Moderator ;
Rev. William E. Merriman, of Wisconsin, Scribe ; and Hon.
Henry S. McCall, of New York, Assistant Scribe.
Prayer was offered by the Moderator.
The roll of delegates was made out, and as completed in the
further sessions of the convention, is as follows : —
Maine. — Rev. Benj. Tappan ; Rev. Charles C. Parker, d. d.
New Hampshire. — Rev. Josiah G. Davis, d. d. ; Rev.
Franklin D. Ayer ; Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace, d. d. ; Rev. Joseph
A. Leach ; Rev. George M. Adams ; Rev. Henry E. Parker.
Massachusetts. — Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d. ; Rev. Sam-
uel T. Seelye, d. d. ; Rev. Edwin B. Webb, d. d. ; Hon. Charles
Stoddard ; Hon. S. Angler Chace.
Rhode Island. — Rev. James G. Vose ; Rev. James H.
Lyon ; Hon. F. W. Bicknell ; Hon. Amos C. Barstow ; Rev.
Francis Horton.
Connecticut. — Rev. Davis S. Brainerd ; Rev. Robert G.
Vermilye, d. d. ; Rev. Edward W. Gilman ; Bro. Ralph D.
Smith ; Rev. Leonard Bacon, d. d. ; Bro. Calvin Day.
187 1.] National Council. 249
New York. — Rev. L. Smith Hobart ; Hon. Henry S. Mc-
Call ; Rev. William I. Budington, d. d.
New Jersey. — Dea. Samuel Holmes,
Ohio. — Rev. George W. Phillips ; Rev. Hiram Mead ;
Rev. Israel W. Andrews, d.d,
Michigan. — Rev. Jesse W. Hough.
Minnesota. — Rev. Charles Secombe; Rev. Jas. W. Strong.
Wisconsin. — Rev. William E. Merriman.
Rev. Dr. Quint read the substance of the action taken by
the several State Conferences on the subject of a National
Council, and moved the following : —
Resolved, That it is expedient, and appears clearly to be the
voice of the churches, that a National Council of the Congre-
gational Churches of the United States be organized.
After full discussion, in which delegates from all the States
represented expressed their views, the resolution was unani-
mously adopted.
The convention took a recess of half an hour.
On re-assembling, it was unanimously
Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed, to whom
shall be referred all suggestions or papers, and who shall
report in proper draft what is necessary to the organization of
a National Council.
The following brethren were appointed the committee : —
Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d., of Massachusetts ; Rev. Wil-
liam E. Merriman, of Wisconsin ; Dea. Samuel Holmes, of
New Jersey ; Rev. George W. Phillips, of Ohio ; and Hon.
F. W. Bicknell, of Rhode Island.
Informal discussion followed, on various points submitted to
the committee ; and the convention adjourned to meet to-mor-
row at 9J o'clock, A.M.
Thursday, Dec. 22, 1870,
The convention re-assembled at 9^ o'clock, A.M. Prayer
was offered by Rev. Dr. Seelye, of Massachusetts, and Rev.
Mr. Hobart, of New York.
The committee appointed to prepare a draft of action neces-
sary to the organization of National Council, reported. Their
report was accepted, and considered article by article. After
some amendment, it was unanimously adopted, as follows : —
250 National Council. [Apri,l
Resolved, i. That it is expedient, and appears clearly to be
the voice of the churches, that a National Council of the
Congregational Churches of the United States be or-
ganized.
Resolved, 2. That the churches are hereby invited to meet
in Council, by delegates, to form such an organization, and con-
stitute its first session at a place and time to be settled by a
committee hereafter to be appointed, who shall give public
notice thereof ; and that delegates be appointed in number
and manner as follows: (i.) That the churches assembled in
their local conferences, appoint one delegate for every ten
churches in their respective organizations, and one for a frac-
tion of ten greater than one-half ; it being understood that
wherever the churches of any State are directly united in a
General Association or Conference, they may, at their option,
appoint the delegates in the above ratio in General Conference,
instead of in local Conferences. (2.) That in addition to the
above, the churches united in any General Association or Con-
ference, appoint by such Association, one delegate, and one
for each ten thousand communicants in their fellowship, and
one for a major fraction thereof (3.) That the number of
delegates be, in all cases, divided between ministers and lay-
men, as nearly equally as is possible.
Resolved, 3. That a committee, consisting of seven persons,
be appointed to prepare the draft of a proposed Constitution
for the National Council, to be submitted for consideration at
the meeting now called, and to be previously published in
season for consideration by the churches, and that that com-
mittee be governed by the following directions : —
(i.) That the name be as above.
(2.) That reference be made to the Declaration of Faith
set forth at Plymouth, in the year 1865, as the doctrinal basis.
(3.) That a declaration be made of the two cardinal princi-
ples of Congregationalism, viz : the exclusive right and power of
the individual churches to self-government ; and the fellowship
of the churches one with another, with the duties growing out
of that fellowship, and especially the duty of general consultation
in all matters of common concern to the whole body of churches.
(4.) That the churches withhold from the National Council
all legislative or judicial power over churches or individuals,
and all right to act as a Council of Reference.
(5.) That the objects of the organization be set forth sub-
stantially as follows :
To express and foster the substantial unity of our churches
in doctrine, polity, and work :
1 8/ 1.] Natioiial Council. 251
To consult upon the common interests of all our churches,
their duties in the work of evangelization, the united develop-
ment of their resources, and their relations to all parts of the
kingdom of Christ.
(6.) That the number and manner of electing delegates be
as now adopted in calling the first meeting.
(7.) That the session be held once in years.
(8.) To provide as simple an organization, with as few
officers, and with as limited duties as may be consistent with
the efficiency of the Council in advancing the principles and
securing the objects of the proposed organization.
Resolved, 4. That the churches throughout the country be
notified of the action of this convention, and be requested to
authorize their representatives in conferences to choose dele-
gates as above.
The following persons were then chosen, by ballot, the com-
mittee to prepare the draft of proposed constitution, as ordered
in the third resolve : —
Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d., of New Bedford, Massachusetts;
Rev. Pres. William E. Merriman, of Ripon, Wisconsin ; Rev.
Prof Samuel C. Bartlett, d. d., of Chicago, Illinois ; Dea.
Samuel Holmes, of Montclair, New Jersey ; Major-Gen.
Oliver O. Howard, of Washington, District of Columbia ; Rev.
Wilham I. Budington, d. d., of Brooklyn, New York ; Hon.
Amos C. Barstow, of Providence, Rhode Island.
Voted, That this committee be directed to determine the time
and place of the first meeting of the Council, and issue the call.
Voted, That this committee be instructed to recommend a
mode of providing for the expenses of delegates to the Nation-
al Council.
Voted, That thanks be returned to the brethren in Boston,
for their abundant hospitalities.
Voted, That the convention expresses to the directors of
the American Congregational Association it sense of the value
of the library rooms as a place of meeting.
Voted, That an official copy of these proceedings be pub-
lished in religious periodicals.
After prayer, the convention adjourned sine die.
EDWIN B. WEBB, Moderator,
William E. Merriman, Scribe.
252 Are We a Christian People f [April,
ARE WE A CHRISTIAN PEOPLE?
Colonial charters, and other early acts, should have some
weight in these times, when we are considering our religious
status. Here are papers issued by Catholic and Protestant
sovereigns for a period of more than one hundred and seventy
years, all in one serious strain. Is there any token of dedica-
tion in all this ; and if so, to what 1 to the Christian religion or
to Pantheism }
Ferdinand and Isabella, in April, 1492, commissioned Colum-
bus to make discoveries, with " God's assistance." Pope Alex-
ander the Sixth hopes his discoveries may redound to the
" glory of God and the extension of Christ's kingdom." Here,
certainly, is a pious verbal outfit for the great admiral.
Columbus describes his landing thus : " In all countries
visited by your highnesses ships I have caused a high cross
to be erected on every headland, and have proclaimed to every
nation that I have discovered the lofty estates of your high-
nesses. I also tell them all I can respecting our holy faith,
and the belief in the holy mother church, which has its mem-
bers in all the world ; and I speak to them of the courtesy and
nobleness of all Christians, and the faith they have in the
Holy Trinity." ^
The sailing orders given to Jacques Cartier and De Monts,
by the French sovereign, require the heathen of Canada and
Nova Scotia to be instructed " in the fear of God and his holy
law and Christian doctrine, that they may be brought to the
Christian faith ; and be withdrawn from the ignorance and
infidelity in which they now are."
This pious strain is not peculiar to Catholic sovereigns.
Queen Elizabeth cautions Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh, that their colonists, if they make discoveries, must
live in Christian peace and civil quietness, and the laws must
not be against the true Christian faith and religion now pro-
fessed in the Church of England : and Frobisher, from his
account of taking possession of the Hudson Bay country in
1578, undoubtedly had instructions of the same tenor.
The colonial charters are even more explicit. James the First
1 Select Letters of Columbus, 142.
1 8/ 1.] Are We a Christian People f 253
gives the Virginia charter of 1606, in the hope that it may tend
to the glory of God in propagating the Christian rehgion to such
people as live in darkness and miserable ignorance of the true
knowledge and worship of God. Charles the First, in 1628,
hopes "the inhabitants of Massachusetts Bay may be so
religiously, peaceably and civilly governed as their 'good life
and orderly conversation may win and incite the. natives of the
country to the knowledge and obedience of the only true God
and Saviour of mankind and the Christian faith which in our
royal intencion and the adventurers free profession, is the
principal end of the plantation,"
The Connecticut charter of 1662, is a copy of Massachusetts
in these respects. If there is a chance for finding other views
of religion any where in Hazard's or Hakluyt's collection, Mary-
land and Rhode Island are the most hopeful grounds ; but on
examination, Lord Baltimore takes his charter "without im-
peachment of God's truth and the Christian religion"; and the
Rhode Islanders, in 1663, take theirs with the hope of King
Charles Second that they may be " religiously, peaceably and
civilly governed." They are restricted to the " Holy Christian
faith," whilst they are "holding forth a lively experiment
that a most flourishing civil state may stand and best be main-
tained, and that among the king's English subjects, with a full
liberty in religious concernments and that true piety, grounded
on gospel principles will give the best and greatest security to
sovereignty." This peculiar charter is granted, moreover, in
order that Rhode Islanders may " defend themselves in their
just rights and liberties, against all the enemies of the Chris-
tian faith and others in all respects."
Obviously, there is nothing vague or pantheistic in these
State papers. The sovereigns who gave them, and the men
who received them, knew something of the Reformation and
the religious wars and leagues. Catholic and Protestant, that
ended in the peace of Westphalia. Whatever may be said of
the sincerity of sovereigns, the people who took these char-
ters were in earnest, and the concrete Christian religion they
intended to carry with them in their ships, and practise in their
new homes. Even the Dutch West India Company, who have
not a pious expression in their charter, were obliged to promise
254 "^^'^ ^^^^ <^ Christian People'^ [April,
the New York settlers, in 1656, that the city of Amsterdam
would send a proper person for a schoolmaster, " who shall also
read the Holy Scriptures in public and set the psalm." Solici-
tude for the possession of a Bible, schoolmaster, and minister,
was by no means confined to New England.
The same sentiment runs through the acts of the confedera-
tion of the New England colonies from 1648 to 1672 ; schools,
ministers, missions. Bibles, and churches, are the prevailing
topics ; even war with Indians they were anxious to con-
duct on Christian principles. It is true that the English
revolution of 1688 turned the attention of the colonies to
Europe ; brought them within the circle of European diplo-
macy and war ; sharpened the antagonism to Rome and the
friends of Rome ; and reopened the issues settled by the peace
of Westphalia ; but so far as the colonies were concerned,
there was no change in their public expressions of regard for
the Christian religion.
The revolution of 1776, the war of 18 12, and the late rebel-
lion have been most engrossing contests for civil liberty ; but so
far as State constitutions are any test, the attitude of the people
towards Christianity has not been altered. If it had altered,
some State, large or small, revising its constitution for the
fourth or fifth time since 1776, would have found words to ex-
press that change. A people indifferent as to the object of
worship, would hardly insert in twenty-four of the State con-
stitutions, that the worship intended to be sanctioned is the
worship of " God " or " Almighty God." Indifference is not
indicated by the fact that nearly every State in the Union has,
within the last fifteen years, passed acts to facilitate the forma-
tion of religious societies.
With no less tenacity docs Christian education hold its
ground, from the earliest charter^ to the latest revisions of
State constitutions. The old charters, Protestant and Catholic,
wrapped up their ideas of education in the phrases, " instruc-
tion in Christian doctrine, Christian faith, piety grounded on
gospel principles ; winning the natives to the knowledge and
obedience of the only true God," — phrases which certainly
imply education on Christian principles. How they were un-
derstood in New England, may be inferred from a colonial law
lying at the foundation of the Massachusetts school systenr,"
1 8; I.] Are We a Christian People? 255
running thus : " It being one chief project of that old deluder,
Satan, to keep men from the knowledge of the Scriptures, as in
former times, keeping them in an unknown tongue, so that at
least the true sense and meaning of the original might be
clouded and corrupted with false glosses of deceivers, so that
learning may not be buried in the grave of our forefathers in
church and commonwealth ; every town is to have a school-
master, and one hundred families a grammar school."
In every State constitution, provision is now made for educa-
tion by some form of words implying Christianity as a basis,
rather than Pantheism, looking back to the old charters and
constitutions out of which they grew historically. Thus, Ohio,
North Carolina, and Mississippi are agreed in 1870, "that reli-
gion, morality and knowledge"; Massachusetts, that " wisdom
and knowledge, as well as virtue"; Tennessee, that "knowl-
edge, learning and virtue " are to be the aims of public instruc-
tion in schools. No one imagines Vermont to be indifferent to
wisdom and knowledge, because her excellent State constitu-
tion speaks of " the encouragement of virtue and prevention of
vice"; or that Maine meant anything less by "the diffusion
of the advantages of education " than either Ohio or Massa-
chusetts.
Now that all possible issues have been fought out in regard
to religious and civil liberty, there seems to be at hand a con-
test on Christian education, wrapped up in the folds of the old
colonial charters and constitutions framed for us, when Rome
was a power ; whenever this contest begins, we may expect to
find Rome in the field to recover if she can what she has lost
since the peace of Westphalia ; but we have no fears of the re-
sult if we are as vigilant as our ancestors, and make no com-
promises. Give Rome power to shut the Bible from the
public schools, or make them denominational, and who will
guarantee us against a rebellion involving more States than the
late rebellion }
But there is a plain way of escape indicated in the recent
constitution of Virginia which makes education compulsory.
The law of Massachusetts, which insists on the reading of the
Bible in the public schools, tends the same way. If the con-
test with Rome does come, may Virginia and Massachusetts
lead to the battle as of old. EDWARD BUCK.
Boston.
256 Rev. TimotJiy Edwards and his Pat ishionas. [April,
REV. TIMOTHY EDWARDS AND HIS PARISHIONERS.
We have lately had the privilege of inspecting an interesting
and venerable relic. It is the account-book in which Rev. Mr.
Timothy Edwards, of East Windsor, Ct, father of the celebrated
Jonathan Edwards, kept his accounts with his parishioners, from
the year 1723 on to 1745. Mr. Edwards began his ministry in
East Windsor in the year 1694, immediately after the organi-
zation of the parish on the east side of the river. At that time,
the territory on both sides of the river was known as Windsor,
and when this parish was organized on the east side, it was
called " Windsor Farme," and is so named in Cotton Mather's
list of the New England churches, for the year 1696, as it
stands in the First Book of the Magnalia. Windsor was the
earliest English settlement in Connecticut. As the town was
originally laid out it covered a track some twelve miles square,
on both sides of the river. Within this original territory are
now included the towns of Windsor, Windsor Locks, East
Windsor, South Windsor, Ellington, a part of Bloomfield, and
portions, if we mistake not, of other towns. The first settlers
located themselves upon the west side. There, the church of
Mr. John Warham established itself in 1635, moving thither
from Dorchester, in Massachusetts, where it had stopped for a
time after its arrival from England, and where Mr. John Mav-
erick, one of the associate pastors, died. But the east siJe of
the river was, if possible, still more desirable than the west
side, for farming purposes. Those broad and fertile meadows
were very attractive, and, after a time, settlers began to go
over and take possession of those rich lands, and a line of
scattered farm-houses sprang up, along the second bank of the
river, just back from the meadows, so as to be lifted above the
spring floods. The settlements on the east side were at first
slow, through fear of the Indians ; but after the Indian power
was broken in 1675, by the defeat of King Philip, they went
on far more rapidly. For many years, these settlers attended
church upon the west side, crossing and recrossing the river
in boats, since nothing like a bridge over the broad Connecti-
IS/I.] Rev. Timothy Edwards and his Parishioners. 257
cut was thought of in those days. Any one acquainted with
the shape of the lands, and the operations of nature along that
portion of the valley, will readily understand that this process
was, at all times, some>vhat wearisome and laborious; while, at
certain seasons of the year, it was difficult and dangerous, not
to say impossible. In 1694, after various delays and hin-
derances, the people on the east side obtained leave of the
General Court to be organized into a parish by themselves.
There were, at that time, more than fifty families on that side ;
and a family, in those days, ordinarily meant quite a respect-
able number of individuals.
Just as this parish was organized, Timothy Edwards, son of
Richard Edwards, a merchant of Hartford, had finished his
education, collegiate and theological, and was ready for a call.
He was invited to this parish, and here began, in 1694, a minis-
try which continued until 1758, over the long period of sixty-
four years. Mr. Edwards was a graduate of Harvard, then the
only college within the New England boundaries. He had
come out from that institution in 1691, graduating in a class
of eight members, and since that time had been pursuing theo-
logical studies. So excellent was his scholarship in college,
that a peculiar honor was conferred upon him — one not before
given, as is stated, to any student of Harvard. He received
the degrees of A. B. and A. M. both upon his graduating day,
— the one in the forenoon, and the other in the afternoon. At
that time, and for eighty years afterwards, the custom at Har-
vard was, to arrange the students upon the catalogue, not in
alphabetical order, as now, but simply and solely according to
what was supposed to be their family rank and social standing.
This was a custom transferred from the mother country, and
was in accordance with the notions of the English aristocracy,
but out of place on these wild shores of the New World. But
the ideas of men change slowly, and this custom in those years
seemed altogether natural and proper. It continued at Har-
vard, and also at Yale, until just before the Revolutionary war
when the rising tide of liberty swept it away. This rule must
always have been a difficult and delicate one to apply ; and
one is curious to know by what principle it was applied, for
example, in the case of Timothy Edwards. On the Triennial
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 2. X'J
258 Rev. Timothy Edwards and Jus Par ishione7'S. [April,
Catalogue of Harvard, under the year 1691, and in a class of
eight, his name stands the last on the list. And yet his father,
Richard Edwards, of Hartford> was a man of wealth and posi-
tion, — a substantial Christian merchant, highly esteemed and
honored. One cannot but think that the boy from the distant
colony of Connecticut came to the college as one, in a great
measure, unknown to the authorities, and that he did not stand
a fair chance in this kind of classification, as compared with
the boys that came from the nearer families of the Bay, and
that when his name was once in position it was hard to move
it. Certainly, if the seven young men that preceded him on
that list were higher in the social scale than he, it must have
been a class of somewhat remarkable composition.
So soon as Timothy Edwards had entered into this arrange-
ment with the new parish of Windsor, his father went up from
Hartford, and bought for him a good farm, and built on it a
substantial house, which stood from 1795 until the early years
of the present century. The elderly people of East Windsor
now living well remember this house. At the same time, the
young minister went to Northampton, and brought away from
the parsonage the accomplished Esther Stoddard, to share
with him the joys and sorrows of his ministerial life. He was
then twenty-five years of age, and she twenty-three. They
lived together in the married state, sixty -four years, until his
death, in 1758, in his 89th year, — she outliving him twelve
years, and dying in 1770, in her 99th year. There were born
to them eleven children, of whom the celebrated Jonathan
Edwards was the fifth child and the only son. From the day
of their marriage, during all the period while these children
were being born, even on to the year 1729, a space of thirty-
five years, no break occurred in this large family circle by
death.
But we turn now from these general outlines to the book of
which we made mention at the outset. This relic of the past
is the property of Hon. John W. Stoughton, of East Windsor,
who is descended from Timothy Edwards, both on his father's
and mother's side, through the daughters. This account-book
is not the first one kept by Mr. Edwards, since the earliest
,real dates in this are in 1723 and '24, while his ministry began
1 8/ 1.] Rev. Timothy Edwards and his Parishioners. 259
in 1694. Very likely this is the second book, since this
reaches over a period of more than twenty years, before it is
filled ; and his parish is considerably larger now, as a matter
of course, than at the start. Three books of this general
character would cover his entire ministry of sixty-four years.
That he kept such accounts from the beginning of his min-
istry might be inferred from the very necessities of the case.
His people paid their parish taxes (or rates, as they were then
called) to him ; and as they did not commonly pay in money,
but in farm produce, labor, the work of the trades, shoemak-
ing, blacksmithing, tailoring, etc., etc., such book accounts
were indispensable. The merest glance at this old manuscript
will show, that the minister was mixed up with his people, in
all the varied interests and relations of life. We might, then,
naturally infer the existence of an earlier and also a later book,
by the very nature of the case. But it so happens, that in the
year 171 1, twelve years before the present book opens, Mr.
Edwards was absent from home by appointment of the colonial
government of Connecticut, serving as chaplain in a military
expedition against the French in Canada. This was in Queen
Anne's war, as it is called. 'From Albany he writes to his wife,
and in the course of the letter, says, " I would have you very
careful of my books and account of rates."
Let us first take a general survey of this old volume. The
handwriting itself would show that Mr. Edwards was a schol-
arly, careful, systematic man ; though in some parts of the
book, the writing is fine and crowded, and having become
faded by age, is almost illegible ; yet in the larger portions of
the volume, the style is open and easily read, and marks the
writer as a man of character and order.
In the index to these accounts, we find the names of 233
individuals, who, between the years 1723 and 1745, were tax-
payers in this old parish of East Windsor. A few of these
(six or seven) were widows. It maybe pleasant and profitable
to linger a few moments amid these names. There are only
two beginning with the letter A, and those are the familiar
names of John Anderson and Abiel Abbott. The letter B,
as usual, is far more affluent. There are thirteen Bissells,
nine Burnhams, nine Bancrofts, six Bartletts, two Blisses, two
26o Rev. Thnothy Edzvards and his Parishioners. [April,
Belchers, one Baker, and one Burroughs. Under the letter C,
we have three Coults, two Cooks, one Cady, and one Crow-
foot. The letter D gives us ten of the name of Drake, two of
the name Diggins, one Day, one Davis, and one Deming
Under E, we have ten Ellsworths, seven Elmers, two of the
name of Evans, one Eaton, one Eglestone, and one Edwards
(John Edwards, a half brother of Timothy). In the F's, we
have three Fosters, one Fitch, and one Fancher. The letter
G gives us eight men of the name of Grant (our President
drew his lineage from these Windsor Grants), one Gayler, one
Guilman, one Gibbs, and one Gillet. Under the letter H, we
find one Harper and one Hutchinson, The letter K gives us
but one representative, a man by the name of Kibbson. The
letter L, in this list, proves to be unusually productive ; but it is
mainly in men of one name, Loomis, of whom there are twen-
ty-two ; and one of the name of Long. M gives us five Moors,
two Mortons, one Morse, one Mackee, one Mills, one Munsell,
and one Muchmore. Under N, we have two Newberrys and
one North. The letter O gives us eight men of the name of
Osborn, and no others. P furnishes four Porters, and four of
the name of Phelps, two Pinneys, one Pryor, one Pasco, one
Pearson, and one Pitkin. The letter R gives us ten Rockwells
and no others. Under the letter S, we have ten Stoughtons,
nine Skinners, three Strongs, three Stiles, two Sadds, two
Smiths, and one Stedman. The letter T gives us three Tomp-
sons, two Taylors, one Trumbull, and one Tudor. The last
letter is W, and this gives six of the name of Wolcot, three
Watsons, one Warner, one Wood, one West, and one Wyllis.
It will not be denied that this is an honorable list of names.
From that day until this, many of these have been names of
great dignity and worth in this land, and were there time
we might dwell pleasantly upon what the Ellsworths, the
Phelpses, the Bissells, the Stoughtons, the Rockwells, the
Wolcotts, and others, have done to gather honor to their
names.
But we wish to give some specimens of Mr. Edwards' style
of bookkeeping. We open, for example, to No. 22, and at the
top of the pages we have Dr. and Cr. account with Joseph
Elmer. This Mr. Elmer, evidently, is a tailor, and the account
1 8/ 1.] Rev. TimotJiy Edivards and Ids Parishioners. 261
with him reads thus. We follow the copy as nearly as we can,
except that where lines are drawn over the pages in the form
of a cross, implying that the account is settled, we omit
them, as a matter of course. We take first the Dr. side.
" Joseph Elmer is
Dr.
To his Rate for y« year 1726 .... 001-07-07
To his Rate for y« year 1727 .... 001-06-00
To his Rate for y" year 1728 .... 000-18-05
To Rich*^ Smiths', Rate for y" year 1728 . 000-11-09
To his Rate for y year 1729 . . . 000-16- 8
To what he promised to pay for his Son Samuel 000. 06, 11"
We then turn to the Cr. side and read as follows : —
& Contra is . Cr.
By y^ Reckoning in June 13, 1726, . 000-08-00
Feb. 1 1-172^7 By making a p"" of breeches . 000-06-00
Sep.' 27, 1727 — By making my coat . . 001-00-00
Anno-1727 in y^ wint. By making a coat, jacket
& breeches for my Negro 001. 01-00
June, 29-1728 — By mending my Negroe'
Breeches . . . 000, 02, 00
Sep" 7*- 1728 — By making a wast-coat and
Breeches for myself . 000-19, 00
Sep'^-20*'' 1728 — By making a Leathern
Jacket for my Negro . 000-09-00
May 7- 1729 — By making a Coat for myself . 001-00-00
Aug. 12*^-1729 — Reckoned with Corp' Jo-
seph Elmer and due to
him upon Balance of all
acct* between us . . 000. 17. 00
It will be understood that we give only a section of the
general account, which runs on for years, and we are not
careful to see whether the part we give exactly balances or
not. We present it simply as a specimen, and to call up the
interests involved.
This negro's name was Ansars, as appears elsewhere.
Besides the regular accounts, which occupy the main part of
the volume, certain pages are crowded with memoranda, which
Mr. Edwards, strangely enough, when we consider how schol-
262 Rev. Timothy Edwards and his Parishioners. [April,
arly a man he was, calls " Memorandums." Under this gen-
eral head we find the following item : —
"Feb. loth, 173J. I sent to Doctr. Mather by Ansars,
my Negro, 4 bushels of Rie at 6 sh. and 2 bushels of wheat
at 8 sh. in all 02.00.00."
We turn now to the account of Roger Wolcott, who was
one of the chief men of the parish in respectable wealth, as
appears by the rate he paid, and, besides, was a man of great
worth, dignity, and ability. He was, from 1751 to 1854, colo-
nial Governor of Connecticut.
002-1 i-i I
000-04-01
" Majr. Wolcott is Dr.
To his Rate for the year 1729
To teaching his son Alexander besides what he
paid in March 1730, as I remember .
June 10, 1730, Majr. Walcott balanced his acct.
with me and paid 2 sh. over and above, which
he cast in.
To his" Rate for the year 1730 ....
To his Rate for the year 1731 .
Per Contra. He is Cr.
June Io'^ 1730. Reed of Majr. Wolcott .
Dec. 1730. By a bushel of salt by my negro
June 29th, 1 73 1. By 5 bushels and a half of rice
by his Ind" man .....
Anno, in y* summer 173 1. By i glass bottle
i'^- and another glass for vinegar i8'^' .
Sept. 1731. By i lb. of pepper .
One of the items in this account is for instruction given to
Major Wolcott's son, Alexander. It was no small part of Mr.
Edwards' business, either through himself or other members
of his family, to instruct young men in the Latin and Greek
languages and fit them for college. By turning to the Trien-
nial Catalogue of Yale College, we find that this same Alex-
ander Wolcott graduated at that institution in 1731. It is said
that Mr. Edwards' ten daughters all went through the course
of instruction preparatory for college in those days, and so
were prepared to assist their father in teaching, and doubtless
did so assist him; for as early as 171 1, when he was absent
002.08.08
001-12 06
002-18-00
000-07-00
001-13-00
000-02-06
000-02-01."
1 8/ 1.] Rev. Timothy Edtvards and his Parishioners, 263
upon the military expedition already referred to, the writes
home giving directions that the boy Jonathan, then eight years
old, recite his Latin to his elder sisters.
We give other facts drawn from the book, illustrative of this
teaching process which was going on continually at Mr. Ed-
wards' house.
" The widow Gaylor is Dr. on y* acct. of her son's schooling.
To instructing her son Alexander in y* Latin
tongue, from Dec. 16, 1727 to Dec. 16, 1728,
at 2"' and 6*^- per week .... 006.05.00
To instructing her son Alexander from Dec. 16,
1728 to Dec. i6"'' 1729, incl — in the Latin
and Greek (viz. y^ Greek * * for a con-
siderable part of the time) at s*''- per week,
viz. for 52 weeks 007.16.00"
There are still other entries of the same general sort, re-
specting this Alexander Gaylor, which is short for Gaylord.
By turning again to the triennial of Yale, we discover that
Alexander Gaylord graduated at that college in 1739.
Under date of 1732, we read, —
" John Diggens came to me by his Father^ Desire to be in-
structed in the Latin Tongue, &c. — on a Monday. The first
week he was here but three days."
Again we read, —
"John Diggens came the 2^^ time to me by his Father'
Desire Dec. 17, 1733, to be instructed in the Tongues."
Then we have this account with the father : —
"Jeremiah Diggens, Jun. — is Dr. upon the account of his
son John' schooling. To teaching his son 7 weeks, viz. from
the nth day of Dec. 1732, incl — to Jan 15, 1733. * *"
And again, —
"Nov- 7-1737 — Reckoned with John Diggens by his Father',
order, and due to me for teaching him y« Tongues, viz. Latin &
Greek, 47 weeks in all at 4''^' — besides the days of his absence
and his week.
This was since March 3'''^ 1736 to May 28-1727 — 09.08.00"
By turning still again to the Yale Catalogue, we find that this
John Diggens (the last syllable spelt with an i instead of an e)
264 Rev. Timothy Edwards and Jiis Par isJiione7's. [April,
graduated,at Yale in 1740. He must have entered in advance,"
since we have just seen that he was under Mr. Edwards' in-
struction in 1737.
There are three generations of the name of Diggens brought
to light in this book, who were alive at the same time. There
is Jeremiah Diggens, sen., who is written down in the account-
book as " Old Goodm : Diggens," and who was a man of sub-
stantial property, since his yearly rate for 1729 is 001.03.00.
Then there is Jeremiah Diggens, jun., whose yearly rate for
1726, is 001. 1 3.7. And there is John, his son, who goes to
college. Sergt. David Bissell has a son Hezekiah who studies
with Mr. Edwards in 1728-29, and graduates at Yale in 1733.
Mr. Edwards not only fitted the boys of his own parish for
college, but lads came also from other places, so that the East
Windsor parsonage was a sort of academy for that region.
"Sep. 26, 1730. Timothy Burbank, of Sufifield, came to my
house as a boarder. He came also for help in his learning. I
told him he must give me 3^''- a week for his Learning." So
finished and accurate a scholar was Mr. Edwards, and so
thorough was his instruction, that it lives in tradition, that the
college authorities felt it. to be superfluous to examine very
carefully the boys who came from under his tuition; that if Mr.
Edwards said they were ready for college, that was sufficient.
There were still other young men from his parish, brought to
light in this book, whose names appear in the triennial of
Yale ; but we have produced facts enough under this particular
head.
The temperance reformation had not begun in those years,
and was evidently a long way off from beginning. Mr. Ed-
wards' farm seems to have been well stocked with orchards, for
among the chief articles which he has to trade away, in his
common barter with his people, are cider and brandy. There
has not, apparently, been the slightest ripple upon the surface
of society, as yet, to make the impression that traf^c in these
articles is not as legitimate and proper as the trade in rye or
corn.
Sergt. Joseph Rockwell evidently had a cider-mill (the word
cider was then uniformly spelt with a y instead of an i), and
in Oct. 1730, he is credited by Mr. Edwards, —
1 8/ 1.] Rev. Timothy Edzvards and his Parishioners. 265
**By making 16 Barrels of Cyder at I2'i . . 00.16.00
By carting three loads of apples — . . . 00.03.00"
The same year he is credited with making 51 barrels more.
And on for some years, this is one of the items on the Cr. side
of Mr. Rockwell's account. Sergt. Bissell has a distillery, as we
may infer from the following: "Apr. 9, 1727. Rec"^ of Serg
Bissell of the Brandy he still'd for me, 5 qts, and ^ a pint by
Ansars."
And so Mr. Edwards has brandy to sell (by which we may
understand cider-brandy), and Corp. Job Rockwell purchases
the article from time to time, not in large quantities ; but still
he buys it. These are some of the charges that stand against
him : —
"June 13, 1740 — To so much Brandy at sev
times, as my wife tells me, with what he had
this day, as makes it in all to be a Gallon
and a pint 000.06.09
June 27, 1740 — To a quart of Brandy, wanting,
as my wife tells me, but a small matter . 000.01.04
Aug. 5 th, 1740 — To a quart of Brandy and
Aug. 22. To a quart of Brandy, both — , 000.01.00"
We have not discovered, except in one instance, that Mr.
Edwards bought brandy, but he generally had it to sell ; for
not only does he sell to Corp. Rockwell, but also to various
others of his parishioners, and often in larger quantities. For
example, he charges Nathan Day, May 3, 1733 : —
"To a quart of brandy by his boy — . . 000.01.03."
In June, 1732, he charges Mr. John Rockwell,
" To a gallon and J a pint of brandy , . 000.05.04."
Sergt. David Bissell buys a barrel of brandy of him in 1728,
30 quarts in 1729, a barrel in 1730, and 18 gallons more the
same year.
He also has cider to sell. In "Anno 1740," he charges Mr.
Samuel Belcher,
"To 3 barrels of cyder at 24''' — ... 003.12.00."
The like charges are frequent throughout the book.
The trades and occupations of these men clearly appear
from these accounts. Mr. Nathan Day is a blacksmith, and
266 Rev. Timothy Edwards and his Parishioners. [April,
many times in the course of these years shoes Mr. Edwards'
horse, and does other work in iron. Mr. Jacob Munsel is a
shoemaker, but not the only one in the parish. He is credited
" By mending Ansars' shoe .... ooo.oi.oo."
Mr. Daniel Skinner is also a shoemaker, and is credited with
various items in this line. Mr. William Wolcott evidently
keeps a country store, and various articles of merchandise, dry
goods, and groceries, figure in his accounts. This William
Wolcot also has a son William, who studies the " Latin and
Greek Tongues " with Mr. Edwards, and graduates at Yale in
1734-
Mr. Thomas Sadd is a tanner, and is credited frequently,
" By tanning and currying a hyde."
But the great majority of all these men are farmers, and the
articles which figure in their accounts are various items of
farm produce.
Mr. Edwards' daughters appear in these accounts. In July,
1729, Eunice buys some calico of Mr. William Wolcott, and
Abigail and Lucy purchase some " quality " of the same. In
1726, Mr. Ebenezer Stiles, in some transaction, "overpaid my
daughter Hopkins," by one shilling. My daughter Hopkins is
Esther Edwards, the oldest child, who married Rev. Samuel
Hopkins, of West Springfield. Mr. Nath'l Stoughton is also
a shoemaker, and in 1726 is credited with a "pair ot shoes for
Jerusha" ; in 1728, "By a pair of shoes for Mary" ; and 1729,
" By a pair of shoes for my Daughter Anne." Mr. Daniel
Skinner makes a pair of shoes for Martha, in Nov. 1731. In
"Anno 1733," Mr. John Wolcott is credited three shillings, as
follows : —
" To 3''' by his wife in helping Lucy as to her Lameness in
her shoulder."
The book abounds also in little entries, indicative of a con-
scientious carefulness in regard to little things, that there may
be no disputes or misunderstanding between him and his peo-
ple. We might fill pages with these, but will give a few as
specimens.
"Memd™ June 8'^ 1732. Mr. Mathew Rockwell came to
board at my house, Jan''. 30, 173^; he was absent two journeys
one to Lyme, and the other to Northampton. He was absent
iS/i-] Rev. Timothy Edwards and his Parishioners. 267
not quite a week, as my wife tells me, on either journey. En-
quire of him how long."
" March 29-1734 — I closed my account with Mrs. Smith,
now Mrs. Morrison, which was as she and Mr. Morrison told
me (both as I remember, concurring in it) 3.1 1.6."
This great exactness in little things will clearly appear from
the following memorandum written in close hand, on one of
the last pages of the book.
" Mem .
March i3"'-i72^7 — Mr. George Beale and his son Mathew
came to my house at noon, and went that day to Dinner both
of them, and at night to Supper and Lay here that night and
went to breakfast and dinner the next day, in Y afternoon
went to Hartford, viz on Tuesday.
March 17 — yy both came again on Friday and Supped and
Lodged here, and continued here till y® next Tuesday after
dinner and y° went again in the afternoon to Hartford.
March 24th — On Friday in y*^ evening yy came again
Supped and Lodged here and continued with us till Tuesday
after dinner, viz. sometime in y^ afternoon went to Hartford.
March. 51 — Yy came again on Friday evening and con-
tinued here till Tuesday after dinner as before.
And so Mr. Beale hath been here after the same manner
ever sines, with his son, only y' week our Singing Lecture
was, his son was here from the Friday night of the week be-
fore all y*" time to y next Thursday after dinner, & he himself
was here all ye time also, except Tuesday at dinner he was
absent, going that day after breakfast to Springfield and re-
turning again the same day in y" evening. This last para-
graph was written May 9 %
May 9*^ Mr. Beale with his son went from here to Hartford
and came again ye next Saturday in ye afternoon late. Next
Tuesday they went again, wh was May 1 6* and stay*^ till Fri-
day tow*^ night which was May 19, and since he hath been
here with his son Mathew constantly all the week to June 5'**
only May 23 he went with Mr. Woodbridge to Springfield
after dinner and returned again May 24 toward night.
June 19 — Mr. Beale went after dinner to Willington, and
came again ye next Thursday. Mathew continued here.
268 Rev. Timothy Edwards and his Parishioners. [April,
July 12 Mr. Beale and his son went in the forenoon to the
west side of ye river and came home yt evening.
July 17 — Mr. Beale and his son went again to the west side
of the river after dinner, and returned July 18, in the evening."
We know nothing of this Mr. George Beale, who he was, or
what errand brought him to Mr. Edwards' house ; but his ac-
count, while he stayed, was certainly kept with great particu-
larity.
One of the remarkable things about Mr, Edwards' writing, is,
the amount of it which he can manage to pack away in a given
space, while yet it does not appear in the more open speci-
mens, to be crowded or compressed. In this passage just
quoted, about Mr. Beale, the whole story is told in about four
inches in length, on a medium sized page, such as is used in
his account-book. We tried, in copying, to compress it as
much as we could conveniently, and still it covers about twice
the space on our paper, that it did on his. But we have some
specimens of Mr. Edwards' writing, compared with which, this
is a very coarse and open hand.
We give some more examples to illustrate Mr. Edwards'
carefulness.
In the year 1734, Mr. John Wolcott sold Mr. Edwards some
corn, and this is the entry describing the transaction, which
seems to have been alike honorable on both sides.
" To 4 bushels and \, and about \ a pint above 2 qts. of
Indian corn. He brought it for 5 bushels, and when he
brought it, said it was the greenest corn that ever he put
away in his life, and therefore desired me to let it lie awhile,
and then measure it again, which I did this morning, as ex-
actly and carefully as I could, and find it to be but 4^ bush-
els and 2 qts. and about \ a pint. I strook every half bushel
myself of this corn, and kept an exact score of every one, and
made the Negro sweep it up very clean, and measured the last
of it, in a half peck myself, as above."
Again.
"June 22, 1743. I paid Maj' Pitkin, as my wife remem-
bers, 32"'' only I am to pay for him 2''' to my daughter
Mary. We both remember that he told me what I then paid
ballanced accts between him and me (viz : to this day) so that
now, viz July 5th, I owe him nothing."
1 87 1.] Rev. TimotJiy Edzvards mtd his ParisJdoners. 269
"March 29, 1734 — I closed my account with Capt. William
Pitkin, which he told me was i 14''' 2d. I gave him a 40'''
Dill and he gave me lo''" back again, and desired me out of it
to pay my daughter or daughters what he owed them for cover-
ing fans."
"Oct. 22, 1734 — Ansars told me, he with my team, viz : —
oxen and cart, had worked for Jeremiah Drake 3 whole days,
and four \ days formerly; besides half a day Jeremiah
Drake had my oxen and cart himself. Ansars was not with
them; and since that he, viz my Negro, went with my team,
viz oxen and cart, with his boy, and brought him a load."
It will naturally be inferred that this Negro Ansars was a
slave. The holding of slaves was common enough in New
England at that time, and the institution was more developed
and lingered longer in Connecticut than in Massachusetts. In
the earlier portion of Mr. Edwards' ministry, mention is some-
where made, as we have the impression, of his negro Tom ; but
in these years, over which this book ranges, Tom, if there was
such an one, seems to have been superseded by Ansars.
There are occasionally business transactions recorded in this
volume not so honorable to the parties concerned. We give a
single example. Mr. Job. Drake is one of Mr. Edwards' dea-
cons. In 1730 he sold his minister some farm produce, and
this is the record made of it : —
" May 6, 1730 — By i Bushel & ^ of Ind° corn,
and I Bushel of Rie, all .... 00.10.6
Mercy Brooks told me this morning that this rie is much
blasted and very poor."
This Mercy Brooks is his woman in the kitchen, who can
have opinions of her own on some subjects, and on this she
was positive, and was probably correct. Later on in the vol-
ume this Mercy Brooks dies, and Capt. Joseph Drake is cred-
ited as follows : —
" Anno, 1 734. By digging a grave for Mercy Brooks, 4''' he
asked me, I offered him s'""."
Unlike most of the ministers of the present day, Mr. Ed-
wards is so well off that he can lend money, and is willing to
do so, at least as an act of neighborly kindness. The following
entry under the name of Capt. Joseph Phelps will show this : —
2/0 Rev. limothy Edwards and his Par isJiioners. [April,
"May 14, 1742. To ten pounds, 2''Ment him this day —
delivered to his son Dan as sent by him, which if he pays me
in a short time, I shall take the same sum in full satisfaction,
but if not, he is to allow me lawful interest with the principal."
Mr. Edwards keeps a horse which he sometimes lets to his
neighbors, but more often hires another of some of his neigh-
bors for the use of himself and family. This was the day for
horse-back riding and pillions, and it is often quite necessary
to have more than one horse for a large family. In 1739, Noah
Bissell is thus charged : —
" To y"" use of my horse twice over the River — ones to
Wintonbury by his Sister Ruth, and ones more to Middletown
for which there is a shilling behind — in all 4 shillings."
On the other hand, we have many entries of his hiring horses.
In his account with Mr. Simon Wolcot, we read, —
" Anno 1729 — By his mare, a journey to Boston 001.00.06
Dec. 17, 1733 — By his mare a journey to Boston 001.00.00
Oct. 1733 — By his horse to Windham . . 000.08.00"
In his account with Mr. David Bissell we find the follow-
ing:—
"Anno 1743. — By his horse to Boston . . 002-05-00
1743. — By his horse to Newington . 000-06-00
1743. — By his horse to Hartford . . 000-03-00
By his horse to Guilford . . 000-09-00
Also in William Wolcot's account we find the following : —
*' Anno 1726. — By his horse, a journey Windham
10'" and another to Northampton 6 . . 000-16-00
It is very easy to conjecture the genet ril purpose of some of
these journeys ; of others we may be in doubt. Here are men-
tioned three different journeys to Boston, which in those days
must have been attended with no Uttle labor. As a graduate
of Harvard College, he was, of course, at home about Boston,
and had many pleasant associations to draw him thither. Yet
it was now a long time since his college life was over, for the
earliest of the journeys here mentioned is in 1729, thirty-eight
years from his graduation, while the latest was in the year
1743, fifty-two years after graduation, and when Mr. Edwards
had passed his threescore years and ten. His business to Bos-
1 8/ 1.] Rev. Timothy Edwards and Ids Parishioners. 271
ton may quite as likely have had reference to the churches, as
to the college.
But the two journeys to Windham we can easily compre-
hend, for there lived his second daughter, Elizabeth, Mrs.
Huntington, the wife of Col. Jabez Huntington : and the jour-
ney to Northampton, made in 1726, we can understand ; for at
that time, his venerable father-in-law. Rev. Mr. Stoddard, was
alive, at the great age of eighty-three ; and if it had been a
year later, Northampton would have had still other and stronger
attractions for him, for in that year his distinguished son, Jona-
than, was ordained there as colleague with his grandfather, he
being then but twenty-three years old.
We have discovered in this volume only one reference to
this son. The reason is, that before this volume opens, Jona-
than has completed his education, and is away from home ) if,
instead of being an account-book, it were a book of family
letters, the son would doubtless JEigure largely in it. But being
what it is, only those persons come into view who are present
upon the central field of action.
But there is one reference to his son, at least, and this is in
the year 1729. At that time, Jonathan has been two years at
Northampton, and is evidently down to Windsor on a visit to
his father's house. On his return, his way will be through
Springfield. This is the entry : —
"Dec. 26, 1729. — I pd. viz, I sent by my son, and desired
him to pay to Doct. Pynchon of Springfield, 10"'' and 6^
which is all I owe him, as I have it from him in a note, under
his hand."
"Brother John Edwards" is several times mentioned in
these manuscripts. He was a half-brother of Timothy — much
younger — having been born in 1694, the very year when Mr.
Edwards began his ministry. The first references made to
him show him living in Hartford, and imply that he was a
merchant, — very likely succeeding to the business of his
father, Richard, — for the father did not die until John was 24
years old. These are some of the entries in connection with
John. The later one would seem rather to imply that he was
then living in East Windsor, but perhaps not.
"June 17, 1730 — I paid Broth John a 40 ' bill at his ware-
house."
272 Rev. Timothy Edioards and his Parishioners. [April,
"July 21, 1730 — I paid Broth' John Edwards of Hartford
if in two bills, 10": & a 5"^- "
Then, thirteen years later, we have this entry —
** Brother John Edwards
June 22, 1743 — To 5-17-4 pd him this day, as near as my
wife and I can remember ; and I well remember that he told
me what I then paid him was all that I owed him."
There is one item which fixes the salary that was voted Mr.
Edwards in the year 1728. The entry is as follows —
" 1730 — Thomas Grant is Dr —
To £2j and six shillings, which he promised to pay me of
what remained due to me for the year 1728, from the Society
on y* east side of the great River in Windsor (for the gather-
ing of which viz, the whole sum voted for my salary that year,
which was £120) he was chosen Collector, and for the pay-
ment of which money I have a noat under his hand."
One hundred and twenty pounds would have been a fair
salary in those times, had the money been as good as gold.
But there is an impression made by all these accounts, that
the money then in circulation, was, to some extent, a depreci-
ated currency. There are many common articles of farm prod-
uce, that sell at a greater price than they ought to have sold
back in those times, on a gold basis. As it was, Mr. Ed-
wards' salary was probably a rather small one ; but he had sev-
eral sources of income, and a strong father to fall back upon
through all the early years of his ministry, so that his condi-
tion was good, and life at the old parsonage house in East
Windsor, seems to have been rather free and ample. This
salary of ^120 is an advance upon his salary at the beginning
of his ministry. We learn, not from this account-book, but
from the old records of the parish, what Mr. Edwards' salary
originally was. In 1695, after he had been preaching there
nearly a year, we find the following record. " At a meeting of
the Inhabitants on the East side of the Great River in Wind-
sor for the settling of Mr. Timothy Edwards in the work of
the ministry Sept. 25, 1695, it was then voted as follows —
"That they will allow Mr. Edwards besides the £,100 for-
merly granted, (a general sum for settlement) three score
pounds a year for the two first years, seventy pounds a year
>'
1 8/ 1.] Rev. Timothy Edwards a7id his Parishioners. 273
for the two next years, and eighty pounds a year for the future :
and his wood."
With regard to the wood, there is this record some years
later : —
"Dec. 15"" 1702 — Voted that every man and all the teams
shall spend one day to cut and cart wood for Mr. Edwards,
and if that doth not provide wood enough for one year then
that the Committee now chosen shall have power to call out
the men and teams another day."
Whether the value of money itself was the same in 1694
and in 1728, we do not know, but probably it was not materially
different, so that there seems to have been a steady enlarge-
ment of the salary.
Mr. Edwards' spelling is not, in general, far removed from
that of the present day, though in some small words, there is
a notable difference. He uniformly spells rye, rie ; note, he
writes noat ; the verb to lie, he spells lye. He writes y^ for
the, constantly, and y for that, y" for then, and y'' for they. He
does not hesitate to make a record of " four Jaggs of wood
He spells balanced, generally with two Is, though sometimes
with one, and 07ice he spells ones. With regard to proper
names, after the manner of his times, he is sometimes quite
miscellaneous. One name of the same person we find written
in one place Gaylcr, in another Gaylor, and in still another
Gaylord, which is the name as now spelt. Bissell he spells
with two Cs at the end, or one, as is most convenient. Wolcott
he spells sometimes with two fs at the end, but more often
with one. But generally, in the spelling of proper names, he
keeps himself to one form.
The East Windsor list of names seems remarkable, by the
absence of certain names which are very co'mmon. There is
no man here of the name of Brown, or Jones, or Clark, or
yohnson, or Williams, — all of them very common names in
our New England records. There are only two Smiths, while
there are twenty-two of the name of Loomis, and thirteen of
the name of Bissell, as well as large numbers of Ellsworths,
Wolcotts, Stoughtons, Skinners, Grants, etc. The same thing
has happened there as in many other of our New England
towns. Of several of these names, there are by no means so
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. HI. NO. 2. l8
2/4 I^^v. TiinotJiy Edwards and his Parishioners. [April,
many persons on that territory to-day as there were 150 years
ago. It is not an uncommon circumstance in the history of
our New England communities, that a name, at one time
common, in the course of years will entirely pass away.
In the case both of Timothy Edwards and Jonathan his son,
tradition has it that they were accustomed to depend largely,
in things secular, upon their wives. This volume furnishes
abundant evidence of this, so far as Timothy Edwards is con-
cerned. Again and again in these records, reference is made
to his wife, as a kind of court for final appeal. Her recollec-
tions in matters of business is constantly cited as one who
was supposed to know.
We might go on with these details to any extent, for here,
in this volume, are about one hundred and ninety pages of
manuscript, crowded full of these items. We have done no
more than indicate a few things that may be learned by a
study of these memoranda. As we pore over these ancient
pages, there rises before us quite a well-defined picture of
what was going on, — of the style and quality of life that
was lived in the valley of the Connecticut one hundred and
fifty years ago.
But we must stop somewhere, and so we stop here.
If the other volumes kept by Mr. Edwards are in existence
anywhere among his descendants, they would throw the same
kind of light over other periods of his ministry, and connect
us with some other interests than those brought to view in
this.
Increase N. Tarbox.
West Newton.
1 8/ 1.] Andover Catalogue, December 6, 1813.
275
CATALOGUE
PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS
THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION, ANDOVER.
DEC. 6, 1 813.
Rev. EBENEZER PORTER, Bartlet Professor of Sacred Rhetoric.
Rev. LEONARD WOODS, d.d., Abbot Professor of Christian Theology.
Rev. MOSES STUART, Associate Professor of Sacred Literature.
SENIOR CLASS
> .
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
Horatio Bardwell
Goshen, Mass.
Calvin Colton
Longtneadoiv, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1813.
Ralph Emerson
Holies, N. H,
Yale Coll.
1811.
Jeremiah Flint
Braintree, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1811.
Thomas H. Gallaudet
Hartford, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1S05.
Salmon Giddings
Hartland, Conn.
Williams Coll.
1811.
William R. Gould
Sharon, Conft.
Yale Coll.
1811.
Calvin Hitchcock
Westminster, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1811.
Leonard Jewett
Holies, N. H.
Dartmojith Coll.
1810.
David M. Mitchell
N. Yarmouth, Me.
Yale Coll.
1811.
Daniel Poor
Danvers, Mass.
Darttnouth Coll.
1811.
Israel W. Putnam
Danvers, Mass.
Dartfnouth Coll.
1809.
David M.. Smith
Durham, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1811.
Miles P. Squier
New Haven, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1811.
Julius Steele
Bethlehetn, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1811.
Hervey Talcott
Coventry, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1810.
Sylvester Woodbridge
Southampton, Mass.
\ .
MIDDLE CLASS
Na7nes.
Residence.
Graduated.
Jonathan Adams
Boothbay, Me.
Middlebu7y Coll.
1812.
Elijah Baldwin
Mi I ford, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1812.
Ebenezer Burgess
Wareham, Mass.
Brown Univer.
1809.
Joseph W. Curtis
Windsor, Vt.
Dartmouth Coll.
1811.
Eleazar T. Fitch
New Haven, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1810.
Thomas R. Gold
Cornwall, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1806.
Allen Graves
Rupert, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812.
Herman Halsey
Bridgehampton, N. Y.
Williams Coll.
1811.
2y6
Andover Catalogue^ December 6, 1813.
[April,
Ebenezer Kellogg
Vernon, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1810.
Cyrus Kingsbury
Alstead, N. H.
Brown Univer.
1812.
Nathan Lord
Berwick, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1809.
Stephen Mason
Litchfield, Conn.
Williams Coll.
1812.
Robert Page
Reedfield, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1810.
Isaac Parsons
Souihainpton, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1811.
George Payson
Pom fret. Conn.
Yale Coll.
1812.
Henry Smith
Dicrhavi, N. H.
Bowdoin Coll.
1810.
Job S. Swift
Addison, Vt. ^
^ Middlebury Coll.
1812.
Samuel White
Thetford, Vt.
Darimonth Coll.
•
1812.
JUNIOR CLASS
N'ames.
Residence.
Graduated.
Solomon M. Allen
Pittsfield, Mass.
Middlebury Coll.
1813.
Joseph R. Andrus
Middlebmy, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812.
Raynolds Bascom
Chester, Afass.
Williams Coll.
1813.
Elam Clark
E. Hampton^ Mass.
Williams Coll.
1812.
Nehemiah Cleaveland
Topsfield, Mass.
Bowdoin Coll,
1813.
Nathan Douglas
New London, Conn.
Middlebury Coll.
1813.
Louis Dwight*
Stockbridge, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1813
Joel Hawes
Brookfield, Mass.
Brown Univer.
1813.
Nathaniel Hewit
New London, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1808.
David L. Hunn
Longtneadow, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1813
Lavius Hyde
Franklin, Conn,
Williams Coll.
1813
William Kimball
Hanover, N. H.
Yale Coll.
1813
Sylvester Larned
Pittsfield, Mass.
Middlehiry Coll.
1813
Alexander Lovell
W. Boylston, Mass.
Dartmo2ith Coll.
1813
Hiram F. Mather
Chatham, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1813
John McKeen
Brunswick, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1811
John Nichols
Antrim, IV. H.
Dartmouth Coll.
1813
William Perrin
Berlin, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812.
Henry Robinson
Guilford, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1811
Thomas Shepard
Norton, Mass.
Brown Univer.
1813
Hart Talcott
Bolton, Conn.
Dartmouth Coll.
1812.
Alfred Wright
Colnmbia, Coitn.
Williams Coll.
1812
Calvin Yale
Lenox, Mass.
Union Coll.
1812
* Absent on account of ill health.
Senior Class 17
Middle Class 18
Junior Class 23
Total 58
Andover, Flagg and Gould.
[A verbatim copy of " broadside " catalogue in the possession of Rev.
A. H. Quint]
i87i.]
Andover Catalogue, Fehniary, 1815.
277
CATALOGUE
OF THE
PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS
OF THE
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,
ANDOVER, FEB., 1815.
EBENEZER PORTER, Bartlet Professor of Sacred Rhetoric.
LEONARD WOODS, Abbot Professor of Christian Theology.
MOSES STUART, Associate Professor of Sacred Literature..
SENIOR CLASS.
Nafnes.
Residence.
Graduated.
Jonathan Adams
Boothbay, Me.
Middlebtiry Coll.
1812.
Elijah Baldwin
Milford, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1812.
Ebenezer Burgess
Wareham, Mass.
Brown Univer.
1S09.
Joseph VV. Curtis
Windsor, Vt.
Dartmouth Coll.
1811.
Eleazer T- Fitch
New Haven, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1810.
Allen Graves
Rupert, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812.
Herman Halsey
Bridgehampton, N. Y.
Williams Coll.
1811.
Ebenezer Kellogg
Vernon, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1 8 10.
Cyrus Kingsbury
Alstead, N. H.
Brown Univer.
1812.
Nathan Lord
S. Berwick, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1809,
Stephen Mason
Litchfield, Conn.
Williams Coll.
1812.
Robert Page
Reedfield, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1810.
Isaac Parsons
Southampton, Mass,
Yale Coll.
1811.
George Payson
Pomfret, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1812.
Henry Smith
Durham, N. H.
Bowdoin Coll.
1810.
Job S. Swift
Addison, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812.
Samuel White
Thetford, Vt.
MIDDLE CLASS.
Dartmouth Coll.
1812.
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
Joseph R. Andrus
Middlebury, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812,
Nathan Douglas
New London, Conn.
Middlebury Coll.
1S13
David L. Hunn
Longmeadow, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1S13,
Lavius Hyde
Franklin., Conn.
Williams Coll.
1813,
William Kimball
Hanover, N. H.
Yale Coll.
1813,
2/8
Andover Catalogue, February, 1815.
[April,
Alexander Lovell
W. Boy Is ton, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll.
[813.
Hiram F. Mather
Aureluis, N. Y.
Yale Coll.
[813.
John Nichols
Antntn, N. H.
Dartmouth Coll.
[813.
Henry Robinson
Guilford, Conn.
Yale Coll.
[811.
Thomas Shepard
Norton, Mass.
Brown Utiiver.
[813.
Hart Talcott
Bolton, Conn.
Dartmouth Coll.
[812.
Calvin Gale
Lenox, Mass.
Union Coll.
1812.
JUNIOR CLASS.
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
Samuel C. Aikin
Windham, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
[814.
Elihu W. Baldwin
Durham, N. Y.
Yale Coll.
1812.
EbenezerB. Caldwell
Salem, Mass.
Dartmotith Coll.
[814.
George A. Calhoun
Salisbury, Conn.
Hamilton Coll.
1 8 14.
Ira Chase
Westford, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1814.
William Ely
Say-Brook, Conn,
Yale Coll. \
[813.
Noah Emerson
Salem, Mass.
Middlebury Coll.
1814.
Alexander M. Fisher
Franklin, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1813.
VVillard Holbrook
Sutton, Mass.
Brown Unifier.
1814.
Edward W. Hooker
Norwich, Conn.
Middlebury Coll.
1814.
Otto S. Hoyt
New Haven, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1813.
Jonathan Magee
Colerain, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1814.
Richard C. Morse
Charlestown, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1812.
John L. Parkhurst
Framingham, Mass.
Brown Univer.
1812.
Levi Parsons
Pittsfield, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1814.
Ebenezer Perkins
Topsfield, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll.
1 8 14.
Philanthropes Perry
Cleaveland, Ohio.
Middlebury Coll.
1 8 14.
Otis Rockwood
Chesterfield, N H.
Middlebury Coll.
1813.
Jesse Stratton
A thai, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1814.
Hutchens Taylor
Tyringham, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1 8 14.
Carlos Wilcox
Orwell, Vt.
3fiddlebury Coll.
1813.
Moses E, Wilson
Francestown, N. H.
Middlebury Coll.
18I4.
Ebenezer B. Wright
Westhampton, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1814.
Senior Class 17
Middle Class 12
Junior Class 23
Total, 52
Andovbr, (Mass.) . . . Flagg and Gould, Printers.
[A verbatim copy of " broadside" catalogue in the Library of the Essex
Institute, Salem Mass., made by Dr. Henry Wheatland.]
187 1.] Congregational Polity. 279
CONGREGATIONAL POLITY.
Congregationalism is Scriptural and historical. The
Scriptures and history teach that the churches founded by the
apostles and their immediate successors were Congregational ;
and that the only church officers were presbyters or bishops
or elders, and deacons. Human pride, in times of ignor-
ance, led to assumptions of clerical power, out of which grew
consociations, synods, councils, prelacy, papacy. Knowl-
edge and power being essentially confined to the clergy, the
natural result was a hierarchy, that usurped all authority, and
Congregationalism was first ignored, and then suppressed.
The seed corn of it, however, remained with the gospel, and
all along down through the ages of ignorance and superstition
and darkness and usurpation, wherever a careful student of
Holy Scripture, enlightened by the Holy Ghost, looked for a
church polity, he found this seed corn ; and wherever he had
the boldness to speak, he sought to replant it in the hearts of
his congregations. In the long history of the " Two Wit-
nesses " of the Apocalypse, in the midst of the awful waste of
error from the early days down, may be found occasional spots
of Apostolic Congregational verdure where the seed had fallen
and where it rooted and ripened into harvests ; alas, too often
ruthlessly reaped and ruined by the bloody instruments of the
persecuting spoiler. In the destruction of these churches, and
the careful attempts to blot out their very memories, it is diffi-
cult to trace their histories ; yet the Lord at no time suffered
his seed to perish, or his church to become extinct. He at no
time left himself without witnesses.
Our English-American Congregationalism probably owes its
first planting to John Wycliffe, five hundred years ago. He
said : —
" One thing I confidently assert, that in the primitive church,
or the time of Paul, two orders were held sufficient — those
of priests (presbyters) and deacons. No less certain am I
that in the time of Paul, presbyter and bishop were the same.
For there were not then the distinctions of Pope and cardinals,
patriarchs and archbishops, bishops, archdeacons, officials, and
deacons, with other officers and religious bodies without num-
2 So Co7igregational Polity. [April,
ber or rule. As to all the disputes which have arisen about
these functionaries, I shall say nothing. It is enough for me,
that according to Scripture, the presbyters and deacons retain
that office and standing which Christ appointed them, because
I am convinced that Cesarian pride has introduced these orders
and gradations." "The temple of God is the congregation of
men living religiously. Christian men taught of God's law,
call holy church the congregation of just men for whom Jesus
shed his blood."
He translated the Bible into the English tongue, and organ-
ized and instructed a company of preachers whom he sent out
to preach the truth, charging them to go among " the upland-
ish towns and villages." After him came the Lollards, and
from his day down the careful student may find traces of
Christian congregations, and Christian worship after the pat-
tern of Christ and his apostles.
It was only, however, after the printing press, and in the pil-
grim opportunities in a new world, that the primitive seed corn
of Congregationalism could be planted and cultivated, and
propagated in its purity, and without let or hinderance. " There
shall be a handful of corn in the earth upon the top of the
mountains : the fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon."
With this general statement I propose to give —
SOME FACTS IN THE HISTORY OF CONGREGATIONAL POLITY
IN MASSACHUSETTS.
Comparatively few have made a study of the history of the
Congregational polity in Massachusetts. Few are aware of
the true church order of the pilgrims first practised at Ply-
mouth, and afterwards adopted in Massachusetts Bay. The
Cambridge platform is familiar to many ; but those many are
not many in the aggregate of Congregationalists. However
many have a general knowledge of our polity, and of the plat-
form, very few of those know of the attempts that have been
made to modify its provisions, and to trench upon the early
basic Congregational way, by magnifying the power of the
clergy, by giving ecclesiastical authority to ministerial associ-
ations, and by instituting standing councils or synods with
judicial jurisdiction. The history of these things is instructive
and important, and when one talks about them, his knowledge
iS/i-] Congregational Polity. 281
should be as exact as possible. The inexactness of many, who
ought to know better, in many of these particulars, is oftentimes
ludicrous, and always discreditable.
I propose to give a succinct statement of the church order
of the Pilgrims as practised in Plymouth colony, 1620: — of
that of Massachusetts as set forth in the platform of 1646 : —
of the propositions made in the synod of 1662: — of those
made by the Boston association of 1690: — of the proposals
accepted in the general convention of 1706 : — of the articles
presented to the general association of 18 15, — and of the
report made and sent to the several associations in 1845. And
I propose to give so much of these several documents as may
be necessary for a full and correct understanding of the same
in their own language : for sometimes forms are facts, and
words are things ; and to know the things and facts correctly,
we must correctly know the words and forms which expressed
them.
The Pilgrims held no synod, and made no formal declaration
of church order and discipline. But from the writings of Mr.
Robinson, the pastor of the Leyden Plymouth church, and
others of like persuasion, it is not difficult to give a correct
summary of their practice.
Ecclesiastical Polity of the Pilgrims, 1620.
1. " No particular church ought to consist of more members
than can conveniently watch one over another, and usually
m.eet and worship in one congregation.
2. Every particular church of Christ is only to consist of
such as appear to believe in and obey him.
3. Any competent number of such, when their consciences
oblige them, have a right to embody into a church for their
mutual edification.
4. This embodying! s by some certain contract or cove-
nant, either express orimplied ; though it ought to be by the
former.
5. Being embodied, they have a right to choose all their
officers.
6. The officers appointed by Christ for his embodied church,
are, in some respects, of three sorts, in others but two. ist.
Pastors, or teaching elders, who have the power of overseeing,
teaching, administering the sacraments, and ruling, too. 2d.
282 Co7igregatio7ial Polity. [April,
Mere ruling elders, who are to help the pastors in overseeing
and ruling. The elders of both sorts form the presbytery of
overseers and rulers, which should be in every particular church,
and are in Scripture sometimes called presbyters or elders,
sometimes bishops or overseers, sometimes guides, and some-
times rulers. 3d. Deacons, who are to take care of the poor,
the church's treasure, to distribute for the support of the pas-
tor, the supply of the needy, the propagation of religion, and
to minister at the Lord's table.
7. These officers, being chosen and ordained, have no
lordly, arbitrary, or imposing power, but can only rule and
minister with the consent of the brethren, who ought not, in
contempt, to be called laity, but to be treated as men and
brethren in Christ, not as slaves or minors.
8. No churches or church officers whatever, have any power
over any other church or officers, to control or impose upon
them, but are all equal in their rights and privileges, and ought
to be independent in the exercise and enjoyment of them."
" The ruling power is in the body of the congregation, the
multitude, called the church. The elders are the ordinary
governors in the church, but are not ' lords over God's herit-
age.' In admitting members, and censuring offenders, the
execution of these things is left to the elders, but it cannot be
done without the people's privity and consent. The external
government is to be administered by the elders. In all the
acts of the church, the brethren join with the elders, and are
one and the same body, A company of faithful people in the
covenant of the gospel, is a church, without officers ; and this
church hath an interest in all the holy things of God zvithin
itself, without any foreign assistance; and any private brother
in such a church may do a necessary work of an officer. Where
there are already officers by and to which others are called,
there the officers are to ordam the latter.
" The power of making ministers is in the church, to be or-
dained by the imposition of hands by the fit instruments which
they have.
"Councils are for advice, but not for exercising authority or
jurisdiction."
Attempts were made as early as 1624 to subvert the polity
of the Plymouth church by parties opposed to Congregational-
ism. But although the leader in the movement owned that
" he expected to carry most of the inhabitants with him, and
exercise control over them," the attempts were frustrated.
These were in the direction of Episcopacy.
i8yi.] Congregational Polity. 283
The first churches formed in Massachusetts adopted and
followed the practice of the Plymouth church. Salem, 1629 ;
Dorchester, 1630; Charlestown, 1630; Watertown, 1630. Sam-
uel Fuller, physician and surgeon, and deacon of the church at
Plymouth, was much advised with by them. The Salem church
determined " that it should not acknowledge any ecclesiastical
jurisdiction in the church at Plymouth, if any assistance was
given at Salem ; and that the authority of ordination should
not exist in the clergy, but should depend entirely upon the
free election of the church."
Attempts at Episcopal control were made in Salem in 1629,
but were met with determined opposition, and failed. Clerical
associations for improvement were very early introduced. In
1633, ministers in the Bay and Saugus met once a fortnight at
one of their houses, to which exceptions were taken by some,
" fearing it might grow in time to a presbytery or superinten-
dency, to the prejudice of the churches' liberties. " But this fear
was without cause," it is said, " for they were all clear on that
point, that no church or person can have power over another
church ; neither did they in their meetings exercise any such
jurisdiction."
Under Charles I. and Archbishop Laud, deliberate and per-
severing attempts were made to eradicate Congregationalism
in New England, by attempting to abolish the charters and
appoint a general governor. In 1635, all the clergymen in the
colony, except one, convened in Boston at the request of the
governor and assistants, and declared unanimously, that " if a
general governor were sent, we ought not to accept him, but
defend our lawful possessions (if we are able), otherwise to
avoid or protract." In view of these attempts a confederation
of the colonies was proposed in 1637, which was afterwards
and for other purposes carried into effect.
In answer to inquiries made by Puritan clergymen in Eng-
land, our ministers in 1639 nia-ke replies, of which the following
are extracts : —
Declaratiojt of Massachusetts Ministers, 1639.
13. Every church substantially acquainted with the doc-
trines of Scripture may choose and depose their ministers with
284 Congregational Polity. [April,
the assistance of churches in communion with them, by way
of advice, and not of authority.
15. A government merely popular or democratical is far
from the practice of these churches. When this question de-
mandeth whether we give the exercise of all church power of
government to the w^hole church, or to the presbyters thereof
alone, our answer is, neither thus nor so. Neither all to the
people, excluding the presbyter, nor all to the presbytery, ex-
cluding the people. . . . Presbyters in the performance of their
duty can do nothing but what the church should approve.
They should rule as stewards. This they do more than others
inasmuch as " acting is more than consenting," , . .
" 17. The major part of the church, yea, usually the whole
church, do consent and agree in one judgment." (If there be
dissent it is considered, and if agreement be not had, other
churches are consulted).
" 18. As for a platform of doctrine and discipline, it may
be lawful and expedient, in some cases, for churches to compile
and set forth such a document. But if you mean that such a
platform shall be imposed on all to the very letter . . . then
we are doubtful whether it be lawful or expedient. The conso-
ciation of churches into classes and synods we hold to be law-
ful, and in some cases necessary. But when you speak of
doing no weighty matter without the consent of classes, we
dare not so far restrain particular churches, as fearing this
would be to give the classes an undue power. The sentence
of classes, or synod, or council, is, of itself, only of advice, not
of compulsion or constraint, and brings with it a judgment
ministerial, not authority of itself, nor necessary. Whereunto
we do wholly consent."
20. The outward calling of a minister consisteth properly
and essentially in election by the people. . . . Ordination de-
pends upon election.
"21. ... Ordination of ministers is a public act. . . .
Brethren of a church elect their officers, and as this is greater
than ordination, they may ordain their ministers. If a church
have ministers or elders before, then this ordination is to be
performed by them. . . . Thus performed by the elders for the
church it may be called the act of the whole church."
These were essentially the views of the Connecticut clergy
also in 1645.
In 1646 the General Court of Massachusetts expressed its
desire that the churches of N. E. colonies would send their
elders and messengers to a general assembly, or synod, at Cam-
1 8/ 1.] Co7igregatioiial Polity. 285
bridge, to consult and recommend a form of church government
and discipline. Although this was put forth as a request, some
were scrupulous whether it did not seem to give pozver to com-
pel the churches to practise what might be recommended ; and
those scruples were quieted only when it was replied, that
" the end of the synod was not to proceed by way of power,
but only of counsel^' and that the synod should be convened
only by way of motion, not of command.
The synod was held, and agreed upon what is known as
" the Cambridge platform of church discipline." This was
adopted in 1648, presented to the General Court in 1649, ^^^
"commended to the judicious and pious consideration of the
several churches," and in 185 1, formally sanctioned, "that for
the substance thereof it is that we have practised and do be-
lieve." It has been generally received as embodying, for sub-
stance, the church polity of the Congregational order in this
country from thence hitherto.
Polity of Cambridge Platform, 1648-9.
" Chap. 2. Nature of the church.
1. The Catholic church is the whole company of those that
are elected, redeemed, and in time effectually called from the
state of sin and death unto a state of grace and salvation in
Jesus Christ.
2. This church is either triumphant or militant. . . .
3. This militant church is to be considered as invisible and
visible. . . .
5. The state of the members of the militant visible church
walking in order ... is since the coming of Christ only con-
gregational. , . .
6. A congregational church is by the institution of Christ
a part of the militant visible church, consisting of a company
of saints by calling, united into one body by a holy covenant,
for the public worship of God and the mutual edification one
of another in the fellowship of the Lord Jesus.
Chap. 2. Of the matter of the visible church.
I. The matter of a visible church are saints by calling.
4. The matter, in respect of quantity, ought not to be of
greater number than may ordinarily meet together conveniently
in one place, nor ordinarily fewer than may conveniently carry
on church work, . . .
286 Congregational Polity. ■ [April,
5. ... There were no ordinary officers appointed by Christ
for any other than congregational churches, . . . therefore there
is no greater church than a congregation.
Chap. 5. Church power.
1. The first subject of church power is either supreme, or
subordinate or ministerial ; the supreme, by way of gift from
the Father, is the Lord Jesus Christ. The ministerial is either
extraordinary, as the apostles, prophets and evangelists, or or-
dinary, as every particular Congregational church.
2. Ordinary church power is either the power of office,
that is such as is proper to the eldership ; or power of privi-
lege, such as belongs unto the brotherhood. The latter is in
the brethren formally, and immediately from Christ, that is, so
as it may be acted or exercised immediately by themselves ;
the former is not in them formally, or immediately, and there-
fore cannot be acted, or exercised immediately by them ; but is
said to be in them, in that they design the persons unto office
who only are to act or to exercise this power.
Chap. 6. Church officers.
1. A church being a company of people combined together
by covenant for the worship of God, it appeareth thereby that
there may be the essence and being of a church without any
officers, seeing there is both the form and matter of a church,
which is implied when it is said, the apostles ordained elders
in every church.
2. Nevertheless, though officers be not absolutely necessary
to the simple being of churches, when they be called, yet ordi-
narily to their calling they are, and to their well being. . . .
3. These officers were either extraordinary or ordinary ;
extraordinary as apostles, prophets, evangelists ; ordinary as
elders and deacons. . . .
4. Of elders, who are also in Scripture called bishops, some
attend chiefly to the ministry of the word, as the pastors and
teachers ; others attend especially unto rule, who are therefore
called ruling elders.
Chap. 7. Ruling elders and deacons.
3. The office of a deacon is instituted by the Lord Jesus. . . .
4. . . . Limited unto the care of the temporal good things of
the church.
Chap. 8. Election of officers.
5. Officers are to be called by such churches whereunto
they are to minister. . . .
6. A church being free, cannot be subject to any but by a
free election. . . .
7. And if a church have power to choose . . . they have
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Polity. 287
power also to depose. . . . Neighbor churches should be advised
with.
Chap. 9. Ordination, &c.
2. . . . Ordination is to follow election.
3. Imposition of hands by elders, where there are any.
4. If none, by brethren chosen by the church.
5. May be done by elders of other churches, if invited.
Chap. 10. Power of the church and its presbytery.
5. The power granted by Christ unto the body of the
church and iDrotherhood is a prerogative or privilege which the
church doth exercise. i. In choosing their own officers,
whether elders or deacons. 2. In admission of their own
members, and therefore there is great reason they should have
power to remove any from their fellowship again.
7. Church government or rule is placed by Christ in the
officers of the church, who are therefore called rulers, while
they rule with God : yet in case of maladministration, they are
subject to the power of the church. ... So as it is mani-
fest, that an organic or complete church is a body politic, con-
sisting of some that are governors, and some that are governed
in the Lord. ...
10. The power of government in the elders, doth not any-
wise prejudice the power of privilege in the brotherhood ; as
neither the power of privilege in the brethren doth prejudice
the power of government in the elders. . . .
11. From the premises, . . . it folio weth, that in an organic
church, and right administration, all church acts proceed after
the manner of a mixed administration, so as no church act can
be consummated or perfected without consent of both.
Chap. 15. Communion of churches.
1. Although churches be distinct, and therefore may not be
confounded one with another, and equal, and therefore have not
dominion one over another, yet all the churches ought to pre-
serve church communion one with another, because they are
all united unto Christ, not only as a mystical, but as a political
head, whence is derived a communion suitable thereunto.
2. The communion of churches is exercised sundry ways.
I. By way of mutual care. ... 2. By way of consultation. . . .
3. By way of admonition," . . . [and here is suggested that if
one church admonish another for offence, and it take no heed,
neighbor churches are to be informed, and are to join in the
admonition. If it still continue in its wrong, they may forbear
communion, and call a synod or council of neighbor churches.
If it hear not the synod (the synod declaring it in the wrong),
such individual churches as approve the judgment of synod
288 Congregational Polity. [April,
may decline further to commune with the offending church,
except that they may receive to communion individual members
not consenting to the offence. And such members may with-
draw and join other churches with consent of council.] " 4. By
way of participation. . . 5. By way of recommendation. . . .
6. By way of succor and relief in case of need. . . .
Chap. 16. Synods (councils).
1. Synods orderly assembled and rightly proceeding accord-
ing to the pattern, are as the ordinance of Christ, and though
not absolutely necessary to the being, yet many times through
the iniquity of men and perverseness of times, necessary to
the well-being of churches for the establishment of truth and
peace therein.
2. . . . The power of the churches sending forth their elders
and other messengers, who being met together in the name of
Christ are the matter of a synod. . . .
4. It belongeth unto Synods and Councils to debate and
determine controversies of faith, and cases of conscience, to
clear from the word holy directions for the holy worship of God
and good government of the church ; to bear witness against
maladministration and corruption in doctrine or manners of
any particular church, and to give directions for the reformation
thereof; not to exercise church censures in way of discipline,
nor any other act of church authority, or jurisdiction. . . .
5. The Synod's directions and determinations, so far as con-
sonant with the word of God, are to be received with reverence
and submission. . . .
6. Because it is difficult if not impossible for many churches
to come together in one place, in all their members universally ;
therefore they may assemble by their delegates or messengers.
, . . Synods are to consist both of elders, and other church
members, endued with gifts, and sent by the churches, not ex-
cluding the presence of any brethren in the churches."
An ex parte council (perhaps the first), was held in 1646. A
minority of Hingham church requested the adjacent elders to
consider a case. They laid it before their churches, who doubted
whether they should comply, not being desired by the majority.
" It was answered that it was not to be expected that the major
party would complain of their own act ; and if the minor party,
or party aggrieved should not be heard, then God should have
left no means of redress in such a case which could not be."
A council was convened, and when asked by the majority, why ."*
The reply was, " not to impose any decision on them, but to
give Christian advice." It was taken.
1 8/ 1.] Co7igregatio7ial Polity. 289
Another was held in 1662, which declared a newly-formed
church irregularly formed, and advised non-communion.
Plymouth Colony never took any special action regarding
church polity, and never called any synod ; but among the
" Acts of the Commissioners of the United Colonies of Massa-
chusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven," in 1667, it
is declared " That when any of the colonies shall apprehend it
needful to call in the help of a council or synod, in questions
of common concernment in matters of faith or order, in the
churches or jurisdiction," " the members of such council or
synod may consist of the messengers of the churches called
indifferently out of all the United Colonies." This seems to
show the Pilgrim hand of Plymouth, indicating the authority of
the individual churches as the source of ecclesiastical power,
and these to be represented by such messengers or delegates
as they might choose, without restriction, and without claiming
for the elders any authority except as messengers or delegates
of the churches. Calls for synods in Massachusetts were always
addressed to the elders and messengers of the churches.
The authority and influence of the clergy were in those days
very great. Very few matters of importance of any kind were
transacted without consulting them. Few laws, even, were
passed without being submitted to them. Perhaps they felt
that, in a too entire independency of the churches, there might
come a lack of discipline, and of cohesive power, and of capacity
for united action and influence ; that there should be subordi-
nation somehow in the church militant, and that somehow and
somewhere there should be a power of supervision to which
the churches should be in some sense amenable. They were
exceedingly jealous of laxity either in belief or practice, and
wished to devise some means of closing up the ranks, and by
a communion of action, as well as of interest, to prevent any
straggling or desertion from the Congregational way in matters
both of creed and of polity. Possibly some sympathized with
Presbyterianism, then growing powerful in Great Britain ; al-
though hardly, for Hooker, who says, 1645, " Consociation of
churches should be used as occasion doth require," also says,
" There is no presbyterial church in the New Testament."
Many believed in " the lawfulness, yea needfulness, of a conso-
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 2. I9
290 Congregational Polity. [April,
elation among churches, and the caHing in the help of such
consociations upon emerging difficulties, and the power of
such consociations to proceed against a particular church, per-
tinaciously offending, with a sentej;^ce of non-communion."
John Cotton preached in favor of consociation in 1650. Cot-
ton Mather and Increase Mather both favored it. There
began to be about this time in Massachusetts and Connecticut
quite a movement regarding consociation. But the consocia-
tion of those times doubtless meant " a combination which
doth neither constitute any new form of a church, nor ought it
to take away, nor in any measure to diminish the liberty and
power which Christ hath left to his churches, but only it serves
to direct the same," or, as Mather says, " The divines were
industrious for the combination of our churches into such a
bundle of arrows, as might not be easily broken."
In 1662, a synod of the elders and messengers of the churches
was called, by direction of the general court, to consider the
following questions : —
1. Who are the subjects of baptism "i
2. Whether, according to the word of God, there ought to
be a consociation of churches, and what should be the manner
of it
Regarding the second question, the synod with great una-
nimity adopted the following propositions : —
Propositions of Synod of 1662, on Consociation.
" First. That every church or particular congregation of visi-
ble saints in gospel order, being furnished with a presbytery,
at least with a teaching elder, and walking together with truth
and peace, hath received from the Lord Jesus full power and
authority ecclesiastical, within itself regularly to administer all
the ordinances of Christ, and is not under any other ecclesias-
tical jurisdiction whatsoever. . . . Hence it follows, that conso-
ciation of churches is not to hinder the exercise of this power,
but by counsel from the word of God to direct and strengthen
the same upon all just occasions.
Second. The churches of Christ do stand in a sisterly rela-
tion each to other, being united in the same faith and order,
to walk by the same rule, in the exercise of the same ordinances
for the same ends, under one and the same political head, the
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Polity. 291
Lord Jesus Christ, which union infers a communion suitable
thereunto.
Third. Communion of churches is the faithful improvement
of the gifts of Christ bestowed upon them for his services and
glory, and their mutual good satisfaction according to capacity
and opportunity.
Fourth. Acts of communion of churches are such as these :
1. Hearty care and prayer for one another.
2. To afford relief by communication of their gifts in tem-
poral or spiritual necessities.
3. To maintain unity and peace by giving an account one
to another of their public actions, when it is orderly desired,
and strengthen one another in their regular administrations,
as in special, by a covenant testimony against persons justly
censured.
4. To seek and accept help from, and give help unto each
other. 1st. In case of divisions and contentions whereby the
peace of any church is disturbed. 2d. In matters of more than
ordinary importance, as ordination, translation and deposition
of elders and such like. 3d. In doubtful and difficult questions
and controversies, doctrinal or practical, that may arise. 4th.
For the rectifying of maladministrations, and healing of errors
and scandals that are unhealed among themselves. . . .
5. In love and faithfulness to take notice of the troubles and
difficulties, errors and scandals of another church, and to admin-
ister help (when the case necessarily calls for it), though they
should so neglect their own good and duty as not to seek it.
6. To admonish one another when there is need and cause
for it, and after due means with patience used, to withdraw from
a church, or peccant party therein, obstinately persisting in
error or scandal. . . .
Fifth. Consociation of churches is their mutual and solemn
agreement to exercise communion in such acts as aforesaid
amongst themselves, with special reference to those churches
which by Providence are planted in a convenient vicinity,
though with liberty reserved without offence, to make use of
others, as the nature of the case, or the advantage of oppor-
tunity may lead thereunto.
Sixth. The churches of Christ in this country having so
good opportunity for it, it is meet to be commended to them as
their duty thus to consociate. For i. Communion of churches
being commanded, and consociation being but an agreement to
practise it, must needs be a duty also. ... 6. There has
constantly been in these churches a possession of communion
. . . which importeth a consociation and obligeth the practice
thereof, without which we should also want an expedient and
292 Congregational Polity. [April,
sufficient cure for emergent cliurch difficulties and differences,
with the want whereof our way is charged, but unjustly, if this
part of the doctrine thereof were duly practised.
7, The manner of agreement herein may be by each church
consenting hereto.
8. The manner of practising may be by making use occa-
sionally of elders or able brethren of other churches, or by the
more solemn meetings of both elders and messengers, in lesser
or greater councils, as the matter shall require."
These propositions, with others, on baptism, which were in
favor of the half-way covenant, so called, were " commended to
the consideration of the churches and people." (The addition
of this last word people is very significant, as regarding the
first " question.") The propositions concerning baptism (with
which we now have no concern) were generally, and very un-
fortunately, for a time, acquiesced in ; but those concerning
consociation met with opposition from many churches and
some ministers, and although the pastors, at a general conven-
tion in 1700, passed a resolution republishing and commending
them, they failed to meet with favor in this Commonwealth,
and consociation got no hold among the churches.
In 1679, a synod was called and held at Boston, which "did
unanimously approve of the old Cambridge platform, for the
substance of it, desiring the churches may continue steadfast in
the order of the gospel, according to what is therein declared
from the word of God." But the ministers of Boston and
vicinity seem quite generally to have been in favor of the action
of the synod of 1662 regarding consociation.
In the latter part of the century, the association of ministers
which was organized and met regularly at Cambridge, and
which viewed with great solicitude the religious laxity that had
sprung up, and the strife that had arisen after the adoption
of the half-way covenant, among other things, discussed and
adopted two propositions pertinent to our subject : —
Propositions of the Association of Ministers at Cam-
bridge, PROBABLY about 169O.
^^ Coticcrning the Power of Synods, ivith respect unto Patticidar
CJmrches.
I. Particular churches, having the same original ends and in-
terests, and being mutually concerned in the good and evil of
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Polity. 293
each other, there is the light of nature, as well as of Scripture,
to direct the "meeting of churches," by tlieir delegates, to con-
sult and conclude things of common concernment unto them.
II. Synods, duly composed of messengers chosen by them
whom they are to represent, and proceeding with a due regard
unto the will of God in his word, are to be reverenced, as de~
terminijig the. mind of the Holy Spirit concerning things neces-
sary to be " received and practised," in order to the edification
of the churches therein represented.
III. All the commands of God, which bid us to " be well
advised," and " regard a multitude of counsellors," do particu-
larly oblige us with reverence to entertain the advice of synods
assembling in the name and fear of the Lord Jesus Christ, for
an inquiry after his directions. And if one church be to be
heard, much more are many churches to be so, in things that
properly fall under the cognizance thereof.
IV. Synods being of apostolic example, recommend as a
necessary ordinance, it is but reasonable that their judgment
be acknowledged as decisive, the affairs for which they are or-
dained ; and to deny them the power of such a judgment is to
render a necessary ordinance " of none effect."
V. The power of synods is not to abate, much less to de-
stroy, the liberties of particular churches, but to strengthen and
to direct those churches, in the tight nse of the powers given by
the Lord Jesus Christ unto them. And such assemblies are
therefore to be used as a relief ordained by God for those diffi-
culties, for which the care and state of a particular church af-
fords not a sufficient remedy.
Concerning the Power of Elders in the Government of the
Church.
I. The power of church government belongs only to the
elders of the church. . . .
II. There are yet certain cases, wherein the elders, in the
management of their church government, are to take the con-
currence of \hQ. fraternity. 'Tis to be done in acts, to attain
ejids whereof, there are to follow certain duties of the fraternity
— namely, elections, and admissions, and censures, . . .
III. Nevertheless, the pastor of a church may by himself
authoritatively suspend from the Lord's table a brother accused
or suspected of a scandal, till the matter may and should be
regularly examined. . . .
IV. But the elders of a church have a negative on the votes
of the brethren who, indeed, in the exercise of their liberty
and privilege, are under the conduct of the elders." . . .
294 Congregational Polity. [April,
This was somewhat in advance of the views of the synod of
1662, and smacks a Uttle of an assumption of clerical dignity
and authority. In the propositions regarding synods it would
seem that the term is used as synonymous with councils, which
were an established part of the ecclesiastical system of the
churches, in matters of difference and difficulty. We next
come to a step considerably in advance of anything before.
In 1705, certain proposals, probably first considered in the
Boston association, were indorsed by sundry delegates from
other associations, and in 1706, were introduced into the gen-
eral convention of Ministers held at Boston, and by that body
apparently approved. They were sixteen in number, and were
in answer to the question, " What further steps are to be taken
that the councils may have due constitution and efficiency in
supporting, preserving, and well ordering the interests of the
churches in the country } "
The first eight refer to ministerial associations ; the second
eight, to consociations. Their origin and design were doubt-
less intended, as their authors profess, " to serve the great in^
tentions of religion, which is lamentably decaying in this
country," and as " a remedy against a visible decline in church
order, discipline, purity and fruitfulness, and in the fellowship
and union of churches and pastors."
The evils they felt and foresaw were emergent ; but the
remedy did not commend itself, as sufficiently congregational,
to those awake enough to appreciate them ; for the churches
at that time seem to have been in a chronic state of stupidity
that might have proved fatal to their liberties, had it not been
for the watchfulness of some of their ministers. The proposals
were as follows : —
" Proposals of General Convention of Ministers, 1 706.
First part. It was proposed,
I. That the ministers of the country form themselves into
associations, that may meet at proper times to consider such
things as may properly lie before them, relating to their own
faithfulness towards each other and the common interest of the
churches ; and that each of these associations have a moderator
for a certain time, who shall continue till another be chosen,
who may call them together upon emergencies.
iS/i-] Congregational Polity. 2g$
In these associations :
2. Tliat questions and cases of importance, either provided
by themselves or by others, presented unto them, should be,
upon due deliberation, answered.
3. That advice be taken by the associated pastors from
time to time, before they proceed to any action in their par-
ticular churches which would be likely to produce any embroil-
ments. That the associated pastors do carefully and lovingly
treat each other with that watchfulness which may be of univer-
sal advantage ; and that if any minister be accused to the
association whereto he belongs of scandal or heresy, the matter
shall be there examined, and if the associated ministers find
just accusation for it, they shall direct to the calling of the
council, by whom such an offender is to be proceeded against.
4. That the candidates of the ministry undergo a due trial,
by some one or other of the associations, concerning their
qualifications for the evangelical ministry ; and that no par-
ticular pastor or congregation employ any one in occasional
preaching who has not been recommended by a testimonial
under the hands of some association.
5. That they should together be consulted by bereaved
churches, to recommend to them such persons as may be fit to
be employed amongst them for present supply, from whom
they may, in due time, proceed to choose a pastor.
6. That hereunto may be referred the direction of proceed-
ing in any of their particular churches, about the convening of
councils that shall be thought necessary for the welfare of the
churches.
7. That the several associations in the country maintain a
due correspondence with one another, that so the state of re-
ligion may be the better known and secured by all the churches,
and particularly it is thought necessary to the well-being of
these churches, that all the associations of the country meet
together by their respective delegates once a year.
8. And finally, that ministers disposed to associate endeavor,
in the most efficacious manner they can, to prevail with such
ministers as unreasonably neglect such meetings with their
brethren in their proper associations, that they would not expose
themselves to the inconveniences that such neglects cannot
but be attended withal.
Second part. It was proposed,
I. That these associated pastors, with a proper number of
delegates from their several churches, be formed into a standing
or stated council, which shall consult, advise, and determine all
affairs that shall be proper matter for the consideration of an
296 Congregatio7ial Polity. [April,
ecclesiastical council within their respective limits, except the
cases are such as the associated pastors judge more convenient
to fall under the cognizance of some other council.
2. That to this end these associated pastors, with their
respective churches, shall consbciate and combine according to
what has been by the synods of these churches recommended,
that they act as consociated churches in all holy watchfulness
and helpfulness towards each other ; and that each church
chose and depute one or more to attend their pastor, as mem-
bers of the council in their stated sessions, or occasionally as
emergencies shall call for.
3. That these messengers from the several consociated
churches shall be chosen once a year at the least.
4. It is propounded, as that which from our beginning has
been recommended, that the churches thus consociated for
these purposes have a stated time to meet in their council, and
once in a year seems little enough, that they may inquire into
the condition of the churches, and advise such things as may
be for the advantage of our holy religion. But the more par-
ticular time is best left to the determination of each respective
association.
5. That the associations shall direct when there is occasion
for this council to convene, on any emergency, and shall direct
whether the whole or only a certain number of these consoci-
ated pastors and churches shall convene on such occasions.
6. It appears agreeable to the present condition of our
churches, and from our beginnings acknowledged, that no act
of the councils is to be reckoned as concluded or decisive, for
which there has not been the concurrence of the major part of
the pastors therein concerned.
7. The determinations of the couQcils, thus provided for the
necessities of the churches, are to be looked upon as final and
decisive, except aggrieved churches, and pastors have weighty
reasons to the contrary, in which cases there should be pro-
vision for a further hearing ; and it seems proper that the
council convened on this occasion should consist of such pastors
as may be more for number than the former, and they should
be such, as shall be directed to, and convened for this purpose
by the ministers of an association, near to that whereto those
of the former council belonged, unto which the aggrieved should
accordingly apply themselves, and in this way expect a final
issue.
8. If a particular church will not be reclaimed by council
from such gross disorders as plainly hurt the common interest
of Christianity, and are not mere tolerable differences in opin-
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Polity. 297
ion, but are plain sins against the command and kingdom of
our Lord Jesus Christ, the council is to declare that church
no longer fit for communion with the churches of the faithful ;
and the churches represented in the council are to approve,
confirm, and ratify the sentence, and withdraw from the com-
munion of the church that would not be healed. Nevertheless,
if any of the members of the disorderly church do not justify
their disorders, but suitably testify against them, these are still
to be received to the wonted communion by the churches ; and
if, after due waiting, the church be not recovered, they may
(upon advice) be actually taken in as members of some other
church in the vicinity."
From our present standpoint, although the furthest possible
from the intent of the good men who framed them, I doubt not
under a pressing sense of impending evils to the church from law-
lessness and treachery to the truth, these resolves would seem
to present the germs of ecclesiastical usurpation in Congrega-
tionarsoil. Just so began the insidious march of aristocracy,
prelacy, papacy, among the democratic Congregational churches
of the first and second centuries. Ignorance then allowed a
consummation of what education now repudiated the beginings.
This notable scheme, which presented two leading ideas, —
first, to give ministerial associations an ecclesiastical character ;
and, second, to make these associations, with an addition of lay
delegates, standing coimcils, received its quietus from a " Reply
in Satire," by John Wise (pastor of a church in Ipswich), called
"The Churches Quarrel Espoused," published in 1710, and
repubhshed in 171 5, which not only silenced the movement, but
settled the churches more firmly than ever upon the old plat-
form. Mr. Wise soon after followed up his satire with a work
called "A Vindication of the Government of the New England
Churches," issued in 171 7, which is probably the best short
vindication of Congregational polity ever published ; and which
has had in this country the highest consideration, and the widest
influence, being standard authority, even in our courts of law.
After this, Congregationalism rested for a hundred years,
before any attempts were made to disturb or modify, authorita-
tively, its old code. Troubles had arisen from ignorance of the
right way in Congregational proceedings, from laxity in Con-
gregational practice, from a foolish habit of calling unnecessary
298 Congregational Polity. [April,
and frequent councils, mutual and ex parte, to settle difficulties,
which sometimes resulted in increasing them, and in making
confusion worse confounded. The half-way covenant which
followed the action of the synod of 1662, had let down the
bars, and filled the churches with unconverted members, and
non-possessing professors, and paved the way for the religious
defection that left so many churches devoid of orthodoxy, and
of vital Christian life. Churches, of which a majority had
fallen from the faith, could not be ecclesiastically reached. A
church could deal with a member, but no body could deal with
a church. Many of the clergy, long traitors at heart, became
traitors indeed. Perversions of property and of trusts, and in-
vasions of individual and collective rights, occurred, for which
there was no remedy or redress.
In this juncture the proposals of 1706 were exhumed and
presented to the consideration of the General Association of
Massachusetts, at its session in 18 14, and a committee was ap-
pointed to report thereon. This committee reported in 181 5,
opposing the proposals of 1706, but approving the propositions
of 1662, and recommending the adoption by the churches of
certain articles of agreement, which were sent to the several
associations for their consideration, and for action at the next
annual meeting. These, like " the proposals" were the product
of clerical minds, and like them were commended, not to the
judgment of the churches, but to that of ministerial associa-
tions. They found the ministers of the country, as before and
afterwards, watchful for the interests and liberties of their
churches. The articles were as follows : —
Articles of Agreement Proposed in General Associa-
tion OF Massachusetts, 181 5.
"Art. I. The propositions of the synod of 1662, recited in
the foregoing preamble, are acknowledged as the general basis
of consociation ; and as declaratory of the rights and privi-
leges guaranteed to the churches, of the duties which they owe
to each other, and of the purposes for which they are conso-
ciated. It will, therefore, be understood that it will not be com-
petent to the consociation to "hinder the exercise of the power"
delegated by Christ to each particular church in regard to its
own interior administrations and concerns, " but by counsel from
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Polity. 299
the word of God to direct and strengthen the same upon all
just occasions ; " and especially to direct and strengthen that
holy fellowship which the churches, as churches, are to maintain
and exercise one towards another.
Art. 2. Particular consociations shall be formed within such
limits as may be deemed most convenient and expedient. But
though it may be the duty of every church to join in consocia-
tion, and to do what it can to promote the great design of gen-
eral fellowship and order ; yet no church can rightfully be
considered or treated as belonging to a consociation without
its own voluntary consent, or restrained from regularly with-
drawing itself from a consociation whenever it shall see fit to
withdraw.
Art. 3. Of the churches comprised in each particular con-
sociation, the pastors, and lay delegates, will meet annually,
and oftener as shall be agreed upon, or as special occasion may
require ; attend to any business which may regularly come be-
fore them, and upon such religious exercises as shall be judged
expedient, and allow freedom of conference, in the spirit of
charity and order, upon subjects relating to the welfare of the
churches.
Art. 4. Each particlar consociation will have a moderator
and a scribe chosen annually, and to continue in office until
others are chosen, and such other officers as shall be deemed
requisite.
Art. 5. Although in order to general union and harmony,
this instrument is to be the constitution of all the consociations
to be comprised in the general body ; yet it will be competent
for each consociation to adopt, for the regulation of its own
proceedings, and for the direction and benefit of the churches
in regard to their consociated state, such rules and prescripts
not repugnant to this constitution, as it shall judge advisable.
Art. 6. With a view to prevent the animosities, difficulties,
and disorders, which have too often been experienced in regard
to councils, on occasions of dissensions and strife, and to pre-
serve and promote that holy and pleasant fellowship which is
the primary object of consociation, and which should be sought
with the most heedful attention, and the most tender care ; the
consociated churches with their pastors, agree to regard and
use the particular consociation to which they belong as the
proper council, made mutual by this agreement, as to all par-
ties concerned, to be applied to by the churches and individuals
in the connexion, in all cases in which the advice and assistance
of a council is requisite. Particularly do they agree to hold
this as the proper body to hear and decide upon any complaint
300 Congregational Polity. [April,
or allegation, touching ministerial character, against any minis-
ter belonging to it, to acquit, or to find guilty, to advise, sustain,
or depose, as the case may require. It is to be understood,
however, that any particular consociation may provide, upon
principles and for reasons distinctly to be made known by them,
for cases in which it may not be expedient for all the members
to be concerned, as also for cases in which it may be proper for
others, not of its body, to be admitted to sit in the council.
Art. 7. Any regular application from a church, for the
advice or assistance of the consociation, shall receive kind and
prompt attention. An application from an individual, or indi-
viduals, will also be kindly attended to, though not without the
most guarded respect to the rights and privileges, the order and
peace of the church or churches concerned.
Art. 8. A complaint against a minister may be regularly
exhibited either by the church of which he is pastor, or by a
brother minister of the consociation ; but no complaint or ac-
cusation shall be received, but before two or three witnesses.
Art. 9. In all cases the judgment of the consociation is to
be regarded and treated with great respect by the churches ;
and if, in any case, a church, after due time taken for consider-
ation, see cause to dissent, the reasons for dissenting shall be
clearly and in a Christian manner, stated in writing to the con-
sociation ; and the consociation, having deliberately and in the
spirit of meekness, considered the reasons, will act as the case
may require ; either reversing the former judgment, or, if it
be affirmed, yet with charity and forbearance, either allowing
the church quietly to act agreeably to its own ultimate judg-
ment, or reviewing the case in union with one or two neighbor-
ing consociations to be convened together, in whole or by
delegation, or dealing with the church in the way of Christian
admonition. But it is distinctly provided, that no consociated
church shall be put out of communion, unless, after a first and
second admonition duly administered, and after due time allowed
for it to reform or to justify itself, it shall be solemnly and de-
liberately adjudged by the consociation to have forfeited its
rights as a sister church.
Art. 10. A church, or a minister, considering itself, or him-
self, as aggrieved, will have the right of an appeal from the
consociation, to two or three other consociations, to be con-
vened as provided for in the next preceding article. Private
church members are not included in this article ; because the
cases of private members are cognizable by the consociation,
only in so far as the churches to which they belong are impli-
cated.
i8yi.] Congregational Polity. 301
This committee would further suggest to the General Asso-
ciation the propriety of the following recommendation ; viz. :
That when two or more consociations are formed, measures be
taken to promote such an understanding and consultation be-
tween them as will secure, as far as possible, a coincidence and
uniformity with regard to the exercise and discipline, and all
their modes of proceeding in their respective connexions."
The General Association in 18 16, acknowledging "That
something appeared to be wanting in regard to the higher and
more difficult exercises of authority which the Lord Jesus has
commanded," declined to recommend any reform, leaving to
the churches to act in the premises as they might judge expe-
dient. The scheme did not recommend itself to the churches,
and, like its prototypes, fell to the ground.
So matters rested until 1844, when, at a meeting of ministers
at Boston, a committee was appointed " to take into considera-
tion what measures are necessary for the reaffirmation and
maintenance of the principles and spirit of Congregationalism."
A draft of a report was made and sent to the several District
Associations in the State for consideration. Recognizing " the
Cambridge platform with the subsequent acts of our Puritan
Fathers as containing the principles of Congregationalism,"
they proceed to enumerate several evils as existing in the
order, growing mainly out of a want of uniformity of action in
the usages and practices of the churches.
1. The first respects the discipline of church members. . . .
2. We have no regular and effectual method prescribed and
settled for calling ministers of the gospel to account for error
or immorality, or for protecting them from slander and abuse. . . .
3. Respects the manner in which ecclesiastical councils are
constituted. . . .
4. Regards the fellowship and communion of the churches
with one another.
5. Is in respect to the assembling of the larger ecclesiastical
bodies. . . .
6. Regards the use of a creed or confession of faith, . . .
A great deal of stress is laid upon the difficulties that grow
out of the loose way of calling councils, and the practice of
calling several councils, both mutual and ex parte, in cases where
parties are not agreed as to results of previous action. They
302 Congregational Polity. [April,
then proceed to submit what they call " general principles of
Congregationalism," in a series of articles, of which the follow-
ing are all that bear upon our present purpose, as differing
materially from the old standards. It is said that history
repeats itself, and this would seem to be eminently true of the
history of Massachusetts Congregationalism, and in each case
with like results. In the primitive apostolic churches the first
move prevailed, and the succeeding steps were regularly onward
in the same direction. In our churches this first move, although
often made, has always been thwarted.
General Principles of Congregationalism Reported
BY Committee of Ministers, 1844.
" 6. A congregation or society of Christians, bound together
by solemn covenant, maintaining the great truths of Christi-
anity, and attending together to the public worship of God and
the administration of gospel ordinances, is a true and complete
church of Christ, and has power within itself to conduct its own
concerns ; and is under no subjection or responsibility to any
other church, except that which is mutual, and which is enjoined
by the word of God."
7. It belongs, of right, to the individual members of every
church to chose their own pastor, to discipline offenders, and
to transact all other business appertaining to them as a par-
ticular church,
8. Congregational churches, though they are on an equal
footing, no one having dominiju over others, are not separate
and independent bodies, but sustain a mutual relation, as servants
of the same Lord, and branches of the same spiritual kingdom,
and are bound to maintain Christian fellowship with each other,
to watch over each other in love and faithfulness, and to do all
in their power to protect each other's rights, to encourage each
other in the discharge of duty, and in all proper ways to pro-
mote each other's peace and prosperity,
9. In order that the fellowship existing among the churches
may effectually accomplish its objects, it is important that the
churches should agree upon a definite plan of intercourse, and
should determine in what manner they are to watch over each
other, in what respects they are responsible to each other, and
in what ways they are to protect each other's rights, and pro-
mote each other s welfare ; and also what shall be the conditions
of their fellowship, and when and how it shall be ended.
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Polity. 303
10. As the community of churches is interested in the
chai"ftcter and influence of gospel ministers, every minister is
to be considered as having a real and responsible relation, not
only to the church of which he is a pastor, but to other churches
and ministers. Accordingly, either the members of his own
church, or the members or pastors of other churches with which
they are particularly joined in fellowship, may, in the manner
agreed upon, prefer a charge against him before an ecclesiastical
body.
11. The ministers of each association, with the churches
under their pastoral care, or such of them as may deem it
proper to act in the case, shall make definite provision for the
calling of an ecclesiastical council, whenever there shall be
occasion for it within their bounds, and shall determine before-
hand in what way the council shall be constituted ; that is, they
shall determine among themselves, whether the ecclesiastical
council, for which there shall be occasion within their limits,
shall consist of the ministers and churches belonging to that
particular association ; or whether the parties wishing for a
council, shall, at the time, chose those who shall constitute the
council, as they please, without being restricted to the associ-
ation. And if they shall prefer this last method, they shall
determine what shall be the character of the ministers and
churches that shall be eligible as members of the council, and
within what bounds they shall reside.
12. Any member of a church who has been censured for
an offence, shall have the right of appeal to the council pre-
viously provided by the churches connected together in the
vicinity, the church to which such member belongs having
agreed to such provision. And the judgment of said council
shall be final, unless upon a further consideration of the sub-
ject, the church or the council shall judge proper that the case
should be reviewed. And if the case is to be reviewed, the
same council shall review it either by themselves, or in connec-
tion with such other members as the church shall see proper to
add. And the result of such second trial shall always be final,
admitting of no appeal.
13. The council provided for by agreement of ministers and
churches in the manner described in article nth, and made
mutual by such agreement, shall be the proper ecclesiastical
body to receive any complaint against any minister belonging
to the association, and to act upon such complaint in the way
of acquitting or finding guilty, sustaining, suspending, or de-
posing, as in their judgment the case shall require. And the
same council shall receive and act upon any complaint against
any church belonging to the body.
304 Congregational Polity. [April,
14. Any minister or church censured by a council, consti-
tuted as aforesaid, shall, if it be properly requested, within four
weeks, have the right of a second trial, by the same council,
with the addition of such other ministers and delegates as the
said minister or church and the said council shall agree upon, —
the number of such additional members never to exceed the
number previously belonging to the council. (Or if the said
minister or church shall deem it expedient, the second trial
shall be by a new council constituted for the purpose, and made
up of such ministers and churches as shall be chosen by the
said minister or church and said first council.) And no min-
ister or church shall be allowed to appeal from the decision of
the second council here provided."
To these they added a " Manual of Discipline," in which
occurs the following : —
"Chap. 15. Ecclesiastical Councils.
I. The ministers of each association, with the churches
under their pastoral care, or such of them as shall deem it
proper to act together on the subject, shall make definite pro-
vision for the calling of a council whenever there shall be
occasion for it within their limits, and shall determine before-
hand in what way the council shall be constituted ; that is, they
shall determine whether the ecclesiastical council for which
there shall be occasion within their limits, shall consist of the
ministers and churches belonging to that particular association,
or whether the parties wishing for a council shall, at the time,
choose those who shall constitute the council, without being
restricted to the association. If they prefer the last, they shall
determine what shall be the character of the ministers and
churches that shall be eligible, as members of the council, and
within what bounds they shall reside.
4. The ministers and delegates of the churches associated
together in the manner before described, may agree to meet
annually, or oftener, to encourage and assist one another in the
discharge of their duties, to give advice when applied to, in
cases of doubt and difficulty, and to consult for the general
welfare of the churches."
This was essentially Consociation and Standing Councils over
again. Not a single District Association approved it. The
Worcester Central Association, through Rev. George Allen,
made a very able and exhaustive report against it. As a result,
the committee of ministers pruned their work of its most ob-
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Polity. 305
jectionable features, above set forth, and sent it forth to the
churches in 1846, under the title of " Report on Congregation-
aHsm, including a Manual of Church Discipline, together with
the Cambridge Platform adopted in 1648, and the Confession of
Faith, adopted in 1680." As this is probably still within easy
reach, it need not be more particularly noticed here, except to
say that, in my judgment, it is a valuable manual of Congre-
gationalism, well worthy of careful study, and of practical con-
fidence.
With all the anxieties and efforts to improve our Congrega-
tional polity, it now stands essentially where it did two hundred
and fifty years ago. The policy that planted the school-house
alongside the meeting-house, that placed the spelling-book with
the Bible in the hands of every child, that erected academies
and colleges and theological seminaries within the reach of all^
protected the infancy, encouraged the youth, and blessed the
manhood of American Congregationalism, — a true church pol-
ity, according to the pattern shown us in the New Testament
of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
Circumstances have called into existence conferences and
conventions of churches, not known of old, and now comes the
call for a " National Council," to meet statedly, in friendly
consultation, regarding the general good of the order. The
Congregational churches have come to assume common re-
sponsibilities of a practical character. Great benevolent inter-
ests and associations have come to rest upon them, requiring
communion of action, which demands communion of feeling.
The churches are being bound together by other ties than the
platform of order and discipline, which, however, would hardly
bind, were it not for the platform as a common standing ground
of Christian assemblage.
The centralizing and combining tendencies of things, and the
times, drive us to stand for and by ourselves ; and so thus comes
a call for a centralized and combined representation of some
sort. We have confidence in the result ; still, whether it shall
be favorable to the Congregational way of that liberty with
which Christ maketh free, will depend upon our own appreci-
ation and love of the liberties of the churches ; and that will
depend more or less upon our knowledge and appreciation of
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 2. 20
3o6 Congregational Polity. [April,
the way in which our Lord hath led us in the history of the
past. The great bond of union is the love of Christ, and the
teaching of his gospel. So long as Congregational churches
are true to the doctrines and order and discipline of the word,
they will be true to themselves, to each other, to the world, and
to the Great Head of all. Without purity of faith and doctrine,
without purity of order and practice, platforms, propositions,
proposals, articles, reports, will not give us security or strength.
" Thus saith the Lord, stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask
for the old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and
ye shall find rest for your souls."
A. B. Ely.
Newton, Mass.
JUSTIN MARTYR ON THE USE AND EXCELLENCY OF SPIRITUAL
SONGS IN THE CHURCH.
It moves the mind and makes affections strong
To that which is so taking in the SONG.
The fleshly motions are by it supprest.
And vitious thoughts which foes unseen suggest.
The mind it moistens (as a fruitfull field)
Abundance of divine good things to yield.
It makes Religious men (such power it brings)
Champions for patience in all adverse things.
It cures the Godly man of worldly cares,
It is the Spirit's Sword, as Paul declares.
Which acts and arms a Christian Souldier so
That he may grapple with his ghostly foe ;
For 'tis the word of God, which while revolv'd
And sung aloud, the Devdls are dissolv'd
And driven away : yea, it hath power so great
The mind to perfect, and to make compleat
With Christian vertues, whiles (in sacred throngs)
The Saints set on with these spiritual Songs.
1 8/ 1 . ] Congregational TJieological Sem inaries in 1 8 70-7 1 . 3 07
CONGREGATIONAL
THEOLOGICAL
1870-71,
SEMINARIES IN
The following lists are compiled from the printed catalogues and infor-
mation in manuscript. We have inserted omitted years of graduation,
from various Triennials, and have changed arrangement to secure unifor-
mity of style.
A dash in the column " Graduated " signifies that the person mentioned
is not a graduate of any college ; a blank in the same situation signifies
our ignorance.
The following list of abbreviations of names of colleges, which we have
used in part for several years, was prepared after careful survey of the
whole field. To avoid obscurity, we were obliged to make several changes
from the abbreviations used in the several catalogues. Our rule is, in
case of conflict, to use the simiDle initials for the older colleges, and more
extended abbreviations for the later ones. Thus, " B. C." belongs to Bow-
doin College, and not to Beloit, although the Chicago catalogue gives it to
the latter. It would be very convenient to us, and to the general public,
if our seminaries would adopt this list, and it would do them no harm.
The Andover Triennial uses it.
Ad.C. Adrian College, Michigan.
Al.C. Alleghany College, Pennsylvania.
A.C. Amherst College, Massachusetts.
B.C. Bowdoin College, Maine.
Ba.C. Bates College, Maine.
Bel.C. Beloit College, Wisconsin.
B.U. Brown University, Rhode Island.
Cal.C. College of California.
C.U. Colby University, Maine.
D.C. Dartmouth College, N.Hampghire.
F.G.C. Forest Grove College, Oregon.
Gen.C. Genesee College, New York.
Ham.C. Hamilton College, New York.
H,C. Harvard College, Massachusetts.
Hills.C. Hillsdale College, Michigan.
Ill.C. Illinois College, Illinois.
lo.C. Iowa College, lowi.
Ken.C. Kenyon College, Ohio.
K.C. Knox College, Illinois.
Ki.C. Kings College, Nova Scotia.
L.U. London University, England.
Mad.U. Madison University, New York.
Mar.C. Marietta College, Ohio.
McG.U. McGill University, Canada.
M.C. Middlebury College, Vermont.
Mon.C. Monmouth College, 111.
N.J.C. New Jersey College, New Jersey.
N.Y.O. New York College, New York.
N.Y.U. New York University, New York.
O.C. Oberlin College, Ohio.
01. C. Olivet College, Michigan.
o.w.u.
P.C.
R.U.
Ui.C.
R.C.
T.C.
U.C.
U.Ch.
U.E.
U.M.
U.P.
U.Vt.
u.w.
Wab.C.
"Wash.C.Ga
Washb.C.
"Wat.C.
"Wg.O.
Wh.O.
W.R.C.
"W.C.
Y.C.
Ohio Wesleyan University, Ohio.
Pennsylvania College.
Rochester University, New York.
Ripon College, Wisconsin.
Rutgers College, New Jersey.
Tusculum College, Tennessee.
Union College, New York.
University of Chicago, Illinois.
University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
University of Michigan, Michigan.
University of Pennsylvania, Pa.
University of Vermont, Vermont.
University of Wisconsin, Wis.
Wabash College, Indiana.
. Washington College, Georgia.
Washburn College, Kansas.
Waterville College, Maine.
Waynesburg, College, Penn,
Wheaton College, Illinois.
Western Reserve College, Ohio.
Williams College, Massachusetts.
Yale College, Connecticut.
I. — THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, BAN-
GOR, ME.
Faculty.
Rev. Enoch Pond, d. d., President, Professo
Emerittis, of Ecclesiastical History,
3o8 Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1870 71. [April,
Rev. Daniel Smith Talcott, d. d., Hayes
Professor of Sacred Literature.
Rev. John R. Herrick, d. d., Buck Pro-
fessor of Christian Theology, and Libra-
rian.
Rev. William M. Barbour, d. d., Fogg
Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral
Duties.
Rev. Levi L. Paine, Professor of Ecclesias-
tical History.
Thomas H. Rich, Assistant Teacher of
Hebrew.
Resident Licentiates.
Samuel D. Church, Bangor.
Senior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
William H. Bolster, Paris. Ba.C. 1869
Henry R. Davis, Milford, Del. A.C. 1868
Edward P. Eastman, N. Conway,
N. H.
George A. P. Gilman, Laconia, N.H.
Daniel W. Hardy, Chicago, 111. B.C.
Calvin G. Hill, Bangor. A.C. 1867
William C. Hulse, Johnston, Wis. H.C. 1868
Leonard Hutchins, New Portland.
Albert N. Jones, Weld.
Ahnn B. Jordan, Raymond. B.C.
John T. Rae, Boston, Mass.
Joseph E. Walker, Forest Grove, Or.
F.G.C. 1867
(12)
Middle Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
John Justin Blair, Portland.
William N. T. Dean. Fall River, Mass.
Simuel W. Dickinson, Griggsville, 111.
Daniel C. Heath, Farmington. A.C. 1868
George J. Pierce, Lunenburg. Vt.
Daniel L. Smart, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Ezra N. Smith, Wareham, Mass.
Clarendon A. Stone, Laclede, Mo. K.C.
Arthur H Tibbetts, Portsmouth, N. H.
(9)
Junior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Frank Bowler, Fall River, Mass.
F. C. Bradeen, Buxton.
John W. Brownhill, South Boston, Mass.
LeRoy Q. Collins, Union. B.C. 1870
Thomas M. Davies, Cape Elizabeth.
H. W. French, Hartford, Conn.
Albert Livermore, Spencer, Mass. A.C. 1868
William E. Spear, Rockland. B.C. 1870
(8) Total, 29.
n. — andovkr theological semi-
nary, andover, mass.
Faculty.
Rev. Edwards A. Parks, d. d., Abbott
Professor of Christian Theology.
Rev. John L. Tatlor, d. '^., Smith Pro-
fessor of Theology and Homiletics (in the
fc-pecial Course), and Lecturer on Pastoral
Theology.
Rev. Austin Phelps, d. d., Bartlet Professor
of Sacred Rhetoric.
Rev. Egbert C. S.myth, d. d.. Brown Pro-
fessor of Ecclesiastical History.
Rev. J. Henry Thayer, Associate Professor
of Sacred Literature.
Rev. Charles M. Mead, Hitchcock Pro-
fessor of the Hebrew Language and Litera-
ture.
Rev. J. Wesley Churchill, Jones Professor
of Elocution.
Librarian.
Rev. William L. Ropes.
Lecturers.
Pres. Samuel Harris, d. d.. Lecturer on
Foreign Missions.
Rev. Increase N. Tarbox, d. d.. Lecturer
on Congregationalism.
Lecturer on Revivals.
Rev. Jacob M. Manning, d. d.. Lecturer on
the Relations of Christianity to Popular In-
fidelity.
Rev. Daniel P. Noyes, Lecturer on Home
Evangelization.
Prof. Noah Porter, d.d., Lecturer on In-
tellectual Philosophy.
Resident Licentiates.
Name and Residence. Coll. Grad.
H. S. DeForest, Des Moines, Iowa. Y.C. 1857
M. a. Dougherty. Brooklyn, N.Y. N.Y.C. 1864
James H. Fitts, West Boylston, Mass.
John W. Haley. Andover, Mass. D.C. 1860
Frederick A. Hand, Hancock, Mass. W.C. 1867
Cephas A. Leach, Granby, Mass. M.C. 1846
Henry B.Mead, Hlngham,Mass. Y.C. 1866
James F. Merriam, Andover, Mass. Y.C. 1867
John W. Partridge, Worcester, Mass. Y.C. 1867
Theodore C. Pratt, Tilton, N. II. A.C.
William H. Teel, Woodside, N.J. Ham.C. 1863
(11)
Senior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Henry Tucker Arnold, Providence, R. I.
B.U
Charles Dana Barrows, Fryeburg, Me.
D.C. 183
18/ 1.] Congregational Theological Soniiiaries in 1870-71. 309
,1868
1863
,1868
1867
1866
Charles Terry Collins, Hartford, Ct. T.C. 1857
Epbraita M. Corey, Hillsdale, Mich.
Hills.C. 1868
Oliver P. Emerson, Hawaiian Islands.
W.C.
Austin Samuel Garver, Cbambershurg,
Pa. P.C,
M. Lafayette Gordon, Waynesburg,
Pa. Wg.C.
G. A. Jackson, Sci. Dept., North Adams,
Mass. T.C. 1868
Geo. White-field Kinne, Norwich, Ct.W.C. 1868
Burke Fay Leavitt, Cambridgeport,
Mass. W.C
Stephen M. Newman, West Falmouth,
Me. B.C.
Levi Rodgers, Andover, Mass. D.C.
Charles H. Rowley, Middlebury,Vt. M.C. 1868
Fred. A. Schauffler, Constantinople,
Turkey. W.C. 1867
Jesse Porter Sprowls, East Finley, Pa.
Wg.C. 1868
James Brainard Taylor, Boston, Mass.
H.C. 1867
Louis Bevier Voorhees, Rocky Hill, N.J.
N.J .C. 1868
Jonathan Wadhams, Clarkson, N.Y.
W.C.1867
Joel Fisk Whitney, Wadham's Mills,
N. Y. M.C. 1868
Franklin Parker Wood, Haverhill, N. H.
D.C. 1868
Henry C. Woodruff, Brooklyn, N. Y.,Y.C. 1868
(21)
Middle Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Hiram Payson Barnes, Martinsburg, O.
Ken. C. 1368
Thomas Rissel Beeber, Muncy, Pa. P.C. 1869
John Kittredge Browne, Saxonville,
Mass. H.C. 1869
Almon Taylor Clarke, Wadham's Mills,
N.Y.
William Henry Cobb, Marion, Mass. A.C. 1867
John S. Copp, Flushing, Mich. Hills.C. 1869
Samuel Howard Dana, Portland, Me. Y.C. 1869
Charles Fletcher Dole, Norridgewock,
Me. H.C. 1868
Archibald Duff, Bherbrooke Que. McG.U. 1861
James Demorest Eaton, Lancaster, Wis.
Bel.C. 1869
Wm. Wells Eaton, Andover, Mass. A.C. 1868
James H. Ecob, Sidney Plains, N. Y.
Hani.C. 1869
Rufus C. Flagg, Castleton, Vt. M.C. 1869
Omar White Folsom, Hanover, N. H.,D.C. 1S69
Perley M. Griffin, Topeka, Kan.Washb.C. 1869
Robeit M. Hall, Plymouth, 111. K.C. 1869
Edward C. Hood, Chester, Pa. N.J.C. 1868
Henry Ketcham, Indianapolis, Ind. W.C. 1869
James Kelly Kilbourn, Racine, Wis.
Bel.C. 1868
Thomas M. May. Bristol, R. I.
Albert Weston Moore, Andover, Mass.
D.C. 1864
Frederic Palmer, Boston, Mass. H.C. 1869
Stuart Phelp.'i, Andover, Mass. Y.C. 1869
Edward Kirk Rawson, Albany, N.Y.,Y.C. 1868
Elihu Root, Belchertown, Mass. A.C. 1*^67
Darius B. Scott, Mainville. 111. Wh.C. 1869
Anson Phelps Tinker, Old Lyme, Ct. Y.C. 1868
Alfred Edwards Tracy, Bloomington,
Wis. A.C. 1869
Robert McEwen Woods, Enfield, Mass.
A.C. 1869
Wm. Haskell Woodwell, Newbury-
port, Mass. B.C. 1868
(30)
Junior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
L. Payson Broad, Andover, Mass. Y.C.
Charles H. Brooks, Lennoxville, Que.
McG.U. 1869
Henry C. Crane, Norton, Mass. D.C. 1869
William F. Davis, Andover, Mass. H.C. 1867
W. A. Fonda, Dalton, Ga., Wash. C.,Ga
Alfred H. Hall, Boston, Mass. H.C. 1867
William S. Rowland, Jaffna, Ceylon. A.C. 1870
E. Winthrop Jenney, Galesburg, 111. K.C. 1870
Horace H. Leavitt, Cambridgeport, Mass.
W.C. 1869
Albert L. Norton, Allen's Grove, Wis.
B.C. 1867
Joel M. Seymour, Rootstown, O., W.R.C. 1870
P. Benton Shiere, Providence, R. I. B.U. 1870
Roderick Terry, Irvington, N. Y. Y.C. 1870
Geo. H. Tilton, Hopkinton, N. H. A.C. 1870
John T. Ward, Evan's Mills, N. Y.
Hills.C. 1870
Charles A. White, Northbridge, Mass.
W. C. 1870
John H. Williams, Dudley, Mass. A.C. 1868
(17)
Special Course.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Benjamin S. Adams, Golden City, Col.
G. Augustus Foss, Northwood, N. H.
William A. Lamb, New Britain, Ct.
Joseph Nee-Sima, Yeddo, Japan. A.C.
Samuel OUerenshaw, Manchester,
England. _
George Hale Scott, Vergennes, Vt. W.C. 1865
Wm. Redfield Stocking, Oroomiah,
Persia. W.C.
Henry Laurens Talbot, East Machias,
Me.
Ludwig Wolfsen, Achtrup, Denmark,
(9)
Total, 88
310 Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1870-71. [April,
iii. — theological departmekt,
tale college, conn.
Facitltt.
Rev. Theodore D. Woolset, d. d., ll.d.,
President.
Rev. Eleazek T. Fitch, d.d., Emeritus.
Rev. Leonard Bacon, d. d., ll. d., Acting
Professor of Revealed Theology.
Rev. Noah Porter, d. d., ll. d., Clark Pro-
fessor of Moral Philosophy and Metaphys-
ics, and Instructor in Natural Theology.
Rev. George E. Day, m. d., Professor of the
Hebrew Language and Literature, and Bib-
lical Theology.
Rev. James M. Hoppin, d.d.. Professor of
Homiletics and the Pastoral Charge.
Rev. George P. Fisher, d.d.. Professor of
Ecclesiastical History.
Rev. Timothy Dwigiit, d.d.. Professor of
Sacred Literature.
Resident Licentiates.
(Attending Lectures.)
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Anselm Byron Brown, b. d., New Haven.
Y.C. 1867
James Edward Todd, Tabor, Iowa. O.C. 1867
(2)
Senior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Cornelius Beach Bradley, Bangkok, Siam.
O.C. 1868
Theodore Lansing Day, Newton, Mass.
Y.C. 1867
John Kinne Hyde DeForest, Lyme, Ct.
Y.C. 1868
Charles Wesley Drake, Elkhart, HI.
Gen.C.
Charles Winthrop Fifield, Concord, N. H.
Y.C. 1864
Lauren Matthew Foster, Meriden,Ct.
Edward Pierpont Herrick, New Haven. Ct.
Alfred Van Cleve Johnson, New York City.
N.Y.U.
Alexander Johnston, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Y.C. 1867
David Evan Jones, Olyphant, Pa.
James Brainerd Tyler, New Haven, Ct.
Y.C. 1861
"WiUiam WoodmanBee, Denmark, Iowa.
(12) O.C. 1868
Middle Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Arthur Herman Adams, Cleveland, O.
Y.C. 1867
Charles "William Bardeen, Fitchburg, Mass.
Y.C. 1869
Charles Newton Fitch, Geneva, O. O.C. 1869
Robert Allen Hume, New Haven, Ct.
Y.C. 1868
Elisha Wright Miller, Williston, Vt. Y.C. 1868
Pascal Decatur Murray, New Briton, Ct.
Austin Hull Norris, Centre Brook, Ct.
Rufus Byam Richardson, Groton, Mass.
Y.C. 1869
Jotham Sewall, Fryeburg, Me. W.C. 1868
Arthur Shirley, New York City. Y.C. 1869
Thomas Clayton Welles, Wethersfield,
Ct. Y.C. 1868
George Oliver Whitney, Bridgeport, Ct.
(12) Mad.U.
Junior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Augustine Barnum, W.auseon, O. O.C. 1870
George Lee Beach, Andover, O. O.C. 1870
Roswell Chapin, Seville, O. O.C. 1870
John Scudder Chandler, New Haven, Ct.
Y.C. 1870
Truman D. Childs, Bainbridge, O. O.C. 1870
George Walker Christie, Berlin, Wis.
Bel.C. 1870
John Milton Cook, Oberlin, O. O.C. 1870
Quincy Lamartine Dowd, Seville, O. O.C. 1870
John Pantyrch Evans, Plymouth, Pa.
Franklin Solomon Fitch, Geneva, O. O.C. 1870
Ira Emory Forbes, Burnside. Ct. Y.C. 1870
Frederick Smith Hayden, Milwaukee,
Wis. Y.C. 1869
William Dickinson Hart, Lysander, N. Y.
O.C. 1870
Henry Learned Hutchins, New Haven,
Ct. Y.C. 1870
George Clark Lamb, Danville, 111. — —
Henry Marsh, Olivet, Mich. Ol.C. 1870
Joseph Merriman, Pembroke Dock,
Wales.
Bernadotte Perrin, New Britain, Ct. Y.C. 1869
Theodore Philander Prudden, New
Haven, Ct. Y.C. 1869
Arthur Tappan Reed, Austinburgh, O.
O.C. 1870
John Roberts, Coedpoeth, Wales.
Bala C., Wales.
William Edward Safford, Evansville, Ind.
O.C. 1870
William Parmelee Sprague, East Bloom-
field, N. Y. A.O. 1870
Robert Brown Stimpson, Terre Haute,
Ind. Wab.C.
Henry Taylor Terry, Hartford, Ct. Y.C. 1869
John Thomas, Abercanaid, Wales,
Bala C, Wales.
Arthur Henry Warren, Leicester, Mass.
Y.C. 1870
1 87 1.] Co7igregational Theological Seminal ies ift 1870-71. 311
Cyrus Baxter Wbitcomb, New York City.
Henry Parks "Wright, Oakham, Mass. T.C. 1868
(29) Total, 55.
iv. — theological eststitute of
connecticut, hartford, conn.
Faculty.
Rev. William Thompson, Nettleton Pro-
fessor of Biblical Literature.
Rev. Robert G. Vermilye, Riley Professor
of Christian Theology.
Rev. Joseph C. Bodwell, Hosmer Professor
of Preaching and the Pastoral Charge.
Rev. Philip Schaff, "Waldo Professor of
Ecclesiastical History.
Lecturers.
Arnold Gutot, ll. d. The Connection of
Revealed Religion and Ethnological Science.
Rev. RuFus Anderson, History and Nature
of Missions.
Senior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Joseph C. Bodwell, Jr., Hartford, Conn.
Not reported.
Frank H. Buffum, "Winchester, N. H. "
Myron Eells, "Walla-"Walla, "Wash. Ter. "
"Vincent Moses, Clymer, N. Y. "
Isaac F. Tobey, Boston, Mass. "
15)
Middle Class.
John M. Chapin, Springfield Mass.
Not reported.
Or. 8. Dodge, North Brookfield, Mass. "
George Dodson, Hartford, Conn. "
E. 8. Gould, Hartford, Conn. "
D. B. Hubbard, Higganum, Conn. '«
C. "W. Kilbon, New London, Conn. "
T. C. Kirine, Norwich, Cjnn. "
F. B. Makepeace, "Worcester, Conn. "
Heni'y M. Perkius, Chicopee, Mass. "
(9)
Junior Class.
F. H. Allen, Salem, Mass. Not reported.
E. P. Butler, Essex, "Vt. "
L. "W. Hicks, "Worcester, Mass. "
P. B. i^piere, Providence, R. I. "
(4) Total, 18.
v. — theological department,
oberlin college, ohio.
Faculty.
Rev. James H. Fairchild, d.d.. President,
Avery Professor of Moral Philosophy, and
Professor of Systematic Theology.
Rev. Charles G. Finney, d.d., Professor of
Pastoral Theology.
Rev. John Morgan, d.d.. Professor of Bib-
lical Literature.
Rev. Hiram Mead, d.d.. Professor of Sacred
Rhetoric.
Rev. Jl'Dson Smith, d. d., Professor of Ec-
clesiastical History.
Rev. Henry Cowles, d. d., Lecturer on
Prophecy.
Senior Class.
Graduated.
O.C. 1868
O.C. 1861
O.C. 1867
O.C. 1863
O.C. 1868
Name and Residence.
Levi F. Bickford, "Wheaton, 111.
Henry E. Brown, Talladega, Ala.
Justus N. Brown, Oberlin, O.
Almon "W. Burr, Oberlin, O.
Charles C. Darwin, Burlington, lo.
Frederick "W. Fairfied, Dartford, "Wis.
0.0. 1868
John G. Fraser, Oberlin, O. O.C. 1867
Herman A. French, Granville, 111. O.C. 1863
Charles A. Richardson, East Cleveland,
O. O.C. 1868
James R. Severance, Bellevue, O. O.C. 1868
Hinds Smith, Oberlin, O. O.C. 1863
(11)
Middle Class.
Jesse L. Fonda, "Wheaton, III.
Robert W. Logan, Brunswick, O.
Page F. McClelland, Russia O.
(3)
Henry S. Childs, Russell, O.
John T. Clark, Germantown, O. —
Richard Hicks, Mitchell, C. W.
Daniel K. Pangborn, Oberlin, O. —
Joseph P. Prestou, Oberlin, O. — ^
(5)
Junior Class.
Adelbert E. Allaben, Oberlin, O. O.C. 1869
Berkwell N. Chamberlin, Garrettsville, O. ( ?)
Henry F. Clark, Berea, Ky. O.C. 1868.
Kendrick H. Crane, North Adams, Mich.
("Wh.C. ?)
O.C. 1866
Levi J. Donaldson, Heller's Corners,
Ind.
John G. Hamilton, Lexington, Ky. O.C. 1867
"Walter O.Hart, "Wheaton, 111. (?)
"William D. Hart, Lysander, N. Y. O.C. 1870
Simon B. Hershey, "Wadsworth, O. O.C. 1870
Bazzilla M. Long, Fremont, O.
12 Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1870-71. [April,
Arthur T. Reed, Austinburg, O. O.C. 1870
Hc'urj- H. Straight, Charlotte Centre,
N. Y.
(12)
Kcwton J. Carey, Xewton, lo.
Eiiiion C. Evans, Depcyster, N". T.
Isaac Hughes, West Winfield. O.
George W. Jones, Cleveland, O.
Owen JeukkiB, Utica, N. Y.
(5) Total, 47.
O.C. 1870
vi. — chicago theological semi-
nary, chicago, ill.
Facvltt.
Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, d. d., New Eng-
land Prolessor of Biblical Literature.
Rev. Franklin W. Fisk, d.d., Wisconsin
Professor of Sacred Rhetoric.
Rev. James T. Hyde, d.d., Iowa Professor
of Pastoral Theology and Speci d Studies.
, Illinois Professor of Systematic
Theology.
Rev. Trl.man M. Post, d.d., Lecturer on
Ecclesiastical History.
Prot. Edward M. Booth, a.m., Instructor in
Elocution.
Librarian.
Prof. Bartlett, Librarian.
Resident Licentiates.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Edward 8. Huntress, Wareham, Mass.
A.C. 1869
Thomas Snell Smith, Andover, Mass
A.C. 1870
Edward Comfort Staar, Guilford,
Conn. Y.C. 1870
Win. Benjamin Williams, Dwygy-
fylchi, Wales. Y.C. 1869
(-1)
Senior Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
Amos Judson Bailey, Wheaton, 111.
Wh.C. 1868
Frederick Willard Bush, Lyonsville. 111.
Ol.C. 1868
Cephas F. Clapp, Lamoille, 111.
John Alexander Cruzan, McGregor, Iowa.
Julian Howell Dixon, Lena, 111. Bel.C. 1867
Alva Ansel Hurd, Clinton, Conn.
George Daniel Marsh, Grinnell, Iowa.
lo.C. 1867
Mortimer L. 8. Noyes, Chicago, 111.
Myron W. Pinkerlon, Waupun, Wis.
Ri.C. 1868
Albert Walter Safford, Rockford, 111.
Emanuel Van Noorden, Chicago, 111.
(11)
Middle Class.
Name and Residence. Graduated.
John W. Baird, Waukesha, Wis. Bel.C. 1869
Salathiel D. Belt, Chicago, 111. O.C. 1864
Otis D. Crawford, Dubuque, la.
Thomas L. Riggs, Beloit, Wis. Bel.C. 1868
Henry C. Simmons, Beloit, Wis. Bel.C. 1869
John G. Taylor, Black Earth, Wis. U.W. 1868
Thomas Yates, Philadelphia, Pa.
(7)
Junior Class.
Graduated.
Name and Residence.
A. Wesley Bill, Chicago, 111.
Chas. Stearns Billings, Painesville, Ohio.
Josiah B. Blakely, Neenah, Wis. Ri.C. 1870
Thos. Lincoln Brown. Appleton, Wis.
Charles Burritt Curtis, Dover, 111. Bel.C. 1870
William W^illis Curtis, Dover, III. Bel.C. 1870
William G. Dickinson, Mendota, 111.
Jacob Frank Ellis. Wheaton, 111. WTi.C. 1869
Jesse Laurence Fonda, Wheaton, 111.
W^h.C. 1868
William Lemmon, Wayne, Iowa.
Chas. Wilbur Merrill, Cannon Falls,
Minn. Bel.C. 1870
Richard Miller, Winnebago, 111. Bel.C. 1870
Geo. William Nelson, Beloit, Wis. Bel.C. 1870
Homer Joseph Parker, Danville, C. E.
M. C. 1870
Augustus Marcus Rice, Mantorville,
Minn. U.W. 1870
Barnabus Walker Root, Sherbro,
W. Africa. K.C. 1870
Edward Griffin Selden, Norwich, Conn.
Y.C. 1870
Dana Sherrill, Lisbon, III. Bel.C. 1870
Arthur Latlirop Smith, Jacksonville, 111,
Dallas David Tibbets, Ft. Madison, Iowa.
Hills.C. 1870
Orlando L. Tindall, South Grove, III.
U.M. 1870
Harmon Tascom Tuttle, Roscoe, 111.
Bel.C. 1870
Allen J. Van Wagner, Muscotah, Kan.
Mahlon AVillelt, Decorah, Iowa. lo.C. 1869
(■i4)
Special Course,
second year.
Name and Residence.
Edward R. Chase, Flint, Mich.
Martin S. Hall, Jefferson, 111.
Albert Matson, Wheaton, III.
(3)
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1870-71. 313
FIRST YEAR.
Name and Residence.
Austin Selden Chase, Springfield, Vt.
D.C. 1869
Robison John Funk, Muscatine, lo. ^^
Joseph Hampton Leonard, lona, N.J.
William Henry Skeutlebury, Chicago,
111.
James Foster Smith, Belmond, lo.
Theodore Goodel Wright, Huntington,
Mass. —
(.6) Total, 55.
Rev. George Mooar, d. d.. Professor of
Theology.
Middle Class.
Or. F. G. Morgan, San Francisco, Cal.
John L. Stephens, Petalunia, Cal.
David F. Watkms, Nortonville, Cal.
(3)
Junior Class.
— Charles W. Anthony, b. A., Oakland, Cal.
Granville M. Dexter, San Francisco, Cal.
Thomes K. Howell, Visalia, Cal.
Joseph H. Merrall, Clayton, Cal.
(1)
VII. — PACIFIC THEOLOGICAL SEMI- TWO YEARS' COURSE.
NARY, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Qrville A. Ross, San Francisco, Cal., in sec-
FACULTY. -^^^--
Rev. Joseph A. Benton, D.D., Professor of Richard Walsh, San Francisco, finished
Sacred Literature. " one year course," May, 1870.
SUMMARY.
00
2
S
a-
5
7
6
4
5
3
2
32
at
1
5
2
1
2
11
QQ
tJ a
1.2
ll
2
4
18
Students.
Volumes
in
Library.
Anniversaries
in 1871.
c
o
'c
o
OB
12
21
12
5
11
11
72
S
'5
-a
i
9
?0
12
9
3
7
3
73
O
'a
3
l-S
8
17
29
4
12
24
4
98
9
10
9
1
29
<
1
29
77
53
18
36
51
8
272
Bangor,
Audover,
Yale,
Hartford,
Oberlin,
Chicago,
San Francisco,
Total, 7.
12.000
30,000
College, (84,000).
7.500
College, (10,000).
4,500
Thursdav, July 27. ?
Thursday, June 29.
Thursday, May 18.
See below.
See below.
Thursday, April 27.
Thursday, May 25.
TERMS AND VACATIONS.
Bangor. — " The Anniversary is on the Thursday following the last
Wednesday in July. There is but one vacation, commencing at the Anni-
versary, and continuing twelve weeks." This, from last year, is probably
correct now.
Andover. — The first term of the Seminary year ends on Thursday,
March 23, 1871, followed by a vacation of three weeks. The second
term commences Thursday, April 13, 1871, and continues until the Anni-
versary, Thursday, June 29, 1^71. A vacation of nine weeks follows.
The first term of the next Seminary year will begin on Thursday, August
31, 1871.
314 Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1870-71. [April,
Yale. — There is but one term. The session for 1870-71 commenced
on Thursday, September 15, 1870, and will continue until Thursday, May
18, 1871, when the public Anniversary will be held. The annual exam-
ination of the classes, and the meeting of the Alumni, will be held in the
same week. The next Annual will begin on Thursday, September 14, 1871.
Hartford. — There is but one term of study, beginning on the first
Thursday in October, and continuing until the second Wednesday in June.
No public anniversary exercises ; the examination closes on the second
Tuesday in June.
Oberlin. — Same as in College. Fall term began Tuesday, August 30,
1870 ; ended November 19, 1870, followed by vacation of twelve weeks.
Spring term, February 14 to May 6, 1871. Summer term, Wednesday,
May 10, 1 87 1, to August 2. Anniversary of the Theological Society,
Wednesday, July 26, 1871 ; Concio ad Cleriim, August i ; commencement,
August 2, 1871. The next year begins with fall term, Tuesday, August
29, 1871.
Chicago. — Two terms, — the "Lecture term" and the "Reading
term " ; the Lecture term commencing on the second Wednesday of Sep-
tember, and continuing till the last Thursday in April; the Reading term
extending from the first Wednesday in June to the beginning of the Lec-
ture term. Anniversary, last Thursday in April. " The Reading term
is intended to be passed by the student under the supervision of some
pastor, under whose care he may pursue the course of study prescribed by
the Faculty, while at the same time acquainting himself with the details
and practical duties of pastoral life."
The " Alumni Institute " opens on the Tuesday evening nearest the 20th
of October, and continues eight days.
California. — There is but one term of study, beginning on the third
Thursday of August, and ending on the fourth Thursday of May, — with
a recess from December 20 to January 2. Public examination and exhibi-
tion at the close of each Seminary year. The Seminary was opened in
Tune, 1869.
A. H. Q.
1 8/ 1.] St. Paul up07i the Resurrection. 315
ST. PAUL UPON THE RESURRECTION.
AN EXEGESIS OF I COR. 15 : 44.
" It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body.
There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body." This
verse stands in such close connection with what precedes, that
it is impossible to evolve its meaning without a clear under-
standing of the context.
It not only rJietorically follows preceding statements, but
forms the conclusion of a train of thought, which is argu-
mentative.
The first thing, then, for us to ascertain, is the drift of the
apostle's reasoning. He is endeavoring, in general, to establish
the doctrine of the resurrection, having in view the error, or
errors, existing in the church at Corinth. What was their error
on this subject .-•
In the 1 2th verse of this chapter Paul says, "Now if Christ
be preached that he rose from the dead, how say some among
you, that there is no resurrection from the dead .-• " This is the
position which he proceeds to confute, viz : the denial of the
resurrection. The only other direct reference to their error is
found in the 35 th verse, which introduces the line of argument
concluding with the verse whose meaning we are about to seek.
" But some man will say, ' How are the dead raised up .-' and
with what body do they come.'*'" This clearly indicates in
what sense they denied the resurrection. It was the resurrec-
tion of the body they denied. In other words, they rejected the
idea of a material resurrection.
This error could not have sprung from the Sadducees : for
they placed themselves in direct antagonism to Christianity, so
that they could not be reached by it ; and supposing any to
have been converted, it could only have been by a total re7itm-
ciation of their former errors ; while the church would be
guarded against a sect so opposed to Christianity. The same
might be said of Epicureans, between whom and Christianity
there was not the least affinity. These sects rejected the idea
of a future state altogether. Not so the church at Corinth,
whose members had enjoyed the preaching and instruction of
2, 1 6 St. Paul iipoti the Resurrection. [April,
the great apostle, for a year and a half after it was founded.
They surely could not have disbelieved in the immortality of
the soul aJtertJiat,^\\kiO\x\. being abandoned to utter scepticism.
Yet the apostle addresses them as Christians, and does not hint
that the church ought to withdraw its fellowship from such
errorists as he is endeavoring to convince by his arguments.
It is more probable, therefore, that some of the prevalent forms
of Grecian philosophy had led certain persons to misunderstand
the doctrine as Paul preached it to them. They could not
receive the idea of a literal or material resurrection. So agree
the best authorities.
De Wette says, " Those who denied the resurrection were
not Sadducees, nor heathens of philosophical culture ; but were
tainted with Greek prejudices against this doctrine." ^
Olshausen says, " These errorists did not belong to the
Sadducees. Not a trace exists of any coalition between Sad-
duceeism and Christianity. Nor did they belong to the Epi-
cureans." 2
Lange gives similar opinion thus : " It is more natural to
suppose that these opponents were heathen converts of a cer-
tain philosophic training, who sought to impose, or taught
doctrines that were very seductive to the Corinthians, predis-
posed as they were already to them. Such would regard, with
abhorrence, the idea of a restoration of their material part." ^
Says Robertson, "In following the train of argument con-
tained in this chapter, it must be clearly kept in remembrance
that the error combated by St. Paul was not the denial of im-
mortality, but the denial of a resurrection. The ultra-spirit-
ualizers in Corinth did not say, ' Man perishes forever in the
grave,' but, ' The form in which the spirit lives shall never be
restored.' " ^
The same general view is given by Dr. Schafif, in his history
of the apostolic church. It is also confirmed by the apostle's
course of reasoning, and his repeated reference to the body.
" The ideal error," says Olshausen, " is distinctly refuted
that the resurrection was only to be understood spiritually."
1 Intro, to Canon, books of the N.T. § 132, b. ^ Intro, to Comm. on Cor.
8Comm. Ep. to Cor. p. 313. * Sermons, 4th ser. p. 221.
1 8/ 1.] St. Paul tip 071 the Resurrection. 317
In the first part of the chapter, Paul shows the absurd con-
sequences which follow a denial of the doctrine of a real resur-
rection.
It would follow that Christ was not raised, a fact which
was so widely attested and so fully preached.
And on the supposition that Christ is not risen, would follow
consequences entirely subversive of the Christian's faith. It
would follow, not only that there would be no resurrection of
the body, — which they were willing to believe, — but that the
wiiole gospel was a cheat, and the Christian life a failure, which
conclusion they would shrink from accepting. " And if Christ
be not raised" (he tells them), "your faith is vain, — ye are yet
in your sins. Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ,
are perished." ^
This they certainly could not believe, or Paul would not have
mentioned it in such a connection. " If in this life only (he
continues in v. 19) we have hope in Christ, we are of all men
most miserable."
In this sentence, he evidently does not refer to their belief,
but to the logical residt of their denial of a material resurrec-
tion.
In the 35th verse, he brings out the pith of their philosophi-
cal objections : —
" But some man will say, ' How are the dead raised up ? and
with what body do they come } ' " and proceeds to show the
credibleness of the resurrection from the analogy of nature.
His chief source of illustration is the sowing of seed.
The seed sown is not the " body that shall be." Moreover,
it apparently dies before it is quickened. " But God giveth it
a body as it hath pleased Him, and to every seed His oivn
body," Thus, not only the species, but the individuality of the
plant is preserved.
The wisdom and power of God, in bringing forth diversified
forms of higher or lower orders, are seen in all the departments
of nature. Different bodies are assigned to different grades of
being, as terrestrial anS celestial ; and these bodies have different
degrees of glory. " So also is the resurrection of the dead."
1 I Cor. 15 : 17 and 18.
3i8 St Paul upon the Resmrection, [April,
And now, coming back to his original figure, he completes
his argument for the possibility, or reasonableness, of a res-
urrection of the body, by stating more definitely what it is, and
how widely different the resurrection body will be from the
body which is laid in the grave. " It is sown in corruption, it
is raised in incorruption." And the contrasts are theoretically
completed and the truth summed up in the 44th verse : " It is
sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. There is a
natural body, and there is a spiritual body."
Let us now look a little into the meaning of the original
words. The Greek word translated " body," in each clause, is
" ffwfj.a," which strictly means a " corporeal frame," or an " or-
ganized whole, having parts, and members."^ The word
ff-rreipsrui, "it is sown," refers to putting seed into the ground,
and is used figuratively for the burial of the body. On the
other hand, the word iysipsrai, " it is raised," is in the middle or
passive voice from iysipu, " to awaken," " to arouse." In the
middle voice, it means to " awake oneself, hence to arise."
The translation might be, therefore, so far as the form of the
word is concerned, it arises a spiritual body ; but this would
not so well correspond with the other clause, and therefore the
English translation is correctly given.
The word translated " natural," is 4'uxixov, from 4'ux^, the
animal life, or soul. The adjective means " natural," only in
the sense of having breath or animal life. So Robinson.
IlvsujxaTixov, " spiritual," is from *v£(jy)a, the higher nature, or im-
material spirit of man. It is a law of the Greek language that
adjectives ending in ^xo'g and derived from nouns, when used of
persons, commonly signify '^related to hi quality ox fit f or!' "^
This probably gives us an exact and correct idea of the mean-
ing of -TTvsu.aaTixov, in its* Connection. "It is raised a spiritual
body," i. e. it is raised a body related to the soul in quality, and
fitted for it, in its higher existence in the kingdom of glory.
It is proper to observe here that the best readings favor the
conditional Greek word s\, as introducing the last clause, which
would then read, " If there is a natural body, there is also a
spiritual body." So Alford, Lange, and Tischendorf This,
1 Robinson's Greek and Eng. Lex. of N. T. • Crosby's Greek Gram. § 3 15, b.
1 8/ 1.] St Paul tipon the Resurrection. 319
though generally regarded as unimportant, would favor more
strongly the law of progress, in the development of new forms,
brought out in the succeeding verses. The question arises as
to the use and meaning of the word " it," in the clauses, " it is
sown," and "it is raised," The proper or grammatical subject
in this verse is ffwaa. But this definite subject does not seem
to be in the apostle's mind when he begins these contrasts, and
is not stated. " It is sown in corruption ; " " it is sown in dis-
honor ; " " it is sown in weakness ; " " it is sown a natural
bodyy The idea of the body, as seed, seems to be that which
is continually in the apostle's mind. This seed, in the form of
the animal body, is sown at death. It springs up in the form
of the spiritual body at the resurrection.
We conclude, therefore, that the English impersonal, " it,"
must be retained in the clauses of the sentence, as in the Eng-
lish translation. The word establishes the true connection,
and so is needful to the full rendering of the apostle's idea.
So far, we have endeavored to adhere to the true principles of
interpretation in our exegesis of this passage ; and we have
now come to the point where speculation is wont to begin,
leading different minds to very different theories of the resur-
rection. To avoid the questions suggested, would be to avoid
a complete exegesis ; for the questions are most certainly sug-
gested by the passage itself, and a right interpretation must
decide them.
I. Does this passage teach, that the identical matetial body
that was buried, in its constituent elements and form zvill reap-
pear at the resurrection ? By no means. This is what Paul
takes great pains ?iot to teach. This is, probably, the very
misconception among the Corinthians that he is trying to cor-
rect, in order to establish the true doctrine. To render it im-
possible for any believer ever after to entertain such a gross
misconception, he utters a protest in these plain words.
" Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot in-
herit the kingdom of God : neither doth corruption inherit
incorruption." ^
Besides, the argument given from the analogy of nature,
' Verse 50.
320 St. Paul upon the Resurrection. [April,
emphasizes the contrast between the future body and the earth-
ly body. It is not raised a natural body, but a spiritual body ;
which, taken in connection with the contrasts previously given,
presents a change in constitution, almost, if not quite, as great,
as it is possible for us to conceive.
2. Has the spiritual body a7iy properties by which it may be
idefitified zuith the natural body ? This question we do not put
to our speculative reason but to the written word. But that
we may not ask it blindly, nor answer it flippantly, let us un-
derstand the meaning of the word identity. Fleming defines
identity thus : " It is unity with persistence and continuity ;
unity perceived even in plurality ; in multiplicity and succes-
sion, in diversity and change." ^
Professor Porter explains it more fully and practically.
" Identity may be affirmed of a material object, as of a house,
or a ship, a tree, or a horse. In such cases the objects are
perceived at different times at least, and are often changed in
form, appearance, and properties. The test or standard of
identity may be real and natural, or it may be conventional
and factitious. But the relation itself is not thereby altered.
It is properly expressed by a proposition thus : the object now
perceived, or in any form or appearance, is the same as the
object perceived formerly or under a different form and as-
pect. -
Again, he expresses himself thus : " Identity in a material
substance may pertain to the constituent elements only, or to
the form only, or to the uniting force, or it may be applied to
the connection of one part with another in a series of changes
which involve a total alteration of both constituents and form."^
With these explanations before us, we feel confident that a
fair interpretation of the language of Paul evolves an affirmative
answer to the question proposed. The spiritual body, in some
way or other, is identified with the natural body. The figure
used implies, at least, as much as this. The change is great,
but it is in harmony with the orderly developments of nature.
It is not a new creation, outright and isolated, with no relation
* Vocab. of Phil. p. 234.
2 The Human Intellect, § 548.
8 The Human Intellect, § 654.
1 8/ 1.] Si. Paul upon the Resurrection. 321
whatever to a past form or constitution. Paul does not say so.
The analogy is that of growth. And however imperfect the
analogy, it gives us this much that we can take hold of, viz :
that in all growth there is a principle of development, a con-
formity to a certain type, by which, through all changes, the
individuality or identity is preserved. This principle is dis-
tinctly recognized by Paul and carefully stated. The seed
sown is not the future grain ; " but God giveth it a body as it
hath pleased Him, and to every seed his own body!'
Now, if the seed sown is the body buried, then this seed will
have given to it '' his own body'' at the resurrection of the dead.
" In opposition," says Lange, "to a gross identification of the
present body with the resurrection bodys, which lies at the
ground of the objection urged, Paul asserts a distinction
between the two, — a distinction, however, which does not
exclude the identity of the fundamental substance or germ."
He further says in a note, "Amid the constant change in our
bodies, there is something fixed, which makes us recognizable
as the same from the cradle to the grave — something which
gives form, feature, and organization to this ever-moving cur-
rent of matter which is momentarily condensed into what we
call our bodies. And what is this but the plastic principle of
life which is ever shaping the materials which nature gives it
for its own uses, and in accordance with an inward law which
moulds us after our kind." ^ Whether this be the true explana-
tion or not, we' cannot affirm, as we do not derive it from Scrip-
ture ; but if, as Prof. Porter defines, identity may be applied to
the " connection of one part with another in a series of changes
which involve a total alteration of both constituents and form,"
then the apostle's language warrants the conclusion that the
indentity between the natural and spiritual body is preserved.
This conclusion is corroborated by reference to the resurrec-
tion of Christ.
Many, as we believe, have been led to false conclusions upon
the general subject, by making the resurrection of Christ the
basis of their own reasonings, rather than to accept the in-
spired reasoning of the apostle. We know, for Paul tells us,
^ Comm. p. 336.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 2. 21
322 Si. Paul upon the Resurrection, [April,
that the resurrection of Christ is a pledge, or first fruits, of the
resurrection of believers ; but that the precise manner in which
the change is to be effected in us, was so effected in Christ, is
not revealed, and is much to be doubted. We are told that
when the change is effected, our future bodies will be like
Christ's. " Who shall change our vile body that it may be
fashioned like unto his glorious body." There are three
theories as to the time when the change took place in Christ's
body.
According to one, it was contemporaneous with his resur-
rection from the grave. According to another, it was gradual,
or going on during the forty days, and completed at the ascen-
sion. Others hold that there was no change until the ascen-
sion ; which seems to us the least tenable.
But what we wish to say is, if the resurrection of Christ has
any bearing at all upon the point before us, it corroborates the
view presented. After Christ's resurrection, he was repeatedly
recognized by those who had known him, in such a manner as
to leave little doubt that a certain individuality adhered through
all the changes which his body might have undergone.
Nor is this confirmation weakened by the supposition that
the disciples were supernaturally assisted to discern the spirit-
ual form of their Master, whom they recognized. For, even if
the friends of Christ had not been able to recognize him in his
transformed body, this would not prove that the identity was
destroyed. It would only show that the change was so great
that this identity could not be discovered with the eye of flesh.
When we shall have the spiritual vision of the glorified body,
then, at least, in the form of the spiritual body will be distinctly
traced the individuality of the natural and earthly, from which,
as a type, the other was developed and glorified.
Bernard Paine.
New Bedford, Mass.
1 87 1.] Congregational Necrology. 323
CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.
Mrs. Louisa (Burgess) Smith, widow of the late Mr. Perley Smith,
of Bridgton, Me,, died in Auburn, Me., June 29, 1870, aged 58 years.
She was born in Romulus, Seneca County, N. Y., April 5, 18 12, and
was married Dec. 26, 1833. She was the daughter of Joshua and
Elizabeth (Sutton) Burgess. She resided recently in Fontenelle, Neb.,
with her son. Rev. Isaiah P. Smith, who preached there.
Her mother having died in her infancy, she used to speak with
gratitude of the good providence of God in surrounding her during.
a great portion of her childhood and youth with the sacred influences
of a pious training in the family of A. R. Giddings, Esq., of Dans-
ville, Me. Very tender was her remembrance of Mrs. Giddings, as
a meek and patient, and at the same time intellectual and devotedly
pious woman. She loved her as a mother.
Before her marriage, while sojourning in Gray, Me., she became
the subject of God's renewing grace, and made a public profession
of her faith by uniting with the Congregational Church in that place.
Her religious experience was very clear. After her marriage, she
removed her relation to North Bridgton, Me., where was her new
home.
Her husband died Nov. 16, 1846, committing her and their children
(four little boys) to the care of a covenant-keeping God. The eldest
child was then ten years of age, and the youngest fourteen months.
It had been the wish of herself and her husband that the eldest of their
children should be a minister of the gospel ; and they intended, with
this in view, to give him a college education. Left with only a small
property, Mrs. Smith did not by any means abandon the cherished
desire. She kept her children together on the farm, and endeavored
to give them the benefit of education so far as was within her power.
They were early sent to the academy at North Bridgton, near their
home. She subjected herself to extreme self-denial and hard toil, that
the object she had so much at heart might be accomplished. She was
accustomed to remark that she never regarded anything impossible
that she desired to perform. When her eldest son would speak of the
difficulty of his pursuing a college course with the limited means at
hand, she would encourage him with the assurance that the way would
be opened. And so it was. With only the capital of a small farm,
not only her eldest, but all her sons, graduated at Bowdoin College,
in their native State, and she finally had her farm free from debt.
324 Congregational Necrology. April,
The eldest is now a Congregational minister, and the other three are
physicians.
Mrs. Smith returned from the West in February, a few months
before her death. Of medium height, and refined in her nature,
through most of her mature years she enjoyed good health, and pos-
sessed unconquerable energy and force of character. She had a
remarkable insight into human nature, and always succeeded well in
her business alTairs. Of fine personal appearance, and looking much
younger than her years, she had till the time of her death that grace
and ease in her manners which rendered her attractive to both the
old and the young. Poor health prevented her in the last part of her
life from accomplishing all she wished. But still her courage and
resolution were beyond her strength, and she comforted herself with
the thought that her strength would be equal to her day.
About five weeks before her death, as she was returning from a
meeting, on a Sabbath evening, the horse ran away and she was
thrown from the carriage, receiving a severe blow on the forehead,
fracturing the skull. From this she seemed to be recovering, and
her physician did not think it the cause of her death.
She remarked to a lady, who had been a schoolmate and friend in
her younger years, and who spent the night with her after she was
thrown from the carriage with her, that she had educated her sons
and seen them all in their professions, and felt that now her work
was done. She said that she had been spending the day in prayer
and meditation, seeking to know if God had any further work for
her to do, and, if so, what that work was.
Her last sickness continued only a few days. In the opinion of
her physician, it was an affection of the liver, from which she had so
long been suffering. He did not regard her dangerously ill, and she
expected every day to be better. At a little past six o'clock on the
morning that she died, there was a change in her condition, and in
about half an hour, without a struggle, she passed away. Thus, after
a busy life, God having no further work for her here, closing her eyes
and breathing gently like a child reclining in its slumbers, she went
gently to her rest. i. p. s.
Mr. Henry Belknap died at Galesburg, Illinois, July 3, 1870,
aged 30 years. He was a native of East Barnard, Vt. ; born in
1840. His mind was early turned to the personal duty of conse-
cration to Christ in the ministry. He was fitted for college at Roy-
alton Academy, Vt., and at Kimball Union Academy, N. H., and
was graduated at the University of Vermont in 1866. He imme-
i8yi.] Congregational Necrology. 325
diately entered upon theological studies at the Union Theological
Seminary, New York, and completed the course in 1869. During
this time he had the charge of a mission in the city connected with
the West Presbyterian church, Dr. Hastings, pastor. He was licensed
April, 1869, by the Association of New York and Brooklyn, but in
the providence of God was allowed to preach but few sermons. In
August, 1868, he was married to Miss Honora Willett, daughter of
Rev. J. T. Willett, formerly pastor of the Presbyterian church in
Essex, N. Y. At the close of his seminary studies, he found himself
in feeble health, and went to reside for a time with his father-in-law
at St. Louis, Missouri. From that place, early in the summer, he
started upon a western tour to Colorado, in the hope of recruiting
his strength, but died on the homeward journey, at Galesburg, as
above stated.
Mr. Belknap was a young man of more than ordinary ability and
attainments, of thorough devotion, and of singularly attractive and
amiable character. He had struggled with great embarrassments,
and was just giving promise of eminent usefulness in his profession.
Verily, " My thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways
my ways, saith the Lord." A. w. w.
Rev. Solomon Adams died in Auburndale, Mass., July 20,
1870. He was the son of Rev. Solomon and Abigail (Fiske) Adams,
of Middleton, Mass., where he was born March 30, 1797. His mother
was born in Waltham, Mass., in 1776, and died in Amherst, Sept.
28, 1 841. He graduated at Harvard College in 1820, and at Ando-
ver Seminary in 1823. In the autumn of the same year he became
principal of Washington Academy in East Machias, Maine, where he
continued five years. At that time the capacity of the New England
common-school system had not been developed. High schools and
graded schools scarcely existed outside of Boston. The academy
was the only institution between the ungraded common school and
the college ; it was established in some central location, and fre-
quented from the region around by boys fitting for college, and by
youth of both sexes seeking a higher education than the common
schools were giving. Washington Academy was the best endowed
in the State, and the only one east of the towns on Penobscot River
and Bay. Mr. Adams was its first principal ; its opening constituted
a sort of epoch in the progress of education in that region. His
success was brilliant. He was distinguished for thoroughness and
accuracy. He had a remarkable power of inspiration. His easy
and complete control of his pupils was marvellous. He had an
326 Congregational Necrology. [April,
extraordinary power of moulding the public sentiment of his school,
and turning it against disorder. His sarcasm was sometimes severe,
but it was effective ; he seldom failed to carry the school with
him. He was exceedingly interested in the natural sciences, espe-
cially in chemistry. Though he had but very imperfect apparatus,
and used a common box-stove for a furnace, yet he gave lectures on
chemistry, accompanied by brilliant experiments, which awakened
the greatest interest among the people. In this and other ways his
influence as an educator was as effective in the community as in his
school. He is still remembered there with admiration and rever-
ence, and his name is still familiar and prominent in the history of
the progress of education in that part of the State.
In 1828, he removed to Portland, and took charge of a young
ladies' school known as the Free Street Seminary, where he remained
twelve years. During all his connection with the seminary, it ranked
as the best young ladies' school in the State. Afterwards, he re-
removed to Boston, where for many years he was principal of a
young ladies' school. He had the best qualities of an educator, and
it would be difficult to find his superior.
Outside of his school, he was an active worker in the interest of
education. He was an efficient member and officer of the American
Institute of Education, when that association was in its highest
repute. He advocated and exemplified improvements in education
which have been generally adopted. He always retained his interest
in the natural sciences. Some twenty-five years ago, he suggested
to Mr. Whipple the idea of daguerreotyping microscopic views. It
was attempted with success. It is believed that to him belongs the
credit of first suggesting this idea.
Mr. Adams did not turn aside from the ministry through lack of
interest in it or of ability to succeed ; but his pre-eminent powers as
a teacher led his friends to advise him that he could be more useful
as a teacher than as a minister, and in this his own judgment con-
curred. He was, however, ordained as an evangelist while at East
Machias, March i, 1825, and while there preached frequently, some-
times every Sunday for months in some missionary field in the vicin-
ity. In 1825 there was a remarkable revival there, in which he
labored with intense earnestness. His sermons were always accept-
able, and some of them are still remembered for the deep impression
which they produced. After leaving East Machias, he preached less
frequently, but never relinquished preaching, and to his latest years
was interested in it.
Mr. Adams was a man of a very beautiful character, which his
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 327
beautiful and benignant face expressed. His life was unselfish, de-
voted to the service of man for Christ's sake. He was patient and
uncomplaining in suffering and trial. He was a man of decided
convictions, of great earnestness in his life-work, of firmness of pur-
pose and energy of execution, but modest, unassuming, and benig-
nant. In a letter to a college classmate, written not long before his
death, and with reference to a class-meeting, he says : " My domestic
life, though checkered by severe afflictions, ' which none but those
who feel them know,' has been most happy. My labors have been
chiefly in the cause of education. I have done what I could for it
by practical labor, my pen, and the living voice. My name will not
go down to posterity associated with any great deeds ; but I trust
some good influences I have been able to exert will survive me. If
these can be perpetuated, I value it more than the transmission of
my name to future times."
He was married to Miss Ruth Haven, daughter of Rev. Joseph
Haven, of Rochester, N. H., July 20, 1823. She died Oct. i, 1826,
leaving one daughter, who is still living. He married Miss Adeline
Dana, daughter of David Dana, Esq., of Portland, Maine, Oct. 27,
1827, who, with four children, survives to mourn his loss. s. h.
Mrs. Mary Stephana, the wife of Rev. Samuel Fay Stratton,
died at Morris, Grundy County, 111., Sept. 2, 1870, aged 24 years.
Mrs. Stratton was the daughter of Mr. Henry Butler, and Mrs.
Mercy Ann (Frost) Goodrich, and was born in Benson, Vt., May 6,
1846. She left her Green Mountain home with her parents at the
age of ten, and came to the Prairie State. She became a Christian
at so early a period in life that she could not tell when she did not
love her Saviour, and the duties which he enjoins upon his disciples.
But she did not make a public profession of religion, till, at the age
of twelve, she united with the church under the pastoral care of Rev.
E. B. Turner at Morris. She entered Wheaton College at the age of
sixteen, in September, 1862 ; graduated with honor July, 1865 ; was
married Oct. 19, 1868 \ and, with her husband, recently from the
Theological Seminary at Chicago, entered upon missionary work at
Lisle, Dupage County, 111. On account of her husband's ill health,
she reluctantly submitted last spring to the trial of tearing herself
away from "the dear people," as the discipline which she needed.
The marvellous assiduity with which she watched over her sick
companion, together with the care of an infant child, was too much
for her nervous system. Typhoid fever ensued, and she slept in
Jesus.
328 Congregational Necrology. [April,
Her career has been short, but happy and useful. An aged
standard-bearer in her husband's church, always acquainted with
her father's family, says, ** Mary was one of the finest little girls I
ever knew." She was a dutiful child, an affectionate wife, and a sym-
pathizing friend. Her piet}' was of an active type. She was anxious
to win souls to Christ, and labored to that end. Many of her school-
mates, members of her husband's parish, especially scholars in her
Sabbath-school class, can testify to her personal faithfulness.
She was, withal, an intelligent Christian; one of the comparatively
few who seem to comprehend the situation of the Master's cause ;
and her zeal, commensurate with her intelligence, would have led
her to forsake father and mother, home and country, to help publish
the glad tidings of a Saviour's love to the most benighted of earth's
perishing ones.
It is not strange that death had no terrors for such a spirit, even in
the morning of life. When told she might not live, her quick reply
was, "All is well either way — if my work is done I am ready to go
home."
A day or two before her death she said to her mother, " Eddie "
(her little boy) " don't know how near his mother's birthday is ! "
meaning evidently her entrance upon eternal life.
Like Mary in the gospel, " She hath done what she could." While
living, she gave the best she had to Christ ; and dying, she cheerfully
resigned all below to go and dwell with Him above, where her voice,
so sweetly tuned to song on earth, will forever chant redeeming love.
An unusually large circle of friends mourn her loss. The last
mournful rites were performed in the Congregational Church at Mor-
ris, Sabbath, September 4th, where several persons, in the presence of
a large assembly, gave public expression to the deep sympathy that
was felt for the bereaved friends. j. c. w.
Rev. Philo Columbus Pettibone died in Chicago, Sept. 10, 1870,
after seven weeks of suffering, from typhoid pneumonia.
He was born in Stockholm, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., on the 7th of
March, 1815 ; the sixth son in a family of six sons and two daughters.
The family was of the New England Puritan stock, descended from
one of the first settlers of Simsbury, Ct. His father, Dr. Luman
Pettibone, at an early age removed from Norfolk, Ct., to Orwell, Vt.,
and thence he went with the first pioneers to clear the wilderness in
St. Lawrence county. He was a devoted Christian, one of the first
deacons of the church in Stockholm. The mother of Mr. Pettibone
was Sarah Bingham. Her first husband was Dr. Philo Guiteau, of
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 329
Norwalk, Ct. She was of estimable Christian character. They
brought up their household in the faith and fear of God. Of the five
sons who reached manhood, three became ministers of the gospel.
The father died when Philo was but eight years old, leaving him in
the care of his eldest brother, with the expressed wish that he should
be prepared for the Christian ministry, if, as he grew up, he should be
so inclined.
In one of the early revivals of religion with which Northern New
York was favored, he was hopefully converted ; and the next year,
1832, he united with the church in Stockholm, and immediately com-
menced a course of study for the ministry. Being dependent, in
great measure, on his own energies, he gladly availed himself of the
facilities offered at the Oneida Institute, then recently established
with its manual labor department. He was graduated in 1837,
and then studied theology nearly three years at Andover, Mass. Three
months before the end of the course, he accepted a call from the
New School Presbyterian church in Mercer, Penn., and was ordained
Jan. 8, 1 84 1. While in the Seminary, he entered with warm enthu-
siasm into the early anti-slavery agitation, and came into friendly
relations with some of the leaders of that reform. This being known,
he was called from Pennsylvania in 1844, to take charge of a new
church in Fitchburg, Mass., which was decided and outspoken on the
wrongs of slavery, at a time when but few churches of the land gave
full, free utterance to the true tone of the gospel in its application to
that great evil. Though never violent or denunciatory, Mr. Petti-
bone was, through life, the steadfast, consistent advocate of emanci-
pation.
After a short, but successful pastorate in Fitchburg, he was called
to the church in his native place, where he remained from 1845 to
1856. He gave his heart and his hand also to all general efforts for
advancing the Christian, philanthropic, and educational interests ol
that region. But the urgent call for laborers in the harvest field of
the West came to his ear as the call of God to him personally. In
1856, he broke away from his loved and devoted people in Stock-
holm, and removed to Burlington, Wis., where, with the exception of
one year spent as minister of the church in Kenosha, he was pastor
of the Congregational Church until the autumn of 1863.
Having received an appointment as financial agent of Beloit Col-
lege, Mr. Pettibone resigned his pastorate, and for nearly seven years
labored with great diligence and success in behalf of that institution.
He took broad views of the identification of the work of high
Christian education, with all the interests of the Redeemer's king-
330 Congregatiojial Necrology. [April,
dom, and as Christ's man, threw himself, with all the enthusiasm of
his nature, into the cause he served. He was engaged chiefly in the
work of collecting funds for the college on the home field. As the
result of his labors, between $50,000 and $60,000 were added to
the resources of the institution. Wherever he went on his errand,
be sought to interest young men, especially such as had given them-
selves to Christ, in seeking for themselves a liberal education. Thus
many students were brought to the college, and a general interest
was awakened in its prosperity. His personal intercourse with the
students, when at home, was genial and profitable, particularly in
promoting their religious culture. His happy influence in the stu-
dents' prayer-meetings, and in seasons of revival with which the
college was favored, and in which he bore a prominent part, will con-
tinue long to be felt, and its blessed results cannot be measured. As
he went about among the churches soliciting money, his heart was all
alive to the spiritual interests of the churches themselves, and often
did he pause from his special work to labor in revivals of religion,
which were begun or greatly promoted through his agency.
In June, 1870, Mr. Pettibone was induced to accept an appoint-
ment as agent for a similar work, in behalf of the Chicago Theologi-
cal Seminary. He met his first appointment and preached his first
sermon in behalf of the seminary at Burlington, Iowa, on the last
Sabbath of July. But there, he was seized with the sickness which
proved fatal, and cut short all his work on earth. After lingering in
Burlington more than a week, with some hope that the violence of
the attack might be relieved, he was removed to Chicago, to the
residence of his oldest son. There his family were gathered around
him, and very comforting and precious were the expressions they
were permitted to hear of his trust and joy in Christ.
His remains were taken to Beloit, where they were buried with
appropriate funeral services, in which the Rev. D. Clary, who had
been the instrument of leading him, in his boyhood, to the Saviour,
the Rev. Geo. B. Rowley, a much-loved associate of his early pastor-
ate in New York, and Prof Porter, a glad witness of his ripened
Christian character and the work of his later years, bore a part.
Mr. Pettibone was married April 8, 1840, to Louisa L. Foster, of
Andover, Mass. They had five sons and one daughter, all of whom
except one son, with the widowed mother, live to mourn the loss of a
kind and faithful husband and father, whose highest earthly joys
were centred in his happy home.
A. L. c.
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 331
Rev. John Gleed died at the residence of his son, in Morris-
ville, Vt., Sept. 27, 1870, in the 86th year of his age.
Mr. Gleed was born in Swindon, Wiltshire, England, in January,
1785. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth (Ladd) Gleed, both
members of the Episcopal church, poor, but industrious, and much
respected for their good morals. In the church of his parents
John was baptized, and brought up. In March, 1800, he left his
father's house for London, a distance of eighty miles, accomplish-
ing the journey by the modes of public travel at that time, in
eight days, in a wagon used for the carrying of country produce, and
drawn by six stout horses. At London, he was immediately brought
under [the ministry of Dr. Pova, who preached near Tower Hill,
which ministry was instrumental in his conversion.
" Until then," he says, " I had never heard the gospel ; it was not
preached in our parish church." In December, 1805, young Gleed
entered Hoxton Academy, an institution for the training of young
men for the ministry ; and there, with between thirty and forty other
students, he remained four years, under the instruction of Dr. Simp-
son and others.
August 30, 1810, he was ordained over the Independent Church at
Teignmouth, Devonshire. To illustrate the custom of the Indepen-
dent churches in England at that day, it is recorded, that the Rev.
Mr. Laurie, of Bodleigh, preached a sermon on the occasion ; and
the Rev. R. Allen, of Exeter, offered the ordaining prayer. All the
pastors within fifty miles were present, and all signed his certificate
after a full examination.
He left Teignmouth in June, 1818, and was settled at Lyme Regis,
Dorsetshire, where he preached ten years. In July, 1828, he removed
to Seaton, Devonshire ; remained there nearly four years ; raised a
congregation and Sunday school, and organized a church. With wife, six
children, and a servant, he left this place, April 4, 1832, for America,
in company with about two hundred and fifty others in two vessels, and
landed at Quebec, June 4. He labored as a missionary in Granby,
and other towns in Canada East, and with little remuneration, five
years. Then, on account of political troubles, and to obtain school-
ing for his children, he crossed the line, coming to East Berkshire,
Vt., in March, 1837. His next three years of labor were divided
between the churches of East and West Berkshire, and Montgomery,
in Franklin County. In March, 1840, he removed to Waterville,
where he preached one-half the time for two years, devoting the other
half still to the church in Montgomery. He then removed to Wol-
cott, and preached about two years, when Millerism swept throngh
332 Congregational Necrology. [April,
the town, driving him from his pulpit His family still residing in
Wolcott, he now spent about three years in itinerant lecturing, being
often absent from home for weeks at a time. In this way he did
much for Sabbath schools, and the cause of temperance. During
this time, also, and subsequently, the church in Eden enjoyed some-
what of his ministerial labor.
In 1847 he returned to Waterville, and continued to act as pastor
of the little church about fourteen years. In 186 1, his family being
broken up by the death oi his wife and oldest daughter, at Waterville,
he removed to Morrisville to spend his last days with his sons.
Mr. deed's active ministry covered a period of more than half a
century in England and America, nearly one-half of which was spent
in Vermont. He was never installed in Vermont, but acted in every
sense as the pastor of the churches with which he labored. In body
he was possessed of a strong and vigorous constitution, and was able
to endure exposure almost with impunity. Among the characteristic
anecdotes which are related of him is this : that on his homeward
journey from one of his itinerant missions, early one morning, having
already reached the borders of his own town, he called at the house
of a farmer, and, as the family were at table, facetiously remarked
that he would take breakfast with them. "But where did you stay
last night ? " was asked in surprise. " Oh," said he, " I was belated,
and so I turned my horse out by the road-side, and slept under my
wagon."
His physical vigor was retained almost to the last. Till within
two years of his death, he was accustomed frequently to walk alone
from Morrisville to his old home in Waterville, a distance of fifteen
miles, without any unusual weariness. Mr. deed was also a man of
rare intelligence and energy ; plain, unambitious, firm, and withal of
a somewhat humorous social nature. He was a thorough student
of the Scriptures. A copy of Cromwell's Bible was his especial
favorite. His preaching was thoughtful and pungent, never burdened
with rhetorical embellishment, but aimed directly at its mark. He
early took a bold stand in behalf of the temperance and anti-slavery
reforms, and also labored much in promoting Sabbath schools. He
signed the temperance pledge in 1832.
Mr. deed was twice married : first, to Joanna BuUey, of West
Teignmouth, Eng., who soon died ; second, to Elizabeth Pretyjohn, of
Stockenham, Eng., who became the mother of twelve children, and
died a few years before her husband.
A. W. W.
1 87 1.] Congregational Necrology. 333
Deacon Jireh Platt was born in Milford, Ct, March 23, 1798.
He was the son of Jireh and Keturah (Smidi) Platt. At the age of 16
he left his native place and went to reside in Plymouth, Ct. There,
Sept. 4, 1822, he married Miss Sally Button, a sister of the late ex-
governor Button. Beacon Platt was converted in a revival under the
ministry of the Rev. Luther Hart, who was for many years pastor 01
the church in Plymouth.
In the spring of 1833, he heard a sermon from Rev. Asa Turner,
on the need of Christian laymen in the West, to lay the foundations
of Christ's kingdom, and build up a Christian civilization.
That discourse led him to the decision to emigrate to the West.
After a tedious journey of five weeks he arrived with his family in
Quincy, 111., and from thence he went to Mendon and purchased a
farm, on which he lived till his death, Nov. 4, 1870, at the age of 72.
He united with the Congregational Church, and for many years held
the office of deacon. He early became a steadfast friend of the tem-
perance cause, and refused to sanction the drinking usages of society.
Through his influence the church with which he was connected voted
to dispense with wine containing alcohol at communion. He was
also active in the anti-slavery cause ; he believed in the higher law ;
and many a panting fugitive from bondage, in all over a hundred,
found in him sympathy and aid. So obnoxious was he to the slave-
holders of Missouri for his anti-slavery sentiments, that they offered
$1,000 for his head. Once they came to his house in search of fu-
gitives, whetted their knives on the fence, and told him to say his pray-
ers, for he had but fifteen minutes to live ; but no threats terrified him.
He was strongly opposed to secret societies, and to the use of
tobacco in all its forms. He was a benevolent man ; he gave liberally
and he gave from principle, whether called on by an agent or not.
He was a conscientious man ; and though others might differ from
him, they could not but respect him for his sincerity. It was a source
of gratification to him in his last days to feel that those reforms he
had advocated, and for which he had suffered most, had been suc-
cessful. He lived to see his family grown, and occupying positions
of usefulness. He had four sons and three daughters. His sons
are Rev. Henry B., Superintendent of Home Missions, for Southern
Illinois ; Rev. Luther H., of Eureka, Kansas ; Jeremiah Everts, Pro-
fessor of Mathematics in the Kansas Agricultural College, at Man-
hattan, and Enoch, a farmer in Kansas.
He was a good soldier of the Cross ; his life was cheerful and
happy ; his death was peaceful. His memory is blessed.
A. B. c.
334 Literary Review. [April,
LITERARY REVIEW.
RELIGIOUS.
Another Commentary on the Epistle of Paul to the Romans of no
less than 640 large octavo pages ! ^ One cannot but be glad that the great
apostle could not foresee what mountains of annotation would be piled on
his profound and earnest letter. He might otherwise have been deterred
from writing it, to the immense loss of the church in all ages ! It is but
feeble to say of the expositors of this book that,
" Thrice they fought their battles o'er,
And thrice they slew the slain."
Three thousand repetitions of this bloodless slaughter would probably
come nearer to the truth. However, it is a grand epistle, and worth fight-
ing over by the resolute lovers of Bible doctrine.
This volume is the very impersonation of Dr. Plumer. If it be not too
trivial to say so, it presents, in size and appearance, somewhat of his
personal presence and dignity. It begins without a word of preface. It
ends without a line of index, or table of contents. The introduction, as
relating wholly to Paul's history and times, and to his distinguishing char-
acteristics, is rather a part of the work itself, than preliminary to it.
The exposition is elaborate and careful, and shows a wide range of gen-
eral reading, and, especially, an extensive acquaintance with the labors of
other exegetes, both ancient and modern. It is written in a style remark-
ably clear and terse, and it may seem to some, perhaps, a little authorita-
tive and dogmatic. There is certainly no fog about it. What the author
means to say, he says, and that in short and often pithy sentences. The text
is taken up by topics ; and to the exposition of each portion, a series of doc-
trinal and practical inferences, or remarks, are added, after the fashion set
in Lange's Commentary. These too, as well as the critical opinions, are
to a larg'e extent gathered from eminent writers who have handled the sub-
jects discussed. They are pervaded by a deep spiritual earnestness, and
will be found suggestive and quickening by thoughtful readers, whether
ministers or laymen. Perhaps they might have been quite as useful had
they been less extended.
It is hardly necessary to say to those who know anything of the author,
that the work is not only orthodox, but represents the very severest type
of the older and more scholastic Calvinism. Dr. Plumer does not admire
our New England theology. He is not reconciled to the modified state-
ments and terminol ^gy that have resulted among us from the contests of
the theological giants since the days of Edwards. He prefers the ipsis-
1 Commentary on Paul's Epistle to the Romans, with an Introduction on the
Life, Times, Writings and Character of Paul ; by Wm. S. Plumer, D.D., LL.D.,
etc. New York : A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 1870.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 335
sima verba of the standard creeds, catechisms, and scholastic divines, and
even seems to regard these as hardly less sacred than the words of inspi-
ration itself. These things are so well understood, that, if we rightly re-
member, some New England critics, in noticing former publications of
Dr. Plumer, have handled him rather cavalierly. For ourselves, we like
a writer who dares to take his positions and stand by them without flinch-
ing. Dr. Emmons, on the opposite wing of the theological corps, was an
example of this courage, and it was one of the sources of his power. All
the more if we differ from a writer, we like to see that he is in downright
earnest, and able and willing to show us precisely where he stands. Be-
sides, when one observes, even in the pulpit, so much of the feebleness
that betrays the lack of strong convictions, and becomes tired of intellec-
tual " whipped syllabub " and " floating island," it is refreshing to come in
contact with something that has the body and substance of sturdy and
positive belief.
We think, therefore, that this volume deserves a place in the libraries of
pastors ; and particularly if they do not belong to exactly the same school
as the author. It will be a valuable book of reference, because of its de-
cided tone ; and the deep religious spirit manifest on every page should
commend it to Christian hearts. Mr. Randolph has shown his courage,
as well as taste, in bringing out this sohd volume in a style so excellent,
at a time when a fondness for studious, patient reading does not rule the
hour. We trust he will not lose his reward.
The second number of the work of Andreas Irion,' noticed in our last
issue, has been received. This presents us a continuation of the discus-
sion of the attributes of God, including the doctrine of the Trinity. Then
follows the Apostles' Creed. Under the head of Behef in God, as the
Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth, comes a discussion not only of
creation and preservation as divine acts, but also, and more particularly,
of angels and men, as the chief objects of creation. Here, then, are taken
up such questions as the fall of the angels, the original condition and fall
of man, sin, total depravity, the punishment due to sin, etc. Then follows
the second article of the creed, that relating to Jesus Christ, under which
are discussed the doctrines of Christ's twofold nature, his sinlessness, and
his redemptive work. There is much to commend in the work before us.
The author evinces a clear, discriminating mind. He grasps his topics
firmly. His methods of discussion, while limited by the necessities of the
case (being an explanation of the questions and answers of a catechism),
are fresh, original, and suggestive. Sometimes, however, his phraseology,
if not his opinions, strikes us as at least objectionable ; e. g., he says of
human depravity (p. 92), " Man has become a sinner, not only in a part of his
being [seines Wesens], but in his whole being. Man, as man, as a unit,
1 Erklarung des kleinen evangel. Katechismus der deutsch-evang. Synode des
Westens. Von Andreas Irion. Heransggeben von Friedrich Kauffman. Zweites
Heft St. Louis, Mo. : Aug. Wiebusch und Sohn.
336 Literary Review. [April,
is a sinner." But immediately after this we read, that, though man's "en-
mity to God is total, embracing his whole being, yet it is only substantial,
not ethical." This distinction is frequently made. At the first glance, it
might seem as if the author here denies what before he affirms. Enmity
to God, it would seem, must be ethical, if it is anything. Sinfulness which
inheres in the substance of a man, as distinguished from sin which has
become ethical, is not a very intelligible thing. By " substance " in this
connection, the author means the personal existence which results from
the inbreathing of the Divine spirit into an earthly substance (p. 84) ; not
merely the personal soul or spirit, as distinguished from matter, for he
says, " To speak of substance, without thinking of something material, is
an impossibihty." Either, therefore, we are to understand that man's
physical nature is sinful, or we must understand " ethical " in a pecuhar
sense. The latter is, doubtless, the correct view to take. Thus we read
further, '■'■Ideally, man is free from this dominion [of Satan, death, and sin]
in proportion as he has not made his sinful substance ethical by raising it
to personal freedom." Hence, further, man not having become ethically a
sinner, he is capable of being redeemed from sin. From all which we
gather that by " ethical " is meant a state in which tendencies to sin or
holiness have become absolutely fixed and unchangeable. But such a use
of language, while it might contribute to brevity, if it were a common use,
only serves to bewilder and confuse, so long as usage does not coincide
with it.
" An FiDEM " * is the third in a series of volumes on the evidences of
Christianity. The first volume, " Ecce Coelum," is the best. The third
is a decided improvement on the second. In noticing the second, " Pater
Mundi," we pointed out a fallacy, in pushing the " experimental " mode of
testing Christianity so as to make it apply to an absolute unbeliever as such,
inasmuch as a certain degree of faith is essential to the genuineness of the
test. We are happy to see that the author has excluded this fallacy from
his argument, in the present volume, although we regret to find one or two
sentences which seem to favor the fallacy. Thus, he directs doubters
" to seek and pray for light and goodness at the hands of at least a possi-
ble God." As though God would answer a prayer addressed, under the
light of the gospel, to a "possible God," when He hath declared the man
a " fool," who says there is no God. Again, the author says, " that every
man may become a true Christian without any considerable delay " (p. 15).
In opposition to this, Christianity assumes that every moral being knows
enough already that if he does not exercise faith in God now, he is justly
condemned, and it does not tolerate any /«-considerable delay for the pur-
poses of "experiment."
In showing that many of the apparent differences of opinion on religious
subjects are unreal, we marvel that he does not adduce the imperfection
1 Ad Fidem ; or Parish Evidences of the Bible. By Rev. E. F. Burr, D. D-
Boston : Noyes, Holmes & Company. 1871. 8 vo„ pp. 353. $1.50.
1 8/ 1. Literary Review. 337
of human language, its frequent ambiguity, as leading to misunderstand-
ings, and to supposed differences, when the real difference is only in the
mode of expression, — and the fact that apparent differences are often only
a diversity in the prominence given to particular truths. We have often
studied the bulletin of a newspaper office to see the ingenuity with which the
publisher tells what the news of the day is about, without indicating what
the news is ; and we have been interested in noticing the headings which
this author prefixes to the various sections of his work ; for, strangely,
they do not gratify your curiosity by even suggesting the subjects of
which he treats. Thus, under "various opinions," he has the following:
I " I. The fact. 2. The stumbhng. 3. Why not?" And under "Pre-
sumptions," he gives these : " i. First aspect. 2. Avowed purpose. 3.
Proposed means. 4. Precepts. 5. Facts and Doctrines. 6. Literature.
7. Adaptations. 8. Effects, g. Friends. 10. Faith and Virtue. 11.
Other religions. 12. Alternative." It would require more than a Yan-
kee to guess from these titles what are the themes discussed.
Dr. Burr has varied learning and remarkable rhetorical power. His
style is not always as chaste and exact as we could desire, for he has a
fervid imagination, and a soil so rich will produce a growth which needs
pruning.
The earnestness and vigor of his faith is refreshing, particularly in an
atmosphere surcharged with a speculative and sceptical spirit. This new
volume is well suited to relieve the doubts of the honest inquirer and
strengthen the faith of the believer.
To put forth anything new or more than readable on " Homiletics '"
is hardly to be expected. The grave professor, the learned jaastor and
doctor of divinity, have canvassed and discussed " preaching and the
preacher," even to satiety, in tracts, sermons, and volumes. But still
there does seem to be room for one more unpretending, modest book,
which is as fresh and attractive as though the theme had never been treat-
ed before. The topics are well arranged, assuming the form of letters of
advice to a young minister, and are as follows : " Discipline ; Earnest-
ness ; Naturalness; Delivery; Sensational Preaching; The Homilist — -
Man and Book ; Textual Divisions ; Harris and Beecher ; The Minister
in the Pulpit ; Published Sermons ; Suburbanism ; Dr. John Campbell ;
A Chapter on Pastoral Theology ; Unsuccessful Men ; Directories ; The
Guarantees of a Successful Ministry ; Figures, Parables, and Anecdotes;
Frameworks ; Epilogue." The style of the writer is elevated, perspicuous
throughout, not a hazy or doubtful sentence in the book. He is some-
times playful, mirth-provoking ; here using raillery or satire ; here a dia-
logue or a sharp discussion, or resorting to a discriminating analysis of
some distinguished man ; and yet all is pervaded with "a spirit of reverent
and contrite humiliation before God, and a constancy of loving and trust-
1 Ad Clerum : Advices to a Young Preacher, by Joseph Parker, D. D. Author of
Ecce Deus. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1871. pp.256. $1.50.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 2. 22
338 Literary Review. [-April,
ful desire towards the Saviour." The letter on earnestness is capital,
showing that a minister need not be "fussy" to be in earnest, that ear-
nestness is to be "felt" rather than to be "heard." The first requisite
of an earnest minister is to be an earnest " Christian." Upon this he lays
great stress. He describes three kinds of earnestness : the " Dental," the
" Porous,'' and the " Cordial." On " Delivery," the author writes like a
master. As an Englishman, he urges extemporaneous preaching, or rather
the non-use of manuscript in the pulpit, — abhors being " read at." He
says " your sermon should always be part of yourself ; instead of saying
* I have my sermon,' you should say, ' I am my sermon.' " His directions
upon reading the Scriptures and prayer, are apt, striking, and valuable.
On " Unsuccessful Men," the author says, among many other useful things,
"If, in your heart of hearts, you do not love the work of preaching the
gospel infinitely above all other work, you must fail ; for this work must
be the most thrilling joy or the most unenduring torment which any man
can experience. ... A sermon must be part of the preacher himself''''
He urges the utmost culture and hard study, and yet insists that sermons,
to be of real value, must be written rather " from the heart than the head."
We commend this little book to all our ministers, especially to young men
preparing for, or recently in, the ministry. It will abundantly repay careful
reading and re-reading.
Next to the Bible we value " Cruden's Complete Concordance." ' No
abridgment would or could meet our wants any more than an abridg-
ment of the Bible would meet our wants. We are glad to see an edition
of this great and indispensable work issued in good, clear type, quite fair
paper, and well bound in cloth, at a price that puts it within the reach of
every student of the Divine Word. He will find here not merely an uner-
ring guide to every passage, but a Dictionary and an Alphabetical Index,
yvhich will be, in many ways, very helpful.
HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.
J. B. Lippincott & Co. have given fresh proof of their bravery in heavy
enterprises, by publishing a " Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biog-
raphy and Mythology ! "^ It consists of two massive volumes, treating of
thousands of distinct subjects. It is a library in itself In the introduc-
tion there is an elaborate and learned dissertation on the system of pro-
1 A complete Concordance to the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testa-
ment : ... to which is added a Concordance to the books called Apocrypha, by
Alexander Cruden, M. A., with an original life of the author. New York : Dodd
& Mead, No. 762 Broadway, successors to W. W. Dodd. 1871. pp.856. $2.75.
2 Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology, by J. Thomas,
A. M., M. D., author of the system of pronunciation in " Lippincott's Pronouncing
Gazetteer of the World," and of the pronouncing vocabularies of Biographical and
Geographical names in "Webster's Unabridged Dictionary." Vols. I. and II.
pp. 2,345. $22.00.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 339
nunciation and orthography adopted in this work. The general rule of
the author is to pronounce all names as nearly as possible as they are
pronounced by the well-educated people of the different countries to which
such names belong. He departs from this rule in only a few instances,
where the names have acquired an established English pronunciation.
The objection to this system is, that in the fulfilment of the prophecy
" many shall run to and fro," the intercommunication between the nations
is bringing into frequent use, in our language, so many foreign names that
it requires extensive linguistic attainments to carry the rule into practice.
Indeed, foreign names are coming to form so large an element of our
language that the practical adoption of this rule mars the unity of the
language. Perhaps it is the best rule, on the whole, but we should person-
ally prefer to make many more exceptions to it than this author would
allow, and quite extensively Anglicize the names with which the common
people are expected to become familiar.
The adoption of the rule, however, in this work, has this advantage : it
gives to the readers who may desire it, the foreign pronunciation, so far
as it is possible to do so by marks and signs, while every reader is free to
give to the letters their English sound, if he chooses to do so. A diversity
of pronunciation does not necessarily involve an issue between ignorance
and learning ; it may be an issue between common-sense and pedantry.
An important feature of the work, designed to give it completeness with
brevity, is the addition to the more iniportant notices of " biographical
references indicating to the reader the sources whence he can obtain the
fullest information respecting any person in whom he may chance to feel a
particular interest."
It is a herculean task to prepare such a dictionary, and it would be ab-
surd to expect entire freedom from errors ; an approximation to perfect
accuracy is all that can reasonably be demanded. We have not searched
for errors, but among the instances where we happen to be familiar with
the personal history, we notice the following : Rufus Choate is represented
as born in Ipswich, Mass. It would have been more exact to have said
that he was born on " Hog Island," belonging to what was then the town
of Ipswich. Dr. Luther V. Bell is said to have been born in Chester, N.
H. ; whereas, he was born in Francistown, and the family did not move
to Chester until this son was six years of age. We allude to the point
thus illustrated, because although perfect accuracy cannot be expected, yet
the value of such a work depends upon the degree of accuracy which is
attained.
The author remarks in his preface that it would not " be just to con-
clude that in all cases the length of the different notices is designed to be
a measure of the relative importance of the individual noticed." This re-
mark has, as it seems to us, some very striking illustrations. Thus, the
notice of General Butler occupies 82 lines ; that of the late Hon. Edwin
M. Stanton, 52 lines, and that of the Hon. George S. Boutwell, 13 lines.
Taking examples from another class, we have the following : Rev. William
340 Literary Review. [April,
E. Channing, d. d., 189 lines ; President Edwards, 105 ; Rev. Edward
Robinson, D. D., 25 ; President Woolsey, 20; Professor Stuart, 15; Rev.
Leonard Bacon, D. D., 9 ; Rev. William H. H. Murray, 9 ; Rev. Nathaniel
W. Taylor, D. D., 8 ; Professor B. B. Edwards, 8 ; Professor Park, 7 ;
President Hopkins, 7 ; President Lord, 4.
There are some very strange omissions. Thus, Prof. Eleazar T. Fitch,
D. D., who was the preacher in Yale College chapel for thirty-five years,
and one of the greatest geniuses of his day, is not mentioned. Professor
Shedd, who has shown himself a master in a variety of professional
branches of study ; and Dr. William Adams, who has sustained his repu-
tation so long as a preacher in New York city, are passed by. Dr. Rufus
Anderson, who has no limited reputation wherever Christian missions are
appreciated, is in like manner left to oblivion.
It is significant in its relation to women's rights, that the notice of Mrs.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton occupies 42 lines; that of Miss Lucy Stone, 31
lines, and that of Anna Dickinson, 7 lines. And while Professor Phelps,
who has so long been an ornament and honor to Andover Theological
Seminary, is not recognized, a minute record is given of the writings of
his first wife, and a complimentary notice of his daughter.
Some of the notices are unaccountably defective. This is the case with
reference to some of the persons already referred to. Thus, the book
gives only four lines respecting Dr. Bell; and while it gives a notice of his
father, Samuel Bell, Governor of New Hampshire, it does not recognize
any relationship between them, and leaves Dr. Bell " Superintendent of
the McLean Asylum at Charlestown, Mass." That asylum is in Somer-
ville, instead of Charlestown ; and Dr. Bell left the institution many years
ago, and in our late civil war devoted his eminent talents to his country's
service, was made medical director of an army division, and sacrificed his
life on the altar of the nation.
Dr. Edward Robinson is represented as the author of " Bibliotheca
Sacra." He did edit one volume with that title, in 1843, and had some
connection with "The Bibliotheca Sacra" published afterwards ; but in
noticing Prof Park, the fact that he was a pastor at Braintree, Mass.,
and afterwards a professor in Amherst College, is not stated ; and there is
no recognition of his prominent editorial connection with The Bibliotheca
Sacra for these twenty-seven years !
The religious people in Massachusetts will be surprised to learn from
this dictionary that President Hopkins is a " Presbyterian minister," and
we suspect that he will be as much surprised as they. Dr. Thomas Hill
is represented as president of Antioch College, without honoring him with
a title, and wit no recognition of his subsequently holding the more dis-
tinguished position of the presidency of Harvard College.
W do not point out these defects of the great work before us with any
disposition to depreciate it, but simply as just critics ; for, notwithstanding
its faults, it is a monument of the patience and skill of the compiler, and
an invaluable work for reference. We appreciate the profound remark of
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 341
the author, that he " may safely rely on the candor and intelligence of his
critics, since those whose opinion is most to be valued or feared will be
most capable of appreciating the inherent difficulties as well as the extra-
ordinary labor involved in the preparation of such a work," We commend
his stupendous labors to the consideration of the public, and his stately
volumes to their liberal patronage.
A BIOGRAPHICAL sketch of WiUiam Winston Seaton has just been issued,
which will, we think, find many interested readers. It has a brief preface,
but no table of contents, and no index. It has the further disadvantage of
not being divided into chapters or sections. The name of the author, even,
is not given. Still, it is an entertaining narrative of life in Washington.
Mr. Seaton was of high Scotch descent and of proud Virginia origin. He
was associated with Mr. Joseph Gales in the proprietorship and editorship
of the "National Intelligencer." Mr. Seaton is represented as "noble-
looking, singularly handsome, with most prepossessing manners, and of
great dignity." His position as an editor brought him and his family,
from 18 12, for more than half a century, into intimate relations with the aris-
tocratic elements of Washington society, and the sketch not only gives a
portraiture of Mr. Seaton, but also incidentally of many of his associates,
the men of mark of his day. One of the most entertaining portions of the
volume is composed of the letters of Mrs. Seaton, addressed to her mother,
Mrs. Gales, of Raleigh, N. C. Her description of the dinner parties and
balls of olden time give a vivid view of the gayety and dissipation of the
capitol.
The author, who, it may be, is a lady, is chary of dates, but is generally
reliable as to matters of fact. Her chatty way of presenting the great men
of the day in their social aspects, is agreeable and fascinating. The state-
ment respecting Mr. Webster, that " his theological convictions were Uni-
tarian," is given without adducing any evidence to support it. We have
often been disgusted by attempts to secure for Christianity the patronage
of great names, as though that divine system, which at the first "grew
mightily and prevailed," even though " not many wise men, not many
noble " were called, needed now to be supported by an arm of flesh. We do
not think that any particular denomination can make much, even to human
view, by claiming Mr. Webster. He was a member of a Trinitarian Con-
gregational church in New Hampshire, and attended a similar church
when in Marshfield. In Boston, he attended a conservative Unitarian
church, and at Washington, we understand, he worshipped with the Episco-
palians. This looks as though, practically, he made his religion serve other
than spiritual purposes.
Although Trinitarians always use the word person in a technical and
peculiar sense as applied to the mode of the Divine existence, and when
1 William Winston Seaton, of the National Intelligencer. A Biographical
sketch, with passing notices of his associates and friends. Boston : James R.
Osgood & Company. 1871. 8vo. pp. 385. $2.00.
342 Literary Review. [April,
they say there are three persons in the Trinity, never use the word person
as synonymous with being, yet Unitarians, stupidly or dishonestly, are
ever representing them as absurdly believing that "three are one and one
is three." It is a current anecdote of Mr. Webster, that, when a Unita-
rian presumed to ply him, as an Orthodox man, with the question how
three could be one and one three, he parried the ignorant or discourteous
inquirer, by replying, " I do not pretend to understand the arithmetic of
heaven."
Notwithstanding Byron's remark, that "none are all good," yet the
author presents the chief subject of the sketch as faultless ; or, at least, in
accordance with the ambition of Queen Elizabeth, gives no shading to the
portrait. As a tribute of affection it will be highly esteemed, — as a read-
able book it will meet with popular favor.
SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL.
"The Annual of Scientific Discovery for 1870"! comes freight-
ed with the progress of the great works now going on or completed during
the past year, such as the Mount Cenis Tunnel, Bridges over the Missis-
sippi at St. Louis, and over the East River, between New York and
Brooklyn ; adding that " The Broadway Underground Railway is well
under way ; " also, that " the Suez Canal is a successful fact," etc., etc.
The most of the volume is filled with able papers read before scientific
and mechanical associations, or published in some form. Subjects of every
variety are treated briefly, but with evident care and thoughtfulness, mak-
ing a valuable Thesaurus for all interested in the progress of the Arts and
Sciences. For particulars, see copy of title-page below.
Dr. Storer is well known to the medical world as a bold, yet success-
ful surgeon, particularly in those cases which fall within the lines of his
specialty. He is fast coming to be known as a bold, yet successful writer,
also, upon those diseases with which his varied studies and extensive practice
have made him familiar. " Reflex Insanity in Women " 1 is a republication
of a report he made to the American Medical Association in 1865, which
was then published with the " Transactions," and is now republished at
1 Annual of Scientific Discovery : or Year-Book of Facts of Science and Art, for
1871, exhibiting the most important discoveries and improvements in Mechanics,
Useful Arts, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology, Biology, Botany,
Mineralogy, Meteorology', Geography, Antiquities, etc. Together with Notes on
the progress of Science during the year 1870 ; a list of recent scientific publications,
obituaries of eminent scientific men, etc. Edited by John Trowbridge, s. B., As-
sistant Professor of Physics in Harvard College, aided by W. R. Nichols, Assist-
ant Professor of Chemistry in Mass. Inst, of Technology, and C. R. Cross, graduate
of the Institute. Boston : Gould & Lincoln, 59 Washington street New York :
Sheldon & Co. London : Triibner & Co. 1871. pp. 349. $2.00.
1 The Causation, Course and Treatment of Reflex Insanity in Women, by Horatio
Robinson Storer, M. D., LL. D., of Boston. Boston : Lee & Shepard. New York :
Lee, Shepard & Dillingham. 1871. pp. 236. $1.50.
iS/i-] Literacy Review. 343
the request of many of " the Faculty." His chief points are : I. " Tha
in women, mental disease is often, perhaps generally, dependent upon func-
tional or organic disturbance of the reproductive system. II. That in
women the access, or exacerbation, of mental disease is usually coincident
with the catamenial establishment, its periodical access, temporary sup-
pression, or final cessation. And, therefore, III. That the rational and
successful treatment of mental disease in women must be based upon the
preceding theories, which I have claimed are established, i. By many
analogies, physiological and pathological, in the cerebral manifestations of
the human female and that of the lower mammals. 2. By clinical observa-
tion ; and 3. By the results of autopsies of the insane, both in private
practice and where made with equal care and impartiality, in insane asy-
lums." These positions are well fortified by the testimony of leading men
in the profession, as well as by the cases which have been treated by the
author. It is a book for "the profession."
Among the most profound subjects of study, that of Civil Government
is second only to the broader theme of the Moral Government of God.
Since our republic was established there never has been a time when the
necessities of our situation compelled the nation to search for the founda-
tions of society, and the fundamental principles of our national institutions,
so earnestly and so fully as since the rebellion. The weak position taken
by him who was stigmatized as " the Public Functionary," that a State
had no right to secede, but that he had no constitutional power to prevent
it, aroused thinking men to a sense of our national peril. There were
those of high repute, as students of law, who had so confined themselves
to the consideration of the powers of our government in times of peace
and tranquillity, that they had failed to appreciate or even discover its pow-
er of self-preservation. When the question arose, whether there was any
right given in the Constitution to force a State into submission, or to disre-
gard the laws of a sovereign State, — for instance, by emancipating its slaves,
when the exercise of such power was essential to the preservation of the
Union and to the life of the repubhc, — grave professors of law shook their
heads in doubt, or took a negative position. But the common sense, the
natural instinct of the masses gave in thunder tones an affirmative reply.
They were guided by the spirit of the Divine inquiry, " Is not the life more
than meat, and the body than raiment ? " If the government had power
to provide for minor exigencies, much more had it power to preserve its
own existence. They were not troubled by the question, whether it was
illogical and suicidal to go outside of the Constitution to preserve the Con-
stitution.
They leaped at once to the conclusion that the war-power of the govern-
ment involved all that was necessary for self-preservation. Pressing the
inquiry, when the life of the nation is in jeopardy, where in the Constitution
can you find a distinct recognition of the power to perpetuate that life ?
suggests the remark of Goethe on another theme, " A logician might not
find it, but a soul would." The unquestioning patriotism of the North
assumed that power and saved the republic.
344 Literary Review. [April,
But, after all, we are not satisfied to ground the defence of our triumph-
ant cause on a vague impulse, however just, or on mere sentiments, how-
ever noble. The demand of the reason is for a clear and logically
defensible statement of the rights of the government on the principles of
political science.
To William Whiting, Esq., belongs the distinguished honor of furnishing
such a statement. His great work on the "War Powers under the Con-
stitution " ^ has placed the nation under lasting obligations to his name
and his memory. It contains five distinct disquisitions on, —
" I. The War Powers. 2. The Law of Military Arrests in time of Civil
War. 3. The Constitutional Principles of Reconstruction, or Restoration
of Rebel States to the Union. 4. Military Government of Hostile Terri-
tory in time of Civil War. 5. The Laws of Nations and of the United
States in relation to the Claims of Ahens to indemnification for Injuries to
their Property or Persons, caused by Military Operations in the War ;
together with Decisions of the Solicitor of the War Department relating
thereto."
Notes are added, and an index, making, in all, a volume of 695 royal
octavo pages. Portions of this work have already reached the 43d edition.
As a treatise on Constitutional law it ranks deservedly high, and though
more popular in its style than the Federalist, it is not wanting in those
solid quahties which characterized the writings of the founders of the
Republic. May a grateful nation show its appreciation of the services of
its leefal defender no less than those of the men who led our armies amid
the shot and shell of the battle.
At the opening of the Walker Hall, at Amherst College, Pres. Stearns
took occasion to give an address, which, as a philosophical and scholarly
production, is an honor to him and to the institution over which he so
gracefully presides. This hall is built of stone, and is a monument of
architectural taste. The style is that known as the revised mediaeval. It
was erected largely by funds furnished by the late William Johnson
Walker, M. D., long resident in Charlestown, Mass., whose donations to
Amherst College, in all, exceed $200,000. This Walker Hall cost about
$125,000. It is devoted chiefly to Natural Science, — prominently to
mathematical and astronomical purposes. This fact led Pres. Stearns to
discuss, in his address, the domain of the natural sciences, and specifi-
cally how much is involved in mathematical science. He thence proceeds
to consider " How far and at what sacrifices " these sciences should " be
tau<rht in American colleges." He then discourses on " the character
and design of the American college."
1 War Powers under the Constitution of the United States. Military arrests.
Reconstruction and Military Governments. Also, now first published, War Claims
of Aliens, with notes on the Acts of the Executive and Legislative Depart-
ments during our Civil War, and a collection of Cases decided in the National
Courts. By William Whiting. Forty-third Edition. Boston : Lee & Shepard.
187 1. Cloth, $3.50. ; law sheep, $4.50 ; half-calf, $6.00.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 345
This important theme he treats with great candor and abiHty, bringing
to bear upon it the results of years of careful study and conscientious
reflection.
We commend this address to the consideration of thoughtful men at
the present time. Our system of education seems to be in a transition
state. Is there such a thing as an American university? Are we to have
such an institution? If so, is it to be the outgrowth of our common
school system, or the result of a demand for a broader culture than the
American college furnishes ? Is it to consist of a collection of schools in
which distinct courses of study are pursued, or is it to be one school in
which there are to be optional courses of study ? Will not an American
university, without preparatory schools corresponding in rank to the Ger-
man gymnasia, partake of the nature of a sham ? Is the American college
as a distinctive institution to be preserved ? If not, whence are our churches
to receive their ministers ? These, and such like questions, we shall be
obliged to consider, and on the answers given to them hinge the most
momentous results.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The man who wrote " Ecce Homo," plainly enough, can write so as
to be read upon other than that one great topic. And he has written, in the
little volume now before us, " Lectures and Essays," ' in ten chapters,
upon the following themes, viz : I. Roman Imperialism ; the great
Roman Revolution. II. Roman Imperialism ; the Proximate Cause of the
fall of the Roman Empire. III. Roman Imperialism; the late Empire.
IV. Milton ; Political Opinions. V. Milton ; Poetry. VI. Elementary
Principles of Art. VII. Liberal Education in Universities. VIII. Eng-
lish in Schools. IX. The Church as a Teacher of Morality. X. The
Teaching of Politics : an Inaugural Lecture delivered at Cambridge. The
author evidently thinks for himself, expresses his opinions without diffi-
dence, and yet with becoming modesty. He does not ascribe the fall of
the Roman Empire so much to moral as to physical causes. " With a
magnificent standing army, with a crowd of experienced officers, and with
an imperator at the head of affairs, Rome ceased, except at long intervals,
to conquer." Soldiers came to be drawn, more and more, from conquered
barbarians ; and " the Empire was driven to the strange expedient of turn-
ing its enemies and plunderers into its defenders." Marriage was deemed
a degradation in the eyes of Roman citizens, hence the increase of popu-
lation was by the extension of citizenship, and not by lawful propagation.
There was " sterility and barrenness in human beings ; the human harvest
was bad." The Empire fell "for the want of men."
The writer's lecture upon Milton and politics is frank, while it is dis-
criminating. He compares him to Carlyle in certain marked particulars,
1 Roman Imperialism and other Lectures and Essays, by J. R. Seeley, M. a.,
Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge. (Author of Ecce
Homo.) Boston : Roberts Brothers. 187 1 pp. 335. $1.50.
346 Literary Review. [April,
but says, "there is this great difference, that Milton sees the possible good
much more strongly, and Carlyle the actual evil. . . . Milton is of a san-
guine temperament ; he has a trait in common with that Cromwell by
whose side he will forever stand in history, and of whom it was said, that
hope shone like a fiery pillar in him when it had gone out of all others.
. . . Himself the most cultivated man of his time, perhaps we might say
the most cultivated man that has ever lived in England, he viewed politics
from a certain elevation above the standing point of the ordinary politician.
... I have compared Milton to one watching the sunrise. It is equally
true that the glow on Carlyle's face is that of sunset. In other words,
Milton belongs to the beginning of an age. Carlyle to the end of an age."
The essay on art is clear and eminently suggestive. He would have
the universities bring the English language into more prominence, intro-
duce Latin and Greek at a much later period in the course of study, than
is now universal. He thinks the ministry does not urge the high moral
claims upon the people as should be done, for the best results, and gives
some very good counsel. The book is to be commended for its originality
and good sense, as well as for its bold and discriminating criticisms.
It is not easy to analyze or criticise a dictionary or an encyclopedia, as
neither will have a table of contents, or an index, on any one all-pervading
idea. " The Hand-book of Legendary and Mythological Art " ^ has similar
inherent difficulties confronting the reviewer. He can hardly be expected to
have read the latter through more than the former, and yet he must say some-
thing. This "hand-book" has 30 pages of " Symbolism in Art," such as
" The Fish," " The Cross," " The Lamb," etc. Then follow 287 pages of
" Legends and Stories, illustrated in Art," beginning with St. Abbondio,
and ending with Zenobia of Florence. They are mostly saints, of course.
The next 100 pages are devoted to "Legends of Place," beginning with
Adolphseck and ending with Zuydersee. The remaining 90 pages are de-
voted to " Ancient Myths, which have been illustrated in Art," Achelous
being the first, and Zeus, or Jupiter, the last.
The different sections are abundantly illustrated, except the legends of
place. To a traveller in Europe and beyond, such a hand-book would be
a very convenient help. To the general reader of history it would be a
pictorial lexicon ; and, indeed, there is much to interest any intelligent
observer of men and things. The mechanical execution of the book is
such as might be looked for from the Riverside Press.
A BEAUTIFUL and abundantly illustrated volume on "Gutenberg 2 and
lA Hand-book of Legendary and Mythological Art. By Clara Erskine Cle-
ment, author of " A Simple Story of the Orient." With descriptive illustrations.
New York : Published by Kurd & Houghton. Cambridge : Riverside Press.
1871. pp.497- ^3-25-
2 Gutenberg, and the Art of Printing, by Emily C. Pearson, author of " Ruth's
Sacrifice ;"" The Poor White," etc., etc. Boston: Noyes, Holmes & Co., 117
Washington street. 1871. pp.292. I2.00.
1 87 1.] Literary Review. 347
the Art of Printing," is before us. Type, paper, and engravings are in
the right style for the subject. The authoress seems to be equal to her
undertaking, and has really produced a very interesting and useful book-
She has relieved the subject from its dry detail, by supplying, here and
there, the probable conversations of Gutenberg with his " precious Anna,"
and with his partners in his "great secret," and in his great toils to
," spread light throughout the world." The book will well repay reading
for its facts, showing under what seemingly insuperable difficulties this
great art was conceived and matured. Then it is well worth preserving
for reference and re-perusal.
Miss Phelps' latest work, " The Silent Partner, "i was founded on the
*' Reports of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor." The
silent partner is a lady who was not permitted, on account of her sex, to
become an active member of a manufacturing corporation, but whose
earnest purpose it was to benefit and elevate the factory operatives. The
grave questions at issue between employers and employees, between
capital and labor, require to be handled with a master's hand. This work
will, at least, deepen the interest felt in this important subject.
BRIEF NOTICES.
« Without crossing deep seas or broad oceans, all who will may go on a
mission. VVJio will go ? " Such is the entire preface of a very interesting
book by Paul Cobden. The reader must be a little patient for the first
two or three chapters, after which the attention will be held, and the in-
terest will be kept up to the end. The object of the writer is sufficiently
foreshadowed in the lines quoted above. It is not to be supposed that he
intends to depreciate the excellence and importance of the work done by
those who " cross the deep seas " on a mission, but rather to show
that every one, so disposed, can do effectual missionary work at home as
well as abroad. The moral and religious tone of the book is, on the
whole, good. Its companion volume, " Who will win?'''' is similar in
character and aim.
The boys are favored with a pleasing book called " Double Play " by a
Latin Tutor at Harvard, son of the late Hon. Edward Everett. " Home
in the West" of the "Charley Roberts' Series," and "The House on
Wheels," translated from the French, and profusely illustrated, are not
only interesting to youth, but calculated to exert a happy moral influence.
The prose and poetry issued under the title " Letters Everywhere," is
an entertaining volume for the young. It teaches good morals in an
attractive manner with no unnatural or unhealthy draft upon the imagina-
tion.
All the above-mentioned books are published by Lee & Shepard, Boston.
1 The Silent Partner. By Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. Boston : James R. Osgood
& Company. i2mo. pp. 302. $1.50.
348 Literary Review. [April,
After becoming acquainted with the characters, "The Home Story"
of " We Girls " will interest and attract the reader, and he will be likely
to follow their fortunes as far as they are related. The scenes described
are more natural than are commonly given in this class of fictitious books.
It were well for the world if such a home story were, in many of its
features, more commonly realized in actual life. Fields, Osgood & Co.
A Number of ITovels, by Md'e Marie Sophie Schwartz, are being
issued by Messrs. Lee & Shepard, Boston, in paper covers, at $i.oo ; in
cloth, at $1.50. " Gold and Names," " Birth and Education," and "Guilt
and Innocence," are now offered to the public. The authoress is highly
commended by her countrywoman. Mile. Christine Nilsson. The trans-
lation from the Swedish into English bears marks of skill and care. To
the lovers of fiction, these books will be welcome.
" Max Kromer " is the title of an interesting little volume, giving " A
Story of the Siege of Strasburg, 1870." The American edition is issued
by Messrs. Dodd & Mead, of New York. It is a vivid portrayal of the
calajnity of war. It has the impress of a religious spirit, and is a good
Sabbath-school book.
Among the various fields in which human ingenuity is finding free scope,
we are gratified to see that the educational department is assuming prom-
inence. A recent volume, entitled " Oral Training," illustrates this point.
Its author is H. Barnard, of Minneapolis, Minn., and its publishers the
enterprising firm of A. S. Barnes & Co. It is an interesting attempt to
show teachers how to impart instruction in " natural science and general
knowledge " to the young, by oral lessons.
Among the numerous "Hymn and Tune Books" which compete for the
favor of the churches, the "Songs for the Sanctuary" seems to be pre-
eminent. When numerous editions, of fifteen thousand in each, are called
for by the public, the popularity and success of the work are beyond the
province of debate.
" The Black Valley Railroad " (see advertisement in this number of the
Quarterly), which has been rendered famous by Rev. Mr. Hanks, in his
persevering attempts to stop every train, has been made also the subject
of song by Dr. Tarbox, and is to be made to subserve still further the
cause of temperance, in connection with an allegorical volume of some
200 pages, soon to be issued, we understand, entitled " The Black Valley
Country."
1 87 1.] Editors Table. 349
EDITORS' TABLE.
As editors, we have spared no reasonable pains to make the Quarterly
the means of vmifying and energizing the denomination which it repre-
sents. As proprietors, with wellnigh total disregard of pecuniary con-
siderations, as affecting ourselves, we have kept the subscription price at
a low figure, and at the same time spent money lavishly to give the work
an attractive appearance, and to make it an honor to the denomination.
Hence, it is a gratification to us to know that our labors and sacrifices are
appreciated, or at least that the periodical which we furnish finds appre-
ciative readers. As it may be of interest to our friends to see what the
testimony of the press is respecting our work, we will present the following
extracts from the notices given of our last number.
The New York Observer., in an editorial, says : —
" The Congregational Quarterly for January is remarkable for its typographical
excellence and the value and variety of its contents. We never saw such a number
of a religious quarterly. Besides the usual literary articles of great ability, it has
the Annual Statistics of the American Congregational Ministers and Churches,
names, residences and all, brought down to date, a monument of somebody's labor
and care. Several papers on the denomination are of great importance and deep
interest to every intelligent Christian reader."
This from the representative of a different religious denomination, is
certaialy generous.
The Daily News, of Boston, speaks of it as "a magnificent number,"
and adds : —
" The type is large and new, the paper is thick, laid and tinted, the varied statis-
tical tables are near perfection, and for once, look so inviting, that we were tempted
to read them right through, as we did all the articles and all the Literary Review.
On the whole, we do not know that v/e have ever seen anything of the kind gotten
up with quite so good adaptable taste and judgment, nor any whole set of notices
of books quite so discriminating, fearless and valuable."
The Congregationalist attests : —
" This number of the Quarterly is printed on tinted, laid paper, of fine quality,
and its wide margin and uncut edges give it a really sumptuous appearance."
The Religious Herald, of Hartford, Ct., favors us with the following : —
" Congregational Quarterly for January, 1871. Valuable as the former numbers
of this periodical have been, the present number is superior to them all. The con-
tents are larger, the letter-press finer, the matter more varied and valuable ; in-
deed, we do not see how this Quarterly, so indispensable to all who are interested
in the growth of Congregationalism, could be improved. It has ' renewed its
youth like the eagle's.' "
Such a notice as this shows that the dwellers in "the land of steady
habits " are not incapable of enthusiasm.
350 Editors Table. [April,
The Excelsior, of Syracuse, N. Y., bears this testimony : —
" The Congregational Quarterly. The first number of the thirteenth volume has
208 pages, is printed from new type, on toned paper, and is not surpassed in the
attractiveness of its appearance by any Quarterly which we have seen. . . . But
the chief value of this number attaches to the one hundred p^es which it contains
of statistics of the Congregational ministers and churches of America in 1870. In
convenience of arrangement, fulness and accuracy, these are unequalled in any
other denomination. We pity the Congregational minister who consents to go
without this most valuable Quarterly. It is, moreover, a marvel in cheapness."
The Advance, of Chicago, informs its readers that
" The Congregational Quarterly . . . appears in new form and handsome typo-
graphical dress, as if with a resurrection to new life."
From " The Sunset-land " a voice reaches us of encouragement and
commendation, for The Pacific, of San Francisco, declares, —
" This January number of the Quarterly is superb. The printers have executed
their whole work with admirable taste. The paper is tinted and very superior in
quality. The engravings are exceedingly well done. One seldom sees a finer en-
graving than the one which presents to us the likeness of Mr. Edward Southworth.
The views of the (renovated) church of the Pilgrims are a pleasing contribution to
our knowledge of what may be done in church architecture. President Hopkins
has a thoughtful exposition of the Pilgrims' church order. But the statistics are
the glory of this number.
" They are full, carefully, laboriously, painfully edited and collated. We never felt
so clear on this point, that this is a publication indispensable to be perpetuated, and
worthy of every two dollars which is forwarded to its proprietors and editors."
Such commendatory notices as these may well cheer us in still further
efforts to serve the churches of Apostolic order and Pilgrim memory.
One of the compensations afforded a publisher, is the opportunity of
acquaintance with various phases of human nature and remarkable speci-
mens of the race. Thus, for instance, we recently published in our
Necrology, gratuitously, a sketch for the gratification of the friends, for
which a newspaper would have charged from six to ten dollars. The
father of the deceased desired us to send him a copy of the number
containing it. We did so, enclosing a bill of $1.00 for the same, which is
our regular price for the January number. That father, an officer in the
church, had aided the author of the sketch by telling him when and where
his son's wife died, — he furnishing in all less than two lines, and for this
he charged us $1.00, and thus squared the account !
We reprint, verbatim, in this number the annual catalogues of Andover
Theological Seminary, for the years 1813-14, and 1814-15.
The catalogue of December, 1813, is probably the first one issued. The
following is the earliest vote on record regarding a catalogue : —
At a meeting of the Committee on Exigencies, at the house of Samuel Farrar,
E;q., Sept. 17, 1813.
" Voted, That one hundred and fifty copies of a catalogue, containing the names
1 8 7 1 .] Editors Table. 3 5 1 .
of the present members of the Theological Institution ; the towns whence they
came, and colleges in which they were educated, be printed at the expense of the
Funds for the use of the Institution, at the approaching anniversary.
" Voted, That the President be a committee to carry the preceding vote into
effect."
The above note is entered in the records of the trustees.
In our January number we gave the catalogues for 1815-16, and 1817-18.
Of each of these years, only one copy is known to exist. Extensive adver-
tising has as yet failed to find a single copy of 1816-17. Possibly one was
not printed for that year. If any person has a copy, or has any knowledge
on the subject, he will confer a favor by communicating with Rev. William
L. Ropes, Librarian, Andover, Mass.
We have given on the second page of the Advertiser, appended to this
number, a list of the Congregational societies. It is not to be understood .
that all the societies included under this title are Kmited by their charters
or constitutions to persons of this one denomination, or that no other per-
sons are to be found among their patrons ; but simply that all these socie-
ties depend for support chiefly, if not entirely, upon the churches of our
denomination. We have given the list for the convenience of those who
wish to refer to these societies, or to correspond with their officers.
Complaints are sometimes heard as to the number of benevolent socie-
ties. But it will be seen by reference to this list, that the number for
which our denomination is specially responsible is not large. Of these,
the American Congregational Association asks of the churches only one
contribution in money, for the completion of its proposed building. This
leaves but seven to make appeals hereafter to the churches. One thing we
feel to be of great importance, that whatever other societies may be neg-
lected, or be aided only occasionally, those on the prosperity of which the
success of our denomination depends should receive an annual and liberal
remembrance. If we do not take care of them, no one else will. If we
allow them to be crippled for want of support, we shall find in the end that
our churches are dwarfed and enfeebled, and the relative position of our
denomination humiliating.
In the list of Congregational publications, on the third page of the
Advertiser, we should have included " Punchard's History of Congrega-
tionalism," but are sorry to learn that, for the present, one volume of
that valuable work is out of print.
352
Congregational Quarterly Record.
[April,
CONGREGATIONAL QUARTERLY RECORD, 1870-71.
CHUKCHES FORMED.
1870.
MAPLE CREEK, Neb., Dec. 22, 7 members,
8EBEWA, Mich., Dec. 29, 5 members.
1871.
ATHENS, Ala., Feb. 26, 9 members.
BARKEli'dSCHOOL-HOUsJE,Kan.,33mem-
bers.
BARTON CITY, Neb., 11 members.
CRETE, Neb.
DE WITT, Neb.
DULTJTH, Minn., Jan. 18, 17 members.
FREDONIA, Kan.
FREEDOM, lo., Jan. 14, 12 members.
LAWLER, lo., Feb. 5, 9 members.
LIVONIA AND NANKIN, Mich., March 5,
29 members.
MILL RIVER, New Marlboro', Mass., Feb.
2, 40 members.
MINERAL. 111., 10 members.
MONTREAL, Que., Eastern Congregational
Church, 18 members.
MOUND PRAIRIE, lo.. Feb. 26, 32 members.
MT. STERLING (ne.^r) Wis., 8 members.
NEODOSHA, Kan., 12 members.
NEWn ALLSVILLE, Conn., Feb. 9, 25 mem-
bers.
OTTAWA. Kan., Jan. 11, 19 members,
OVID, Mich.
PACHECO, Cal.
PALMYRA, Neb.. Jan. 27, 13 members.
PEKIN, 111.. Feb. 28, 14 members.
PERE MARQUETTE, Mich., 9 members.
PLOVER, Wis. (formerly Presbyterian ).
POMONA, Kan.
RENO, Nevada, Feb. 19, 7 members.
SOMERSVILLE, Conn.. Jan. 3.
VERDIGRIS FALLS, Kan., Jan. 11, 14 mem-
bers.
"WAYNE STATION, 111., Feb, 18, 18 mem-
bers.
WELL8VILLE, Kan., Feb. 5.
WINFIELD, Kan., 17 members.
MARSHALL, C. A., over the Ch. in Burr
Oak, lo.. Feb. 22. Sermon by Rev. John
W. Windsor, of Cresco, Ordaining Prayer
by Rev. Ephraim Adams, of Decorah.
MARSHALL, HENRY G., to the work of
the Ministry in Avon, Ct., Feb. 1. Sermon
by Rev. Jon.ithau Brace, D. d., of Hart-
ford. Ordaining Prayer by Rev Alfred
Goldsmith, of West Avon.
PARTRIDGE, JOHN W., over the Daven-
port Ch. in New Haven. Ct., Feb. 7. Ser-
mon by Rev. Merrill Richardson, of New
York City.
RANSOM, GEORGE R., to the work of the
Ministry in Webster City, lo., Jan. 19.
Sermon by Rev. Joel 8. Bingham, D.D., of
Dubuque.
TING LEY, EDWIN S., to the work of the
Ministry in Brownfleld, Me., Feb. 1. Ser-
mon by Rev. Albert Cole, of Corni.'h. Or-
daining Pr.iyer by Rev. josiah T. Hawes,
of Litchfield.
WARFIELD, F. A., over the Evangelical Free
Ch. in Globe Village, Mass., Jan. 10. Ser-
mon by Rev. Alexis W. Ide, of West Med-
wav-
WILSON, EDWIN P., to the work of the Min-
istry in Bridgton, Me., Jan. 26. Sermon
by Rev. Kinsley Twining, of Cambridge.
Mass. Ordaining Prayer by Rev. David
B. Sewail, of Fiyeburg.
WRIGHT, CASSIUS E., over the 1st Ch. in
Norwalk, O., Feb. 3. Sermon by Rov.
Judson Smith, of Oberlin College.
MEnSTEKS OEDAINED.
1870.
L ATHROP. STANLEY E., to the work of the
Ministry in Viroqua, Wis., Dec, 21. Sermon
by Rev. John M. Carmichael, of Sparta.
SOUTHGATE, CHARLES M., over the 2d
Ch. in St. Johnsbury, Vt., Dec. 15. Her-
mon by Rev. Lewis O. Brastow, of St.
Johnsbury. Ordaining Prayer by Rev.
Robert Southgate, of Orford, N. H.
1871.
CASE. HORATIO M., to the work of the
Ministry in Allen's Grove. Wis. Sermon
by Rov. Joseph Collie, of Delavan.
GALLOWAY, Joseph F., over theNew Ru-
hamah Ch. near Hamilton, (P. N.) Miss.
Sermon and Ordaining Prayer by Rev.
Janus Ballard.
KING, WILLIAM O., to the work of the
Ministry in New Orleans, La., Feb. 5.
MINISTERS INSTALLED.
1870.
ALLISON, Rev. JOHN, over the Olivet Ch.,
in Milwaukee, Wis., Dec. 22.
BIXB Y, Rev. xVLANSON, over the Church in
Frewsbnrg, N. Y , Dec. 14. Sermon by
Rev. Edward Anderson, of Jamestown.
BOSS, Rev. THOMAS M., over the Ch. in
• Putnam, Ct., Dec. 2. Sermon by Rev.
George B. Willoox, of Jersey City, N. J.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Alvan Bond,
T>. D., of Norwich.
BRAY, Rev. WILLIAM L., over the Ch. in
Marshalltown, lo., Dec. 22. Sermon by
Rev. William W. Woodworth, of Gria-
nell.
GAYLORD, Rev. WILLIAVI L., over the
Ist Ch. in Meriden, Ct., Dec. 22. Sermon
by Rev. Jacob M. Manning, d. d., of Bos-
ton, Mass.
GOODENOUGH, Rev. ARTHUR, over the 1st
Ch. in Winchester, Ct., Dec. 28. Sermon
by Rev. William E. Bass, tt, of Warren.
HAZEX, Rev. HENRY A., over the Ch. in
Pittsfield, N. H., Dec. 21. Sermon by
Rev. William J. Tucker, of Manchester.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Elliot C. Cogs-
well, of Norlhwood.
LEWIS, Rev. RICHARD, over the Ch. in
Hi-lleville,Ont.. Dec. 28.
MASON, Rev. JAVAN K., over the Ch. in
Hampton, N. H., Dec. 15.
I87I.]
Congregational Quafterly Record.
353
PICKETT, Rev. CYRUS, over the Ch. in
Keokuk, lo., Deo. 29. Sermon by Kev.
William baiter, d. d., of Burlington.
1871.
BLISS, Rev. J. HENRY, over the Ch. at South
Hadley, Mass., Jan. 11. Sermon by Rev.
Julius H. Seelye, D.D., of Amherst College.
Installing Prayer by Ruv. Aurou M, Col-
ton, of Easthampton.
BULL, Rev. RICHARD B., over the Ch. in
West Brookfield, Mass.. March 14. Ser-
mon by Rev. William T. Eustis, Jr., of
Springfield.
CAMP, Rev. CHARLES W., over the Ch. in
Waukesha, Wis., Jan. 10. Sermon by
Rev. William D. L. Love, of Milwaukee.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Hiram Foote, of
Waukesha.
CROWTHER, Rev. THOMAS, over the Ch.
in Mill River (New Marlboro'), Mass.,
March 15. Sermon by Rev. Joseph F.
Gaylord, of Worthington.
DAGGETT, Rev. OLIVER E.. D. D., over
the 2d Ch. in New London, Ct., Feb. 21.
Sermon by Rev. Samuel G. Buckingham,
D. D., of Springfield, Mnss.
DENNISON, Rev. JOHN H., over the 1st
Ch. in New Britain, Ct., Feb. 8. Ser-
mon by Rev. Maik Hopkins, D. d., of
Williams College. Installing Prayer by
Rev. Henry Hopkins, of Westfield, Mass.
HERRICK, Rev. EDWARD E., over the Ch.
in Chelsea, Vt., Feb. 14. Sermon by Rev.
William H. Lord, d. d., of Montpelier.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Cyrus B.Drake,
D. D., of Royalton.
LANE, Rev. JAMES P., over the Ch. in
Bristol, R. I., Jan. 11. Sermon by Rev.
Jacob M. Manning, D.D., of Boston, Mass.
Installing Prayer by Rev. John L.Taylor,
D. D., of Andover Seminary.
PASCO, Rev. MARTIN K., over the Ch. in
Marysville, O., March 7. Sermon by Rev.
George W. Phillips, of Columbus.
SAVAGE, Rev. MINOT J., over the Ch. In
Hannibal, Mo., Feb. 22. Sermon by Rev.
William H. Savage, of Jacksonville, III.
SHERRILL, Rev. A. F., over the Ch. in
Omaha, Neb., Jan. 24. Sermon by Rev.
George F. Magoun, D.D., of Iowa College.
SMITH, Rev. ELIJAH, over the Ch. in Dan-
ville, lo., Jan. 25. Sermon by Rev. Eli-
phalet Y. Swift, of Denmark.
UNDERWOOD, Rev. HENRY B., over the
Ch. in HilUboro' Bridge, N. H., March 8.
Sermon by Rev. Almon Underwood, of
Irvington, N. J. Installing Prayer by
Rev. John K. Young, d. d., of Hopkinton.
WOODWORTH, Rev. WILLIAM W., over
the Ch. in Grinnell, lo., March 1. Ser-
mon by Rev. George Thacher, of Water-
loo. Installing Prayer by Rev. Addison
Lyman, of Chester City.
MINISTERS DISMISSED.
1870.
CUMMINGS, Rev. EPHRAIM C, from the
2d Ch. in St. Johnsbury, Vt., Dec. 14.
DALY, Rev. JAMES A., from the Ch. in
Stockton, Cal., Dec. 15.
JAMES, Rev. HORACE, from the Ist Ch.
in Lowell, Mass., Dec. 13.
STONE, Rev. HARVEY M., from the Ch. in
Laconia, N. H., Dec. 19.
TOBEY, Rev. ALVAN, D.D., from the Ch. In
Durham, N. H., Dec. 20.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 2.
1871.
BALKAM, Rev. URIAH, D.D., from the Ch.
in Lewiston, Me., Jan. 1.
BLAKE. Rev. JOSEPH, from the Ch. in Gil-
manton Centre, N. H., Feb. 14.
EDWARDS, Rev. J. H., from the Ch. In
West Lebanon, N. H., Jan. 10.
EVANS, Rev. SAMUEL E., from the Ch. in
East Providence, R. I.
GROUT, Rev. HENRY M., from the Ch. in
West Springfield, Mass., J.an. 2.
HERRICK, Rev. WILLIAM T., from tile Ch.
in Clarendon, Vt.
KENDALL, Rev. REUBEN S., from the Ch.
in Vernon, Ct., Jan. 19.
KINGSBURY, Rev. J. W., from the Ch. in
North Woodstock. Ct., Feb. 21.
PAINE, Rev. BERNARD, from the Pacific
Ch. in New Bedford, Mass., April 1.
STREET, Rev. GEORGE E., from the Ch. in
Wiscasset, Me., Feb. 28.
STURTEVANT, Rev. JULIAN M., Jr., from
the Ch. in Hannibal, Mo., Feb. 22.
VIRGIN, Rev. SAMUEL H., from the Ch. in
Somerville, Mass., March 21.
WHITE, Rev. LYMAN, from the Ch. in
Phillipston, Mass.
WIGHT, Rev. DANIEL, from the 2d Ch. in
Ashburnham, Mass., Feb. 1.
WRIGHT, Rev. ABIEL H., from the Ch. In
Winterport, Me., Feb. 7.
MINISTERS MARRIED.
1870.
DUNNING — WESTBROOK. In Kingston,
N. Y„ Dec. 27, Rev. Albert E. Dunning,
of Boston, Mass., to Miss Harriet W.
Westbrook.
1871.
BURNHAM — WASHBURN. In Newton,
Mass., Feb. 8, Rev. Michael Burnham, of
Fall River, to Miss Cassie V. Washburn,
of Abington.
CHAPIN— MACFARLAND. In New York,
Jan. 11, Rev. Franklin P. Chnpin, of Am-
herst, Mass., to Miss Margaret Macfarland,
of the Labrador Mission.
CONKLING — SINCLAIR. In Stratham, N
H., Rev. D. B. Conkling, of Flint, Mich.,
to Miss Carrie N. Sinclair, of Str.atham.
IDE — SANBORN. In Newport, N. H.,
March 16, Rev. George H. Ide, of Hop-
kinton, Mass., to Miss Mary I. Sanborn, of
Newport.
RICHARDSON — DEARBORN. In Plym-
outh, N. H., Jan. 18, Rev. Cyrus Rich-
ardson, to Miss Annie Dearborn, both of
Plymouth.
8HAPLE1GH — SMITH. In South Egre-
mont, Mass., Feb. 8, Rev. Horace S. Shap-
leigh, to Miss Rhoda J. Smith, both of
South Egremont.
THOMPSON -DOBIE. In Hartford, Conn.,
Feb. 9, Rev. William A. 'J'hompson, of
Conway, Mass., to Miss Maria M. Dobie.
MINISTERS DECEASED.
1870.
VAILL, Rev. HERMAN, in Litchfield, Ct.,
D«c. 28, aged 76 years,
23
354
Congregational Quarterly Record.
[April,
1871.
BISHOP, Rev. NELSON, in East St. Johns-
bury, Vt., Jan. 10, aged 69 years.
CARTER, Rev. WILLIAM , in Pittsfield, 111.,
Feb. 2.
FITCH, Rev. ELEAZER T., in New Haven,
Ct., Jan. 31, aged 81 years.
HEMENWAY, Rev. DANIEL, in Suffleld,
Ct.. Feb. 18, aged 79 years.
KINNEY, Rev. MARTIN P., in Racine,
Wis., March 12, aged 57 years.
LYMAN, Rev. SOLOMON, in Northamp-
ton, Mabs., aged 70 years.
SNOW, Rev. WILLIAM F., in Lawrence,
Mass., Jan. 11, aged .32 years.
WRIGHT, Rev. JAMES L., in Haddam,
Ct., Jan. 25. aged 61 years.
MINISTEES' WIVES DECEASED.
1870.
BATT. Mrs. M.\RY D., wife of Rev. Wil-
liam J., in Leominster, Mass., Dec, 30.
1871.
BENJAMIN, Mrs. MARY G., wife of the
late Rev. Nathan, in Medford, Mass., Feb.
5, aged 57 years.
CHAPMAN, Mrs. SARAH P., wife of the
late Rev. Nathaniel, io Gardiner, Me.
Jan. 14.
COLEMAN, Mrs. MARIA, wife of the late
Rev. Lyman, D. D., in Milwaukee, Wis..
Jan. 11.
ELLIOT, Mrs. LOIS M. T., wife of Rev.
Lester H., in Winooski, Vt., Feb. 6, aged
28 years.
LAMPHEAR, Mrs. M. ELIZABETH, wife of
Rev. Orpheus T., in Beverly, Mass., aged
46 years.
LAWIIENCE, Mrs. NANCY T., wife of Rev.
John, in Reading, Mass., Jan. 6, aged 42
years.
LORING, Mrs. SOPHIA B., wife of the late
Rev. Levi, aged 87 years.
MARSHALL, Mrs. MAKIETTE C, wife of
Rev. HENRY G., in Avon, Ct., March 18,
aged 29 years.
MITCHELL, Mrs. MELINDA C, wife of the
Lite Rev. David M., in Waltham, Mass.,
Feb. 21, aged 71 years.
POND, Mrs. J. W., wife of Rev. J. Evarts, in
Platteville, Wis., March 5.
PUTNAM, Mrs. JULIA A., wife of the late
Rev. Israel W., d. o., in MidJleborough,
Mass., Feb. 10, aged 82 years.
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Association. 355
THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
While all has not been realized that was hoped for when our last page
for this periodical was filled, yet it is a consolation that progress can be
reported. No one, not in the circle of the many who have been in earnest
and diligent search for a suitable site for the Congregational House, can
be expected to form any idea of the difficulties attending it. The refusal
of one, however, has at last been secured until the first day of May next ;
and this, after more than a year's patient and impatient toil for this pur-
pose. And just now there is some prospect of improving u^Don this by
widening its front, or possibly exchanging it for an adjacent site much
more favorably situated. The site referred to is on Beacon Street, very
near Tremont, and as central between the various railway depots and
steamboat landings, as it is possible to obtain. Such a position has been
considered very important for the accommodation of the ministers and
members of the churches who come in from other places, near or remote.
It is felt now by the directors that " a site " is essentially a fixed fact, or
certainly is put within their possible reach for the first time.
It is encouraging to know that acting upon this probability, the churches
in Boston and immediate vicinity, are beginning to make their subscrip-
tions with more interest and zeal than has ever before been manifested.
Through other channels our readers have understood that at least $100,-
000, beyond the $70,000 now on hand in available funds, must be reliably
pledged before the first of May to secure the site, and $50,000 more before
a contract for the building can be made. Nearly one half the first-named
sum can now be relied on, in money and subscriptions already made, all
on the condition that the full $150,000 shall be raised within a reasonable
time. The churches of Boston and vicinity will ||||e their full share.
To all the Congregational churches which have not made their otie^
generous, memorial offering for this family building, this Home of the
denomination, this treasure-house of our literature, mementoes, and sym-
bols, this rallying and radiatory point of our entire brotherhood, — this ap-
peal comes urgent, and earnest, and cannot be denied without serious
detriment. All feel here that it is " now or never " with this enterprise.
It cannot be " wcw," without a unite:! and general and hearty, and, in many
cases, a self-denying effort. Large subscriptions are indispensable, and
these can be paid in instalments, if desired. The ones, and fives, and
tens, and twenties, and twenty-fives, must be had from the many, or our
$350,000, including what is in hand, will not be raised. With one pull
all together there would not be any difficulty. More than the faint hope
is indulged that our page in the July issue of the Quarterly will bear the
glad news of a site secured, of plans adopted, of a contract made, and suc-
cess assured. Let remittances be made as below. The undersigned is
ready to give any information, or to aid any pastor by presenting this sub-
ject to his congregation, if desired.
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY,
Cor. Sec. Am. Cong' I Association.
Boston, 40 Wintpr Street, March 25, 1871.
356
The America7i Congregational Union.
[April.
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
The financial year of the Union is drawing toward its close. More
money than we anticipated has been diverted from the treasury by the
special efforts of the Jubilee year, and we fear the result as to meeting in
full the demands of the work of church-building. We have occasion to
rejoice in what has already been accomplished. The following appropria-
tions, not previously reported in the Congregational Quarterly, have been
paid to aid in the erection of houses of worship : —
Southboro,
Mass.,
Goan)
$6oo 00
Brooklyn,
N. y., Puritan Cong, ch., (special)
655 00
((
" Park "
" (special)
1,300 00
Canterbury,
Z?6'/.,
(special)
594 35
Gambier,
O/i/o,
400 00
<<
n
(special)
450 00
Northport,
Mich.,
400 00
<<
«
(special)
155 00
Morton,
///.,
300 00
Utica,
a
(loan)
500 00
Richwood (Port
Andrew P. 0.) Wis. Bird's
Creek church,
150 00
Beacon,
Iowa,
400 00
Corning,
«
350 00
Nashua,
It,
500 00
((
a
(special)
115 00
Parkersburg,
<(
400 00
u
«
(special)
100 00
Rome,
«
400 00
((
(<
(special)
345 00
Glenwood,
Mo.,
500 00
Lath r op,
((
500 00
<(
«
(special)
250 00
Wellsville,
((
400 00
<<
«
(special)
100 00
Seneca,
Kan.,
500 00
White Cloud,
«
500 00
Astoria,
Oregon,
500 00
((
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THE
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JU'LY, I 87 I.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
Charlks Walker. By Rev. George Leon Walker, t>. n., New HaveYi, Ct. 357
Description of a Minister. Chaucer . . . . ' . . . . 378
A New Field for Councils. By Rev. T. T. Munger, Lawrence, Mass. . 379
The Power of calling Councils. Samuel Mather 383
The Languace of the Pulpit. By Rev. Amos W. Burnham, D. d., Keene,
N. H 384
Calvinism. Jiimes Anthony Froude 393
South Congregational Church, New Britain, Ct. By Rev. C. L. Good-
ell, New Britain. Ct 394
Sundays. George Herbert . 403
The Import and Mfthop of Christ's Bai'tism. By Rev. Tohn G. Hale,
Chester, Vt. 404
C.vrALOGUE OK Th>:ological Seminary, Andover. 1813. A Reprint . 417
Catalogue ok Theological Seminary, Andover. 1817. A Reprint . 419
Long Life rt) the Righteous. By Rev. C. E. Ferrin, Hinesburgh,' Vt. . 422
Congregational Necrology 431
Rev. Pliny Butts Day, D. D., 431. — Rev. Eli Thurston, v. d., 433. —
Rev, George Lee WoodhuU, 435. — Rev. George Diah Alonzo Heb-
ard, 437. — Rev. Nelson Bishop, 438. — Rev. James Lockwood Wright,
441. — Rev. Amos Wood Burnham, 443.
Literary Review . . 445
Editors' Table 461
Congregational Quarterly Rfcord 463-465
Churches Formed, 463. — Ministers Ordained, 463. — Ministers Installed,
463. — Ministers Dismissed, 464. — Ministers Married, 465. — Ministers
Deceased, 465. — Ministers' Wives Deceased, 465.
American Congregational Asscciaiion 466
AMERitAN Congregational Union 480
Printed by Alfred Mudgb & Son, 34 School Street, Boston
^^ ^f^<j^^^/i.^
erlv.
Of his intermei i
at Woburn, Mass. ; Trth vVestoi- aiel at Stur-
iiere a ear which he livt bears his
ithani md a house ^ he built
Sturbridge, with tV e shingles
■ by its buiidcr consider-
-;o. P' - — son of Na-
. . • Woodst' -'■
I'-i < 'triors,
f /if
THE
Congregational Quarterly.
Whole No. LI. JULY, 187 1. Vol. XIIL No. 3.
CHARLES WALKER.
Charles Walker was born at Woodstock, Conn., Febru-
ary 1st, 1 79 1. He was of the seventh generation in descent
from Richard Walker, who came to this country in 1630.
Of his intermediate ancestors, Samuel and Samuel J. lived
at Woburn, Mass. ; John at Weston ; Nathaniel at Stur-
bridge, where a pond near which he lived still bears his
name. Nathaniel was a carpenter, and a house which he built
for himself yet stands in Sturbridge, with the same shingles
upon its sides which were put upon it by its builder consider-
ably more than a hundred years ago. Phineas — son of Na-
thaniel, and grandfather of Charles — moved to Woodstock,
Conn. He was a man of great energy of character ; saw service
in the old French and in the Revolutionary wars ; was a pio-
neer in the settlement of Vermont, — purchasing a tract of
land in Strafford, some of which is still occupied by his pos-
terity,— and died at Woodstock in 1829, in the ninety-second
year of his age. His oldest son, Leonard, the father of the
subject of this sketch, was born in Woodstock, in 1766. Leon-
ard was married, in 1790, to Chloe Child, daughter of Elisha
Child of Woodstock, and of them Charles Walker was the
eldest-born of thirteen children.
The parents of Charles were persons of marked character.
The mother was a woman of quick intelligence, sweet disposi-
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by Samukl Burnham, for the Proprietors,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 3. 24
35^ Charles Walker. [July,
tion, and devout piety. Though living a hard life, and giving
birth to a large family, she was never a physically strong
woman ; and something of the quality of an invalid perhaps al-
ways softened her manner towards her children, and their feel-
ings towards her. She was an assiduous reader, especially of
the Bible. For twenty years before her death, which occurred
in 1843, at the age of seventy-six, she had each year read
through Scott's Family Bible, with all its notes and observa-
tions.
The father was a man of strong, inventive, and self-reliant
intellect. His early education had been limited, but his shrewd
observation and tenacious memory suffered little to be lost
which opportunity permitted him to gain. He was a good
practical mathematician, a discriminating reader, and though
reserved in manners, possessed of marked conversational
powers. His influence over other men was great ; and in the
little community where the larger part of his life was spent,
he was recognized as the man whose judgment was safest to
be trusted on all common questions of law, education, and mo-
rality. He was not a professor of religion, and it was only till
late in life that he expressed a hope of being a possessor of it ;
but was ever an exponent of the practical virtues it inculcates,
and a willing supporter of its institutions.
He was a skilful mechanic, with something of original dex-
terity and inventiveness ; qualities which served him in good
stead when he moved from the comparatively old and well-
equipped community of Woodstock, into the frontier wilderness
of Vermont. Settling down upon a farm in Strafford, his own
personal industry was mainly exercised in the saw-mill which
his father Phineas had built, or in the " shop," which, though
small, was, as has been said, almost a '* universal manufactory,"
a place where guns were locked, pocket knives made, carding-
mills constructed, and refractory clocks put in order.
It was in the spring of 1 797, when his family already num-
bered four children, that this removal to Vermont took place.
And it is in connection with this journey that we will find the
starting-point of the personal history of the son Charles whose
narrative we are to trace.
Charles was six years old when he rode his horse "single"
iS/i.] Charles Walker. 359
two hundred miles to the new home in Strafford. Arrived
there, he shared with the rest of the family the usual experi-
ences of life in a new settlement. A little house, built on the
steep hill-side, within sound of the hummingbrook which drove
the saw-mill, scantily sheltered the growing company. There
was work for all. Not even a child's hand could be idle. In
1799, Charles, then eight years of age, sawed the "laths" for
a large meeting-house still standing in Strafford. His father
rolled the logs upon the " carriage," and left the mill to the
boy till a new log needed the help again of the father's hand.
Used thus to labor and to some measure of responsibility
from childhood, Charles grew up an athletic and manly boy.
He loved sports, indeed, when he could find time for them ; he
had a quick eye with the gun, a dexterous hand with the fish-,
ing-rod, and was distinguished above all his associates on the
playing-ground for his skill and strength in wrestling and in
ball. But vigorously as he entered into such pastimes, he was
ever ready to lay them aside for the attractions of a book
or of music, of which he was ever passionately fond. The
limited resources of his father's library — though the largest
in the town — did not afford him a very wide range of reading.
There was Milton, however, and Young, as well as Baxter and
Doddridge. There, too, by some chance or other, were one or
two of Fielding's novels, over against some volumes of history.
As to the current topics of the time, the weekly newspaper
was aided in its impressions on his mind by the comments
of a father. Federal in politics, and unusually sagacious and
informed on the questions of the day.
He learned when quite a boy to play well on a drum, and
used to perform in this capacity on "general training" days
and " musters." He was his own instructor on the violoncello,
and was in frequent request to conduct the musical exercises on
occasions of Masonic and other public festivals.
Outside the circle of his own family, there were few influ-
ences in Strafford favorable to a youth's intellectual or religious
growth. The schools were irregular and the teachers incom-
petent. One to whom Charles was sent at ten years of age,
sent him back to his father with the frank avowal that the boy
was already " beyond " him. Of school-derived learning, there-
360 Charles Walker. [Ju^Y*
fore, he had little in this period of his history. At about
seventeen years of age he attended one term at the academy
in Thetford ; and subsequently he taught several " winter-
schools " himself with success.
Religious influences were even at a lower point than the edu-
cational at Strafford. A Universalist society — the same for
whose house of worship Charles had sawed the boards — held
the most frequent assemblies, presided over by a man whose
character ultimately necessitated his retirement from the
ministry. The Free-will Baptists also irregularly held wor-
ship, but their preachers were generally men of inferior cul-
ture. The church connection of Charles' mother was at Ver-
shire, seven miles distant, and to this place he not infrequently
walked upon the Sabbath, to attend a service more congenial
to his tastes than could be found at home.
Amid influences like these the childhood and youth of
Charles passed away. It was an industrious and profitable,
but not an eventful time. Full of honest work and irregular
but substantial mental activity, it left him, on his arrival at
manhood, with a legacy of good health, sound intelligence, and
correct principles.
It was with this quality and amount of furnishing, therefore,
that soon after the coming of his twenty-first birthday he set
out from home to seek his fortunes in the world. Carrying a
little trunk under his arm, holding the small sum of his earthly
stores, he travelled on foot by a circuitous route through Alba-
ny and Utica, N. Y., to Sturbridge, Mass., and Woodstock,
Conn.
Here at Woodstock he found employment in the woollen-
mills of one of his father's old friends. In this situation he
exhibited not only the industry and good judgment which had
always characterized him, but developed also a mechanical and
business sagacity which soon put the manufacturing depart-
ment entirely into his hands. Here, therefore, he continued
for about four years, increasing in the confidence of his associ-
ates, and gaining for himself besides an adequate pecuniary
recompense for his present labor, a hopeful and even flattering
prospect of future wealth.
But at this point of Mr. Walker's history he encountered
1 87 1.] Charles Walker. 361
those influences which changed the current of his life. Up to
this time he had been a sober, moral man, but had met with no
strong religious experiences. But in the spring of 18 15, when
he was twenty-four years of age, a spiritual awakening revived
the church at Woodstock. A young minister. Rev. Samuel
Backus, had recently been settled as pastor, and Mr. Walker
was one of the earliest to feel the power of the truth he
preached. What influences immediately preceded his con-
version, or by what special means his mind was arrested, it is
impossible to say. An incident which made a deep impres-
sion on him is preserved as belonging nearly to this period.
A former pastor of the Woodstock church, a man of sincere
piety but unready in conversation, met the young man one day,
and walked beside him in a public procession. For some time
he said nothing. But at length, just before they were to sepa-
rate at the end of their brief walk, he turned to him and simply
said, " Charles, I baptized you." It was soon uttered, but it
was never forgotten.
But whatever mental experiences preluded or attended the
change which came over him, there is no room to question
that it was real. The best because the most authentic clew to
the feelings which actuated him at this period, is afforded by
his own words in a document written at this time, and found
sealed after his death.
It commences thus : " On the twenty-first day of April, 1815,
on full consideration and serious reflection, I came to this reso-
lution, that whatever others do, I will serve the Lord. Ac-
cordingly, having set this day apart for a day of private fasting
and prayer, I have thought proper to enter into solemn Cove-
nant ^\\h. my Almighty Father." • • • "This day, there-
fore, with deep solemnity, I surrender myself to Thee. I re-
nounce all former dependencies and desire to give Thee myself
and all that I possess, the faculties of my mind and body, and
all my worldly possessions ; my time and my influence over
others ; to be devoted to Thee as long as Thou givest me life ;
with a humble resolution to continue Thine through time and
eternity."
It is with feelings of peculiar earnestness that another clause
of the document from which the above is only a brief extract,
362 Charles Walker. [July,
is read by his remaining family : " Should any surviving
friend, when I am in the dust, see this memorial of my solemn
transaction with Thee, may he make this engagement his own,
and may it be sanctified to his everlasting good. Be pleased,
O God, to admit such a one with me to partake of thy cov-
enant, through Jesus the great Mediator of it, to whom, with
Thee, O Father, and Thy Holy Spirit, be all the glory, honor,
and praise forever. Amen. Signed and sealed in the presence of
God and his holy Angels. — Charles Walker."
One year later this document was opened by him, and the
following entries made in it : " April 21, 18 16. One year has
elapsed since I entered into this solemn Covenant, and the
year has been crowned with goodness and loving-kindness. On
the twenty-fourth day of June last I was one of a number who
formed a Praying Society, which institution, I hope, by the
blessing of God, has been profitable to me. On Sunday, July
the second, I was permitted publicly to profess my belief in
Christ, take the vows of God upon me, and enter into covenant
with Christ's visible church."
He goes on to renew his pledge of dedication to God, and
then signing the paper as before, closes it, to be unopened
again, apparently, till fifty-four years later it was opened by
the " surviving friend."
During the year which had elapsed between the two entries
in this Covenant, Mr. Walker had made up his mind that he
would enter upon a course of study for the Christian ministry.
His expectations of large success in that work were not high,
but he had a feeling that duty called him to preach the gospel.
Accordingly, he gave up the hopeful prospects of business
which had opened to him at Woodstock, and in September,
following began a school at Cherry Valley, New York, read-
ing and studying as best he could in the intervals of teaching.
Here he remained one year. His " diary " of this period is
quite full, and is indicative of a very lowly estimate of his re-
ligious attainments. But it shows that he was constantly
active in seeking the spiritual welfare of his pupils, and in the
social meetings of the church.
At the expiration of this year, Mr. Walker left Cherry Valley,
and entered the Academy at Plainfield, N. H., then under the
1 8/ 1.] Charles Walker. 363
care of Mr. Hutchins. Here he completed his preparation for
college, fitting himself to enter the Sophomore Class at Dart-
mouth, where he intended to go.
But before leaving Plainfield, this intention to complete a col-
lege course was abandoned, at the advice of friends, and, though
reluctantly, in accordance with his own judgment. Mr. W.
was now twenty-seven years of age. He was already mature
in character and in habits of thought. It seemed advisable for
him to go directly to Andover, instead of spending three years
more, preparatory to going there.
To Andover, therefore, he went, entering the Seminary in
November, 18 18. Among his classmates, who still survive,
were Baxter Dickinson, Samuel Spring, Thomas C. Upham,
and Thomas L. Shipman, men honored and loved in the
churches. Letters from all these individuals are before the
writer of this sketch. These letters unite in bearing testimony
to the industry, ability, and piety which marked the course of
his Andover experience. Professor Upham speaks of " the
remarkably clear and sound judgment, which made the opinions
he formed on the subjects brought before him, so calm, so de-
liberate, and just, that it was never easy or safe to dissent from
him." Dr. Spring recalls the fact, that during a considerable
part of his course at Andover he was selected to conduct a
prayer-meeting at the house of Mrs. Farrar ; a signal token,
so it was regarded, of confidence in his discretion and his piety.
And Rev. Mr. Shipman says, " I have a very distinct remem-
brance that he was one of the first men in my class physically,
intellectually, and spiritually." He certainly was beloved and
trusted in an unusual degree by his instructors. The relations
subsisting between him and Professor Porter, especially, were
of the most confidential character.
All this was unexpected to Mr. Walker, who had certainly
entered upon his studies with no anticipation of making a de-
cided mark, either upon his associates or upon the world. His
utmost ambition reached only to the hope of doing a faithful,
but humble work, in some narrow corner of the Master's field.
Graduating from the Seminary in September, 1821 (after
having been licensed to preach by the Windham Association,
in Connecticut), he went immediately to New York City, and
364 Charles Walker. [July,
preached a few weeks under the direction of the Seaman's and
the Evangelical Missionary Societies in that city. Going
thence in January, 1822, to central New York, with the inten-
tion of performing some service among feeble churches in
that region, he was ordained by the Otsego Presbytery, at
Norwich, on the 27th of February. The entry in his private
diary, at this date, shows that this step was not taken without
deep feeling of its solemnity. He says : " Oh, in what a re-
sponsible position am I to be placed ! I am unfit, unworthy ;
Lord Jesus, I fly to Thee ! Give me some token of thy appro-
bation. Was any one so mean, so sinful, ever consecrated to
the work } At this time, O Lord, forsake me not."
Prevented by some adverse circumstances from remaining
in New York, Mr. W. went from thence to Lebanon, N. H.,
where he supplied the pulpit three months. Here he records
in his journal the feelings with which he administered for the
first time the ordinances of the Supper and Baptism.
It was while preaching at Lebanon, that " repeated invita-
tions " came to him to go to Rutland, Vt., in the capacity of a
candidate for the vacant pulpit there. He consented with
considerable reluctance, for his diary indicates that he did not
think a strongly evangelic preacher would be very welcome.
It was on the 14th of July that he first preached in that place.
Receiving in October a call to settle, he gave in November an
affirmative reply ; and on the 2d of January, 1823, was installed
pastor. Dr. Bates, of Middlebury College, preached on the
occasion, from i Tim. 3 : i.
Rutland, which was now to be the scene of Mr. Walker's
work for the next ten years, was an important, but not alto-
gether promising field. The " county town," it was the home
of a good many public men and intelligent citizens ; but the
Christian people among them were few, and the prevailing in-
fluences of the place were adverse to religion. Only three
men in the village were members of the church, and the entire
number scattered over the parish was but small.
Rev. Dr. Ball, Mr. Walker's bachelor predecessor in the
pastorate, was a man of considerable culture, but somewhat
indefinite in his preaching. Doubtless a good man, he was
not, however, characterized by much fervency of piety. Prayer-
1 8/ 1.] Charles Walker. 365
meetings were not held. Some leading men of the place were
openly immoral. The occasions of " Court Sessions " drew
together a large body of lawyers and other prominent citizens
of the region, almost none of whom had any sympathy with
orthodox doctrine or Christian principles.
Among the few exceptions to this general rule, Mr. W. always
used to refer gladly to the late Senator Collamer, then a young
lawyer of Woodstock, Vt., whose presence, when he was in
Rutland, always strengthened the little prayer-meeting which
the new pastor immediately established.
In this condition of affairs, great prudence was demanded.
But, though always prudent, Mr. Walker was never a com-
promiser. He was not a man to entertain half-convictions, or
to hold back anything he deemed essential to the truth.
His preaching began to arrest attention. It is not surprising
that it also awakened some displeasure. But there was nothing
in the man for an objector to get hold of His sincerity was
so obvious, and his conduct so exemplary, that those who dis-
liked the doctrine most, could find no fault with the preacher.
Very soon he began to see the results of his labor. He writes
in his diary under date of January i, 1824 : " One year has
passed away. Blessed be God for some evidence that my
ministry has been useful. Thanks be to Him who has the
hearts of all men in his hands, that a few have been made to
bow."
It was in this first year of Mr. W.'s settlement at Rutland,
that he entered into that relationship, — so important in its
bearing upon any man's usefulness, but most of all, perhaps,
upon a minister's, — the relationship of marriage. Miss Lucre-
tia Ambrose, eldest daughter of Stephen Ambrose, Esq., a
prominent citizen of Concord, N. H., became his wife Sept. 22,
1823. It is only necessary to say, that all the subsequent years
of his life were but a testimony to the wisdom of his choice.
Whatever of strength or success marked the after course of his
ministry is to be attributed, in no little measure, to the support
and help afforded by a companion remarkably clear in intellect
and strong in character, as well as tender in affection and in
piety.
The years went by at Rutland full of labor and success. The
366 Charles Walker. [July,
pastor won his way to his people's love, and to commanding
influence. He was efficient in promoting the cause of educa-
tion and of temperance. He became deeply interested in the
welfare of Burr Seminary, an academic institution at Manches-
ter, Vt., designed by its founder especially to prepare men for
College, who looked towards the ministry. He was one of the
Trustees of this Seminary, and for many years President of its
Board.
He advocated total abstinence in days when its advocacy
was both novel and unwelcome. He enlisted warmly in the
efforts for the evangelization of the new and destitute sections
of the State. As one of the Directors of the Vermont Do-
mestic Missionary Society, and for two years its Correspond-
ing Secretary, he exercised a careful watch over the interests
of this field. He became intimately acquainted with the wants
of the feeble members of the Vermont churches, and was never
weary in efforts to supply their need.
Recognizing the importance, as one means towards this end,
of a greater feeling of unity between the ministers and churches
of the State, Mr. Walker helped earnestly in originating and
sustaining the Vermont Chronicle, which in its earlier history
was one of the best religious papers ever published in this
country. One of its first editors has remarked, since Mr.
Walker's death, that more help was derived from him in start-
ing and carrying on the Chronicle, than from any other man.
The cause of Foreign Missions, also, found in him a de-
voted and even enthusiastic advocate. There was something
striking, not to say singular, in his loyalty, especially to the
Monthly Concert of prayer. In his old age, after his retire-
ment from the ministry, he used sometimes to speak with
peculiar satisfaction of his constancy of attendance on these
meetings, never having " missed but three or four " from the
beginning. Whenever possible, he was present at the meet-
ings of the A. B. C. F. M., of which, for many years, he was a
corporate member.
Meanwhile, from time to time, periods of marked religious
interest gave encouragement to his special work in Rutland.
These culminated in the great revival, remembered there as
having almost transformed the moral character of the place.
1 8/ 1.] Charles Walker. 367
This occurred in the years 183 1-2. As the fruit of this awak-
ening, many of the oldest and foremost citizens who had hitherto
been unreached, were converted and brought into the church.
An impress was made then on the character of the place which
is distinct to this day. Out from the formahsm and decadence
in which the church was found ten years before, it had arisen
to be, from that time, one of the most active and influential
of the churches of Vermont. Two hundred and thirty-five
persons had been admitted to the fellowship, a great proportion
of whom were heads of families.
The labors by which this result had been, instrumentally
accomplished proved, however, to be too great even for Mr.
Walker's vigorous frame. He was attacked with a bronchial
disease, — a form of trouble then comparatively rare and little
understood. It was with an almost despairing heart he saw
himself laid aside from work in the very midst of a continued
revival of religion. But so completely was he incapacitated,
that he deemed it his duty on the i6th of April, 1832, to resign
his charge. The people were unwilling to sever the relation-
ship. Nor was it till March 13th of the following year that
they consented to the termination of a connection which his
continued ill-health required to be broken off.
Forced thus to abandon the pulpit for a time, Mr. Walker
consented to take charge of a seminary just established at
Castleton, Vt. He remained in this position one year. The
year was a prosperous one for the new institution, and, in a
small way, pecuniarily to himself. He mentions in a letter
written in 1864, just at the close of his ministry, that the only
money he had " ever been able to save since being a minister,
was between five and six hundred dollars gained in one year's
service as principal of the seminary at Castleton." Better than
this was the regaining of his voice. The residence at Castle-
ton was, however, made chiefly memorable to his family by the
death there of two of his children — his eldest, a boy of nine
years, and his fourth, a daughter of sixteen months.
With the restoration of his power of public speech, Mr.
Walker's thoughts reverted at once to the minister's proper .
work. Most of the summer of 1834 he spent in Boston sup-
plying the Pine Street Church, In November of the same
368 Charles Walker. [July,
year he accepted a call to the pastorate of the church in Brat-
tleboro', Vt. The installation services took place January i,
1835. Rev. Dr. Child, of Pittsford, preaching, as Mr. W,
writes in his diary, " a particularly instructive and powerful
sermon from 2 Cor. 2: 15, 16." This was Mr. Walker's
second pastorate. But experience had diminished nothing
of his accustomed sense of dependence and insufficiency. He
writes in his diary, " Lord prepare me for the service required
in this place. I am again to be solemnly set as pastor of a
church of Christ. Here is a congregation comprising an un-
usual number of men, and of young men. May I have skill
and faithfulness in the prosecution of my work. Saviour be
with me to-day, and make me honest and earnest in this dedi-
cation."
Mr. Walker's pastorate at Brattleboro' continued till Febru-
ary II, 1846. The period was an important one in the history
of that church. It was largely by his foresight and efforts that
the congregation was induced to take down the house of wor-
ship in which he was installed, and to rebuild it in a more con-
venient portion of the village. One hundred and fifty-five
persons were added to the church during this pastorate.
The circumstances of his dismissal from Brattleboro*,
after a little more than eleven years' service, were such as
give the event something more than the general notoriety
in the severing of pastoral relationships. Mr. Walker had
preached a sermon upon the subject of Temperance, in the
course of which he had animadverted upon the responsibility
of those who let buildings for the sale of alcoholic drinks. This
portion of his discourse was sorely felt by some of his congre-
gation, whose property arrangements were of the character
spoken of. Several of them threatened to withdraw from the
society. This the pastor was not willing to allow. He antici-
pated that such a step would result in the formation of a society
of another order, movements towards which had already been
indicated. He therefore resolved to retire. Though sustained
almost unanimously by the church, he thought, and thought
. wisely, that harmony would be promoted in the congregation
by his removal.
He withdrew in so obvious a spirit of loyalty to the best
1 8; I.] Charles Walker. 3^9
interests of the society, that even those who were most of-
fended by his discourse, were disarmed of hostihty. His oc-
casional returns to Brattleboro' were welcome to all His own
feeling toward them is sufficiently indicated by this extract
from his private journal, written on the evening after his dis-
mission : " And now may the Saviour take care of this flock,
and give them another and better minister. Perhaps my re-
moval may be the means of saving some. Oh, that it might !
I can trust the Lord to take care of me and mine." The ser-
mon which occasioned all this, was published and circulated
very extensively through Vermont and elsewhere.
Mr. Walker was now fifty-five years of age. His ministerial
life had been spent almost wholly in Vermont, and among the
churches of that State he was universally known and respected.
It was this fact mainly which induced him to decline a call to
Griswold, Conn., which was given in the summer of 1846, and
to accept one from the church in Pittsford, Vt.
He had not preached at Pittsford for many years, but he was
well known there from his exchanges, when formerly residing
at Rutland. He began his ministry at this place on the 2d of
August, 1 846, but was not installed till December 2d follow-
ing. His younger brother. Rev. Dr. Aldace Walker, then of
West Rutland, preached the sermon.
In anticipation of this new settlement, Mr. Walker seems to
have had some feelings of despondency. He writes in his
diary : " I have had many shrinkings in view of assuming
another pastoral charge. The times are difficult. The long-
continued spiritual drought, and the coming into the churches
of many new things, causing divisions ; and the unwilHngness
of many to hear the old-fashioned truths, render the minister's
situation exceedingly trying. Probably such shrinking is wrong.
I ought to trust in the Lord. I shall try to do so. But still I
cannot help feeling a sort of reluctance which I have never felt
before."
Perhaps his feelings were somewhat intensified by the fact
that the church at Pittsford was not, at the time of his settle-
ment there, in a very harmonious state. The dismission of his
predecessor had not been without some alienations among the
membership, and a peculiar and protracted case of church
370 Charles Walker. [July,
discipline had almost torn the church in two. Under these
circumstances, it was not a weak or a rash man who could
have steered a straight course. But the pastor did it. Spite
of some influences, trying and adverse, he did a faithful and
useful work ; and under his wise guidance, old difficulties
were removed and unity of feeling reestablished.
From the first, Mr. Walker looked upon Pittsford as his last
home. He did not intend to enter on another ministry. He
therefore purchased a house, as he says, "with the money
saved in the school at Castleton, and its own legitimate in-
crease," and settled down in it with the expectation of its being
his last earthly abode. He planted a small orchard and culti-
vated a little garden, in which he found both pleasure and
recreation. He had, throughout his life, a taste for the soil.
He loved to watch the growth of his trees. Before he left it,
his house, which stood shelterless when he entered it, was
covered with the shade of maples large enough to be tapped for
sugar ; and the small wisps of the orchard came to furnish
many a barrel of apples for winter use.
His health was still good, and his labors earnest and constant.
Never was he more regular in his studies, or more constant in
the composition of sermons. He held meetings in the out-
districts of the town ; he worked with all the earnestness, if
perhaps with less of the hopefulness, of his first years. And
not without substantial results. In a scattered, and not a
growing community, he gathered fifty-five souls into the fellow-
ship of the church.
The problem how to make the ends of the year meet, was
at Pittsford, as it had been at Brattleboro', often a difficult
one to solve. But he would never be in debt. Nor would he
condescend to escape debt by appealing to the occasional help
of his people. He had a quiet, but sturdy, independence of
feeling, which preferred a poorer loaf for which he was indebted
to no one, to a better one got by solicited kindness. In the
solution of questions of this quality, — questions which arise
often in the households of many ministers, — Mr. Walker was
largely dependent on the skill and wisdom of his wife. Indeed,
had it not been for her, it is difficult to see how a tolerable
solution could have been reached at all. As it was, home was
1 8/ 1.] Charles Walker. 371
ever attractive to its inmates, and hospitality was a part of its
religion.
But years went by, and the pastor grew old. He had long
cherished the determination to resign his pastorate on arriving
at seventy years of age. He preferred to take the initiative
into his own hands, and not to go on till failing faculties or
breaking health should impair his judgment, or make his people
impatient for a change. Punctual to his purpose, he offered
his resignation on the 13th of January, 1861, to take effect on
the first of the following month, the anniversary of his birth.
Yielding to his earnestly expressed wish, the congregation
so far acceded to his desire, as to accept his nominal resigna-
tion, but unanimously requested him not to call a council to
carry the dissolution into effect, but to continue to preach as
before. About four years more, therefore, he continued in the
regular performance of all pastoral service. But in the late
autumn of 1864, yielding to the solicitations of his children,,
who felt that he ought to be relieved, of the burden, he re-
quested the church to unite with him in bringing his suspended
resignation to a result. The dismission took place December
6th, and put to an end a ministry in Pittsford, which had con-
tinued about eighteen years and six months.
Having now traced the main outline of his history, — so that
there is left, to be hereafter adverted to, only a few years of
comparatively retired life following the close of his active min-
istry, — it seems proper to present a just estimate of his
characteristics as a man and a minister.
Dr. Walker was. endowed by nature with a mind of vigorous
and substantial power. Not a brilliant thinker, he was clear,
consecutive, and strong. Few men saw better than he did
the main points on which the truth of an argument depended.
Few men could put those points into statements more simple,
logical, and convincing.
His intellect was healthful. There was nothing morbid, still
less sentimental, in his constitution. The robustness of his
physical health, as well as the practical character of his early
training, contributed, doubtless, to this sound quality of his
mental action.
This characteristic gave his judgment great weight. He was
372 Charles Walker. [July,
a man strong for counsel. In the decision of vexed questions
of controversy in ecclesiastical or social matters, his verdict
was pretty certain to be right. His conclusions wore well.
Hence, few men were oftener called into requisition when
difficulties arose in the churches. His service upon councils
was no small or unimportant part of his work.
Without being a strenuous or intense thinker, his mind was
active, and retained its alertness to the last. He lived in his
age. He looked with always interested eye upon the progress
of affairs in state and society. He read history for its lessons
of practical and present instruction. He had definite opinions
in politics. He applied the principles of the gospel to public
affairs. Hence, his occasional discourses, drawn out by events
in the social or political world, were always instructive and
interesting.
As a sermonizer in the general field of religious truth, he
was marked by some signal merits. His style of composition
was singularly clear and chaste. He wrote good English. No
one ever mistook his meaning. In the choice of his topics he
was not novel or particularly striking, but he v/as discriminat-
ing and judicious. His presentation of a theme was seldom
marked by dramatic vividness, never by eccentric peculiarity,
butit was always cogent, substantial, and effective, both by
weight of thought and expression. He preached on the chief
things. The stress of his sermonizing was on the main mat-
ters. The things most important in experience were the things
he thought of most, and spoke of oftenest. He did not preach
a great deal about the " clouds," or the " dew-eyed flowers."
Still less did he preach about the " mysteries," the " abysses,"
or the " infinities." He preached about sin and salvation ;
righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come. And he
did it simply, boldly, powerfully. He did it in a way to make
his hearers understand that when he spoke of " sin," he meant
their sin ; when he spoke of "judgment," it was a judgment to
which they were bound.
This directness and effectiveness of address was aided by a
pulpit manner in a high degree impressive. Dr. Walker was a
large, dignified, handsome man ; a man whose presence com-
manded respect and attention. His voice was penetrating and
1 87 1.] Charles Walker. 373
powerful. It. was also expressive of tender and strong emo-
tions. So that in his more earnest passages of utterance he
held his hearers in an intense and solemn grasp.
His sermons were no by-play to him. They were a very
serious part of his business. He wrote always as well as he
could. One who knew him well expresses the belief that " his
preaching continued to improve till he was sixty-five at least."
In his social character, he was genial and affectionate.
Not a great talker, he was fond of good conversation. He
was loved by all children. He was generous in his estimate
of others. He was unenvious, charitable, sympathetic. The
success of others pleased him. He rejoiced in seeing the good
points in people. He thought that young ministers could
preach well. He did not think wisdom was dead, or the world
growing worse all the time.
But perhaps the most characteristic trait of Mr. Walker was
his simplicity. He was a man utterly incapable oi finesse or
duplicity. His motives were single and transparent. When he
assigned a reason for his actions, there was no question that it
was just the reason and the whole of it. His nature was of
that unity that it " moved altogether if it moved at all." Few
men ever carried such demonstration of sincerity in all they
did. Of exceedingly few could it be said with equal truth,
he was a man in whom there was " no guile."
All this leaves a wrong impression, if the conclusion be not
this, that Mr. Walker's chief strength was his character. A
man of intellect and power of utterance, of respectable learn-
ing and skill in his profession, he was more and better than
that. He was a man of character. As one has well said of
him : " He was one of those men whose lives preach. By this
I do not mean simply that he was consistent. But that he was
a person superior to any expression he could make of himself.
His character was of more account in the world than his
knowledge."
The sources of this indescribable quality or possession we call
character, were partly natural, partly derived. Naturally, he
was simple, guileless, earnest ; but by grace, he was devout,
humble, Christian. No one could be with him and not see that
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. J. 25
374 Charles Walker. [Jul}''
it was " in gcdly sincerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the
grace of God," that he had his " conversation in the world."
His printed publications were few. He wrote little for
the press, except for the Chronicle, in its early history. The
following is probably nearly a correct list : i. A sermon
preached at Brandon, Vt., on the sixth anniversary of the
Northwestern branch of the American Educational Society,
January ii, 1826. 2. An election sermon preached before
the General Assembly of Vermont, at Montpelier, October,
1829. 3. Two sermons in the National Preacher, Nos. 120,
and 172. 4. Tract 494 of the New York Tract Society, en-
titled " The Spirit of Christ Exemplified in Labors for the Con-
version of the World." 5. Two small books entitled, respect-
ively, " Faith," and " Repentance, explained to the understand-
ing of Youth." Thes. were first published by Richards %l
Tracy, at the Vermont Chronicle office, and afterwards adopted
and issued by the American Tract Society. Both have had a
wide circulation, and " Faith " has been translated and pub-
lished in the Mahratta language, and " Repentance " into the
Armenian. 6. A " Complete list of Congregational Churches
and Ministers in Windham Co., Vt., from its first Settlement
to 1840," an article published in the American Quarterly Reg-
ister, 1840, vol. 13, pp. 29-34. 7. A sermon on Temperance*
preached at Brattleboro', Vt. in 1845.
Mr. Walker received the honorary degree of A. m. from the
University of Vermont, in 1823 ; and from Middlebury and
Dartmouth Colleges in 1825; and that of d. d. from the
University of Vermont in 1847. He was elected one of the
Corporation of Middlebury College in 1837, and of the Ameri-
can Board of Foreign Missions in 1838. His services in both
these functions were interested and regular.
In his family relations, he must be regarded as fortunate.
Two of his children were indeed taken away in childhood ;
but four others survived him, and he lived to see them
established in honorable positions in life. His wife, also, — of
whom he writes, " She has been a helpmeet indeed. Whatever
of influence, standing and success I have had in the ministry,
is due greatly to her" — still lives. The names of his children
are as follows: i. Charles Ambrose, died August 12, 1833,
1 87 1.] Charles Walker. 375
ae. 9 years. 2. Anne Ambrose, wife of Rev. Dr. Geo. N.
Boardman, of Binghamton, N. Y. 3. George Leon, pastor of
the First Church, New Haven, Conn. 4. Lucretia, died July
18, 1833, ae. 16 mos. 5. Stephen Ambrose, a lawyer, in New
York city. 6. Henry Freeman, a physician, also in New
York.
It only remains to give a brief account of Dr. Walker's clos-
ing years, after his retirement from the labors of a pastoral
charge. The winter following his withdrawal from duty at
Pittsford, in the autumn of 1864, he spent with his daughter at
Binghamton, N. Y., returning to his own home in the spring.
The following year he passed at Portland, Maine ; the death
of the wife of his son George — then a pastor in that city —
having made it needful to have Mrs. Walker's presence in the
bereaved home. Returning to Pittsford in the autumn of 1866,
he resided there till November, 1868, making in turn a home
for his son, whose health had failed at Portland, and for the two
motherless grandchildren. His son's health being improved,
and he being about to resume the duties of a pastorate, Dr.
Walker accompanied him to New Haven, and gave him the
charge at his installation ; this being the last time Dr. Walker
ever entered a pulpit. Going from New Haven, he passed the
winter at Binghamton, returning again to Pittsford in the
spring. The following winter also, 1869-70, he spent in the
same place, returning as before to his own home with the
opening year.
A good deal of changefulness is thus seen to have marked
the last years of Dr. Walker's history. For one so regular
and quiet as he had been for most of his life, the alteration was
considerable. Perhaps it contributed to his vivacity and his
health. Certainly never was he more genial a companion, or
more interested an observer of public or religious affairs, than
in this period of his history. Nothing of querulousness or
despondency clouded his advancing age. The burden of years
might indeed somewhat weigh down the flesh, but it never
impaired the elasticity of his mind or his spirits.
Rarely is it permitted any one to see so beautiful an old age.
Both at Portland and at Binghamton, he was received with a
welcome into the hearts of the people, which was a spontaneous
3/6 Charles Walket. [July,
tribute to his manifest godliness of character and loveliness of
spirit.
When he rose, as he often did, in the social meeting, or,
occasionally, in the earlier part of this period, in the pulpit, his
demeanor and aspect arrested attention and won admiration
from the merest stranger. Dignified always, he was majestic
and beautiful in his age. His words were simple, and generally
few. He had nothing of the prolixity of many days. His
prayers were never more various in theme ; more direct,
definite, and rich, than in these latest years. The social meet-
ings, both at Binghamton and Portland, were quickened and
helped by his presence.
It was during this period, also, that Dr. Walker sustained that
always somewhat trying experience, the settlement of a suc-
cessor. In his case, the experience was a repeated one. Two
occupants of his old pulpit were welcomed by him to their
work between his removal from ofifice and his removal by death.
And they were welcomed. He had no envy of their success.
He rejoiced in every indication of their welfare. He had that
grace sometimes accounted rare, the grace of being a good
parishioner in what had been his own parish. Uniting himself
by letter with the church he had long served as minister, he
did what he could to encourage the work and strengthen the
influence of the young men who stood in his place.
Much of the happiness of this later period of his life grew
out of the great warmth of his family affections. One who
had opportunity to observe, thus writes : " His regard for his
children was of the tenderest kind. He was not blind to their
faults in childhood, but had no fault to find with them in
maturer life. Their respect for him, their pride in him, their
pleasure in his happiness were all that he could wish. His
happiness in his family was, I think, the highest earthly bless-
ing God bestowed on him." The last entry in Dr. Walker's
journal, which in later years he kept quite irregularly, will well
illustrate his state of feeling. It bears date, " February ist,
1868. This day completes seventy-seven years of my life in
this world. An old man ! Not indeed tottering with feeble-
ness, but unable to endure the efforts of former days. Shall I
complain ? By no means. God hath dealt kindly with me
1 8/ 1.] Charles Walker. 377
all my days. He deals kindly now. I have many comforts,
personal, domestic, social, religious. Bless the Lord, O my
soul."
Growing old thus cheerfully and serenely. Dr. Walker came
to the autumn of 1870. His health had been unusually good
during September and October, and he looked forward with
satisfaction to the idea of another winter at Binghamton. He
left Pittsford in November for that place. Arriving there he
was immediately sensible of a pressure upon the lungs, the
result doubtless of a cold taken upon the journey. For some
days he was deceived, thinking it an attack of asthma to which,
throughout most of his life, he had occasionally been subject.
But the increase of the disease speedily convinced him that the
time of his departure had come. He manifested no trepidation,
nor was he, on the contrary, exultant. He was characteristically
quiet, trustful, serene. His wife and three of his children were
with him in the last hours. He sank gradually and easily, re-
taining consciousness and peacefulness to the end, dying on
the morning of November 28, 1870, aged 79 years, 10 months,
28 days.
In his Covenant, written fifty -four years before, and to which
reference has several times been made in this memorial sketch,
he had said : " And when I shall come to the borders of the
grave, even when the solemn hour of death arrives, may I re-
member this Thy Covenant, well ordered in all things and
sure, though every other hope and enjoyment is perishing :
and do Thou, O God, remember it too ! Look down at that
trying time, O my Heavenly Father, upon Thy languishing
child. Comfort me in those distressing moments, and receive
me to Thy everlasting embrace."
The prayer uttered so long before was answered. The God
he had served so sincerely was with him to the end.
Twelve days after his leaving Pittsford for his expected
winter home, his family started to bear back thither his remains
for burial. A large attendance of the leading citizens of Bing-
hamton accompanied the body to the train. Arrived at Pitts-
ford, the people among whom he had lived received the charge
with all the delicacy and tenderness of sorrow that could
characterize the loss of parent or dearest friend.
378 Charles Walker. [July,
The funeral services were attended November 30, from the
church in which he had preached for many years. The draped
house and the crowded room were but tokens of a grief as
general as it was sincere. Mr. Hall, the young pastor of the
church, and Rev. Joseph Steele, an old personal friend, con-
ducted the exercises.
The body was borne to the beautiful burial-place, situated in
the midst of one of the most attractive landscapes New Eng-
land knows. At the dedication of that cemetery, thirteen
years before, he had offered the consecrating prayer. To it
had been gathered many of those to whom his words had been
instruction and life. There, among them, he was laid. And
he left behind him the memory of a simple, strong, and good
man, and a faithful minister of Jesus Christ.
George Leon Walker.
New Haven, Ct.
DESCRIPTION OF A MINISTER.
He was a shepherd, and no mercenary,
And though he holy was, and virtuous,
He was to sinful men full piteous ;
His words were strong, but not with anger fraught ;
A love benignant he discreetly taught.
To draw mankind to Heaven by gentleness
And good example, was his business.
But if that any one were obstinate,
"Whether he were of high or low estate,
Him would he sharply check with altered mien ;
A better parson there was nowhere seen.
He paid no court to pomp and reverence,
Nor spiced his conscience at his soul's expense ;
But Jesus' love, which owns no pride or pelf,
He taught, — but first he followed it himself
Chaucer.
1 8/ 1.] A New Field for Councils. 379
A NEW FIELD FOR COUNCILS.
It is a singular fact that the most criticised feature of Con-
gregationahsm, is the one most highly prized by its friends, viz.,
its elasticity. The lack of definiteness, the carelessness of prec-
edent, the absence of binding forms 'and rules, are the very
points in the system we most value. Making much of the
spirit and substance, and little of the letter and form, we like
a system in which spirit and substance take the precedence
of letter and form. We believe in a system in which the spirit
gives the form, rather than in any system in which an unyield-
ing form cramps the spirit. When we are charged with loose-
ness, or inconsistency in our actions, we say, " look to their
spirit for unity and consistency." When anything plainly
needs to be done, we find a way to do it, and whether with,
without, or contrary to precedent, it is still Congregational, if
the free action of the church is preserved.
Under the lead of these thoughts, we wish to suggest a new
field for the action of councils. So far, the action of councils
has been, for the most part, limited to advice in the settlement
and dismission of pastors, in aiding churches and pastors in
difficulty, and to the religious services by which the formation
of a new church is recognized. We propose to carry the action
of the council one step farther back, and let it advise upon the
expediency of forming new churches. In other words, when a
part of the membership of a church propose to go out and
form a new church, or when individual members of several
churches unite in an enterprise having in view the formation
of a church, let a council be called to consider the proposed
measure before any decisive action whatever, and give advice
that shall be duly regarded. Also, if a church in a city has
occasion to rebuild in another locality, let it seek the advice of
a council of the other churches in the city, and properly heed
such advice.
The grounds upon which a church asks the advice of
council are two : the gravity of the question, and the fact
that the interests of other churches are involved. For ex-
ample, a church proposes to ordain and install a pastor ; it is
380 A New Field for Councils. [July,
so important a matter that the church asks its sister churches
to aid it in examining and deciding upon the fitness of the
candidate ; it is also a matter of concern to these churches that
the new pastor should be a good and fit man. In general, it is
the importance of the issue that is the reason of the council.
If this is so, then any question equal in importance to the
settlement of a pastor, and any question involving the interests
of neighboring churches, ought, foi; the same reason, to be re-
ferred to a council. But it scarcely needs to be said that the
formation of a new church, either by colonization from one
church, or by aggregation from several, is a far graver question
than the settlement of a pastor. It is also evident, that the
locality of a new church is a far more serious matter to neigh-
boring churches than the temporary pastorate of any minis-
ter. Hence, we claim that these, of all others, are the very
questions to be referred to a council.
It is easy to see why they have not been so referred in the
past, or only formally referred. The precedent that has been
followed was established before the population in New Eng-
land had centred in cities. Every town or village had its
church, and it was hardly possible that a question should arise
as to the location of its edifice which should affect other churches.
The sparseness and the distance between the centres of popu-
lation rendered it nearly impossible that any collision of interests
between churches should take place. And so, in the true
spirit of Congregationalism, no advice being needed, none was
asked or given, except in a formal way. When a new town
was settled, the formation of a church followed as a matter of
course, and the council was not called until all the prelimi-
naries had been arranged, and the church was ready for formal
organization ; when it was too late to advise other than a for-
ward movement. But the growth of cities, and the formation of
new churches in them, introduce a question that does not answer
itself There is no more important matter for these churches
to consider than the formation and location of new churches.
But instead of broad and orderly consideration, it has been
largely left to caprice and individual management, sometimes
dictated by the most unworthy motives. The reasons for form-
ing a new church are often such as no council would approve.
1 8/ 1.] A New Field for Cottncils. 381
A portion of the membership of a church become wearied or
dissatisfied with the pastor, and, unable to remove him, remove
themselves, without any reference to the general interests of
the body. Or, there is a feud in the church, and separation
becomes easier than reconciliation, which indeed may be well
if they separate as widely as did Paul and Barnabas ; but too
frequently they keep within a stone's throw of each other, and
change their feud into rivalry and sharp competition. Or, the
younger and more active portion withdraw from the older and
sedater part, caring little what becomes of those left. Or, a
withdrawal takes place on the ground of " elective affinity "
(we could name a case in which this was the avowed principle),
with the result of an insulted church and a snobbish church.
Or, a place is desired for some remarkable preacher, and forth-
with a church is started by his admirers.
After going out upon such unchristian and un-churchly
grounds as these, the choice of a location is frequently made
with but little regard to the interests of the church left, and to
those of the churches in the neighborhood of which it plants
itself It is safe to say that there is scarcely a city in New
England in which the Congregational churches are wisely
located with reference to each other. On the contrary, an utter
disregard of each other seems to have prevailed. They pur-
chase available lots, or crowd together in fashionable sections,
and almost universally seek convenience for their present mem-
bers, instead of striking for some outlying district destitute of
church privileges, — a mode of evangelization somewhat differ-
ent from that indicated in the Acts. And very different, also,
is it from the wise policy of the Methodists in New York, who
have districted the entire city, from the Battery to Central Park,
and from river to river, placing churches at given intervals,
whether there was a Methodist population in the vicinity or
not, and allowing no other church of their order to be built
within the prescribed district.
What the Methodists do by ecclesiastical law, we ought to
do through the spirit of Congregational fellowship. It is little
gain to Christ's cause, or to our denomination, to build up one
church at the expense of another ; and it is only a degree less
unchristian to locate a church for the mere convenience of the
proprietors.
382 A New Field for Councils. [July,
It is difficult to write convincingly upon the subject without
citing ilkistrations ; but for obvious reasons this cannot be done.
They will present themselves to the minds of all whose atten-
tion is turned towards the subject. We see churches crowding
each other, churches thrust in among others without reason or
excuse, churches sapping the life of their neighbors, churches
wiped out of existence without other sanction than the judg-
ment of " leading men," churches plunging into inextricable
debt, and so bringing contempt upon the whole body. In
short, churches every day are taking steps of the very greatest
importance to themselves and to the denomination, without a
thought that these are the matters of all others that ought to
be laid before a council. When the step has been decided
upon, a lot purchased, contracts have been made, and retro-
gression is impossible, a council is called to advise upon the
formation of the new church, and the council acquiesces in
the movement almost as a matter of necessity. In place of
this usual course, we urge that a council should be called be-
fore any decisive steps whatever have been taken, to which shall
be referred the whole matter, with the understanding that its
advice is to be allowed its due weisfht. Let it be understood
that churches are to originate in, and are to be guided as far as
practicable in all important movements by, the deliberative
wisdom of the churches assembled in council.
There is no practical question before the denomination that
so imperatively demands its consideration as this of the forma-
tion and location of new churches. It is the one respect of all
others in which the interests of neighboring churches are most
concerned. They have a Congregational right to say whether
or not a new church should be formed in the midst of them, and
whether or not the location of a church already formed should
be changed to the probable detriment of any other church.
To the council we must look for the wise conservation of the
interests of the body ; and the history of councils in New Eng-
land certainly assures us that we would not look in vain. Care-
fulness, breadth of view, and conscientiousness, are their almost
unfailing characteristics. Had the matter before us been re-
ferred to councils during the last half century, rather than
left to the caprice of " leading men," and the prejudice of
1 87 1.] The Power of Calling Councils. 383
factions, and the ignorance of unguided zeal, the numbers,
efficiency, and mutual relations of the churches in our cities
would have presented a better record and condition than they
can now show.
Among the results of the course here recommended, we
might expect that new church enterprises would more frequently
originate with the churches in their organic capacity, rather
than be left to individual zeal, and that the churches initiated
and established by neighboring churches, would receive, in time
of need, the fostering care of those who shared in the respon-
sibility of originating them. Thus the fellowship of the
churches would be realized in significant and material co-
operation.
T. T. MUNGER.
Lawrence, Mass.
THE POWER OF CALLING COUNCILS.
Samuel Mather, in his " Apology for the Liberties of the
Churches," after considering the right and duty of churches to
admonish a " scandalous " church, says : —
" If this Disciplinaiy MetJiod be not carefully obse7'ved, these
Churches have no Remedy at all against male-Administrations in
particular CJmrches : For I cannot find, that by the Constitu-
tion of these Churches the Power of calling Cotincils belongs to
any particular Persons in them, but to the Churches themselves :
So that, according to this Constitution, if there be male-Ad-
ministration in any partictilar Church, the Aggrieved Members of
it may not convoke such Assemblies : But they should desire the
Advice and Assistance of a Neighbour Church : And, unless
one particular Church interpose in this State of Things and en-
quire into the Case in the Way of Communion by Admonition,
particular CJiurcJies may remain at eternal Vanance within
themselves without our showing our Dislike of their Proceedings :
For there is no other Process that we know of in the published
Order of our Churches, by which we can testify against them,
but in this Disciplinary Method."
384 ' The Language of the Pulpit. [July,
THE LANGUAGE OF THE PULPIT.^
Paul wrote to the Corinthians, " Seeing then that we have
such hope, we use great plainness of speech" (2 Cor. iii. 12) ;
and in the whole chapter he sets forth the nature and impor-
tance of the Christian ministry. Indeed, this is the design and
bearing of a large portion of this epistle ; and as he found
occasion to refer to the Mosaic dispensation, he enters into a
particular illustration of the superior excellence of the Christian
dispensation over that of Moses. One was the ministration
of death, — denounced death for transgression, and made no
provision for escape ; the other was the ministration of life,
disclosed and provided the way of salvation. One was engraven
on stone, and consisted very much in external forms and
rites ; the other was the ministration of the Spirit, — spiritual
in its nature and design, and comprised more especially the
gift and agency of the Holy Spirit. One was Obscure, and
what light it afforded shone out dimly through signs and sym-
bols ; while the other was free from all this darkness. And
though the former ministration was glorious, and was attended
with remarkable splendor and magnificence externally, yet the
latter immeasurably exceeded in real glory, because it con-
tained and made known the way and means of saving the soul.
This was the ministration of righteousness, that arrangement
and plan which secures the justification of transgressors be-
fore God ; and while the others had passed away, this was to
last to the end of time : —
" But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in
stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not
steadfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his coun-
tenance ; which glory was to be done away ; How shall not
the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious.'' For if the
ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the
ministration of righteousness exceed in glory. For even
that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by
reason of the glory that excelleth. For if that which was
done away was glorious, much more that which remaineth is
glorious."
' This article is from the unpublished papers of the late Rev. A. W. Burnham,
D. D., of Keene, N. H.
1 8/ 1.] The Language of the Pidpit. 3^5
" Seeing then that we have siicJi hope, we use great plainness
of speech."
Paul speaks thus of himself and his fellow-laborers as minis-
ters of the gospel ; and the sentiment I derive from the ex-
pression is, That in imparting religious instruction, ministers
sho7{ld nse plainness of speech.
The term plain, or plainness, is employed in several applica-
tions, and where used in reference to speech, or any form of
communication by language, it has two general senses : one is
opposition to obscurity, the other indicating a bold and faithful
declaration of what is undertaken to set forth.
A minister should use plainness in language ^xv^ whole style
of communication.
That is to say, he should utter himself always so as to be
understood without a moment's unpleasant effort on the part
of the hearer to apprehend his meaning. Avoiding the oppo-
site extremes of terms and phrases, and construction of sen-
tences so low and common as to be beneath the position he
holds, and the nature of his work, and far-fetched and unusual
words derived from foreign languages, and complicated, unnat-
ural forms of composition, he should use pure English words
which belong to his mother tongue ; and not only such, but
words in good use, and in the sense and acceptance strictly in
which they are received and applied by approved usage.
Obscurity may result from either of the ways here referred
to. The words may be unusual ; those to which the audi-
tory are not accustomed ; or they may be used out of their
common application ; or the sentences may be encumbered
with long and learned terms, or so trimmed around with
figures and flowers, or thrown into such a shape that the
meaning shall not be readily perceived, or not all apprehended.
Ornament, figures of speech, illustrations drawn from all avail-
able sources, — heaven, earth and sea, and " all that in them is,"
, — are not forbidden. They are to be used, and are employed
by those capable of doing it, with the very best effect. But
these are not to be sought after and introduced merely to
adorn the discourse and entertain the hearer with the beauty
of the figure, or to show the skill of the speaker, and bring him
praise from minds as vain as his own. Ornament is to be em-
386 The Language of the Ptdpit. [J^^^y*
ployed, metaphors and other figures of speech interwoven, for
the sake of making the meaning clearer, and enforcing and im-
pressing the truth more effectively than plain language will do it.
And there is no necessity of descending to such words and
modes of expression as would be degrading to the pulpit,
or offensive to persons of learning, cultivated and refined
taste. Not the least. The simple but strong Saxon-English,
such as we have in John Bunyan and Daniel Webster, and
above all, in our English Bible, is best, purest, most readily
understood by an American, and best fitted to make deep and
lasting impressions.
The style should not be like the veil of Moses, hiding the
meaning, as that did the face of Moses from the people ; but
clear, open, simple, free from all obscurity from any cause
whatsoever.
Using words and forms of expressions, not such as are de-
rived from science, and departments unknown to the people,
but such as other men use and understand, the minister of the
gospel should so utter himself as to be understood by every
one present of common capacity and knoAvledge, and who at
the same time gives a reasonable degree of attention.
Ministers should use plahiness of speech in declaring all the
trutJis of the gospel.
The gospel is a system of truths revealed by God, and
recorded in his word ; and it is the peculiar business of the
minister to explain, defend, and enforce all these, using his
utmost power to persuade men to receive and obey them.
Now, plainness of speech implies a statement by him who
holds the sacred office, of all doctrines, precepts, promises, and
threatenings in the Bible. He is not at liberty to select one
and reject another, to present one class and withhold another
class.
Not only does plainness mean that he shall declare all the
doctrines and precepts, — all the counsel of God, — but, that, in
doing so, he should use plainness of speech ; should so utter him-
self on the sublime themes, that the people shall understand what
doctrine or precept or other topic he is dealing with ; he
should aim to have them understand the doctrine itself, in its
nature, relation, and influence.
1 87 1.] The Language of the Pulpit. 387
If he is preaching on the doctrine of the atonement or
change of heart, the work of the Spirit, of election, future
retribution, or any other, he should use such plainness of
speech, that the assembly shall know without mistake that he
is treating of this particular doctrine ; shall see the nature and
meaning of the doctrine and its bearings, and its place in the
Christian system, free from all disguise and concealment,
reserve and equivocation, defect or deviation, whatsoever. Let
him that hath the word of the Lord declare that word faith-
fully.
A minister should use plainness of speech, because it is in
accordance with the dispensation in which he officiates. Sim-
plicity marks the whole
Unlike that of Moses, — which, being only preliminary and
preparatory to the present, was as the dim dawn preceding the
open day, obscured with clouds and shadows, — the Chris-
tian dispensation, ushered in by the rising of the Son of right-
eousness, sheds an unclouded, glorious light upon all that
pertains to the spiritual and eternal welfare of man.
A beautiful and impressive illustration of this fact is given
in the chapter already referred to ; and from this very fact
and feature of the superior clearness, the absence of all ambi-
guity and darkness in the gospel, the apostle naturally
derives the specific reason why he used great plainness of
speech. As the gospel was clear of all the symbols and types
through which the truths comprised in the ancient economy
were dimly set forth, and opened before the mind an unob-
scured view of God in all his glorious perfection, an equally
distinct view of man in his character and condition, and espe-
cially of the way and provision for his redemption ; so, those
who are appointed to unfold and proclaim these glorious things
to their fellow-men, should use great plainness of speech. As
the teachers under the former arrangement, in accordance with
its symbolical, typical forms of communication, uttered their
messages in parables and dark sayings, so the ministers of the
present dispensation should deliver the messages they are
charged with in the clearest possible manner. Their language,
style, and mode of imparting instruction should be free from
everything that can occasion obscurity, doubt, or misapprehen-
388 The Language of the Pulpit. [July,
sion. No veil is to be set between the mind of the hearer and
the truth of the gospel. The veil over the face of Moses was
significant of the nature of his dispensation, which was to pass
away and to be followed by one infinitely more glorious in itself,
in all its parts, provisions, modes of ministration, in its con-
tinuance and its results.
He, then, who officiates under the gospel dispensation as a
minister, is bound to use a simplicity and plainness of commu-
nication that accords with the clear and full manifestation
which distinguish it from that of Moses.
Does he speak of God, of Christ, of man, of sin, of the way
of salvation .-' does he give instruction, counsel, reproof .'' does
he utter denunciations, or promises, or invitations, let him do
it in the plainness of speech becoming a minister of the gospel,
not of the dark dispensation which has passed away.
Plainness of speech is also in accordance with the Scj'ipture
examples of preaching.
No reference is here made to the ancient prophets, who,
though they lived in the comparative obscurity of the former
dispensation, and, in conformity to its nature, employed signs
and symbols and high-wrought images, and enigmatical and
veiled modes of communication, yet were often exceedingly
plain and pungent in their addresses.
Samuel, Nathan, Elijah, are patterns to all the servants of
God in plainness, and a faithful and bold declaration of the
truth.
But in Jesus Christ, the great Teacher, his ministers have a
perfect example of all that is meant by plainness in delivering
the truths of the gospel. True, he used the parable, as one
mode of imparting instruction ; but his parables and all his
illustrations, as they were inimitably beautiful and appropriate,
and employed solely to set the truth more clearly and impres-
sively before the mind, were perfectly adapted to this object,
and secured this result. Examine the discourses of our Lord.
There is a simplicity and purity, appropriateness of language,
transparency of construction, and a directness and force, which
no minister can even hope to equal, but which all are bound to
endeavor to imitate. Instead of reaching after high-sounding
words, finely-wrought pictures, and other artificial modes of
1871,1 The Language of the Pulpit. 389
address, which some are foolish enough to seek after, let every
minister of the gospel go to the Sermon on the Mount, or any
of the sayings and discourses of Him who spoke as never man
spoke, and placing himself at his feet, learn how, as well as
%vhat, to preach. All His utterances were simple, intelligible,
appropriate, and effective.
Such, too, were the preaching and writings of the apostles ;
Paul spoke for the whole company of the early members when
he said, we use great plainness of speech. Read the brief
specimen of the apostles' preaching given in the Book of Acts,
or the Epistles written to the Corinthians. For simplicity
and propriety of terms, for intelligibleness and lucidness of
style, and pertinence and force, for plainness in every good
sense of the word, their communications surpass those of all
others, and furnish a model for every preacher of the gospel.
" My speech," says Paul, " and my preaching was not with
enticing words of man's wisdom — which things we speak, not
in the words which man's wisdom teacheth." " Therefore see-
ing we have this ministry, as we have received mercy, we faint
not, but have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty, not
walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully ;
but by manifestation of the truth, commending ourselves to
every man's conscience in the sight of God." So did all the
apostles. And they were equally plain in the sense of a faith-
ful, full, and bold declaration of the great truths of the gospel.
Paul solemnly affirmed that he had not shunned to declare all
the counsel of God.
In the conduct of these inspired preachers, every Christian
minister finds his models, as to the essential duties of his office.
After their example, he is bound to declare all the counsel of
God, and always aiming to choose acceptable, not offensive
words, to employ such modes of address as are best fitted in all
respects to secure the great object of the gospel ministry.
Plainness of speech is in accordance with the peculiar design of
the ministerial office.
The object of the Christian ministry needs no particular
statement or description in this place. Its ultimate design is
to save the souls of men. God " hath committed to us the
ministry of reconciliation " ; and " we are ambassadors for
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 3. 26
390 The Language of the Pulpit. [July,
Christ, as though God did beseech you by us ; we pray you in
Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God." It is to proclaim the
glad tidings that God has by Jesus Christ provided a way
whereby men may be reconciled ; to explain, unfold, and
beseech.
But to accomplish this object, men must be enlightened ;
they must knoxv what God is, requires ; must be convinced of
the truth ; must become assured of the reality of all things
announced in the gospel. But how shall they be thus enlight-
ened, unless he who is called and professes to teach shall set
forth his teachings in intelligible language .-' How shall the
missionary save the heathen to whom he is sent } Shall he
speak in an unknown tongue .'' or shall he not use the language
of the heathen ,'' or first teach the heathen the missionary's
tongue, and then adapt his communications to the conceptions
and capacity of his pupil ?
Equally must the preacher to a Christian auditory utter
himself in such words and modes every way as are best fitted to
accomplish the great object of his office ; otherwise he labors in
vain. He may please the fancy, the taste, by finely-drawn pic-
tures, and tickle the itching ears ; may pour out showers of fine
words, and send home certain classes of the assembly praising
the preacher's elegant style and eloquent utterance. But if
the mind is not enlightened, the conscience is not aroused, the
heart not impressed ; if the sinner is not put to thinking and
inquiring, and the child of God is not fed with the "sincere
milk of the word," nothing is done. The sinner retires unin-
structed and unawakened, and the Christian who comes up to
the sanctuary hungering and thirsting after righteousness, goes
home disappointed and sad. Paul said, " I thank my God I
speak with tongues more than ye all ; yet in the church I had
rather speak five words with my understanding, that by my
voice I might teach others also, than ten thousand words in an
unknown tongue." Besides, the preacher must use plainness,
in the other sense of the word ; set forth all the truths of the
gospel, or he will fail of the object of his work. No man has
a right to decide that this doctrine is suited, and that is not
suited, to edify and save the soul ; that this class of truths is
profitable, and that is not so. In the use of discretion and of
1 87 1.] The Language of the Pulpit. 391
regard to times, places, circumstances, and the character and
condition of his audience, the .Christian minister is plainly
and faithfully to declare in its proper place every truth com-
prised in the gospel. Such is God's command. No trimmings*
no temporizing, no dressing up, or withholding, to please
the sinfi;! heart. The injunction is, say unto the righteous it
shall be well with him ; woe to the wicked, it shall be ill with
him.
Bearing in mind the nature and design of the gospel, assured
of the reality of which it comprises, the interests at stake, and
the glorious results to be effected by his faithful prosecution of
his work, let the minister cf the gospel, as did the apostles,
first believe, and therefore speak and use great plainness of
speech.
No enumeration need here be made of the qualifications
requisite in a preacher of the gospel, such as a sound mind in
a sound body, if such a body can be secured ; love to' Christ
and to the ministerial work ; ardent desire for the salvation of
souls ; the spirit of self-denial, prayer, and entire consecration
to Christ and his cause. These, and all other Christian graces
and virtues, together with a thorough education for the position
and work of the ministry, are demanded in him who is to hold
the office of pastor and spiritual guide to his fellow-men.
Two essential qualifications are naturally suggested by the
subject, and which, in addition to those just referred to, should
be required by every church and people.
One is soundness in the faith; in other words, belief in the
peculiar doctrines of the gospel. Paul's belief in the great facts
and truths comprised in the gospel, and revealed to him and
fixed in his heart by the spirit of God, moved him, at the call
of Christ, to assume the toils and trials, the self-denials and
sufferings which he endured ; and he only who is able honestly
to use this language, is fit for the ministry. The infinite per-
fection of God's character, law, and government, the sinfulness
and guilt of man, and his recovery only by the grace of God,
through the atonement made by the obedience and death of
Christ, accepted in penitence and faith by the sinner in the
experience of the washing, and regeneration of the Spirit ;
these, and kindred and connected truths, constitute the " faith
392 The Language of the Piilpit. [July,
once delivered to the saints," were heartily believed by Paul,
his co-laborers, and by all the faithful of that and subseqvient
ages, and by all evangelical Christians to this day. It is the
system of doctrine maintained and set forth in the teachings
of the ministry of New England. These sublime, sanctifying,
soul-stirring truths, must secure the cordial belief of every
man who aspires to the sacred office. It is an indispensable,
fundamental requisite. Beauty of person, intellectual attain-
ments, mental culture, polished manners, elegance in style,
fluency and power of utterance, and all other accomplishments
added, — good in their place, — can be no substitute for the faith
in the essential doctrines of the gospel. Woe to the man who
rejects or ignores these great truths, and woe to the people who
are doomed to the teachings of a ministry where these doc-
trines have not a prominent place. These, constituting, as they
do, the essential element of the gospel, are the power of God
unto salvation, and their genuine fruits are seen in all things
for which the Christian people of New England have been
distinguished, from the beginning of her history to this hour,
and make her now the glory of all lands and a wonder to all
nations.
The other requisite suggested by the subject is plainness
of speech.
As a man may enter the ministry from various motives, so
he may be wanting in the quality indicated by the term I have
used, and which has been under notice.
We are all aware, probably, of the taste of the present times
in regard to the character of pulpit services. While the doc-
trines of the gospel find little general favor, and are scarcely
tolerated by some professed Christians, multitudes have a
morbid craving for mere entertainment in the sanctuary, for
elegance in manner and style, eloquence in delivering figures
and flowers, novelties in subjects and startling illustrations,
and are disgusted with a plain, unadorned declaration and en-
joinment of Christian doctrines and duties. And it is to be
lamented that so much is uttered from the pulpit suited to
gratify and foster this vitiated taste. The body cannot live
and thrive on flowers and pictures ; neither can the soul live
without the sincere milk of the word, — it will perish and die.
1 87 1.] The Language of the Pulpit. 393
The great desire and inquiry with every church and people
should be, to secure a ministry which believes in the heart the
fundamental doctrine of revelation ; and, constrained by belief
in the glorious realities here comprised, will use all possible
"plainness of speech" in statement, and in all utterances of
Christian truth. Church and people are deeply concerned in
the character, the faith or disbelief, the teachings — as to matter
far more than manner — of those whom they select for spiritual
guides. The eternal interests of themselves and their children,
and of coming generations, are involved in the course they
shall take.
CALVINISM.
Calvinism, as it existed at Geneva, and as it endeavored to
be wherever it took root for a century and a half after him,
was not a system of opinion, but an attempt to make the will
of God as revealed in the Bible an authoritative guide for social
as well as personal direction. Men wonder why the Calvinists,
being so doctrinal, yet seemed to dwell so much and so em-
phatically on the Old Testament. It was because in the Old
Testament, they found, or thought they found, a divine example
of national government, a distinct indication of the laws which
men were ordered to follow, with visible and immediate punish-
ments attached to disobedience. At Geneva, as for a time in
Scotland, moral sins were treated after the example of the
Mosaic law, as crimes to be punished by the magistrate.
" Elsewhere," said Knox, speaking of Geneva, " the word of
God is taught as purely, but never anywhere have I seen God
obeyed as faithfully." . . . The Calvinists attracted to their
ranks almost every man in western Europe that " hated a lie."
They abhorred, as no body of men ever more abhorred, all con-
scious mendacity, all impurity, all moral wrong of every kind,
so far as they could recognize it. Whatever exists at this
moment in England and Scotland of conscientious fear of
doing evil, is the remnant of the convictions which were
branded by the Calvinists into the people's hearts. . . . Cal-
vinism is the spirit which rises in revolt against untruth ; the
spirit which has appeared, and reappeared, and in due time
will appear again, unless God be a delusion and man be as the
beasts that perish, J.\mes Anthony Froude.
SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, NEW BRITAIN, CONN.
187 1.] South Congregational Church. 395
SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,
NEW BRITAIN, CONN.
This Church was organized July 5, 1842. It consisted of
one hundred and twenty members, who were dismissed from
the First Church for the purpose.
A house of worship having been built at the cost of about
^8,000, was dedicated June 29, previous to the formation of
the church. This act is characteristic of the church. The
people provided a new hive, before they swarmed from the old.
On the 4th of January, 1843, Rev. Samuel Rockwell was installed
first pastor of the church. His faithful and successful minis-
try continued for fifteen and a half years. He laid true foun-
dations, and witnessed the steady growth and prosperity of the
church. Mr. Rockwell was dismissed June 20, 1858.
Rev. C. L. Goodell was ordained and installed over the
church, February 2, 1859. After a few years, through the
increase of the church, a larger house of worship was plainly
needed. The work was entered upon with great energy and
unanimity of feeling, in the spring of 1865. The corner-
stone was laid August 23, 1865. The beautiful and commo-
dious edifice was completed and dedicated January 16, 1868,
having been about three years in construction. The old house,
which was a plain, wooden building, was occupied twenty-five
years.
The present house of worship, represented by the accom-
panying wood-cut, is built of Portland brown stone throughout,
laid in broken ashler style, irregular courses, hammer dressed,
and is of the decorated English Gothic order of architecture,
the best examples of which date from the 13th century.
The church has a total length of 175 feet, including a chapel,
a width of 84 feet, and is 60 feet high to apex of nave. The
crocket of the spire is 175 feet above the sidewalk. This spire
is octagonal, built of stone to the top, and surmounts a massive
square tower on the northwest corner of the building. In this
tower hangs a bell weighing 3,019 pounds. Above this is a
tower clock with four faces. The roof of the church is covered
with Vermont slates, in different colors. Directly in rear of
396 South Congregatio7ial Church. [July,
the main building, and continuous with it, is the chapel, also
of stone, the general style of which is similar to that of the
church, of which it is a part. On the easterly side, at the
junction of the church with the chapel, is a beautiful stone
turret seventy-five feet high, through which is an entrance-
door to the chapel. The other entrance is on the side oppo-
site, leading in to church or chapel from Arch Street.
The whole building stands on the comer of two streets,
facing the public square, and is surrounded by an ample lawn
of " living green," kept closely shaven and entirely free from
tares, to be as an example unto the flock. The water from
the roof is conducted by pipes to recesses under ground. The
foundations are very deep and strong, the earth having been
washed in about the lower courses, with a hose pipe, and the
building has stood firmly without material crack or leak, and
will without doubt remain so for ages, a monument of the
benevolent desire of the builders to honor God with their sub-
stance, who had in so many ways blessed them.
There are three main entrances to the church in front, and
two entrances from the rear, one on either side of the pulpit.
Of the three in front, one is through the tower, one under the
centre of the nave gable, and one through a unique gabled
porch on the southeast corner. These three doors give access
to a spacious vestibule under the organ loft. From the vesti-
bule three doors admit to the audience room, and two stair-
cases conduct to the orchestra. The audience room is 103
feet in length, 84 feet in width, 45 feet in the centre of the
nave, and 23 feet high at the side walls. The clear-story walls
of the nave are supported on either side by an arcade of six
bays, the arches resting on five ten-inch octagonal columns,
the first instance, it is believed, in which iron columns have
been applied to this use. The advantages are obvious. The
small size of the columns does not obstruct the view from any
part of the house, and their great strength enables them to
support the weight of the clear-story. The capitals are ornately
wrought with rich foliations and fruitage of grapes.
The windows are six in number on each side, with double
lights and a quarter-foil of bar-tracery in the head. There is a
lancet window on each side of the desk, a large window of soft,
1 8/ 1.] Sonth Coftgregational Church. 397
delicate tint, in the rear of the desk, borrowing its light from
the chapel, and a splendid mullioned window of brilliant hue,
with stone bar-tracery in geometrical pattern, in the front gable,
over the organ loft. The clear-story is pierced on each side
with six beautiful rose windows, each in an arched recess at
the intersection of the walls of the clear-story with the roof.
All these windows are of stained glass, varied and rich in
color, and in perfect harmony with the finish of the room.
The walls and ceilings of the auditorium are tinted with very
soft and agreeable shades, the trusses of the roof are colored
with green in the hollows of the mouldings, the ceilings are
delicately and richly frescoed, and a series of symbols in use
in the early Christian church is introduced just above the
clear-story windows. These consist of the cup and dove and
triangle, the open Bible, the Hebrew word Jehovah, and the
well-known monograms of our Saviour's name ; and the effect
is very pleasing.
The wood-work of the audience room is of chestnut, with
bl'ack walnut mouldings. The pews are in the prevailing
Gothic style, not circular, and have panelled backs, with book-
racks of walnut, and no doors. The pulpit, standing on a
platform of medium height, and with no useless space between
it and the pews, is also of chestnut and black walnut, carved
massively and elaborately. The pulpit seats, attached to the
wall, are upholstered in velvet, green in color, which is also
the color of the carpet and the cushions, — each pew in the
house being provided with one. There are no supports in the
middle of the pews, and the carpets are one unbroken stretch,
from the desk to the doors.
The organ, likewise, is of natural woods, chestnut and black
walnut, and is very elaborately carved. It is built in halves,
one on each side of the large central window, producing from
the audience room a very pleasing effe:t upon the eye. The
two organs are connected beneath the floor, the key-board being
on the inner side of the one, the organist sitting with his back
to the other. The organ case is Gothic, and in harmony with
the entire finish of the church. At each corner of the organ
case are three large, cylindrical columns of chestnut, adorned
with bands and capitals of carved walnut and supporting Gothic
398 South Congregational Chmch. [J'-^^y-
arches ; the columns and arches surmounted with crockets of
black walnut, very massive and beautiful. These crockets, and
those upon the pulpit seats and chairs, and upon the stone
spires of the church, are all carved after the same pattern.
One law prevails outside and in, both in wood and stone, and
in the glass also. The front pipes of the organ are painted
with azure, and decorated with vermillion and gold. The inner
sides are finished by a screen of chestnut, pierced with quarter-
foils and fleur-de-lis, divided diagonally by mouldings of walnut.
The organ has three manuals, a pedal, 2,055 pipes, and 43
stops. Its cost was ^6,500. The organ bellows is driven by
two water motors of the Stannard patent, in the cellar of the
church, the air being conducted to the bellows in tin pipes.
The machinery is automatic in its action, and works admirably,
keeping up a constant supply of air for the organ without
requiring any attention on the part of the organist. The pull-
ing of a cord near the seat of the organist will start or stop it.
It is always ready at a moment's notice. The supply of air is
steady and abundant. It costs no fatigue of human muscles ;
there is no squeaking of machinery. These water motors cost
^500 each, and may be driven by the pressure of an ordinary
water pipe. Had not the organ been divided, one water motor
would have been sufficient. This admirable arrangement must
come into use whenever practicable.
The audience room is ventilated by cold-air registers in the
floor, and six openings in the ceiling over head, the air escaping
through these, being carried in a large wooden tube some 75
feet, to the bell deck in the tower. This box is opened or closed
by a cord in the organ loft. The current of air from floor to
ceiling makes the room cool in summer and delightful in
winter. Foul, stupifying air is a thing unknown in the church.
This simple arrangement is an unspeakable comfort, both to
preacher and hearer. The room is lighted in the evening by
gas-lights covered by ground glass globes, arranged in trios on
the columns and walls, and the desk by a group of four globes
on each side, supported by ornamental columns. The audience
room was to have been heated by steam ; but two of Webster's
hot air furnaces having been placed temporarily in the cellar,
were found to afford pleasant and ample heat.
400 South Congregational CJmrch. [July,
There is no "broad aisle" in the church ; the two central
tiers of seats join, leaving an aisle on each side, and an aisle
also between the outer tier of seats and the wall, on both sides.
There are no galleries in the church at present, but they may
be put in, the walls having purposely been made high enough.
The church will seat about eight hundred people on the floor,
and there is room in the organ loft for fifty more. The doors
leading from the vestibule to the audience room are covered
with green leather, and are arranged to swing easily and noise-
lessly without a latch, being self-shutting. All the wood-work
is very elegant and rich, having been selected for beauty of
grain. The four doors at the pulpit end of the house, two
leading to the audience room and two to the platform, exhibit
a remarkable fineness of natural graining. The two massive
Gothic chairs in front of the pulpit platform, the communion
table, and the carved stand for the font, are of black walnut.
In the organ loft there is a dressing room for the singers, pro-
vided also with bookcases for the music. The umbrella racks
in the vestibule are of chestnut and black walnut. Ther-
mometers are placed in church and chapel, that the temperature
may be kept even. There are knobs covered with India rubber,
so arranged that no door can slam against the wall, and hooks
also by which each door may be secured when open as well as
when closed. There is no corner for the poor, no seat which
is not carpeted and cushioned, and desirable.
The chapel is on the same level with the audience room, and
is divided longitudinally into three rooms, which can be thrown
together by means of large folding doors. The central room,
or chapel proper, is fifty-six by thirty-seven feet, and is finished
in the same style as the church, only less elaborately. This
room is used for Sabbath schools. Sabbath-school concerts,
lectures, and evening meetings. The walls are handsomely
frescoed, and the room is lighted by four double Gothic windows
of ornamental ground glass, arranged in pairs, each window
being surmounted by a small quarter-foil window of stained
glass. These windows are in the rear, or south end, and are in
the form of an immense bay window, projecting from the main
chapel, and in which space stands the desk. This" adds much
to the amplitude of the room, as well as much both to the
1871.] SoutJi Congregational Church. 401
exterior and interior beauty of the house. There are, also, large
quater-foil windows in the sides of the central chapel room,
and above the adjoining side rooms. These are of stained
glass, and very rich in color. The seats are of chestnut,
trimmed with black walnut, and provided with reversible backs
and cushions, green in color, like those in the church. The
reading desk is made of chestnut and black walnut, richly
carved, and stands on a slight platform. The room is very
pleasant and inviting, and seems almost like a church. It is
lighted at the sides by gas, and the walls are adorned with
maps of the Holy Land and appropriate scriptural mottoes. It
will seat two hundred and forty persons, and in case of pressure,
the folding doors may be opened on either side, giving room
for two hundred more.
The room on the easterly side of the chapel is fitted up as a
ladies' parlor. It is richly carpeted, and provided with divans,
chairs, tables, clock, pictures, etc. A closet opens from this
room, in which is kept a full tea-set, large enough for the multi-
tude, and all conveniences for providing refreshments for the
ladies' benevolent societies at their fortnightly gatherings, and
for sociables and other meetings. There is a gas-stove at
hand for making tea, and in the cellar a cooking-stove and
a sink. This parlor is lighted by Gothic windows of orna-
mental ground glass, with gas fixtures, convenient for the use
of the needle in the evening. On the walls, in heavy oval gilt
frames, hang the portraits of the two only pastors of the
church. Rev. S. Rockwell, the first pastor, and the present
incumbent. Adjoining this room is also a dressing room, with
washbowl and water-closet. The room on the opposite side
of the chapel is of the same size as the ladies' parlor, and is
fitted up for young people's meetings, and occupied on the
Sabbath by the infant class. It also is adorned by beautiful
scriptural mottoes and valuable maps. There is a small organ
in the chapel for the use of the Sabbath school, and social re-
ligious services. Each desk is supplied with a valuable Oxford
Bible.
Between the chapel and the audience room, on the west side,
is a small room neatly fitted up as a minister's study. Across
the passage into the church, and opposite the study, a door
402 South Congregational Church, [July,
leads to the platform of the pulpit. In the minister's room is
the Sabbath-school library, and also the Woodruff teachers'
library, the gift of a benevolent gentleman of the church.
There are three small furnaces in the cellar under the chap-
el, so that either of the three rooms of the chapel may be
warmed separately as needed, without waste of heat. The
audience room of the church is happily so constructed as to be
very easy for the speaker, an ordinarily clear voice being dis-
tinctly heard in every part. There is no echo. Neither sight
nor sound is obstructed. It is light and cheerful of aspect,
not gloomy, and by gas-light the appearance is very inviting.
The building is made in the most thorough manner through-
out, of the very best material, and with a constant reference to
convenience and refined taste. " Strength and beauty are in
thy sanctuary."
The architect was George F. Meacham, of Boston ; superin-
tendent of mason-work and stone-cutting, Chauncey Arnold ;
master builder, Franklin Smith, of Hartford ; fresco-work by
William T. Brazer, of Boston ; the stained glass for the win-
dows by Henry Sharp, of New York ; the clock by Howard,
of Boston ; the bell is from the Meneely Foundry, West Troy,
N. Y. ; the organ was constructed by William N. Johnson, of
Westfield, Mass. The building committee of the society, who
carried this work steadily through to its completion, devot-
ing time and attention to it, visiting churches in city and
country that promised to afford a practical suggestion for the
greater perfection of this, were Cornelius B. Erwin, Frederic
H. Worth, Henry Stanley, Oliver Stanley, Horace H. Brown,
Philip Corbin, and Dr. Lucius Woodruff.
Those who had the work under more immediate supervision,
were Messrs. Henry Stanley and Oliver Stanley, the latter gen-
tleman giving nearly his whole time to the work for the three
years it was in progress.
The house, with all its furnishing, cost $ 1 50,000, and it should
be said that the benevolent contributions of the church increased
each year while the work was in progress.
It more than satisfies the expectation of the builders. It is
a noble edifice, — the best the church could build, — dedicated
to the service of God. His spiritual blessing has already richly
rested upon it in the conversion of many souls.
I87I.]
South Co7igregational Church.
403
The sittings of the church are sold annually. The sum paid
on January last was about $8,500.
The contributions of the church to objects of benevolence
since its organization have been as follows : —
1843, $429
1850,
$880
1857, $758
1864,
$3,631
1844, 484
1851,
894
1858, 344
1865,
3.729
1845, 641
1852,
846
1859, 1,234
1866,
5,209
1846, 562
1853.
1,436
i860, 1,390
1867,
5,376
1847, 1,001
1854,
1,903
1861, 1,290
1868,
6,115
1848, 787
1855,
823
1863, 1,756
1869,
7,249
1849, 852 J
1856,
1,360
1863, 2,538
1870,
7,559
Total in 28 years, $61,127.
Additions to the church have been as folio
ws : —
1843. 32
1850,
9
1857, 29
1864,
23
1844. 7
1851,
26
1858, 13
1865,
31
1845. 9
1852,
22
1859, 6
1 866,
83
1846, 10
1853,
10
i860, 21
1867,
27
1847, 48
1854,
25
1861, 4
1868,
52
1848, 14
1855,
2
1862, 19
1869,
107
1849, 3
1856,
II
1863, 6
1870,
42
On profession of f
lith, 334.
By letter, 357. Total in
28 years, 65
I. Present
membership, 488.
C. L. G(
DODKLL.
-New Britain, Ct,
•
Sundays the pillars are,
On which heaven's palace arched lies :
The other days fill up the spare
And hollow room with vanities.
They are the fruitful beds and borders
In God's rich garden : that is bare
Which parts their ranks and orders.
The "Sundays of man's life,
Threaded together on Time's string.
Make bracelets to adorn the wife
Of the eternal glorious King.
On Sunday, heaven's gate stands ope ;
Blessings are plentiful and rife —
More plentiful than hope.
George Herbert.
404 The Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. [July,
THE IMPORT AND METHOD OF CHRIST'S BAPTISM.
Two questions naturally arise in connection with the baptism
of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, i. Why was Christ
baptized ? and, 2. How was he baptized ? Let us consider
these questions in their order.
L Why was the Lord Jesus baptized }
I. Because he was made under the law, in the likeness of
sinful flesh. For the same cause he was circumcised, when
eight days old. Both circumcision and baptism imply pollution,
sinfulness, in their recipient.
From the birth of Isaac onward, every descendant of
Abraham, the father of the faithful, was to receive the rite of
circumcision, as a seal of the covenant which God made with
Abraham, to be a God to him and to his seed after him. Every
male child was thus to be solemnly consecrated to the service
of the living and true God. Paternity itself was consecrated,
" that he might seek a godly seed." And in that rite there was
involved a confession of the corruption of human nature.
Now, though our blessed Lord did not share in that natural
depravity, common to all the race beside him, yet, being made
" in the likeness of sinful flesh," he voluntarily submitted him-
self to all the requirements of the law. Thus it was in refer-
ence to his paying the temple-tax. (Mat. xvii. 24-27.) In itself
considered, there was no appropriateness in his paying the half-
shekel exacted of every Jew, to maintain the worship of God
in the temple ; for he was himself the Son of the Highest. It
was the glory of his own Father that was thus upheld, and
there was no propriety in taxing the King's household for the
support of the realm ; yet, to prevent misunderstanding, to
avoid the imputation of refusing to do what was expected from
all devout Jews, he miraculously provided the means, and paid
the coin to them that received the tribute money. In like
manner, now that baptism was about to take the place of cir-
cumcision, as the seal of God's covenant, and that all who
wished to be pronounced in their adhesion to the divine
economy, under all its varying forms, flocked to John's baptism,
recognizing his divine call and mission, it was becoming in the
1 8/ 1.] The Impoft and Method of Christ's Baptism. 405
Lord Jesus, notwithstanding that rite imphed pollution in its
recipient, and there was no pollution in him, to submit himself
to that ordinance, as he did to other rites and demands not
strictly binding on him. Thus it became him to fulfil all right-
eousness.
2. Another reason why our Lord received baptism at the
hands of his forerunner, may have been that he might thus
publicly and emphatically indorse John's ministry.
The Baptist was the connecting link between the old dispen-
sation and the new. It was important that Christ's ministry
should have a visible connection with all that had gone before.
The new dispensation was but the flowering out of the old,
under new and appropriate symbols. The Jewish dispensation
culminated in John, and the dispensation of the Spirit takes
its departure from him. There is no abrupt, violent transition ;
but the old quietly, peacefully, merges itself in the new. And
the point of transition was at the baptism of our Saviour by his
appointed forerunner. That was a symbol of the essential
oneness of the two dispensations. It was no more an indorse-
ment of Jesus by John, than it was an indorsement of John by
Jesus. It was altogether fitting, and most wisely ordered, in
the providence of God, that the Lord's messenger, predicted by
Malachi, going before him in the spirit and power of Elijah the
prophet, should point out his person, and publicly induct him
into his sacred, threefold office.
3. And this leads us to another reason why Christ was
baptized. His baptism was the clearly-marked commencement
of his public ministry. It was his solemn inauguration as the
Christ of God, the long predicted and eagerly expected Messiah.
And more than this : it was the manifest anointing of the
Lord's Anointed, — his divine consecration, or setting apart to
the great work of salvation for the human race. Then the
Spirit descended upon him like a dove, and it abode upon him.
From that time forward, God gave not the spirit by measure
unto him. In him dwelt all the fulness ojf the Godhead bodily.
It was then and there proclaimed by the Most .High, This is
my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Was not this
the solemn promulgation of the decree, "-I have set my king
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 3. 2/
4o6 The Ivtpott and Method of Christ's Baptism. [July,
upon my holy hill of Zion. Thou art my son ; this day have I
begotten thee " ? The spiritual halo that encircjed his brow
like a diadem, was of too ethereal a nature to be perceived by
earthly souls. But here and there one who was an Israelite
indeed, in whom is no guile, discovered the royal endowment,
and with full heart exclaimed, " Rabbi, thou art the Son of
God ; thou art the King of Israel." As prophets, priests, and
kings of old were anointed and set apart by solemn rites, each
to his own appropriate work, so it was in the highest degree
fitting that He who combined all these offices in His one
person, should be solemnly and publicly invested with prophetic,
sacerdotal, and regal dignity by one specially commissioned for
that purpose. It matters not that John himself may not have
understood the full import of this anointing. He was divinely
directed how to discern the Messiah, and he saw, and bare
record that this is the Son of God.
It follows that the baptism of Christ was both like and unlike
in kind to other baptisms. In so far as it was a voluntary
humiliation on the part, of our Saviour, subjecting himself to a
rite of purification, because found in fashion as a man, it was
not unlike in purport to other baptisms administered by John,
nor unlike Christian baptism. But in so far as it was intended
by Christ to be an indorsement of John's ministry, and in so
faV as it was the solemn consecration of Christ to his great life
work, and the inauguration of his public ministry, it is evidently
sui generis, — having po point of connection with ordinary
Christian baptism.
Christ's baptism, with the accompanying voice from heaven,
was a fitting prelude to that life of heavenly love enshrined in
an earthly tabernacle, and encompassed with all sinless human
infirmities. It was such a mingling of divine and hpman, of
humiliation and exaltation, as cannot be found apart from the
manifestation of the Mediator, — God manifest in flesh.
II. We pass to consider the question, How was Christ
baptized .-•
If it were essential that we should know the precise method
of the Saviour's baptism, it would, without doubt, have been so
clearly revealed that no question could be raised in reference
to it.
Observe, for example, how full and explicit instructions were
1 8/ 1.] The Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. 407
given to Moses in regard to the erection of the tabernacle, with
all its furniture. He was repeatedly admonished of God, " See
that thou make all things according to the pattern showed to
thee in the Mount." Nothing was left to inference. The
entire method of construction of each and every article was
clearly and fully laid down. And so with regard to our
Saviour's life and death ; on many points our information is
very full a*nd exact, even when it is not proposed for our imita-
tion. We know just how he was put to death, and just how he
celebrated the Eucharist.
Would' not, also, the precise method of his baptism, in all
probability, have been made known so clearly as to leave no
room for doubt or question, had it been essential, or of the first
importance, that we should know it .''
But, -first, there is no special reason to doubt that Jesus was
baptized in John's ordinary method, whatever that method was.
At least, there is no intimation of anything peculiar in the mode
of his baptism.
Did, then, John invariably baptize by immersion } The use
of the words Bairrw and Baim^oj does not prove it. These words,
it is true, ordinarily or originally denoted to dip, and to dip
repeatedly, or wash ; but they may just as well refer to dipping
the hand of the baptizer, as to dipping the entire person of the
baptized. We have Scripture instances of the use of Bairrci in
the first sense just mentioned. When our Lord pointed out
Judas as the traitor, he made use of this word, BaTr-rw. He that
dippcth his hand with me in the dish, the same shall betray me.
Is it not utter folly to say that the hand of Judas was completely
immersed in the dish .-* We use dip, as Jesus used Baff-rw, in
another sense, as when we speak of dipping a pen in ink, or
dipping water from one dish to another, or milk from a pan.
The complete immersion of the thing dipped is not essential to
the idea. Judas was pointed out to the beloved disciple, as he
tells us in his gospel, in these words : He it is to whom I shall
give a sop — better, as in the margin, a morsel — when I have
dipped it. (John xiii. 26.) The same word, Ba-rrw, is here used.
Jesus broke off a piece of bread and dipped it in the common
soup, by no means necessarily or probably completely immer-
sing it, and then gave to Judas.
408 IJie Impott and Method of Chris fs Baptism. [July,
The same word is used in the Septuagint translation of the
Old Testament, in Lev. iv. 6. The priest shall dip his finger
in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the
Lord. These acts together, or the complex act, constituted the
ceremonial purification of that which was sprinkled. The entire
complex act came to be denominated a (^<^?///i';«, — a ceremonial
lustration, a symbol of purification, the removal of ceremonial
uncleanness. And in like manner, in all baptisms by sprink-
ling, there is the dipping of the hand of the person baptizing,
and the sprinkling of water, the emblem of purification. It is
a significant fact, that the Hebrew name of the forefinger is
derived from a verb corresponding to the Greek BaT-w ; as if
we were to call it, instead oi forefinger, or the i)idex finger, the
dipping finger, or the finger to be dipped. The same Greek
word, Barroj, is found in two places in the book of Daniel, where
it is said of Nebuchadnezzar, that his body was wet — baptoed —
with the dew of heaven. Surely the baptism of Nebuchadnezzar
seems much more like sprinkling than immersion.
I think it can be demonstrated that baptism came to be,
among the Jews, the common designation for ceremonial
purification, or cleansing by the application of water, whether
by sprinkling, pouring, or plunging. One evidence that baptism,
and ceremonial purification by the use of water, were, in com-
mt)n usage, equivalent to each other, is found in John iii. 22 -
26. First, the baptizing by Jesus through his disciples, and
by John, is mentioned ; next, there arose a question between
some of John's disciples and the Jews, about pn^'ifying. In
consequence of this question arising, they repair to John to
have it decided, saying. Rabbi, he to whom thou barest witness
behold, the same baptizeth. Is it not the only fair and legiti-
mate inference from this passage, that baptism and purification
were, in the common usage, nearly synonymous terms } Bap-
tism seems to have come to designate the entire act of the
priest in dipping his finger, or the bunch of hyssop, into the
olood, or the water of separation or of purification (Num. xix.
9), and then in applying it by sprinkling to the person or thing
to be cleansed. The wJiole complex act was the baptism, and
not the mere dippi7ig alone. (See Heb. ix. 10.) Which stood
only in meats and drinks, and divers baptisms [Greek]. Now,
1 8/ 1.] The Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. 409
could it be fairly said, would it be at all likely to be said, by
the writer to the Hebrews, that it stood in divers dippings of
the finger or of the hyssop, to the exclusion of the sprinkling,
which followed in every instance ? The purification was by
the sprinkling in connection with the dipping, never by the
dipping alone.
And so the writer to the Hebrews continues. If the blood
of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer, sprinkling the
unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh, — observe
there was no ceremonial purification wiXhout sp} inkling, — how
much more shall the blood of Christ purge your conscience
from dead works, etc. .'' Ceremonial purification by the sprink-
ling of blood, spiritual sanctification by the blood of Christ, —
these are the points of comparison and contrast made by the
apostle. Are we compelled to believe that by the " divers
baptisms," he referred solely to the preliminary dipping into
the blood and the water, and not at all to its application to the
unclean, which was invariably by sprinkling }
But let us look again at the common usage among the Jews
in the time of Christ. (See Luke xi. 38.) "And when the
Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first washed
before dinner." It is literally : he marvelled that he was not
first baptised before dinner. The word is precisely the same
with that used by Mark (i. 9) in speaking of the baptism of
Christ in the Jordan, s/faTTKr;'-/). Is it, then, true that the Phar-
isee marvelled that Jesus was not immersed before dinner }
And is there any evidence whatever, that such a custom ever
prevailed among the Jews .'' We know that the Rabbi Mai-
monides is quoted to the effect that the Jews sometimes im-
mersed themselves by way of ceremonial purification ; but the
sole testimony of one living in the twelfth century, to a custom
as existing in the time of Christ, certainly needs support and
corroboration. The Levitical custom, as we have seen, was to
purify by sprinkling, only dipping the finger or hyssop-branch
first, which preliminary act gave name to the whole transac-
tion. " And the Lord said unto him. Now do ye Pharisees
make clean \i. e. purify, baptize] the outside of the cup and
the platter ; but your inward part is full of ravening and
wickedness."
410 The Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. [July,
But this ceremonial baptism or purification is more fully
explained in Mark vii. i-8. The Pharisees and Scribes saw
some of Christ's disciples eat bread with unwashed hands.
That is, they neglected the ceremonial purificati'on commonly
practised by the Jews. Tiie evangelist proceeds at once to
explain that practice. He says, " Except they wash their
hands oft, they eat not. And when they come from the market,
except they baptize themselves [so in the Greek], they eat not.
And many other things there be, which they have received to
hold, baptisms [Greek] of cups and pots, and brazen vessels
and tables." The same expression occurs again in the eighth
verse, " baptisms of pots and cups." To say, as some do, that
all these are immersions of persons, cooking utensils, and tables
or couches, is sheer assumption, simply and only begging the
question. We believe the practice originated in the ceremo-
nial ablutions enjoined in the Levitical law, performed by
sprinkling, after the hand or branch was dipped in the cleans-
ing fluid. The object of this baptism, let it be well under-
stood, was ceremonial purification ; the opposite of that defile-
ment of which our Lord spoke in this connection, saying, " To
eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man." (Matt. xv. 20.)
By still another inspired writer, we are taken inside a Jewish
residence, and allowed to see just what provision was made for
these ceremonial ablutions, or baptisms, which were so com-
monly practised that Christ's host marvelled that he omitted
it. (John ii. 6.) There were set there six water-pots of stone,
after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two
or three firkins apiece. A firkin is a quarter of a barrel.
These water-pots, therefore, held from half to three fourths of
a barrel each. They were set there after the manner of the
purifying of the Jews, for their ceremonial purification or bap-
tism. But how can it be made a case of immersion } Purifi-
cation, in their usage, is baptism. Except they baptize them-
selves, when they come from the market, they eat not. The
water in those vessels had apparently some of it been used,
for they were refilled. Did each guest immerse himself in a
half-barrel stone water-pot .'' or was the water drawn out to
baptize each one hy pouring it on his hands, as Elisha poured
water on the hands of Elijah ^ (2 Kings iii. 1 1.)
1 8/ 1.] The Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. 411
We have thus far considered the Scripture usage of ^ax.Ti^
and /3arT(^w. Unless I greatly mistake, we find, that while
there is a reference in the word to dipping the hand of the
bajDtizer, and especially the :p32s, — the forefinger, dipping
finger ; — we are forced by the connection, in very many
instances, to include in the idea either sprinkling or pouring,
to the exclusion of immersion. The using, then, of the words
iSa-Tr-Tw, ^aifTi^u and fia.icrid^.oc., by the sacred writers, by no means
establishes the fact that John baptized by immersion. In
view of the analogy of Old Testament baptisms, is it not
at least as probable as otherwise, that his method was to
dip up the water, and pour or sprinkle it upon the person
baptized ?
But the question is asked, why then did they go to the river.-*
The answer is, that they might have abundance of pure, clear
water to baptize with, as well as for other purposes. Great
multitudes resorted to John's baptism. There went out to him
Jerusalem and all Judea, and all the region round about Jordan,
and were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins.
Such a multitude, in that hot climate, would have great need
of water for other purposes besides baptism. We read in
the Acts of the Apostles (xvi. 13), of a certain place by a
river side, where prayer was wont to be made, — an habitual
resort for religious purposes, wholly apart from baptism. In
such a case, baptism in or by the river would be equivalent
now to a baptism in church, — the usual place of religious
worship.
Again, it is said, they went down into the water, and came
up out of the water. It is not said of Jesus by any one of the
four evangelists that he went down into the water. The proper
Greek word for out of is h, while the proper rendering of airo
IS, from or away from. Now it is certainly noticeable that in
every instance where an evangelist speaks of the baptism of
Christ, the word used is ftot ix, out of, but afo, away from. The
rendering in Matthew iii. 16, and Mark i. 10, is plainly a mistrans-
lation, probably by some oversight. The inspired writers do
indeed say he zvent up from the water, using the same word
commonly employed of disembarking after a voyage ; " one
went up from the sea," without thereby denoting that he had
412 The Iinpoit and Method of Christ's Baptism. [July,
been in the sea. But it may be that both Jesus and John
stepped out into the current, for convenience in dipping up the
water, and pouring or sprinkling it upon the person of Christ.
The style of dress used in oriental countries would make this
far easier and more appropriate than our style of. dress in our
cold northern climate.
Again, John baptized in ^non, near to Salim, because there
was much water there. It is literally, there were many waters
there, ^non is a Chaldaic plural, meaning fountains. It
was doubtless a great convenience for the multitudes constantly
gathering to John's baptism, to be at a place abounding in
springs.
But Paul wrote' on two occasions, "Buried with him by
baptism into death, that like as Christ was raised up from the
dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk
in newness of life." (Rom. vi. 4 ; Col. ii. 11, 12.) With all due
deference to the eminent men who have seen, or imagined they
saw, an allusion to immersion in these passages, it seems to me
they have no reference to the mode of baptism. Being im-
mersed in or under the water is not a burial, without drowning.
The allusion is rather to the death than the baptism of Christ.
We are " baptized into his death," — into a profession of reli-
ance on his death alone for salvation. In baptism, and a
profession of faith in Christ, we professedly renounce a life of
worldliness ; so far as worldliness and sin are concerned, we
are, in our purpose and endeavors, the same as dead and
buried, — "buried with him by baptism into death" to sin. If
the apostle intended to refer to immersion, would he not have
said, that like as Christ was raised wy^ from the water, so we also
should walk in newness of life .-•
In the passage in Colossians, where circumcision and baptism
are both spoken of, there seems to be equal allusion to the
literal baptism and circumcision of Christ ; that is, none at
all. " In whom ye are circumcised by the circumcision of
Christ ; " that is, by that spiritual circumcision which Christ
performs, delivering you from the corruptions of your sinful
nature. " Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen
with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath
raised him from the dead." Baptism in whatever mode — in
1 8/ 1.] The Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. 413
one mode as much as another — denotes a dying to sin, and a
living to hoHness. It has reference, not to the baptism of
Christ, but to his death and resurrection. All allusions to burial
in baptism as a disappearance beneath the surface of the water,
and an emerging from the water to newness of life, appear fan-
ciful, and unsustained by the real meaning of the Scriptures.
They tend to make one rely unduly on the form, instead of
seeking the true baptism of the Spirit. For baptism is " not
the putting away of the filth of the flesh," — no mere outward
rite or ceremony in any mode, — " but the answer of a good
conscience toward God." This " baptism doth " " now save
us" "by the resurrection of Jesus Christ." (i Pet, iii. 21.)
That is, baptism refers not to the circumcision or the baptism
of our Saviour, but to his death and resurrection. We are
buried with him by baptism into death ; no mere fanciful death
or burial by a momentary withdrawal from human sight, but a
real dying to sin ; being delivered from its power, as a ruling,
domineering, all-controlling principle of action, ^s really as if
already dead and buried ; that like as Christ was raised up
from the dead — not from the river Jordan — by the glory of
the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.
We sometimes hear it said by one, I buried such a brother,
or sister, in baptism. The expression is certainly not scriptu-
• ral. Why might not a person say, with as much propriety, I
made one dead to sin, or I raised one up to newness of life .''
If the passages last under consideration teach a more impor-
tant truth than the proper mode of baptism, and we shall rightly
apprehend them, the time spent upon them will not be in
vain.
Asa result of the entire examination thus far, we conclude
that it cannot be shown from the Scriptures that Christ was
baptized by immersion.
2. But let us look again at that object of Christ's baptism
which we have spoken of as his consecration or anointing to
his great life work. How were the ancient prophets, priests,
and kings consecrated and set apart, each one to his appointed
office .'' Moses, by divine direction, ''poured of the anointing oil
upon Aaron's head, and anointed him, to sanctify him." (Lev.
viii. 12.) Every high priest was thus to be consecrated to his
414 The Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. [July,
sacred office by pouring upon his head. When a king was to
be set over the chosen people, the prophet Samuel, not without
previous explicit instructions from God, " took a vial of oil and
poured it upon ' Saul's ' head, and kissed him, and said, is it
not because the Lord hath anointed thee to be captain over his
inheritance ? " (i Sam. x. i.) And when Saul was set aside for
disobedience, Samuel was directed to fill his horn with oil, and
go and anoint David in the midst of his brethren, which he did,
doubtless, by pouring the oil upon his head, (i Sam. ch. xvi.)
"And the spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day
forward," — came upon him by measure, while it came upon
David's greater son, at his anointing, without measure.
When the prophet Elijah fled from the wrath of Jezebel, and
God appeared to him in Mount Horeb, He said to him. Go,
return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus ; and when
thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king over Syria ; and Jehu,
the son of Nimshi, shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel ;
and Elisha, the son of Shaphat, of Abel-meholah, shalt thou
anoint to be prophet in thy room, (i Kings xix. 15, 16.) Elijah
seems to have discharged in person only that part of this com-
mission which relates to the call of his successor. Elisha
informed Hazael of God's choice of him ' as king, and perhaps
anointed him to that office ; while he commissioned one of the
children of the prophets, a student in theology, as we might
say, to go and anoint Jehu. The method of anointing is given
only in the case of Jehu, but it coincides precisely with the
method of anointing prophets, priests, and kings, as elsewhere
given. He " poured the oil on his head, and said unto him,
Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, I have anointed thee king
over the people of the Lord, even over Israel." (2 Kings ix. 6.)
We thus see that the universal and only method of anointing
priest and king, and doubtless prophet also, when anointed at
all, was by pouring upon the head, by the authority and in the
name of the Lord of Hosts.
Let us now revert to the scene of John's baptism. As he
was preaching and baptizing at the banks of 'the Jordan, then
Cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John to be baptized of
him. (Matt. ch. iii.) John seems at once to have recognized in
Jesus the one mightier than he, whose coming he had foretold.
1 87 1.] The Import and Method of Chris fs Baptism. 415
He professed his imworthiness to administer this rite to one so
much his superior. But his objections were overruled. Together
they went down to, or, if you please, into the water, and there
John solemnly consecrated the Son of the Highest to the great
work laid upon him, and by a simple and appropriate rite in-
ducted him into his threefold office. What, now, was the form
of that rite .-' Shall we venture to assert that the simple form
which God had appointed in ancient times for the consecration
of prophet, priest, and king, was set aside, and another form,
perhaps not any more appropriate, substituted in its stead .''
And what proof can be adduced of any such change of mode .-•
In the absence of'all positive evidence to the contrary, may we
not reasonably conclude that the most probable mode of our
Saviour's baptism, was by having water poured on his head by
him who pointed him out as the Lamb of God, who taketh
away the sin of the world, — God's great High Priest, who
should make an atonement by the sacrifice of himself .'*
But observe, we do not attach any special importance to the
mode of Christ's baptism. We only object to those who attach
so much importance to the mode.
If any person believes that Christ was baptized by immer-
sion, and in consequence prefers that mode himself, he is at
liberty to receive it ; just as any company of believers are at
liberty, if they choose, always to celebrate the Lord's Supper
in an upper room, in a reclining posture, and in connection
with another meal, as our Lord himself did. But when they
come to impose these non-essentials on all other believers, we
must resist their demands.
In conclusion, I notice one objection urged against the view
that has been presented. If neither John the Baptist nor the
disciples of Jesus baptized by immersion, how came it to pass
that in a few centuries immersion was universally practised,
except in the case of invalids, when sprinkling was allowed .■'
It may be explained in part by the general departure from the
simplicity and purity of the gospel of Christ. In the same
ages, celibacy was gradually coming into great repute, as a
more holy state than matrimony. The seeds of monasticism
were sown, and began to spring up, and bring forth their bane-
ful fruit. Popery was taking root, with its system of fastings
4i6 TJie Import and Method of Christ's Baptism. [July,.
and penances, and works of supererogation. There was a
growing attachment to forms and ceremonies ; and thus the
more formal and striking ceremonial of immersion gradually
crowded out the simpler modes of pouring and sprinkling.
And there is another tendency in human nature, not alto-
gether evil in itself, exemplified by Peter when our Saviour
washed the disciples' feet. Amazed at such condescension, and
feeling his own unworthiness, Peter exclaimed. Thou shalt
never wash my feet. Jesus calmly replied : If I wash thee not,
thou hast no part with me. With a sudden and complete revul-
sion of feeling, Peter cried out : Lord, not my feet only, but
also my hands and my head. He would be washed in every
part, to denote the entireness of his consecration to his blessed
Master. And so, we may suppose, in subsequent ages, ardent,
impetuous disciples thought to show the thoroughness of their
devotion by a complete immersion. The same feeling, perhaps,
led to the trine immersion sometimes practised, when the bap-
tized person was plunged beneath the surface of the water at
the name of the Father, again at the name of the Son, and the
third time at the name of the Holy Ghost. The same feeling
sometimes displayed itself in ruide immersion, that the water
might touch every portion of the body.
In the fact that immersion cannot be applied to all, we find
reason to believe that it was never designed by the benignant
Head of the church to be the only valid mode of baptism. If
it be so, many sincere believers, without fault of their own,
by mere physical infirmity, are shut out from the church
visible, and from all participation in its ordinances. In
the beautiful simplicity of sprinkling, or pouring, its applica-
bility to every condition in life, we find an evidence of its divine
origin and designed universality. May the time soon come,
when there shall be evidently one body and one spirit, one
Lord, one faith, one baptism, perhaps not in mode, but one in
spirit and purpose, acknowledged as one, as valid, and suffi-
cient, by all who love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity.
John G. Hale.
Chester, Vt.
1 8/1.] Aiidover Catalogue, September 21, 181 3.
417
CATALOGUE OF THE MEMBERS
THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION, ANDOVER,
SEP. 21, 1813.
SENIORCLASS.
N^afnes.
Residence.
Graduated.
Burr Baldwin
Weston, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1809.
Chauncey Booth
E. Windsor, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1810,
William Eaton
Framingham, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1810.
Willi im Hanford
Norwalk, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1808.
Fifield Holt
Holies, N. H.
Middlebury Coll.
1810.
Benjamin C. Meigs
Bethlehetn, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1809.
Enos Merrill
Falmouth, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1808.
Ephraim H. Newton
Nezvfane, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1810
David Oliphant
Ballston, N. Y.
Union Coll.
1809,
Thaddeus Pomeroy
Southampton, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1810,
Daniel Smith
Milton, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1810.
Benjamin B. Stockton
Lenox, N. Y.
Middlebury Coll.
1809,
Francis D. Wait
Boston, Mass.
Brown Utiiver.
1810,
James Wakeman
Ballston, N. Y.
Union Coll.
1809.
Hezekiah Woodruff
Scipio, N. Y.
Union' Coll.
1810
MIDDLE CLASS
1 .
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
Horatio Bardwell
Goshen, Mass.
Calvin Colton
Longtneadow, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1813,
Ralph Emerson
Holies, N. H.
Yale Coll.
1811,
Jeremiah Flint
Braintree, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1811,
Thomas H. Gallaudet
Hartford, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1805
Salmon Giddings
Ha7-tland, Conn.
Williams Coll.
1811,
William R. Gould
Sharon,, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1811,
Calvin Hitchcock
Westminster, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1811.
Leonard Jewett
Holies, N. H.
Dartmojith Coll.
1810.
David M. Mitchell
N. Yarmouth, Me.
Yale Coll.
1811,
Daniel Poor
Danvers, Mass.
Dartmojith Coll.
i8ir.
Israel W. Putnam
Danvers, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll.
1809.
David M. Smith
Durham, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1811.
4i8
Andover Catalogue, September 21, 18 13.
[July,
Miles P. Squier
Julius Steele
Hervey Talcott
Sylvester Woodbridge
New Haven, Vt.
Bethlehem, Conn.
Coventry, Conn.
Southampton, Mass.
Middlebury Coll. 1 8 1 1 .
Yale Coll. 1 8 1 1 .
Yale Coll. 18 10.
JUNIOR CLASS
m
Names.
Residetice.
Graduated.
Jonathan Adams
Boothbay, Me.
Middlebury Coll.
1812.
Elijah Baldwin
Milford, Conn.
Yale Coll,
1812.
Ebenezer Burgess
Wareham, Mass.
Brown Univer.
1809.
Joseph W. Curtis
Windsor, Vt.
Dartmouth Coll.
1811.
Eleazar T. Fitch
New Haven, Conn.
Yale Coll.
1810.
Thomas R. Gold
Cornwall, Cotiti.
Yale Coll.
1806.
Allen Graves
Rupert, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812,
Herman Halsey
Bridgehampton, N'. Y.
Williams Coll.
1811.
Ebenezer Kellogg
Vernon, Conti.
Yale Coll.
1810.
Cyrus Kingsbury
Alstead, N. H.
Brown Univer.
1812.
Nathan Lord
Berwick, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1809.
Stephen Mason
Litchfield, Conn.
Williams Coll.
1812,
Thomas J. Murdock
Norwich, Vt.
Dart7nouth Coll.
1812,
Robert Page
Reedfield, Me.
Bowdoin Coll.
1810.
Isaac Parsons
Southatnpton, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1811,
George Payson
Fo7nfret, Confi.
Yale Coll.
1812,
Henry Smith
Durham, N. H.
Bowdoin Coll.
1810
Job S. Swift
Addison, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1812
Samuel White
Thetford, Vt.
Dartmouth Coll.
1812
Senior Class 15
Middle Class 17
Junior Class 19
Total 51
[A verbatim copy of " broadside " catalogue in the possession of Rev.
Charles Hammond, of Monson, Mass.]
i87i.]
Andover Catalogue, January, 1817.
419
CATALOGUE
OF THE
PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ANDOVER,
JANUARY, 1817.
Rev. EBENEZER PORTER, Bartlet Professor of Sacred Rhetoric.
Rev. LEONARD WOODS, Abbot Professor of Christian Theology.
Rev. MOSES STUART, Associate Professor of Sacred Literature.
Mr. Eleazer T.
Fitch, Resident Licentiate,
on the Abbot Foundation.
SENIOR CLASS
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
Samuel C. Aikin
Windham, Vt.
Middlebiiry Coll.
1814.
Elihu W. Baldwin
Durham, N. Y.
Yale Coll.
1812.
EbenezerB. Caldwel
Salem, Mass.
Darttnojith Coll.
[814.
George A. Calhoun
Salisbury, Conn.
Hainilton Coll.
r8i4.
Ira Chase
Westford, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
1814.
William Ely
Saybrook, Cotin.
Yale Coll.
[813.
Noah Emerson
Saletn, Mass.
Middlebury Coll.
[814.
Joel Hawes
Brookfield, Mass.
Brown Univer.
r8i3.
Willard Holbrook
Sutton, Mass.
Brown Univer.
1814.
Edward W. Hooker
Norwich, Conn.
Middlebury Coll.
1814.
Jonathan Magee
Colerain, Mass.
Williams Coll.
[814.
Richard C. Morse
Charlestown, Mass.
Yale Coll.
[812.
John L. Parkhurst
Framingham, Mass.
Browft Univer. \
812.
Levi Parsons
Pittsfield, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
[814.
Otis Rockwood
Chesterfield, N. H.
Middlebwy Coll.
[813.
Jesse Stratton
At ho I, Mass.
Williams Coll. ]
814.
Hutchens Taylor
Tyringhatn, Mass.
Williq7ns Coll. i
814.
Carlos Wilcox
Orwell, Vt.
Middlebury Coll. \
813.
Moses E. Wilson
Francestown, N. H.
Middlebury Coll. \
8I4.
Ebenezer B. Wright
Westhampton, Mass.
Williams Coll. \
814.
420
Andover Catalogue, yammry, 1817.
[July,
MIDDLE CLASS.
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
Amzi Benedict
New Canaan, Conn.
Yale ColL \
[814.
Dan Blodget
Randolph, Vt.
Dartmouth Coll. 1
815.
William J. Boardman
Dalton, Mass.
Williams Coll.
[815.
Alvan Bond
Siitton, Mass.
Brown l/niver.
[815.
Samuel W. Brace
Oswego, N. Y.
Hamilton Coll.
815.
Amos W. Burnham
Dunbarton, N. H.
Dartmouth Coll. \
815.
Isaac C. Day
Alfred, Me.
Pliny Yxsk
Shelburne, Mass.
Middlebury Coll.
[814.
Horatio Gridley
Berlin, Conn.
Yale Coll
[815.
Caleb Hobart
Milton, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll.
[815.
Alpha Miller
Sangerfield, N. Y.
Hamilton Coll.
815.
Thomas J. Murdock
A^orwich, Vt.
Dartmouth Coll. 1
812.
David L. Ogden
New Haven, Conn.
Yale Coll. \
814.
Alonzo Phillips
Bradford, Mass.
Middlebury Coll 1
815.
Charles S. Robinson
Granville, Mass.
Williams Coll.
814.
Franklin Sherrill
Richmond, Mass.
Williams Coll.
.815.
Levi Spaulding
Jaffrey, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll,
[815.
David Tenny
Bradford, Mass.
Harvard Univer.
[815.
Aaron Warner
Northampto7i, Mass.
Williams Coll. 1
[815.
John B. Warren
Wilbraham, Mass.
Brown l/niver. 1
[815.
Miron Winslow
Williston, Mass.
Middlebury Coll.
^815.
■n\
JUNIOR CLASS.
Najites.
Residence.
Graduated.
Hiram Bingham
Bennington, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
[8i6.
Cyrus Byington
Stockbridge, Mass.
Theodore Clapp
Easthampton, Mass.
Yale Coll
[814.
William Cone •
East Haddam, Conn.
Yale Coll
1813.
Rodney G. Dennis
New Ipswich, N. H.
Bowdoin Coll.
[816.
Orville Dewey
New York, N. Y.
Williams Coll.
[814.
Luther F. Dimmick
Bridgewater, N. Y.
Hamilton Coll
[816.
Samuel Greene
Stoneham, Mass.
Harvard Univer.
[816.
Charles B. Hadduck
Salisbury, N. H.
Dartmouth Coll.
[816.
Daniel Hemenway
Bridport, Vt.
Middlebury Coll.
.815.
Charles J. Hinsdale
Newark, N. J.
Yale Coll
.815.
Hezekiah Hull
New Haven, Conn.
Yale Coll
.815.
William P. Kendrick
Hollis, N. H.
Harvard Univer.
[816.
James Kimball
Fitchburg, Mass.
Yale Coll.
r8i6.
Jonas King
Hawley, Mass.
Williams Coll.
t8i6.
Abner Morse
Medway, Mass.
Brown Univer.
[816.
I87I.]
Andover Catalogue, yanuary, 1817.
421
James Prentiss
Roxhiry, Mass.
Harvard Univer.
1815.
Henry J. Ripley
Boston, Mass.
Harvard Univer.
1816.
Worthington Smith
Hadley, Mass.
Williams Coll.
1816.
Asa Tliurston
Fitchburg, Mass.
Yale Coll.
1816.
Joseph Torrey
Salem, Mass.
Dartmouth Coll.
1816.
Francis Wayland
Troy, N. Y.
Union Coll.
1813.
John Wheeler
Orford, N. H.
Dartmotith Coll.
1816.
Allen P. White
Pittsfield, Mass.
Dartmotith Coll.
1816.
David Wilson
Hebron, N. Y.
Middkbury Coll.
1816.
PhQo Wright
Tallmadge, Ohio.
. 20
-
. . ^
Senior Class
Middle Class
... 21
Junior
Class
. . . 26
Total, 67
Printed by Flagg
AND Gould, . . . Amdover W
fASS.
[Verbatim copy of catalogue presented to the Seminary Library, by Rev.
E. B. Wright, of the class of 181 7.]
SECOND SERIES. — VOL, III. NO. 3.
28
422 Long Life to the Righteous. [July
LONG LIFE TO THE RIGHTEOUS.
Every thoughtful reader of the Bible has noticed that its
promises of long life to those who religiously keep its precepts
are direct and abundant. Aside from the promise of eternal
life in heaven, there is no other that appeals so gratefully to
Jthe common desires of men as this ; because long life implies
the best of average health, exemptions from violence and from
fatal diseases, a comfortable supply for all ordinary wants, and
a condition the farthest removed from those fears, anxieties, and
troubles that exhaust the vital energies.
The Christian expectation of long life is encouraged by all
those numerous passages of Scripture which promise wisdom
to the believer. Dan. ist, " God gave them knowledge and skill
in all learning and wisdom." This, from its connection, obvious-
ly implies the highest order of intellectual and moral acquire-
ment for the regulation of personal habits, and the doing of
private and public duties. Job 28th, " The fear of the Lord,
that is wisdom, and to depart from evil is understanding."
This applies to religious character and purity, insuring loving
care, providential protection, and salvation by grace from God.
In Mat. 8th, it is the wise man who built his house upon a rock
where it could not be overthrown.
All good gifts are promised to those who keep God's com-
mandments. These must include health and long life, and they
are often specifically mentioned. The promise of God to Jacob
was : " I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither
thou goest." In Ps. 91st, the promise is : " Thou shalt not be
afraid of the terror by night, nor for the arrow that flieth by
day ; nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness ; nor for
the destruction that wasteth at noon day. A thousand shall
fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand, but it shall
not come nigh thee." The Saviour says : " Seek ye first the
kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things
shall be added unto you," " a hundred fold now in this time."
Paul says : " We know that all things work together for good
to them that love God ; " " whether . . . the world, or life, or
death, or things present, or things to come, all are yours." In
I'S/i.] Long Life to the Righteous. 423
Prov. 3d, wisdom is personated as holding in her hands treas-
ures more precious than merchandise of silver, or fine gold, or
rubies, or all the things that can be desired. These she offers
to those who find her, from her right hand length of days,
from her left hand riches and honor. The choicest gifts are,
of course, from the right hand.
God promises especial protection to his children beyond what
he gives to the unbelieving and disobedient. " He shall give
his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways. They
shall bear thee up in their hands lest thou dash thy foot against
a stone." " The Lord preserveth all them that love him ; but
all the wicked will he destroy." " Then spake the Lord to
Paul ... Be not afraid, but speak, and hold not thy peace ;
for I am with thee, and no man shall set on thee to hurt thee."
These are only a few of the many promises of especial protection
given to God's children. The instances recorded of God's actual
care over his children, by providence, or by miracle, or even by
the destruction of the wicked, their and his enemies, are equally
numerous. God's people have been safely passed through deep
waters, saved from famines, pestilences, defeat. . They have
been made victorious, healed of diseases, raised from death.
A great variety of gifts are promised in answer to prayer, and
among them health and long life. It is not doubted that God '
can heal disease, avert violence, strengthen the vital forces,
either by the use of what we call means, or without them.
The whole theory of evangelical religion includes prayer as a
means of securing the favorable exertion of God's power, as
well as his wisdom, or mercy, or grace. The lengthening of
Hezekiah's life is as clearly within the scope of prayer, as
is pardon, the new heart, eternal life, or the comforts of the
Spirit. " Thus saith the Lord, the God of David thy father,
I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears ; behold, I
will heal thee." James teaches, " The prayer of faith shall
save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up." Take out
from the faith of our Christian people all hope that God will
answer prayer in behalf of personal suffering, disease, and
death, or for the health and life of kindred and friends, and a
large part of the blessings and consolations of religion would
be lost. What praying believer doubts that the sick have been
healed, and lives prolonged, in answer to prayer } .
424 Long Life to tJie Rigliteous. [July,
Sound judgment and logical reasoning justify and support
these scriptural promises. The fifth commandment lies directly
in the line of both reason and revelation. " Honor thy father
and thy mother, that thy days may be long in the land which
the Lord thy God giveth thee." A well-ordered household,
and children obedient to parental and divine authority, have the
promise of life and prosperity from God, and from every de-
duction of sound reasoning ; because such government affords
the most effective restraints against vice, crime, selfishness, in-
temperance, and all those licentious habits that breed weak-
ness, disease, and premature death. The keeping of the moral
law is wholesome for body and soul. The sceptic believes the
Bible when he reads, " My son forget not my law, but let thine
heart keep my commandments ; for length of days and long
life and peace shall they add unto thee," Religion does not
teach that God must always announce his presence in the
working-out of his promises by thunder and lightning, as on
Sinai ; or by voice, as to Hezekiah. As He works in nature by
the silent forces of attraction, heat, and light ; as he works in
grace by the Spirit without observation, — so he fulfils his
promise of long life by the quiet results of honest industry,
temperate living, enlightened self-control, chaste habits, a clear
conscience, and a religious trust in God.
There are many causes of death which one who is obedient
to God's word will escape. Our annual registration reports
give from six to ten of these causes, from which no person can
suffer who is pure and obedient. Besides these, there are many
diseases which are either brought on, or aggravated to fatal re-
sults, by habits which the Bible forbids, and from which no good
member of a Christian church will suffer. Habits of eating,
drinking, dressing, exercise, and amusement, indulgences of
appetite, passion, and pride, beget disease or aggravate it, or
weaken the power to resist it. Obedience to God regulates all
these habits in the interests of life and health. Many human
beings do not open their eyes to the light of this world at all,
or, if at all, only to pass a puny, painful, and brief existence,
because of the ungodly habits of those who ought to nurture
them into healthy and long life. The guilty parents, by the
same transgressions, bring upon themselves weakness, pain,
disease, and premature death. The victims of intemperance
1 87 1.] Lo7ig Life to the Righteoiis. 425
are counted annually by thousands. The deaths by intem-
perate eating are not less numerous. Of the multitudes who
die of consumption, fevers, paralysis, apoplexy, convulsions,
cholera, and kindred diseases, a large proportion would survive
if their habits were regulated purely by God's word. Many a
puny child mutely tells to the practised eye of the family phy-
sician, of the violations of God's law, of ill-regulated habits,
appetites, and passions on the part of the parents. Many a
livid complexion, sunken cheek, and nervous derangement tell
unmistakable tales of indiscretion, shame, and sin. Conscious
transgression often shrinks from seeking timely and judicious
advice. Youth and others, while describing the ills their flesh
is heir to, often unwittingly reveal a course of life which they
would gladly conceal, and which, perhaps, they suppose is con-
cealed from all but themselves and their equally guilty asso-
ciates. And when the medical attendant's report is published
to the world, how often, out of regard to the dead or the living,
does it speak one thing, when the physician knows that quite
another name would be much nearer the truth.
It is well known that a spirit calm and fearless, by reason of
a religious trust in God, is conducive to health, and bears up
against disease ; and that conscious guilt and fear invite disease,
and the most fatal types of it. Thus God's people are often
saved from epidemic scourges, and are less exposed to their
most fatal results.
In the years 1842-3 a malignant erysipelas raged in many
portions of Verm.ont. It was very prevalent and fatal in
Orleans County, — some towns losing one out of fifty, forty,
and one town even twenty-five, of its population, in six months,
mostly in six weeks. The pastor at Irasburgh, — Rev. James
Johnson, — a man of ripe experience and sound judgment, as
well as strong faith, inserted in the records of the church that
a precious revival was prevailing at that time, and the thoughts
of the people being thus turned away from the danger of sick-
ness, and fastened upon the goodness and grace of God, who
careth for all, the epidemic almost entirely passed them by.
This is not incredible, neither is it illogical. It is clearly
within the scope of God's promises. Every good physician,
at such times, counsels the sick and the well to calmness and
426 Long Life to the Righteous. [July,
confidence, to avoid the constant expectation of attack, or of
fatal results.' What helper can he have so good and so strong,
as the virtuous lives of his patients, and their strong trust in
the Almighty Father, and the good Physician ?
There are very few persons whose observations have been so
limited that they have not known some* to escape disease, or
to triumph over it, by reason of a constitution invigorated by
pure habits ; and others to invite disease, or to sink under it,
by reason of a constitution weakened by indiscretions and sins.
Thus, all our sound judgment, pure logic, and intelligent obser-
vations fully accord with the divine promises in assuring long
life to the righteous.
Another important element of this investigation comes in
here. Do the facts concerning disease and health, life and
death, warrant all that the Bible and our reasoning encourage
us to expect } Unfortunately, we have as yet on this point
very few statistics so carefully collected as to be of much value.
The writer has some records of this kind which were made
without thought of this use of them ; and he began this discus-
sion of the biblical promises without thought of his parish rec-
ords ; only at this point of the investigation did he turn to
them ; and not till the last calculations on his figures were
made did he have any knowledge, except by faith, of how far
they would agree with the Bible and his logical conclusions.
The results, as the quotients came out, were certainly very
encouraging to faith and rebuking to unbelief.
The record was made with much care. It covers all the
deaths during fifteen years, in an agricultural town — Hines-
burgh, Vermont — containing seventeen hundred inhabitants.
It contains the names of all the decedents, their age at death,
their position as members, or not, of an evangelical church ; or,
if under twenty years of age, the position of their parents as
members, or not, of an evangelical church.
The whole number of the deaths given in this record is 336.
Of these, 202 were over 20 years of age, and no church member
died under 20 years of age. Of these 202, 90 were members
of an evangehcal church, and 112 were not, though at least 28
of these left comforting evidence to their evangelical friends
that they died in the exercise of faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.
1 8/ 1.] Long Life to the Righteous. 427
Of the 90 church members, 23 were Congregationalists. The
others were Baptists and Methodists in nearly equal numbers,
with some Free-will Baptists and Episcopalians. The average
age of the Congregationalists at death is 64.48 years ; of all
the other church members, 61.25 ; of all the 90 church mem-
bers, 62.08; of all the 112 who were not members of any
evangelical church, 49.22 years. The average gain of life for
members of the Congregational church is 15.26 years ; for all
the other church members, 12.03; for all the 90 church
members over those who belonged to no evangelical church,
12.76 years to each.
The number of these 90 church members who lived to be
over 90 years of age is 5 ; of the 112 who were not church
members, 2 ; of church members who lived to be over 80 years
of age, 1 8 ; of the others, 1 1 ; of church members who lived to
be over 70 years of age, 42 ; of others, 24 ; of church members
who lived to be over 60 years of age, 55 ; of others, 43. The
whole number of church members who died wider 60 years of
age is 35 ; of others, 69 ; of church members who died under
50 years of age, is 27 ; of others, 56 ; of church, members who
died under 40 years of age, is 17 ; of others, 46 ; of church mem-
bers who died under 30 years of age, is 10 ; of others, 33.
Reducing the calculation, so as to show what would be the
proportion of deaths of these two classes of persons, in one
hundred who die at these different ages, the result is, that out
of one hundred persons who live to be over 90 years of age, 7 1
are church members, 29 are not ; of 100 who live to be over 80
years of age, 62 are church members, 38 are not ; of 100 who
live to be over 70 years of age, 64 are church members, 36 are
not ; of 100 who live to be over 60 years of age, 56 are church
members, 44 are not. Out of 100 deaths under 60 years of
age, 34 are church members, 66 are not; out of 100 deaths
under 50 years of age, 33 are church members, 6j are not ; out
of 100 deaths under 40 years of age, 27 are church members,
73 are not ; out of 100 deaths under 30 years of age, 23 are
church members, 'J'J are not.
These figures are intensely significant ; and when it is con-
ceded, as it must be, that some church members are very defi-
cient in living by God's word, and some who are not church
428 Long Life to the Righteous. [July,
members do this very scrupulously in many respects, it appears
justifiable to say that the chances of life from twenty years old
and upwards, are at least two to one — may we not say, more
than two to one? — in favor of those who keep the command-
ments of God.
Many persons, on reading this, will feel a desire to know
what these records show as to the effect of Christian nurture
and training upon the health and life of children. It has often
been asserted that religious, and especially Puritan and Sabbath
restraints, injure the vital forces of youth, and expose them to
premature disease and death. Every Christian would be glad
to know the truth in this matter, and all ought to know it. The
promises of the Bible and of sound reasoning are as direct and
positive for the children whose parents keep the commandments
of God, as to the parents for themselves. It is difficult to say
what families, in which children are conceived, born, nurtured,
and trained, regulate the habits of the person and of the house-
hold by God's word, and what families do not. Yet it is rea-
sonable to assume that where one at least of the parents
possesses personal piety, and that love for the Bible and its
ordinances which lead them to seek and maintain membership
in an evangelical church, in that family, the parents will pay
some regard to those laws of God that affect the habits, health,
and life of themselves and their offspring ; there. the Christian
training of children, at home and in society, on the Lord's
day and on other days, will find some respect, and there will
be some faith in the promises of God, and some prayer for the
divine blessing.
The record, already examined with respect to adults, con-
tains the death of 1 34 persons under 20 years of age. Of these,
34 belonged to families where one or both of the parents were
members of an evangelical church, and 100 to other families.
The ratio is nearly as three to one in favor of Christian families.
Though it is not possible to say precisely what the ratio of
these two classes of families has been to each other during all
these fifteen years, it is certain that the number has been
nearly equal, as the whole record of adult deaths would show,
and especially when modified by the fact that in many families
only one parent is a church member.
187 1.] Long Life to the Righteous. 429
Another comparison involves no such uncertainty, and yet
is quite as significant as the former. The average age at death
of the 34 — all that belonged to Christian families — is 7.26
years ; of the 100 others, 3.26 years. The ratio is more than
two to one in favor of the Christian training of children, even
for our low standard of it. What would it be if parents kept,
and taught their children to keep, all the perfect law of God .'*
• The most startling fact of the whole record appears in the
great number, and the greatly disproportionate number, of
deaths in unchristian families, of those precious little innocent
ones that had not vital force enough, or did not receive wise
and religious care enough, to live beyond the first year ; in
believing families the record is six ; in other idivaWiQ?,, forty-one.
The ratio is nearly seven to one against those families where
God is not worshipped, and his word is not regarded ; and this,
too, without counting those numerous cases of both premature
and immature births that never come to the knowledge of the
public, and never find a place on the records of the parish
minister.
This record, and the results deduced from it, require and
justify the following remarks : —
1. This record has been kept with great care, and the results
are facts, not theories. The writer's pastoral labors have made
him familiar with all parts of the town, and all classes of per-
sons ; most of the families have been known to him, and a large
proportion of the decedents. The occupation of the people is
almost entirely agricultural, with only enough mechanics for
doing the needful home labor of that kind. Perhaps one fourth
of the population is of Irish and French-Canadian origin ; at
least one half of this is Protestant, and all of it is closely as-
similated to the American population in habits, industry, and '
means of good living. There is not more poverty among this
class than the other.
2. Individual cases of longevity occur among the intemperate
and the despisers of God's word ; so, too, death takes its vic-
tims from the godly of all ages, and from the families where
God is worshipped and His word honored. Single instances
are of no value, and the ordinary observation of men is of little
account, in an argument for obedience to God's word. But it
430 Long Life to the Righteous. [J^^ly>
is believed that this deduction, from a period of fifteen years,
embracing more than three hundred deaths, in a population of
seventeen hundred, must approximate closely to a lazv of health
and life, which will be found true elsewhere and always.
3. These figures go far to prove that the precepts of the
Bible are in harmony with the laws of nature. They have one
origin, one Author, and they work together for man's good, and
the Creator's honor. The Bible is good for man, for families,
and so for societies and States. The best condition of man
comes from the keeping of it ; the best results come from the
most evangelical, the most rigid views and practice in regard
to it.
4. The philanthropist can benefit the world by encouraging
the greatest reverence for the Bible. He does a positive evil
to men when he weakens their esteem for it, or their scrupulous
obedience to it.
5. There is, even as regards physical and temporal interests,
something actual, genuine, and valuable that comes out of our
church membership. Low as the standard of Christian living
is, it is worth something. Imperfect as our churches are, the
world is the better for them. Their attachment to the Bible
is not merely a show, a sham, a sentiment.
6. If the imperfect obedience these church members gave to
the Bible added more than twelve years to their average length
of life, and preserved so many of their children, what might be
expected if all should keep, perfectly keep, and train their
households to keep, all the perfect law of God .''
If these records and deductions involve no error, they teach
the worth of keeping God's word, and the loss of rejecting it,
so that all who love life, for themselves or for their children,
must say of wisdom, " She is more precious than rubies, and
all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto
her." " Godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise
of the life that now is, and of that which is to come." This
paper is given to the public, in part, to induce others to keep
similar records ; and if they have them, to tell the world what
testimony they bear.
C. E Ferrin.
Hmeiburgh^ Vt.
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 431
CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.
Rev. Pliny Butts Day, d. d., died in Hollis, N. H., July 6, 1869,
aged sixty-three years. He was born in Chester Village, Mass. (now
Huntington), April 21, 1806. His parents were Plin and Deborah
(Butts) Day, both of the old Pilgrim stock, and both sincere Chris-
tians. He entered the academy at Amherst in 1828, graduated
from Amherst College in 1834, and from Andover Theological Sem-
inary in 1837. He was, in his senior year, a deacon in the college
church; and, when in the seminary, superintendent of the South
Church Sabbath school. As a scholar, his position was above the
average. " In his progress," writes a classmate, " he was called
upon to retrace the fewest steps of any man I ever knew."
No slight indication of his strength of character may be found
in the fact that he secured an education under many disadvan-
tages. He supported himself through his nine years of student
life.
During the winter months of his senior year at Andover, he
engaged in missionary labor among the Catholics of Canada. Before
his graduation, he accepted a call to the First Congregational Church
in Derry, N. H. He was ordained and installed October 4, 1837.
October 22, 1839, he married Emily Haskell, of Rockport, Mass.
His pastorate in Derry lasted thirteen and a half years, during
which time there were 120 additions to the church by profession of
faith, and 47 by letter. Nov. 29, 1850, he lost his wife, and early in
1 85 1, worn down by constant labors and the burden of his grief, he
obtained release from pastoral responsibilities, and sought rest and
a change of scene in foreign travel. He was dismissed June 9, 185 1.
During that summer he visited England and Scotland, France and
Switzerland, recording his observations in a series of letters, which
were published in the Congregational Journal.
On his return, he accepted a call to Hollis, N. H., and with his
installation there, July 7, 1852, commenced a pastorate which con-
tinued till his death, seventeen years within a day. On the 8th of the
following September he married Mary B. Chapin, of Springfield,
Mass. By the first wife he had three children, two daughters and
one son, all now living ; by the second wife, four sons, one of whom
died in infancy.
Shortly after his settlement in Derry, he was chosen a trustee of
Pinkerton Academy. In 1863, he became a trustee of Dartmouth
432 Congregational Necrology. [July,
College. In 1865, he received from the same institution the degree
of doctor of divinity.
During his life, ten of his sermons were published at the request
of his people.
Having been working with even more than ordinary diligence, a
few weeks before his last sickness he remarked to friends that he
was greatly wearied, and should soon take a long vacation. Suddenly^
without other warning than this general exhaustion, from which none
anticipated immediate results, he was seized with a fatal sickness.
His disease was on the brain. During his brief illness, though at
times his suffering was intense, he was uniformly patient, cheerful,
and submissive. "I should like," he said, "to live to do more for
my family and my people ; but I have no desire to live except to
do good." " My faith in Christ does not wane." " I have never had
more peace and happiness than on this sick bed."
His funeral was largely attended. The sermon was preached by
Rev. J. G. Davis, d. d., of Amherst, N. H. This has since been
printed. Other ministers — including Dr. Wallace, of Manchester,
Dr. Bouton, of Concord, and Dr. Richards, formerly of Nashua —
assisted in the exercises.
Dr. Day has left behind him a precious memory. His benevolent
countenance, beaming with apostolic purity, sympathy, and gentle-
ness, compelled the love of strangers. There was an atmosphere
of saintliness about him which won instant confidence. His heart
overflowed with charity, and, while he never palliated sin, he was
alwavs anxious to find excuses for the sinner. His sweetness of
disposition was no small source of his power as a minister. His
strength lay rather in the balance of his powers, than the super-
eminence of any one of them.
In such a character, as we might expect, there was a strong foun-
dation of good common-sense. Practical every-day wisdom, and a
keen knowledge of human nature, were distinguishing traits. He
was remarkable for his administrative qualities and superior busi-
ness capacity. In consequence, his advice was sought far and wide.
He was the Oberlin of his parish. The schools were mainly under
his direction. His people consulted him as to where they should
send their children for the advanced education which the town could
not furnish. If any were in difficulty of any nature, they invariably
sought him for counsel. Largely through his influence, a very unu-
sual proportion of the young men of the town have obtained a col-
legiate education. Nor was this peculiarity of care confined to the
town. He held the place of counsellor for a wide circle of relations
and ministerial brethren.
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 433
Intemperance was a vice he constantly battled. It was due to him,
more than to any one else, that Hollis sent more of her young men
into the army than most of the surrounding towns.
Sweetness of disposition is sometimes combined with weakness of
character. Not so with Dr. Day. He had great decision of char-
acter, and beneath a gentle exterior lay an independent will. On
questions of principle he was like a rock. There was, however,
nothing obstinate in his make. The will was there, but it was a
will of principle, not of vanity ; a will of meekness, not of conceit.
He never showed signs of an unholy ambition, or of selfishness or
pride.
As might be concluded, Dr. Day was never a recluse. He was a
faithful student, and conscientiously put hard work upon his ser-
mons ; but with such a rounded character as his, it was not possible
for him to devote all his time to the preparation of sermons, to the
neglect of pastoral and public duties. It is not eulogy to say that
he was a model pastor. He became, also, one of the fathers of the
New Hampshire churches, being several times chosen moderator
of their General Association, and holding an enviable position in
the esteem of the ministry and their people. His words in public
counsels were few and unpretentious, but seldom failed of a decisive
influence. Yet there never was with him any assumption of authority.
He vvas a leader, unconsciously to himself, and even to those in-
fluenced by him.
His sermons were thoughtful, eminently practical, remarkably
varied in their topics. They were not metaphysically profound, but,
what was better, they were packed with plain applications of great
truths to the every-day life of a quiet, farming community. They
had the great excellence of adaptation.
Dr. Day was not a man of eccentricities. He was not a great
man, according to common estimates ; but according to the standards
of the Bible, and the convictions of Christians, he was truly great,
for he was a thoroughly good man, an eminently wise man, and an
unusually useful man. A. P. f.
Rev. Eli Thurston, d. d., was born in Brighton, Mass., June
14, 1808. He was the son of Eli and Frances (Burnell) Thurs-
ton. When about five years of age, he removed with his parents to
Jamaica Plain, where his father died in 1817. This loss broke up
the family, and Eli went to live with a godly uncle in Westboro.' At
seventeen, he moved again to Millbur}', to learn the trade of a gun-
smith. Here he was converted in his twentieth year, and immediately
434 Congregaticnal Necrology. [July*
turned himself to studying for the ministry. He fitted for college at
Day's Academy, Wrentham, graduated at Amherst College in 1834,
spent the following year in Andover Seminary, and the next two
years with Rev. Dr. Ide, of West Medway. While with him he sup-
plied for some time the pulpit in East Medway, and also spent sev-
eral weeks with Rev. Dr. Emmons, in writing out his manuscript ser-
mons for publication. He was approbated to preach by the Mendon
Association, August 16, 1836, and was ordained and installed January
3, 1838, as pastor of the church in Hallowell, Me. He continued
pastor for ten years, was dismissed in July, 1848, and installed
March 21, 1849, over the Central Church in Fall River, Mass. He
remained here over twenty years, declining many, and some very
pressing invitations to other churches, until he suddenly and unex-
pectedly was called to take his seat amongst the elders in the
church triumphant. .
His death was occasioned by congestion of the lungs, from a
cold caught in Boston while visiting his sick son. After struggling
a week, he sank rapidly, and died a few minutes past the midnight of
the Sabbath, December 19, 1869, at the age of sixty-one. His last
words were characteristic — " Thy will be done ! — on this I rest."
Dr. Thurston married, first, Martha Caroline, daughter of Philo
Sanford, formerly of Wrentham, June 20, 1838. She died Nov. 7,
1852, leaving a son and daughter. Second, Julia Sessions, of Fall
River, Jan. 24, 1854, who has had also a son and daughter, and, with
all his children, is still living.
In theology, Dr. Thurston was ranked and avowed himself as a
Hopkinsian Calvinist ; holding that moral agency, both divine and
human, consists in volition, and that sin consists in sinning. In this
theory, he held all the doctrines of religion clear and consistent.
His sermons were all constructed on the basis of his theology,
which gave to them no small part of their instructiveness, and power
of holding the attention. They, every one, had some positive pith
to them.
As a preacher, he was specially remarkable for the distinct and
lucid statement of his theme, the directness and cogency of his argu-
ments, the clearness and nicety of his illustrations, and the Anglo-
Saxon fervor with which he carried his message home to his hearers.
The degree of d. d., received from his Alma Mater in 1S66, has been
seldom given to a more deserving person.
In his various relations, as pastor, citizen, etc., he was positive,
faithful, and entirely affable. The poor and the afiflicted families es-
pecially loved him. On moral questions, he was a decided and
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 435
strong champion, earnest for Pilgrim moralities, as well as principles ;
he was of course ready always to advocate the cause of Freedom,
Temperance, and the Sabbath. So earnest was he, that, whenever
any moral interest became involved in political movements, he en-
tered personally into the caucus and upon the platform to advocate
what he regarded the right. In all respects, he was a strong soldier
of the Lord, not to be frightened or cajoled from his convictions 01
duty ; and when he died, the whole city and the community were
stirred with deep grief at their irreparable loss. m. b.
Rev. George Lee Woodhull died in Onawa, Monona County,
Iowa, October ist, 1870, in the thirty-eighth year of his age. He
was born October 3, 1832, at Ronkonkoma, Suffolk County, Long
Island. He was the seventh of a family of eleven children. His
father, Richard Woodhull, and his grandfather, John Woodhull, lived
also on Long Island. His mother was Fanny Greene, a native of
Hanover, N. H. In his youth, George's father died, when he was
placed by his mother under the care of Miss Susan Helme, a pious
aunt who lived at Miller's Place, L. I. At the age of seventeen,
George, of his own choice, apprenticed himself to his oldest brother,
Mr. Frank Woodhull, a carpenter. This brother soon removing
from Sayville, L. I., to Addison, Steuben County, N. Y., George ac-
companied him and remained with him for nearly four years'. In the
year 1852, during a revival in Addison, he took a decided stand as a
Christian, and united with the Presbyterian church in that place.
His friends believe that he was converted ten years previously, at a
revival in Miller's Place, or perhaps at a still earlier date.
In his twenty-first year, he began to think seriously of prepar-
ing for the ministry. Being released from his brother's service, he
entered the Addison Academy, and, Oct. 30, 1854, the Franklin In-
stitute, Delaware County, N. Y. He left this school July 8, 1857,
and resided for a year with his brother. Rev. John A. Woodhull, at
Wadham's Mills, N. Y. He spent this year in teaching, and in com-
pleting his preparation for college. He entered the Freshman class
at Yale College Sept. 14, 1858, and graduated in 1862. He also
graduated from Yale Theological Seminary, in 1865. Several of his
vacations were spent in teaching at Coventry and Plymouth, Ct,
and at other places. Believing that the West needed his services
more than the East, he decided to go to Western Iowa. He was or-
dained to the work of the ministry at Onawa, Monona County, Iowa,
July 18, 1866, in which place he continued until his death.
From his childhood he was a model Christian. The brother to whom
436 Congregational Necrology. [July,
he was apprenticed says, " My impression is that he was converted
very young. I do not think he could ever give the day and hour of
his conversion. Many supposed him to be a member of the church
long before he was actually such. He was very different from most
young men, never trifling and frivolous, but meek, quiet in dispo-
tion, always cheerful, kind, and obliging."
Mr. Woodhull was a man of unusually firm religious principle.
After he learned duty, he never seemed to waver. This trait was
prominent in his collegiate and ministerial life. He had the stuff of
a martyr in him, and, in times of religious persecution, would have
gone to the stake. Another prominent trait was forgetfulness of
self. He made more sacrifices, he endured more opposition in his
ministerial work, than are demanded from most pastors. He liter-
ally forgot himself in devotion to his work. Many things conspired
to make his life in Onawa unattractive. The church was feeble and
despondent. They had no house of worship. The community were
divided into sects. The Universalists were strong. In this field,
Mr. Woodhull labored with a perseverance rarely equalled. He felt
that God had given him a work to do in Onawa. He was determined
to do that work, whatever became of his own interests.
As a preacher, he was sound rather than popular. He was faith-
ful in presenting the distinctive evangelical doctrines. As a pastor,
he had a rare tact with children. His Sabbath school engaged much
of his time, both on the Sabbath and through the week. He was
never weary of teaching the children to sing, of drilling them for his
Sabbath-school concerts, and of instructing them in the way of life.
Mr. WoodhuU's most noticeable work in Onawa was the erection of
a meeting-house. He himself went to the East twice to solicit funds,
and collected in small sums over two thousand dollars, a task
which none can appreciate except from experience. He advanced
money from his own salary, he bought the materials in Chicago, he
superintended the work of building, he labored unweariedly with his
own hands upon the house which now stands as his monument.
While working upon the house, he took a slight cold, which resulted
in sickness that finally terminated his life. He died peacefully, full •
of trust in Christ. His influence upon Onawa cannot be over-esti-
imated. His patient sacrifices, his unswerving fidelity to principle,
have left an impression upon the church and community, which is
bearing fruit. He rests from his labors, and his works do follow him.
Mr. Woodhull was married, August 28, 1867, to Miss Eleanor
Bristol, of New Preston, Ct., who, with his aged mother, and all
his brothers and sisters, except the youngest brother, survive to
mourn his loss. j. H. m.
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Neavlogy. 437
Rev. George Diah Alonzo Hebard died at Oskaloosa, Iowa,
Dec. II, 1870, aged 39. ,
Mr. Hebard was born at Brookfield, Orange County, Vt., Sept. 6,
183 1, ten days after the death of his father, Diah Hebard, son of
Zebulon Hebard, of Randolph, in the same county, one of the largest
and wealthiest landholders of that region. The family descended
from John Hebard, — who followed the Pilgrim Fathers from Eng-
land,— and were farmers in successive generations. The subject of
this sketch was of the sixth generation. Most of the numerous
descendants of John Hebard, and of his two brothers, write the name
" Hibbard." Diah Hebard was a Baptist, with a Congregational
leaning ; Sarah Avrill, his wife, was a Methodist ; their sixth son,
and eighth child, George Diah Alonzo, was fitted for college in a
Vermont school (at Randolph Centre), by a Congregational min-
ister, Rev. George Nutting, since missionary of the A. B. C. F. M.
in China, and at the Bakersfield and Thetford academies ; was
converted in one Congregational college, Amherst, and graduated
at another, Dartmouth (1854) ; studied theology in a Presbyterian
seminary, Union, New York ; married an Episcopalian, Miss Mar-
garet E. Marven, of Woodstock, New Brunswick, May 13, 1856;
preached at Clayville, N. Y., Clinton, Iowa, and Iowa City, to Pres-
byterian churches, and was last pastor of Congregational churches
at Iowa City and Oskaloosa. He was ordained at Iowa City, at the
meeting of the Iowa Synod in September, 1858.
Mr. Hebard was an earnest, laborious, studious man, and an
able, energetic, and successful minister of Christ. The intensity of
his convictions, and Ifis enthusiasm and self-denial in carrying them
out, wore upon his slight physical strength ; he probably brought
with him to the West the seeds of lung disease ; he was sometimes
disabled by thij^ and nervous prostration. He had recently visited
Colorado and California for rest and invigoration. The Congrega-
tional church of Denver invited him to become their minister, but the
task seemed to him beyond his strength. Two months among the
mountains, however, gave him renewed health and hope ; but expo-
sure in pastoral work brought on inflammation of the lungs, of
which he died after a brief illness. While he was at Iowa City, his
church — started and sustained largely with Congregational mate-
rials and aid, and never successful as a Presbyterian organization —
decided, nearly unanimously, to unite with a former Congregational
church, decimated by removals, and become Congregational. Mr.
Hebard saw that two chi\rches were not needed ; that Congregation-
alism would be more acceptable to the people, and that this move-
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 3. 29
438 Congregational Necrology. [Jul>'7
ment, and this alone, promised a strong, useful, and prosperous
church ; and he was by birthright and training an unsectarian,
liberal man. He entered into the responsible and delicate work,
made more difficult by sectarian jealousies and foments, with his
whole heart. Trials and sickness were his lot in it, as well as self-
denials and toils; he had his share of misrepresentation and
abuse ; but he bore himself discreetly, and in a Christian spirit ;
and though health and strength endured a severe. strain, his spiritual
character was manifestly deepened and improved. He gathered a
strong church, and built a beautiful house of worship, and then went
for (comparative) rest to Oskaloosa. His ministry in his new field
was devoted and zealous, as elsewhere. The church at Clinton had
grown in his three and a half years' ministry, from thirteen to sixty
members ; the increase at Iowa City after the union was large and
cheering ; and in not quite two years of service at Oskaloosa, he
saw the congregation doubled, and the church membership greatly
enlarged.
Mr. Hebard was a somewhat vehement preacher, overtaxing often
both lungs and nerves ; direct, unhesitating, impulsive in address :
active, restless, and unsparing of himself in out-door and pastoral
labors ; and yet fond of certain early studies, the pursuit of which he
habitually maintained. He was uncompromising and fearless on ques-
tions of duty. In his first work of nine months at Clayville, he refused
to marry divorced parties, though an unusually large fee was ofiered.
He went to this work the day after his theological graduation. He
reached Davenport a few hours after a request from Clinton for a
minister had come to Rev. Jesse Guernsey, of the A. H. M. S.,
and the next day he was at Clinton. In the trials of the church
reorganization at Iowa City, he never paltered or faltered. When his
wife protested against his excessive overwork for the new edifice, he
was accustomed to reply, " That church shall be built if it costs me
my life." He did not mean to rust out, and he did w&2iX out in the
service of the Master and His church. g. f. m.
Rev. Nelson Bishop was born in East Hartford (now Man-
chester), Ct., Nov., 20, 1802. He was the seventh son of Samuel
and Sarah (Chapman) Bishop. They had eight sons and five
daughters.
The subject of this sketch was converted under the preaching of
Rev. Mr. Cook, of East Hartford, in the winter of 1820, and united
with the Congregational church in that place, April 29, 182 1, and
1 87 1.] Congregational Necrology. 439
immediately commenced preparation for the work of the ministry,
under private tutorship, in his native place. He entered Bangor
Seminary in 1823, and graduated Aug. i, 1827. He was licensed
to preach Dec. 20, 1826, at Bangor, by the Hancock and Penobscot
County Association. Nov. 19, 1828, he was ordained, and installed
pastor of the Congregational church in Clinton, Me.
In the latter part of the third year of his pastorate in Clinton, his
health began to fail, in consequence of overwork. Three services
on Sunday, and one every other day in the week, however, were kept
up for months, till health was completely prostrated. In conse-
quence of this, after nearly six years of assiduous labor, he resigned
his charge, and was dismissed Aug. 24, 1834.
Leaving Clinton, he went to Andover, Mass., and became a resi-
dent member of the theological seminary. He remained at Andover
about four years, preaching often during that time.
While there he received a call from the Congregational church
in Weathersfield, Vt, and was installed Nov. 19, 1839, Rev. Z.
Barstow, d. d., of Keene, N. H., preaching the sermon.
Feb. 22, 1842, he was dismissed from the pastoral charge to
become associate editor of the Vermont Chronicle. His name first
appeared as one of the editors of that paper, March 5, 1842. In
this capacity he labored with great assiduity and good success till
Jan. I, 1866, nearly twenty-four years.
Closing his connection with the Chronicle, he became associate
editor of the Boston Recorder, remaining there till the sale of the
Recorder to the Congregationalist, in 1869. From that time he was
variously engaged, preaching occasionally, and some part of the time
at work distributing Bibles, under the direction of the Vermont
Bible Society, and for the last few months of his life he was agent
for the Congregationalist and Recorder, in eastern Vermont. He
was away from home on that agency, when attacked with pleuro-
pneumonia, of which he died, after only a week's severe illness,
Jan 10, 187 1, at the house of Rev. J. P. Humphrey, pastor at East
St. Johnsbury, Vt., whom he assisted in the services of the sanctuary
the last Sabbath but one that he spent on earth. This was just as
Mr. Bishop would have had it. He preferred to work till called
home. He could bear almost anything better than being useless.
His illness was too severe to allow him to converse, to any extent;
but in all he did say, he manifested a calm, assured trust in God.
His remains were brought to his home in Windsor, Vt, whence his
family, attended by a large circle of friends, bore him to his burial,
the services being conducted by his pastor. Rev. S, P. Cook ,
assisted by Rev. J. P. Humphrey, at whose house he died.
440 Congregational Necrology, [July,
Mr. Bishop was first married in 1833 (?), to Miss Elizabeth
McLean, daughter of Deacon McLean, of Manchester, Ct, a lady
of high culture and noble endowments, but of slender physical
constitution. She lived but fourteen months after their marriage.
Mr. Bishop's second marriage was Nov. 27, 1844, to Miss Susan
Converse, daughter of the late Rev. James Converse, who was for
thirty-seven years pastor of the same church in Weathersfield where
Mr. Bishop was settled in 1839. Mr. Bishop was the father of six
children, two sons and four daughters, three of whom are still living.
It will be seen that a large part of Mr. Bishop's public life was
spent as an editor, in connection with the religious press. Yet,
in becoming an editor, he by no means ceased to be a minister.
On the contrary, one of the strong reasons for leaving his parish
at Weathersfield, to become an editor of the Chronicle, was the
fact that the ministers and churches of the State and vicinity
greatly needed the help of a vigorous and decidedly outspoken
newspaper. Those were days of sharp discussion and bitter op-
position on several questions, especially temperance and slavery.
Newspapers, ministers, and churches were often sadly conservative.
They needed the help, if not the whip and spur, of outspoken edi-
torials, and fearless utterances in public gatherings. Mr. Bishop
was never afraid of telling the truth, however unwelcome it might be
to blinded eyes and deaf ears. This, as we have no doubt, was his
divinely appointed work in connection with the Vermont Chronicle,
as the organ of the Congregational churches. All this time Mr.
Bishop was more or less among the churches, not only preaching on
the Sabbath, but attending conferences, conventions, and other reli-
gious, educational, and reformatory gatherings ; thus, not only
keeping himself in close, practical sympathy with them, but utter-
ing his own well-matured opinions boldly, for the encouragement of
the timid.
In debate, on any moral or ecclesiastical question, Mr. Bishop
"was an antagonist not easily handled." His perception was clear,
and his statements logical. Especially was he apt and forcible in
quoting from the Bible. He was very familiar with ecclesiastical
and conventional forms, and kindly but firmly tenacious of their
observance. Few men will be missed from our State Congrega-
tional Convention more than he.
He was clear, logical, and eminently biblical in his preaching, and
no,, one could listen to his discourses without profit. His sermons
were always directly aimed at the conscience and heart.
He was a remarkably punctual man, seldom failing to be on time
iSyi.] Congregatmial Necrology. 441
for any appoihtment, and never failing without a substantial reason.
He deplored laxity in anything, and hence looked on some so-called
improvements with jealousy. To a stranger he might seem sharp.
But he had really the heart of a child for simplicity and sympathy.
Serious and earnest as he uniformly seemed, he had a rich vein of
geiijaine mirthfulness, which made him an enjoyable companion. He
was a thoroughly good man, a man of prayer and faith ^and devout
Bible study, and we have no doubt has now a place near the Re-
deemer in the realms of light. L. H. C.
Rev. James Lockwood Wright, pastor of the Congregational
church in Haddam, Ct., died Jan. 18, 187 1.
Mr. Wright was born at Glastonbury, Ct., May 12, 18 10. His
father, Joseph Wright, was a graduate of Yale College, and to strong
native powers, developed by liberal culture, joined a character dis-
tinguished for sincere and active piety.
Sarah Wright, the mother of James, was the daughter of Rev. Wil-
liam Lockwood, a graduate of Yale College (1774), a chaplain
in the army of the Revolution, and subsequently pastor of the
Congregational church at Milford and at Glastonbury, Ct. She
was a woman eminently qualified, both by natural endowments and
religious education, for the important station which she was called in
life to fill.
From the blended influence of piety and culture which centred in
the home of his childhood, the son received the impressions which
gave direction to his honored and useful life. He began his prepar-
atory studies with Rev. Joab Brace, of Newington, Ct., where, during
a revival of religion, he was hopefully converted at the age of
sixteen. He finished his preparation 'for college at the Hartford
Grammar School, under the instruction of E. P. Barrows, since more
widely known as professor in the Theological Seminary at Andover.
He was graduated at Yale College in 1832, and at Yale Theo-
logical Seminary in 1835, and was licensed to preach by the New
Haven East Association during the last year of his theological
course.
He was ordained to the work of the ministry by the Hartford
South Association, June 4, 1839. The sermon was preached by
Rev. Joseph Whittlesy.
Induced in part by the state of his health, which was not adequate
to the continuous duties of the pastoral relation, he decHned invita-
tions to settle, and devoted himself for several years to the profession
of teaching ; still, however, preaching the Word, and maintaining a
442 Congregational Necrology. [July,
lively and growing interest in theological studies. During these
years he rendered much service to various churches, including some
which were destitute of a stated ministry, and others which, in times
of special religious interest, required an unusual amount of minis-
terial labor. His affability in intercourse with others, his knowl-
edge of the human mind, and his clear and discriminating view of
the doctrines of Scripture, made him a judicious and effective helper
in seasons of revival. Among the churches which enjoyed the
benefit of his labors in this earlier period of his ministry, may be
mentioned the First Church in New Britain, the churches in North
Branford, Wolcottville, and Wapping. His first settleinent was at
Burlington, Ct., at which place he was installed May 7, 1849, and
dismissed in December, 1854.
He was installed as pastor of the church in Haddam on the i6th
of May, 1855.
As a preacher, he had a strong love for his caUing, and many
elements of peculiar fitness for it. He was an honest, earnest,
independent thinker. He loved biblical study. Educated under
the influence of that master-mind. Dr. N. W. Ta3dor, in cordial
sympathy with the essential features of the New England theology,
he accepted no views on mere human authority.
While he was attracted to various fields of knowledge, mental
science was, next to theology, his favorite. He was ready, accurate,
and clear in the comprehension and statement of truth.
Of the cause of temperance he was an unwearied advocate ; of
education, a devoted patron and friend. He fostered an undying
attachment to the great principles in which our republican institu-
tions, in state and nation, have their strength.
When he had laid a son, greatly beloved, on the altar of his
country ; when he had returned from the sad scenes of conflict amid
which that young life went out, bringing with him the emaciated and
lifeless remains of one, but a few weeks before strong in the vigor
and promise of youth, he felt that his cup was full. But while there
came with this event a burden upon his heart which he was never
able to throw off", it was borne in humble submission to the infinite
.will ; it helped him to sympathize with all who had been brought to
a like affliction, and to estimate the sacredness of the cause by the
price which had been paid for its success.
The domestic relations of Mr. Wright were most fortunate, — such
as contributed greatly to his happiness and usefulness in his minis-
terial work. He was married May 30, 1838, to Miss Lucy A. North,
daughter of James North, Esq., of Middletown, Ct.
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 443
Three children — one daughter and two — sons share with the
mother the sad bereavement, and yet have the consolation that
*' they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament \
and they that turn many to righteousness, as the stars for ever and
ever," S. w. R.
Rev. Amos Wood Burnham, d. d., died at Keene, N. H., April
9th, 187 1, at the residence of his son-in-law, J. Homer Darling,
M. D., in the eightieth year of his age. The son of Samuel and
Mary (Perkins) Burnham, he was born at Dunbarton, N. H.,
August I, 1 79 1, the youngest of fifteen children, and, as he always
delighted to say, "was brought up in the nurture and admonition
of the Lord." Peculiar and sacred were some of the incidents
of his early life, and the ministry was, from his boyhood, his
desire and his evident profession. He graduated at Dartmouth
College in 18 15, and at the Theological Seminary at Andover in
1818. He was the first principal of Blanchard Academy at Pem-
broke, N. H., which owed its origin mainly to his brother. Rev.
Abraham Burnham, d. d., for forty-two years pastor of the Congrega-
tional church in that place. He was ordained pastor of the First
Congregational Church in Rindge, N. H., Nov. 14, 182 1, the first
and only place he preached as a candidate, and the pastoral relation
was dissolved at his own urgent and repeated request at the close of
the forty-sixth year of his ministry. In many respects it was one of
the most successful, as it certainly was one of the longest, pastorates in
New England in these latter times. The historical address delivered
by him at the close of the fortieth year of his ministry (and printed)
was full of valuable and entertaining church and town history.
Dr. Burnham secured to a remarkable degree the confidence and
love of his people, and the respect and honor of his brethren in the
ministry. In thorough and practical knowledge of ecclesiastical laws
and usages and of theological doctrine, he had few superiors ; his
counsel was widely sought ; and his reputation for impartial exami-
nations, and calm and well-considered judgments, was well deserved.
Prominent in all matters pertaining to public welfare, civil, religious,
educational, and social, he filled an important position for good, not
only in Rindge, which owes a large share of its honorable name to
his efforts in its behalf, but in the county and State. Although never
seeking, but rather shunning, public life, he occupied many places of
public trust. He was an accurate scholar, and his style, whether in
speech or in print, was a model of purity and precision. His famil-
iarity with the Bible was remarkable, and the reading and critical
444 Congregational Necrology. [July,
study of the New Testament in the original, his delight and a daily
pastime, even to within a few hours of his last sickness. As a
preacher, he was earnest, logical, and simple ; his sermons were
instructive, and so carefully systematic in plan that the argument
was never confused nor lost sight of by the hearer. Integrit}'- and
candor were prominent characteristics, while a keen relish for the
humorous continually enlivened his conversation, and, united with
his varied knowledge, rendered him one of the most genial and
enjoyable of companions. He exemplified the model New England
pastor, and as such will long be held in loving remembrance.
He married Tirzah, daughter of Ebenezer Kimball, of Hill, May
9, 1822. About two years ago. Dr. Burnham and wife removed to
Keene, to reside with a son-in-law, and there passed pleasantly the
quiet sunset of his successful life.
His last sickness was severe, but was borne with beautiful Chris-
tian patience, and his whole conversation was of a nature to impress
all with the noble as well as the lovely traits of his character. Sel-
dom is the whole range of religious doctrine and life so well set forth
in simple faith and clear appreciation, as was here manifested ; and
while it would be impossible to quote even a small portion of his
conversation, it may all be condensed into one expression with which
he closed a calm statement of his views : " Jesus Christ is all in all^
J want nothing more, I can do with nothing less."
Funeral services were held in the Second Congregational Church
(Rev. Mr. Leach), numerous clergymen officiating, and a very
appropriate sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Barstow, of Keene,
for half a century the ministerial brother and warm friend of the
deceased. The remains were carried to Rindge, and in the church
where Dr. Burnham for forty-six years preached the gospel, services
were held of a very touching nature. The church was draped in
mourning, and was crowded with a tearful congregation. Nine cler-
g}'men were present to assist in paying their last tribute to his
memory, and the remarks made were appropriate and tender.
Beside two children who had gone before him to the better land, he
now lies in the churchyard of old Rindge, where also lie so many
of those whom he loved to call "my dear people."
1 8/ 1.] Literacy Review. 445
LITERARY REVIEW.
THEOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS.
" Orthodox Congregationalism and the Sects," > in three chapters, states
and defends our polity, and in conclusion prophesies great results by the
year 1920. The work has the merit of an uncommonly clear and vigorous
style, frequent force in statement, and evidence of much reading during the
long and ample rest with which the author has been favored.
We are afraid that the work will repel, rather than convince, " the sects."
The burlesque of the title, carried through the whole discussion, may be
taken as serious by some who can never see the point of a joke, and who
will suppose that the author really means that we are " the church," and
that all other denominations are " sects." He has guarded against this,
indeed, by some principles which, rigidly applied, would make us a "sect,"
a decidedly snug Httle Zion by ourselves. But the careless reader may not
notice this concession. As it is, the Methodist will hardly be propitiated by
having his social life called " rustic." The Baptist knows that " the quan-
tity of water " is not the substance of his position, and he will scarcely be
enlightened by the (alternative) scientific explanation that his faith is due
" to an occult constitutional predisposition, arising from some craniological
peculiarity which has escaped the attention of the anatomists, or some
psychological obliquity which has eluded the search of the philosophers."
The Episcopalian will be surprised to learn that his church originated with
" Miss Lizzie Tudor," and not flattered to know that converts enter it as
" a retreat for penuriousness "; especially considering that the American
Episcopalians, with 2 17,000 communicants, in 1870 contributed over $5,-
000,000, and in Massachusetts raised a sum which would, pro rata, require
of us nearly $3,000,000, — a sum we certainly did not raise. Dr. Clarke
represents the Rev. David Green Haskins, an Episcopalian, as saying,
" Confirmation is absolutely indispensable to the reneival of the heart?''
When one author professes to quote another, the common principles of
honesty and honor require correctness in the citation of language. The
sentence here given is not to be found in the treatise of Mr. Haskins. The
nearest approach to it is where, speaking of confirmation, he says, " Its
special bestowment — the gift of the Holy Ghost — is absolutely indispen-
sable to the renewal of the he^rt." Nor is this difference merely verbal.
We regret to say that the positions of both Baptists and Episcopalians are
substantially misstated. The Presbyterians, however, will rejoice to know
that they are sounder in faith than we are ; and we fear that they will think
that their polity is therefore better than ours. On the whole, we hope that
the organs of the " sects " will not review this work, or, at least, that their
refutation will not fall into the hands of any complacent Congregationalists
1 Orthodox Congregationalism and the Sects. By Rev. DoRUS Clarke, d, d.
Boston : Lee & Shepard. 1871. pp. 169. i2mo.
44^ Literary Review. [July>
who are ignorant of the other side. We wish, in advance, to disclaim this
work as a model of Congregational courtesy or fairness.
The "grounds of Orthodox Congregationalism" are often forcibly stated,
though less thoroughly than by Punchard or Dexter. Occasional inadver-
tences need correction. Thus : " All other church polities have other
origins. They have never claimed, and do not now claim, that they origi-
nated in the Congregation.''^ We hope not, for their sanity. If we make
no higher claim, we may as well surrender. " Congregationalism holds
that the Christian church is a voluntary association of believing men and
women for church purposes, and that it is fully competent to manage its
own affairs." No. " The Christian church " will never meet in this world.
If he means "la: Christian church," his definition (and not his alone) is
sadly defective. The church state is imperative. The church is a divine
institution, ordained by Christ, and outlined in the Scriptures. Member-
ship is voluntary, but the church is Christ's. We are tired of definitions
so incomplete as to exclude every divine feature, and to reduce churches of
Christ to the level of debating societies, and decidedly below fire-engine
companies.
The author makes a good point in stating that our early churches were,
by name, simply " churches of Christ," and that " Congregational " (little
more than a synonym) was a necessity to identify us. But his argument to
explain why we use the " awkward periphrasis " " Orthodox Congregation-
alism," is perfectly needless. We do noi use it. The temporary use of
the " awkward " word in days of separating, is one of the things that were.
Possibly the author forgot that the Unitarians have, officially^ refused the
name " Congregational," and that our denomination, in National Council,
as distinctly refused to add " Orthodox," and all other adjectives, to our
simple ancestral title, which we bear alone, " the Congregational Churches
of the United States." We should as soon think of resurrecting the
Panoplist,
Some assumptions by the author Congregationalism cannot maintain.
Thus : " Its historical continuity from the Apostles down to the present
day." There is no more "continuity" in occasional instances of apparent
Congregationahsm, than there is in half a dozen stepping-stones in fifteen
hundred miles of swamp. The only " continuity " is that of Christian
congregations, irrespective of polity. Still, in the line of continuity, it is
sad that he puts the Pilgrims into Provincetown harbor in the wrong month.
His use of the term " Puritan spirit," in Eng*land, as our monopoly, is very
far from correct. His statement that " no other denomination on earth
has wrought out its faith with such persistent and elaborate care" for which
he classes the Westminster Confession, the Cambridge Platform, the Savoy
Confession, and the Saybrook Platform, as " digesting our dogmatic faith
into a scientific creed," is a strange reversal of fact. The two platforms
were oi polity, and "digested" nothing. The Savoy is almost a copy of
the Westminster, and was itself made more like the original, by our Synod
of 1680, which the author omits. The Westminster was " digested " by
an Assembly that did not have a dozen Congregationalists on its roll. And
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 447
the " Heads of Agreement " recognize the articles of the Church of Eng-
land as equally sufficient. " Our dogmatic faith," so far as creeds are con-
cerned, was " wrought out " mainly by EpiscopaHans and Presbyterians.
We are glad of it. We have no desire to separate ourselves from these or
other great Confessions of the Christian church. The assumption we have
quoted is purely baseless.
As to polity, the author perplexes us. He argues for a free Congre-
gationalism, though rather set after the model of thirty years ago. But he
mentions, and that alone, as " to this day a standard authority on Congre-
gationalism," John Cotton's Power of the Keys. Has the author read it
lately ? The whole drift of the book is to exalt the power of ministers,
and depress that of the brethren to the lowest point. It teaches that a
church having no elders cannot exercise church discipline ; that it cannot
discipline the body of elders (now a single pastor) in any church ; that the
elders of a church (now pastors) must first judge all cases of complaint, and
can refuse to allow them to be laid before the church ; and that the pastor
can veto any and every act of the church. As to Synods (Councils), Cotton
teaches : " We dare not say their power reacheth no further than giving
counsel, . . . they have power, by the grace of Christ, not only to give
light and counsel in matters of truth and practice, but also to command and
enjoin the things to be done." Still further, that, in a Synod, the authority
resides in the elders ; and the lay delegates have the " liberty " of " mod-
estly " discussing, and of approving what the elders decide ! However, we
always relished Irving's Rip Van Winkle.
If the author is sharp on the " sects," he does not spare our own denomi-
nation. We are treated to a hash of old talk about the unsoundness of
our ministers and churches, with special reference to " the West," • — and
the old exaltation of Presbyterians. The Presbyterian church " has
adhered more unwaveringly to its ancestral faith." " To many New Eng-
land men, it is grateful to hear the plain, direct presentation of the doctrinal
truths of the Bible, from the lips of Presbyterian ministers, after they have
so long observed the studied avoidance of doctrinal discussions by some
Congregational preachers, and have listened so long to the philosophic
essays of others." " The partial unsoundness of some Congregationalists."
" The rising churches at the West, which, in their weakness, . . . have
. reduced the stringency of their creeds to make them more acceptable, must
revise and reverse that policy." " Some of the Congregational churches
in the Western States, especially in the smaller settlements, have an un-
enviable notoriety for the laxity of their faith and disciphne." " The
qualified tone of a part of the Congregational pulpit upon the fundamental
doctrines of Christianity."
All of which reads like a digest of editorials of the time when Illinois
was " the West," and were then very useful to scare Western people into the
Presbyterian churches. But now? "Do you know," said a little girl,
" how I get into my crib ? I put one foot over the rail, and say Rats !
and frighten myself in ! "
The author gives five reasons why we have been " outstripped by other
448 Literary Review. [July,
denominations." Neither of them is the "Plan of Union," which he men-
tions approvingly, nor the advice by theological professors to young men
going West, to become Presbyterians. We could add another : just such
Congregational attempts as this book reiterates, to make people believe
that our pulpits and churches are not " sound," and therefore, by inference,
ought to be shunned. Formerly, it was very mean business ; now, it is
simply ridiculous.
The author is greatly afraid of the proposed National Council. He
fears it may meddle with our voluntary societies. He finds no such
body in the Scriptures, where he doubtless finds the voluntary socie-
ties ordained of God ! He is afraid it will be run by a clique. That
Massachusetts has no such fears is clear, in the fact that its General As-
sociation in June decided in its favor, with but one dissenting vote, in spite
of persistent lobbying. Nor will any man fear a " clique," who understands
the sturdy spirit of the Congregational churches. Perhaps the author
supposes that it will be conducted on the principles of Cotton's Keys.
We give the more space to a notice of this little volume, partly because
of the high character of its author, but more because it appears to be
indorsed by the Suffolk North (Mass.) Ministerial Association. Prefaced
is a note to the effect that this Association "having listened to an essay
on Congregationalism, . . . which met theirgeneral approbation," etc., etc.
It seemed surprising that this Association should unanimously indorse
these flings at other denominations, these old assaults on our western
churches, these attacks on the soundness of our ministers. It was equal-
ly perplexing, on other grounds, that extracts from Fronde's Lecture on
Calvinism should be found in a work indorsed " Feb. 21, 1871." But we
have learned that the " Essay," which was read, contained only what is now a
small portion of this volume. The indorsement of that ". Essay " is here
made to cover this whole work, and to make men indorse statements at
which some of them are greatly grieved. If this was done by any but
an " Orthodox Congregationalist " minister, so " sound " in his elegant
leisure as to be able to assail the reputation of brethren toiling in the
work of the pastorate, it would not be regarded as strictly ingenuous.
For this reason, if for no other, we think that the author ought to
revise this book carefully, as one of those things which he calls " The
Things to be done to promote Orthodox Congregationalism."
Messrs. Hurd & Houghton announced in 1866, their purpose to pub-
lish, under the general title, " Library of Old English Divines," the
writings of no less than thirty-four of the principal theological authors of
Great Britain during the golden age of both secular and sacred literature.
The series commenced with the works of Dr. South, which consist of five
volumes; and the publishers have been five years in issuing them, — the
last two of the volumes having just now appeared. At the outset, the
following precautionary announcement was made : " Should the pub-
lishers find that they have presumed too much upon the popular demand,
the publication of the first author in the series will disclose the fact, and
put a stop to further advance." We are sorry to learn that the original
1 87 1.] Literary Review. . 449
plan is abandoned, through a realization of the fears then entertained.
Should the " Library of Old English Divines " consist simply of South's
Sermons, we shall still thank the publishers for giving us the works of the
most racy of them in a style equal to that of the best English editions.
Their enterprise is shown in the use of large and elegant type, and heavy
laid paper, toned to make it agreeable to the eye ; and in giving to the
stately volumes in every respect a truly sumptuous appearance.
These Sermons ^ are issued under the editorial supervision of Prof.
Shedd, and preceded by a condensed memoir of Dr. South, compiled by
the distinguished editor. We would have preferred that this memoir
should have been somewhat more extended.
In this age, when books are so rapidly multiplied, even professional men
will not patiently peruse the more voluminous and verbose of the ancient
authors ; but Dr. South will never grow old. His style is too sententious
and spicy to lose its interest. Even his extravagances and prejudices are
not without their uses. He hated alike Popery and the Puritans. As an
extreme royalist, he speaks contemptuously of Milton, and rails at Crom-
well. His invective and sarcasm are rarely, if ever, suitable for the pulpit ;
still, his writings may be read by all with profit ; and we would recom-
mend especially that those preachers who are accustomed to write smooth
and pointless sermons, should make his trenchant style a careful study.
We are gratified to announce among recent publications, a volume of
Sermons from Prof Shedd.'^ Not only are all his writings able and schol-
arly, but this volume particularly is very timely. It consists of twenty dis-
courses, which have a general unity of design, — being of a psychological
character, and fitted to awaken in man a sense of sin. When so many in
the community are disposed to view sin as an error of judgment, a misfor-
tune, or disease, — or, it may be, the result of natural laws, over which man
has no control, — when the community generally have superficial views
of depravity and of human guilt, it may be a thankless task, but it is on
this account only the more important, to make sin appear exceedingly
sinful. It may be more agreeable, it is more popular, to preach Christ.
But the preaching of Christ without first preaching sin is only a pleasant
song to a half-conscious soul. Unless we are first slain by the law, the
cross can attract us only as an ornament, — a matter of aesthetic culture.
"God's exhaustive knowledge of man — all mankind guilty — sin in the
heart the source of error in the head — the necessity of divine influences
— self-scrutiny in God's presence" — these and such like subjects, chosen
for these discourses, are indicative of their nature and purpose. Rarely, if
ever, was there a time when such themes needed more than now to be
' Sermons Preached upon several occasions. By Robert South, d. d., Preb-
endary of Westminster, and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. In five vokimes.
New York: Kurd & Houghton, 1866-71. pp. 501, 531, 531, 615, and 592.
J4.00 a volume.
2 Sermons to the Natural Man. By William G. T. Shedd, d. d. New
York: Charles Scribner & Co. 1871. 8vo. pp.422.
450 • Literary Review. [July,
pressed upon the public mind, and to be flashed, as by the lightnings of
Sinai, upon the consciences of men.
This volume may seem to many as sombre and gloomy ; but there is
need of sombreness and gloom. Our tendencies as a people have been
toward Parisian thoughtlessness and gayety, and it is well that we should
be summoned to consider the dread reality of sin, and the eternal woe
which is its legitimate result, if we would escape from Parisian degrada-
tion in this world, and endless damnation in the world to come.
The author has done his work, not only with intellectual vigor, but also
with an earnest and devout spirit.
Gladly would we close our notice of this book here, — for the theme, in
its importance and its solemnity, is unfavorable to a critical mood. But
the very importance and solemnity of the theme render it only the more
imperative that nothing should mar the effectiveness of the work. It is no
use to attempt to carry a man on such a subject beyond his consciousness.
And we cannot but feel that Prof Shedd has overdone his work in his
sermon on " Original Sin." Augustine was a great man, but Prof Shedd
can do better than sit forever at his feet. We need to develop in man a
sense of that guilt of which he has at least an indistinct consciousness.
But when we press the charge of guilt entirely beyond the line of con-
sciousness, we repel rather than convict.
If by the " Sinfulness of Original Sin," the author meant only the guilti-
ness of permanent states of the will underlying and controlling executive
volitions and specific transgressions, we could readily indorse his senti-
ments ; but he evidently means more than this. He maintains, not only
that Adam was created in the image of God, but that in Adam each one of
us was created in God's image, and that when Adam sinned we sinned,
and that of that sin we are bound to repent. Of such repentance he de-
clares, " there is no mystery or absurdity about it." Elsewhere he says :
" We acknowledge the mystery that overhangs the union and connection
of all men with the first man." If that union is mysteriou^s, — in other
words, if how we acted in Adam is mysterious, — it is a greater mystery, to
our minds, how we can repent of having acted in him as we did. There
are mysteries which we can believe, but we do not know how to repent of
a mystery.
In another work ( " Sin a Nature, and that Nature Guilt "), this author
has represented our original sin as having been committed "below the
plane of consciousness." In his preface to the work now before us, he
says : " Conscience needs to become consciousness." But it is not enough,
on his principles, for conscience to become consciousness ; it has the more
difficult task of getting below the plane of consciousness ! He asserts:
" We shall never arrive at any profound sense of sin, unless we know and
feel our guilt and corruption by nature." Taking these terms in all the
length and breadth which he gives them, we cannot but exclaim : Alas, for
the prospect of ever attaining the end sought in these discourses ! Would
it not be a less hopeless task to seek to give men a profound sense of all
their actual sins, and to lead them to the repentance of them ?
1 87 1.] Literary Review. . 451
If we are to be held responsible for the first sin of our first progenitor,
why may we not be for all the sins of all our progenitors, inasmuch as our
nature was in them all ? If our nature could act below the plane of con-
sciousness in one of them, and we be responsible for it, who knows what
catalogues of crime we may have committed in them all ?
This author says : " It is a principle inlaid in the structure of the hu-
man soul, that the transgression of law must be visited with retribution."
Hence he represents God as pimishing sin through the substituted sufier-
ings of Christ. He here fails to distinguish between general justice
and retributive justice, and makes the atonement not only substituted suf-
fering, but substituted punishment. If the sinner's sins have been punished
once, what justice is there in punishing them again ? and what mercy is
there in his pardon ? — indeed, what pardon is there? Why is not the
sinner free ?
He asserts, " The idea of a forgiving and tender mercy in the Supreme
Being, exercised towards a creature whom justice would send to eternal
retribution, nowhere appears in the best pagan ethics." The idea of justice
is the prevalent one in pagan writings ; but the idea of mercy is not altogether
wanting in them. Does our author, by the use of the phrase, '■^ best pagan
ethics," simply mean that in his view those pagan authors are best whose
sense of guilt was so overwhelming as to exclude the idea of mercy ?
He admits that mercy " necessarily belongs to the nature of a perfect
Being," but he makes a distinction between its existence as an immanent
attribute and its exercise, and maintains that its exercise cannot be inferred
a p7-iori. We confess that we cannot see why it any more necessarily
belongs to the nature of a perfect Being to possess mercy as an immanent
attribute, than it does to exercise that attribute when there is a fitting
occasion.
• We sympathize with the spirit of the author when he represents God as
wholly optional in the exercise of mercy. We shrink from the idea of obli-
gation in relation to mercy ; and yet we cannot but think that there is some-
thing in the Divine nature which makes the exercise of mercy under certain
conditions reasonable and essential to his perfection. Such is the poverty
of human language that it is difiicalt to state our ideas on this subject with-
out seeming to favor error, either on one hand or the other. Sometimes an
attempt has been made to distinguish between obligation and obligated ;
saying that God is under no obligation to exercise mercy, but is obligated to
its exercise by his own nature. But our author is oblivious of this distinc-
tion, or rejects it; for he says, "Mercy from first to last is the optional, and
not the obligated agency of the Supreme Being." We prefer to say God is
not under obligation to any but himself, to exercise mercy, or he is under
no obligation which can constitute a claim on the part of his creatures.
We care but little in this connection for these points as mere theolo-
gical differences ; but we do regret that there should be in this volume any
extreme views to break its force as an appeal to human consciousness, and
as a means of securing deep conviction of sin. Some may think that as an
extreme view it will the better draw the community from the opposite
452 Literary Review, [July,
extreme. It seems otherwise to us. Notwithstanding its extravagances,
we hope this volume will, in a large measure, accomplish its solemn mis-
sion, its beneficent design.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church has an able champion in Prof.
Krauth. He has written a really able and important work on what he
calls a Conservative Reformation and its Theology,^ as represented in the
Augsburg Confession and in the history and literature of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church. He recognizes two general ideas in the history of
Christianity ; the conservative, which would secure the present by fidelity
to the results of the past; the progressive, which looks forward to a
better future, and holds reformation to be the great harmonizer of the
two principles, and what may be called, technically, the Lutheran Refor-
mation, to be the best adapted to the general end in view, — the true unity of
Protestantism. The undercurrent of the last is a forcible exposition of
the theory that progress without conservatism runs into revolution, radi-
calism, and sectarianism ; and that reformation and conservatism involve
each other. The " Reformation " of the sixteenth century was a unit as
against the papacy, but was divided within itself, — Luther leading the con-
servative wing, and Zwingle the radical. Prof Krauth assigns to Calvin a
relatively mediating position ; and he examines and presents these three
phases of religious movement with an evident attemjDt to be fair towards
each, while his very strong Lutheran views doubtless occasionally warp
his judgment. His analysis of the Augsburg Confession is able and
interesting, and the presentation of the specific theology of the conserva-
tive (Lutheran) reformation is clear and valuable, while his criticisms on
different theories of original sin, baptism, and the person of Christ, excite
the attention and often the dissent of the reader, especially if he be a
Calvinist. To us, the discussions on baptismal regeneration and infant
baptism are very suggestive and entertaining, if not always conclusive.
In his zeal to vindicate the Lutheran Church and the Augsburg Confes-
sion, Prof Krauth is unconsciously biased, as we think, against the
Calvinistic system, but his points are so well made that the argument pos-
sesses a lively interest. Indeed, we know of few books in which so much
wholesome theological stimulus can be found, nor any work in which
there is such a judicious grasping of hitherto scattered material, and all
brought to bear upon a vital topic in the history of Christianity.
Another and good contribution to the discussion of Christianity versus
Scepticism is the second series of '■'■ Boston Lectures ^""^ which appears
with the imprint of the Congregational Publishing Society ; and this fact
' The Conservative Reformation and its Theology, as Represented in the Augs-
burg Confession, and in the History and Literature of the Evangelical Lutheran
Church. By Charles P. Krauth, d. d. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co.
8vo. pp. 840. $5.00.
2 Boston Lectures. 1871. Christianity and Scepticism, comprising a Treat-
ment of Questions on Bible Criticism. Boston : Congregational Publishing So-
ciety. l2mo. pp. 473.
1 8/ 1.] Literacy Review. 453
is pleasing evidence of vitality in that organization, and of a higher class of
literature than it has heretofore offered. The ten lectures here given were
delivered last winter in Boston and Cambridge, and had the same direct object
as the initial services a year ago, — to meet modern scepticism on its own
ground, to be somewhat aggressive, and not always defensive or apolo-
getic. The first series did good service in this regard, and proved that in
the controversy now raging there are blows to give as well as to take ; that
brains and culture are not all on the side of the sceptic ; that Bible truth
has nothing to fear, but everything to gain, by free discussion. The vol-
ume under notice contains the following lectures : (i)The Primeval Reve-
lation, by Rev. Charles M. Mead ; (2) Moses, by Rev. J. P. Thompson,
D. D.; (3) Joshua and Judges, or the Heroic Age of Israel, by Rev. W. S.
Tyler, D.D.; (4) The Hebrew Theocracy, by Rev. Leonard Bacon, D. D.;
(5) The Prophet Isaiah, by John Lord, ll, D.; (6) The Gospel of the He-
brew Prophets, by Rev. George B. Cheever, d. D.; (7) The Apostle Paul,
by Prof G. P. Fisher, d. d.; (8) Criticism Confirmatory of the Gospels, by
Rev. J. Henry Thayer ; (9) Jesus Christ Himself the All-sufficient Evidence
of Christianity, by Rev. D. S. Talcott, D. D.; (10) Exclusive Traits of Chris-
tianity, by Rev. Mark Hopkins, D. D., ll. d. Introductory to these, and as
germane to the general object of the volume, is given a discourse by Rev.
Austin Phelps, D. D., on the Relations of the Bible to the Civilization of the
Future. It will be seen that these lectures cover a wide range of topics, and
that tliere is no central idea running through them ; this was intentional ;
they constitute a collection of studies upon some of the books, men, times,
and claims of the Bible, and are all valuable, some of them notably so ; for
instance. Prof Talcott's, President Hopkins's, Prof Phelps's, etc. We
hope that our clergymen and intelligent laymen will procure and peruse
the book, and aid in its circulation. It is a good antidote to error ; it con-
tains brains enough to satisfy the most exacting, and piety enough to be a
" savor of Hfe " unto many who may read it ; it proves that Christianity is
not afraid to enter the field of bold discussion, and that biblical scholars can
be honest searchers for truth. An index adds greatly to the practical
value of the volume, and paper, type, and binding are in all respects highly
creditable to the Publishing Society.
Warren T. Draper, of Andover, has published a Harmony of the
Four Gospels, in Greek,^ which has strong claims upon biblical students.
Its distinctive features are, —
I. A critical text, viz., that of Tischendorf's eighth or last edition,
embodying the latest results of textual criticism. To obtain the final
portions of this edition, the publication of this work has been delayed
several months. The readings of the textus receptus, where they differ from
Tischendorf's text, are given in full in the margin ; the variations being
' A Harmony of the Four Gospels, in Greek, according to the Text of Tischen-
dorf, with a Collection of the Textus Receptus, and of the Texts of Griesbach,
Lachmann, and Tregelles. By Frederic Gardiner, d. d. Andover : Warren F.
Draper. 8vo. pp. 268.
SECOND series. — VOL. IIL NO. 3. 30
454 Literary Review. [July,
designated by a different tj-'pe. The texts of Griesbach, Lachmann, and
Tregelles are carefully collated. The relative value of readings as esti-
mated by Griesbach are noted, and original authorities cited in important
cases.
2. All distinct quotations from the Old Testament are given in full in
the margin, according to Tischendorf's edition of the LXX., together with
the var. lect. of the Alexandrian text and of the Codex Sinaitiai^, and of
several other versions.
3. A choice selection of parallel references has been placed in the
margin, chiefly to point out similar language or incidents in other parts of
the gospels, or passages in the Old Testament, on which the language of
the gospels may be founded.
4. Brief notes relating to matters of harmony have been placed at the
bottom of the page.
5. Special care has been devoted to the chronological order of the
gospel narratives.
6. The columns are so arranged on the page as to combine the greatest
clearness consistent with the least cost. The columns are never inter-
woven on the page.
7. A synoptical table is given of the arrangement adopted by several
harmonists, showing at a glance the general agreement on the main points
of chronology, and the points of difference where difference occurs. This
i a new feature in this work, and will be found very useful to the student.
The book is beautifully printed, the Greek text being especially note-
worthy for its clearness. The arrangement of the material is systematic,
and every necessary aid is furnished to the reader and student for a satis-
factory perusal or study. We hope its publication will serve as a stimulus
to our clergymen for more thorough examination of the gospels in the
original than we fear is now common.
Among the pet words of the times, and one which those who use sel-
dom define with accuracy, is "culture." In its common acceptation among
our modern philosophers and reformers, it claims to cover the full educa-
tion and development of man towards some high ideal, and yet with all
religious elements entirely left out. The culturists would remove ignor-
ance, and thus do away with crime; for, with them, crime comes from igno-
i-ance ; they hold that there is in man all that is necessary for attaining
highest results and perfect character, only he must be well "cultured," re-
jecting or ignoring the fact that true culture, without religious basis and
companionship, is impossible. They set up a noble ideal, and claim that
man, in and of himself, can reach it. This culture is made a rival power
to religion, for rehgion claims to set forth tne true ends of life, and to sup-
ply the motives and the power for striving towards them. Thus, culture
and religion are erroneously made to appear as though antagonistic to
each other, whereas they have mutual relations, meet and act upon each
other, and are always, and of necessity, united in all true manhood.
These relations are very ably, fairly, and satisfactorily discussed by T. C
1 8/ 1.] Literaty Review. 455
Shairpin a series of lectures,^ in which he shows how religion, when it has
its perfect work, must lead on to culture, and how true culture must cul-
minate in religion. He shows how this ought to be, and also how it is not ;
how culture has taken account of all man's capacities but the highest, and
so has become godless. He also shows the other extreme, where sincere
religion has sometimes thought it was honoring spiritual things by depre-
ciating the cultivation of the intellectual faculties of man. Taking Pro-
fessor Huxley as a model modern culturist, he examines hia scientific the-
ory of education in a very discriminating manner, and very ably exhibits
its false basis and its inconsistencies. Scientific investigation is at the
foundation of Huxley's theories, and he holds that man has need of
nothing else to reach the highest ideal. He finds no Christian motives
and no Christian requirements ; and whatever moral considerations he ad-
mits are at variance with his theories. Professor Shairp shows how Hux-
ley has failed to recognize an open path between the soul and God, and
that his theory of human existence contradicts the most obvious facts of
man's higher nature. True, he does speak of a "tender conscience " ; but
a conscience built upon a scientific instead of a moral basis is hardly con-
ceivable ; and when once he leaves pure science, he must go with his " ten-
der conscience" into regions where demonstration takes new forms. It is
fair that he asks us to investigate the purely scientific animal phase of
man's place in nature on purely scientific grounds, and it is no less fair
that when he would investigate moral and spiritual questions he should
lay aside his "carnal weapons," and take those which are appropriate and
God-appointed ; but this is just what he and the culturists decline to do ;
and herein is one of their great inconsistencies. Therefore Professor
Shairp observes of Huxley's Theory,(i) that of the moral elements of human
nature which it postulates, it gives no sufficient account, and (2) that it leaves
out spiritual facts of man's nature which are as certain as gravitation.
After discussing Huxley's exclusively scientific view of "culture," Mr.
Shairp examines Matthew Arnold's system, which may be called literary
or aesthetic ; this is on a higher plane than the other, because it fully
recognizes religion as an element in culture, and the point at issue between
him and our author is the place assigned to it. Religion is made secon-
dary rather than primary, and thus the theory is radically wrong. Follow-
ing these chapters is one on hinderances to spiritual growth, and one on the
combination of religion and culture, in which the author sums up his argu-
ments, and presents those mutual relations which a true theory of human
life — physical, mental, and spiritual — should exhibit. It is but little to say
that we like the book : we rejoice at its republication in this country, and
only wish that those who are so captivated by new theories would be hon-
est enough to read both sides.
There is something satisfactory about a date ; it seems so positive, so
devoid of ambiguity, that the mind rests upon it with composure. When
' Culture and Religion in Some of their Relations. By T. C. Shairp. New
York : Hurd & Houghton. i6mo. pp.197. Ii-^S.
456 " Literary Review. [July,
we read attempted interpretations of the prophecies, in which there are
nothing but glittering generalities, and vague guessing at fulfilments, we are
apt to think that one man's speculation is as good as that of another, and
to conclude that such study is profitless. But when a man arranges his
facts and figures with real or assumed certainty, and states what will hap-
pen, and when, with as much positiveness as he does what has happened,
we feel an interest in the subject not otherwise possible. So is it with a new
exposition of the Book of Daniel.' In small compass and clear lan-
guage. Judge Taylor expounds the prophecies of Daniel in a manner
rather startling to the average Bible reader. His fundamental divergence
from all former systems of exegesis of this prophecy is in holding that
the last six chapters of Daniel, excepting, perhaps, the first seven verses
of the seventh chapter, pertain exclusively to visions relating to the
Christian dispensation. The famous 1,260 years he makes to end in»i867,
as also the 2,400 and odd years from Daniel's prophecy. The papal and
European troubles, beginning about 1867 and still in progress, thus
form a grand close for the two great prophecies, and a new point of depar-
ture for further fulfilment. Passing on thirty years, he reaches another
grand epoch, 1897, when begin the restoration of the Jews, and forty-five
years as "a time of trouble" ; at the end of which, namely, 1942, is the
close of the Christian dispensation, and the beginning of the "blessed
time " predicted (Matthew xxiv. 30). At that time, too, is " the first
resurrection," and " blessed and holy " are all they that have part in it.
Then also begin the thousand years, of which period he wisely refrains
from giving any explanation other than that in the Apocalypse, only that
then will Jesus Christ have unlimited dominion from sea to sea, and from
the river to the end of the earth. This much for Judge Taylor's dates.
We have not space to give his arguments or his proofs, and can only say
that his book is certainly interesting, and his theory of interpretation
worthy of examination. For ourselves, we believe that of that day and
hour knoweth no man.
2 We heartily wish there were more readers of good gospel sermons.
There are many such sermons within the easy reach of all well-disposed
persons. "God's Rescues "are among them. The style has a little too
much of the florid for our taste, but it is popular, striking, and taking ; and
the spirit and ability of these three discourses are admirable. They are
founded on Luke xv., " The Lost Sheep, the Lost Coin, and the Lost
Son." They are beautifully printed, and make a choice little volume.
* The Times of Daniel. An argument by Henry W. Taylor, ll. d. New
York : A. D. F. Randolph & Co. i2mo. pp. 208. $1.25.
'^ God's Rescues : or, the Lost Sheep, the Lost Coin, and the Lost Son. Three
discourses on Luke xv. By William R. Williams. New York : Anson D. F.
Randolph, 770 Broadway, cor. 9th street, i8mo. pp. 95. 75c.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 457
HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.
We despaired long ago of ever seeing the second volume of Masson's
" Life and Times of Milton," ^ and looked at our lonely Vol. I. as upon
a half-pair of scissors, good, but wanting its complementary member.
But Vol. II. now appears, and Vol. III. is to follow without delay. The
author has a sublime indifference to the lapse of time between his vol-
umes ; he claims that he undertook a great work, and that he intended
to take, has taken, and will take, all the time necessary for its proper exe-
cution ; to which we give him our hearty amen, as a course strongly in
contrast with the hasty compilations now so common. The average
reader would hesitate to begin a Hfe of Milton occupying three stout
octavo volumes ; but Milton takes only a small portion of the space. To
be sure, he is made the central point around which the history of his times
turns, and his biography never before has been so thoroughly and satis-
factorily given. The great value of the work is the "times" in which
Milton lived and acted, as portrayed by our author. The work is really
the contemporary history of England, and, incidentally, of Scotland and
Ireland: and the narrative also crosses the ocean to New England,
and covering, as it does, one of the most important eras in the world's his-
tory, especially interesting to every lover of civil and religious history, it
has a rare value and attractiveness. Mr. Masson has not taken his
material at second-hand, and he claims that he has made a thorough
investigation of original documents never before examined. He has
gleaned carefully and well, and he presents the fruits of his labor with a
master's hand. When the third (and last) volume shall be published, we
expect to have one of the most able and satisfactory works ever issued,
and upon a subject that has especial claims upon American readers. As
we close the volume, a single remark on Roger Williams catches our eye,
which we cannot refrain from quoting : " Still what an experiment he was
bent on — that of the organization of a community on the unheard-of
principle of absolute religious liberty combined with perfect civil democ-
racy : Organize ! WilHams and organization were a contradiction in
terms ! What had he in Providence but turmoil from the first ? "
We hope the American publishers of the first volume of this work
(Gould & Lincoln) will soon give us an excellent reprint, although we con-
fess that it must take some courage to publish such books in these days,
when people dislike to read anything longer than a paragraph.
Hugh Miller is fortunate in his biographer, and Peter Bayne in his sub-
ject. " My Schools and Schoolmasters " ^ was Miller's own account of his
life, told in a most interesting manner, and seemed to leave little else to be
^The Life of John Milton : Narrated in Connection with the Political, Ecclesias-
tical, and Literary History of his Time. By David Masson. London and New
York : Macmillan & Co. 8vo. pp. 608. $4.50.
* Life and Letters of Hugh Miller. By Peter Bayne. Boston : Gould & Lin-
coln. 2 vols. i2mo.
458 Literaiy Review. [July,
said. But Mr, Bayne has found abundant material tor two volumes, and
with an ardent admiration for his subject, has given a biography accurate,
complete, and sympathetic. His estimate of Miller's character is just, and
he assigns him his proper place as geologist, theologian, and author. With
the main facts in Miller's life our readers are familiar. His contributions
to geological science were numerous and valuable, and, as they appeared
from time to time, uniformly excited the admiration of the best scientific
minds in Scotland and England. But it may be doubted whether his con-
tributions to science, great as they were, had the practical and permanent
value which attached to his labors as editor of the Witness. In that
paper he put forth his best energies in the service of the Scotch church,
and wielded an influence that was felt throughout the nation. Mr. Bayne
does full justice to this portion of Miller's life, and portrays the sturdy
leader in a sturdy cause with a master's hand. We know not where else
to find so clear an account of the troubles and divisions in the Scotch
church. In his enthusiasm, Mr. Bayne is often prolix, and fails to dis-
criminate between that which is merely interesting and that which is really
valuable. These are not the days for two-volume biographies, and we
think that Mr. Bayne's book, if reduced a half, would have secured a wider
reading and a more permanent place in literature. Still, as a fascinating
biography of a great man, the memoir isi to be highly commended, and we
hope its publication will awaken a new interest in Hugh Miller and his
•vNTitings.
Probably few of our readers are aware that the Quakers of our coun-
try were ever slaveholders, and thus defenders of that accursed institu-
tion. By reading Whittier's introduction to " The Journal of John
Woodman," ^ they will find this peculiar sect in the same condemnation
with others, and if they will read on through this remarkable "Journal,"
they will learn how much this fearless, faithful, saintly Woodman had to
do in enlightening and convincing his people upon this subject, and lead-
ing them so early to wash their hands of all connection with it. The
"Journal," however, is rather a recital of the travels, labors, spiritual
exercises, and successes of Friend Woodman. It will well repay careful
reading.
It is not an easy task to write a good biography, even of a ver}' good
person. Perhaps, of all literary tasks, this may be reckoned as one of
the hardest. And where faithful toil has been bestowed in this direction,
criticism is half disarmed, more especially when the author becomes
little else than compiler, and lets his subject speak for himself. Certainly
the biographer of Dr. Stow had a good subject,^ and a slight examination
' The Journal of John Woodman: with an Introduction by John G. Whittier.
Boston: James R. Osgood & Co. 1871. pp.315. 5i-50.
2 The Model Pastor : a Memoir of the Life and Correspondence of Rev. Baron
Stow, D. D., late Pastor of the Rowe Street Baptist Church, Boston. By John C.
Stockbridge, d. d. Boston : Lee & Shepard. New York : Lee, Shepard & Dil-
lingham. 1871. pp. 376. $1.75.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 459
of his work shows unmistakable evidence of no small amount of pains-
taking. He tells us his material was even too abundant for the limits
within which it was deemed wise to bring this book. The first part of the
volume is made up largely of extracts from the diary of Dr. Stow, with
occasional letters, — -recounting his struggles with poverty, with consti-
tutional depression, and with a comparatively feeble health ; and yet
his courage seems never to have failed him ; his faith was strong, and he
was often the subject of great peace and joy. He began preaching when
very young, and, as many now living can testify, was a very pleasing, and
sometimes a very powerful preacher. His long residence in this city, his
deserved prominence in the denomination to which he belonged, — Bap-
tist, — his remarkable catholicity among his peers, secured to him a
very extensive acquaintance and very warm personal friends outside his
own "communion." While that was "close," his warm heart, his genial
face, and his extended right hand were always open. He was eminently
successful in his ministerial labors, both in Portsmouth and in this city.
His letters upon the various subjects connected with the educational and
missionary work of the Baptist churches, strike us as peculiarly discrim-
inating and wise. It will do any Christian good to read the life of so good
a man. We dislike the fine, close print in which alone Dr. Stow
permitted to speak in this volume.
" Who were the wise men from the East ? "^ has always been a tantaliz-
ing biblical conundrum, so to speak, frequently proposed and never
satisfactorily answered. But we are inclined to think that Prof Francis
W. Upham has elucidated the mystery so far as present material for inves-
tigation affords facilities. The monograph is well written, is calm and
judicial in tone, candid in criticism, and clear and logical in arrangement.
The pivotal point of his theory is the word "East" and he shows in a sat-
isfactory manner that the plural and singular avarakuv and avarakr] mean
respectively, the far East and t/ie East; that the Jews recognized this
geographical distinction, and that the far East was the Medi-Persian country
beyond the Zagros mountains, and the East was Babylonia. Prof. Upham
clearly shows that the " Magi " were no vulgar magicians, but true mem-
bers of the ancient, sacred order of Persia ; he discusses the character and
religion of the Persians, the historic relations of the Persians, Chaldeans,
and Hebrews, the hope of a Messiah in Syria and the East, the astrologi-
cal element in the Scripture narrative, the relation of the Persian and He-
brew religions, and, in brief, he examines all points that can have any bear-
ing on the subject, and deduces his conclusion with excellent discrimina-
tion. Carefully gathering up the results of his studies, Prof. Upham holds
that the wise men were priests of the philosophical Persian religion, and
were expecting a prophet who should destroy the kingdom of darkness.
Some of these magi were dwelling in Babylonia, and knew of Daniel's
prophecies, and were diligently watching for some sign of the coming deliv-
^ " The Wise Men : " Who they were and how they came to Jerusalem. By
Francis W. Upham, ll. d. New York : Sheldon & Co. i2mo. pp. 245. ^1.25.
460 Literary Review. [July,
erer. The book is a model of its kind, and while it explains a mystery, it
does so in so pleasing, scholarly, and refined a manner, as to captivate the
reader.
SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL.
A VALUABLE service has been done, both to religion and science, by the
publication of a series of lectures on the antiquity and unity of the
human race,' delivered before the Lowell Institute in the winter of 1866-7,
by Rev. Ebenezer Burgess. Mr. Burgess's residence in India, his thor-
ough knowledge of its literature and religion, his rare philological and
scientific attainments, gave to him great advantages over many writers and
speakers on similar topics. In discussing the antiquity of man, he first
presents the scriptural and other systems of chronology. He then takes
up the argument from history, and examines our sources of knowledge,
— from Egypt, Greece, and Rome, the Chaldeans, the Hindus, and the
Chinese. Following this are the arguments from Ethnology, Physiology,
Language, Tradition, Mythology, and Geology, all of which confirm the
Scripture chronology of the antiquity of man. Into each of these divis-
ions of his work, Mr. Burgess brings and carefully arranges a vast amount
of critical knowledge, and evinces a more thorough acquaintance with his
subject than can of truth be said of more pretentious writers. As a whole,
the book is a valuable contribution to scientific and religious literature,
and it is especially practical from the fact that its language and style are
such as to bring these learned topics within the easy comprehension of
intelligent readers. The Appendix to the volume is a necessar3-and inval-
uable complement, consisting as it does of tables, chronologies, and various
scientific gleanings, all having intimate relation to the subjects treated in
the main body of the book, and indispensable to its clear understanding.
It should here be said that the author was called to his rest before he
had completed the preparation of his book for the press. It has been
edited by Rev. I. P. Warren, d. d., formerly of the Tract Society, who has
apparently performed his difficult task with a careful endeavor to carry out
the views and intentions of the author. For ourselves, we should have
preferred the work as left by the author, in twelve lectures, rather than to
have hazarded a division into chapters, and a continuous treatment of the
subject. Such a radical change necessitates a certain amount of re-
arrangement of material and revision of language, and only a thorough
acquaintance with the topics discussed could prevent even the most careful
editor from making mistakes, and committing the author to views which he
never entertained. We do not say this because we have detected any such
mistakes, but because of the general risk in such cases. As a compen-
dium and clear presentation of the soundest modern scholarship on the
subject of the antiquity of man and the unity of the human race, this book
should be owned and read by all who would talk or write intelligently on
these topics. As a vindication of the Scripture system we consider it one
of .the most valuable books of the day.
* What is Truth ? an Inquiry into the Antiquity and Unity of the Human Race ;
with an Examination of Recent Scientific Speculations on those Subjects. By
Rev. Ebenezer Burgess. Boston : Israel P. Warren. i2mo. pp. 424.
1 8/ 1.] Editors' Table. 461
EDITORS' TABLE.
. A CORRESPONDENT sends us the following biographical memorandum,
which, we think, will interest our readers : —
" In the extreme southeastern corner of the town of East Haddam,
Ct., stand the remains of a very old farm-house. The general desola-
tion of the premises does not suggest to the visitor that it was once the
residence of a wealthy farmer ; and yet if you enter, the wainscoating and
finish of the rooms show that it was completed at considerable expense.
Now, no building remains but the house itself, and with doors, windows,
floors, and stairs gone, it is hardly safe to be explored.
" That house was the birthplace of Dr. Edward Dorr Griffin.
" Professor Park has said that the ' real glory ' of Haddam is not in
its fisheries, its navigation, its manufactories, or granite quarries. It is
'a repi'esentative region.' The hard soil, the bracing air, the pure waters
of New England have done much ; but religious habits have done more to
set in motion influences that are widely felt.
" Within the hmits of what originally was Haddam, Brainerd, Emmons,
and Griffin were born.
" The house of which we speak was Griffin's early home, and bears
upon its walls marks of his skill. There is a tradition that a travelling
artist was employed to ornament the walls of the parlor, and that young
GriflSn was tempted to exercise his skill upon the walls of the spare
chamber above. The painting of the artist is nearly effaced, while the
colors upon the room above are quite as bright as ever.
" Dr. Griffin received his middle name from his mother, who was a Dorr,
and a native of Old Lyme. The ancestor of the Dorr family (which yet
remain in Lyme) was a man of considerable influence in the town and
parish. He was the leader of the ' opposition ' in parish matters. He
was a man of intellect and strong will, but not a friend to vital religion,
and wished to continup the control in parish affairs which he and those of
a like spirit had long held. There were two causes for the great influence
of worldly men in this respect. First, the town had early secured the
minister, and for many years there was no church. The first minister
preached, upon this plan, twenty-eight years before the opposition to his
installation was overcome. The second cause was the wide-spread degen-
eracy of the church and ministry. The ' half-way covenant ' had brought
many unconverted men into tliat church as well as many others. One 01
its pastors, Jonathan Parsons, preached there several years before he
became a truly converted man, whose subsequent earnestness and success
aroused the opposition of worldly men both within and without the
church. The tradition is, that once in the history of the church, and while
Mr. Dorr was, with his sycophants, able to control its business affairs, an
effort was made to settle a minister. At a meeting held for the purpose ot
extending a call to a man of piety, he was present to defeat the object,
and there was great despondency on the part of the good over the pros-
pects. Mr. Dorr had spoken his sentiments, and others seemed to think it
useless to reply, till an old gentleman, somewhat eccentric, in whose veins
flowed the blood of the Huguenots, arose to speak. He remarked that he
had looked forward to that meeting with intense interest ; that he had left
his work that day at an early hour ; had walked a long distance, and had
sat there upon his seat a long time thinking upon the state of things in the
parish. While in deep and anxious thought he had seen a sort of vision
which he would relate.
462 Editors Table. [July,
"'I seemed to fall asleep upon my seat here,' he said, 'and dreamed
that I was in the other world. The dread realities of the future opened
before me. I saw the world of light and glory, and ' (speaking with great
seriousness) ' the world of eternal woe. I entered the abode of lost
spirits. I saw the inhabitants of the land of despair. I cannot unfold it
all; but there. seemed to be messengers coming and going, and tidings
were coming in from all parts of the universe.
" ' I saw a messenger narrating something to one who seemed to have a
responsible position, who with alarm arose from his seat, and called for
his hat and cane, sapng that he had just learned that the people of Lyme
were about to settle a minister, and he must put a stop to it. As he was
about to start, another and a superior being, perhaps Satan himself, waved
his hand to him and said, 'You need not go to Lyme. It is not at all
necessary. My faithful servant Dr. Dorr is there, and if he cannot put
a stop to it, who can ? '
" The effect of the old man's speech was electric. Serious counte-
nances were quickly changed, and a roar of laughter followed. The
measure was carried, and Lyme secured a settled pastor. Mr. Dorr was
ever after^vards called ' My sarvent Dorr,' and so are his descendants,
sometimes, when they exhibit certain family traits. It is said Dr. Griffin
enjoyed telling this story of his maternal grandfather."
We give in this number a verbatim copy of two early Catalogues of
Andover Theological Seminary, the existence of which we doubted at the
time of our last issue. The whole series of catalogues is now complete,
except for 1 8 10, 1811, and 1812. From success already achieved, we do
not now despair in our antiquarian researches of being able to unearth even
these.
The Baptists in this country who are in favor of open communion have
commenced the publication ot a weekly paper, issued simultaneously from
New York and Chicago, called " The Baptist Union." It is a good-sized
double sheet, and ably conducted. It is significant that the editors speak
of Rev. J. Hyatt Smith, Rev. C. H. Malcom, and others, as " enduring a
moral persecution for their love of Christian liberality, which is often more
trying and hard to endure than the ph3'sical tortures of ancient days."
They, however, record the testimony of a pastor, that " the Baptist leaders
will scon wake up to the fact that the whole denomination is honeycombed
with open communion views."
A NUMBER of book noticcs. for want of space, are obliged to lie over
to the October number.
I87I.]
Congregational Quarterly Record.
463
CONGREGATIONAL QUARTERLY RECORD, 187 1.
CHURCHES FORMED.
1871.
AMITY, Mo.. 14 members.
ARKANSAS CITY, Kan., 20 members.
ASHLAND, Neb., May 28, 8 members.
ATLANTA, Cal., Mar. 19.
BONHOMME, Dak. Ter.
CAPIOMA, Kan., 10 members.
CEDAR BLUFFS, Neb., May 16.
CHEROKEE, Cal., April 9, 12 members.
CROTON, Micb , June 4, 6 members.
DRY CREEK. Kan. (Welsh).
ELDRED, Neb., May 17.
HARRISON, Wis., April 26.
LAWRENCE, (near) Kan., 33 members.
MAYWOOD, 111.. Mar. 12. 14 members.
NEOSHO FALLg, Kan., 23 members.
READING, Kan. (Welsh).
SAND CREEK, Neb., May 18.
SONOMA, Cal., May 2, 14 members.
St. MARY'S, lo., April 2, 15 members.
STOTHER. Kan., 18 members.
SUBLETTE, 111., April 9, 30 members.
UNION, lo., April 16, 6 members.
VINELAND, N. J., May 24, 24 members.
WAMEGO, Kan., June 8. 12 members.
WAVERLY, Minn., April 9.
WESTMORELAND, Kan.
MINISTERS ORDAINED.
1871.
BUSH, FREDERICK W., to the work of the
Ministry in Lyonsville, 111., May \^. Ser-
mon by Rev. Franklin W. Fisk, D d., of
Chicago Seminary.
CLOSSEN, S. T., to the work of the Ministry
in Bowen's Prairie, lo., June 10. Sermon
by Rev. Joel S. Bingham, d. d., of Du-
buque.
COOLEDGE, CHARLES E., to the work of
the Ministry ill Holyoke, Mass., May 24.
Sermon bj' Rev. Samuel G. Buckingham,
D. D., of Springfield. (Jrdaining prayer,
by Rev. Aaron M. Colton, of Easthamp-
ton.
De forest, JOHN K. H., over the Ch. in
Mount Carmel, Ct.
EASTMAN, EDWARD P., over the Ch. in
North Conway, N. H., April 20. Sermon
by Rev. DavidB. Sewall,of Fryeburg, Me.
Ordaining prayer by Rev. Ernest P. Borch-
ers, of North Bridgton, Me.
EWELL, JOHN L., over the Ch. in Clinton,
lo.. May 4. Sermon by Rev. H. A. Stim-
son, of Minneapolis, Minn. Ordaining
prayer by Rev. Lucius Curtis, of Lyons.
GIDDliSTGS, WILLIAM, to the work of the
Ministry in , Neb., April 30. Ser-
mon by Rev. James G. Merrill, of Topeka,
Kan.
GRAVES, JAMES TAYLOR, to the work of
the Ministry, in Austin, Minu., April 13.
Sermon by Rev. James W. Strong, of
Carleton College.
HALL, MARTIN S., to the work of the Min-
istry in Jefl'erson, 111. Sermon by Rev.
Edward P. Goodwin, D. d., of Chicago.
HARWOOD, CHARLES E., over the Ch. in
Orleans, Mass., June 7. Sermon by Rev.
Jacob M. Mantling, d. d., of Boston. Or-
paining prater by Rev. Samuel Fairley, of
Wellfleet.
KENT, EVARTS, over the Ch. in Michigan
City, Ind., May 23. Sermon by Rev.
James T. Hyde, D. D., of Chicago Semi-
nary.
LYMAN, PAYSON W.. over the Ch. in Bel-
chertown, Mass., May 10. Sermon by Rev.
Julius H. Seelye, D. d., of Amherst Col-
lege. Ordaining prayer by Rev. William
A. Stearns, d. d., of Amherst College.
MEAD, HENRY B., over the Ch. in Terry-
ville, Ct., June 7. Sermon by Rev. Tim-
othy Dwight, D. D., of Yale Seminary.
PHILLIPS, JOHN, to the work of the Minis-
try in Washara, Kan. Sermon by Rev.
Jared W. Fox, of Ridgeway.
SMITH, THOMAS S., to the work of the
Ministry in Concord, 111.. March 21. Ser-
mon by Rev. Lyman Whiting, D. D., of
Janesville, Wis.
8NELSON. FLOYD, to the work of the Min-
istry in Atlanta, Ga., May 16. Sermon
by Kev. Enoch E. Rogers, of Macon.
STARR, EDWARD C, to the work of the
Ministry in Waseca, Minn., March 30.
Sermon by Rev. Edward Brown, of Med-
ford.
STONE, B. N., over the Ch. in Loudon,
N. H., June 6. Sermon by Rev. S. Leroy
Blake, of Concord. Ordaining prayer by
Rev. Stephen S. Morrill, of Henniker.
TO WLE, JAMES A., to the work of the Min-
istry in Ashtabula, O., April 14. Sermon
by Rev. Hiram 0. Hayden, of Painesville.
Ordaining prayer by Rev. Sereno W.
Streeter, of Austinburg.
WHITNEY, JOEL F., to the work of the
Ministry in Wadham's Mills, N. Y., May
3. Sermon by Rev. Harvey D. Kitchel,
D. r>., of Middlebury College. Ordaining
prayer by Rev. Willard Child, D. D., of
Crown Point.
WILLIAMS, WILLIAM D., to the work of
the Ministry in Braceville, 111.
WILLIAMS, W., over the Ch. in Sheffield,
N.B., May 2.
MINISTERS INSTALLED.
1871.
ABBE, Rev. FREDERICK R.. over the Cot-
tage St. Ch., Dorchester, Mass., May 10.
Sermon by Rev. .Jacob M. Manning, u.d.,
of Boston. Inst.illing Prayer by Rev.
George W. Blagden, d. d., of Boston.
BEARD, Rev. AUGUSTUS F., over the Ply-
mouth Ch. in Syracuse. N. Y., May 30.
Sermon by Rev. Stephen S.N.Greeley, of
Oswego. Installing Prayer by Rev. Jere-
miah Butler, of Fairporl.
BENNETT, Rev. JOSEPH L., over the Ply-
mouth Ch. in Indiailapolis, Ind., April 30.
Sermon by Rev. Addison Ballard, D. D.,
of Detroit, Mich.
BISSELL, Rev. OSCAR, over the Ch. in Marl-
boro, Ct., March 29. Sermon by Rev. Sam-
uel G. Willard, of Colchester. Installing
Prayer by Rev. Hiram Bell, of West-
chester.
BOYNTON, Rev. C. F., over the Ch. in EI-
dora, lo.
464
Congregational Quarterly Record.
[July,
BRECKENRIDGE, Rev. DANTEL M., over
the Ch. in Clinton, Wis.. Mar. 29. Ser-
mon by Joseph Collie, of Delavan.
BREMNER, Rev. DAVID, over the 1st Ch.
in Derry. N. H., April 28. Sermon by
Rev. J. Henry Thayer, of Andover Sem-
inary. Installing Prayer by Rev. Leonard
S. Parker, of Ashburnham. Ma'ss.
BYINGTON, Rev. SWIFT, over the 1st Ch.
in Exeter, N.H., June 2. Sermon by Rev.
Alexander McKenzie, of Cambridge, Mass.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Isaac C. White,
of Newmarket.
CHADDUCK, Rev. EMORY A., over the Ch.
in Union City. Mich., May 3. Sermon by
Rev. Je.sse W. Hough, of Jackson. In-
stalling Prayer by Rev. W. C. Porter.
CHAPMAX, Rev. C&ARLES, over the Zion
Ch. in Montreal, P. Q., May 10.
CROSWELL, Rev. MICAH S., over the Ch.
in Sonoma, Cal., May 2. Sermon and In-
stalling Prayer by Rev. Andrew L. Stone,
D. D., of San Francisco.
DAVIES, Rev. DAVID, over the Ch. in
Brookfield, O., April 1.
DODGE, Rev. JOHN, over the Ch. in New
Braintree. Mass., May 3. Sermon by Rev.
Samuel T. Seclye. D. D., of Easthanipton.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Edwin Smith, of
Barre.
EASTMAN, Rev. LUCIUS R., Jr., over the
Plymouth Ch. in Framingham, Mass.,
June 8. Sermon by Rev. William A.
Stearns, D. D., of Amherst College. In-
stalling Prayer by Rev. Lucius R. East-
man, of Boston.
FOSTER, Rev. ADDISON P., over the Ch.
in Maiden, Mass., March 29. Sermon by
Rev. Eden B. Foster, d. d., of Lowell.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Albert H .
Plumb, of Chelsea.
FRE.VK, Rev. WALTER, over the Fort St.
Oh. in Honolulu, S. I.. March 26.
GREENLE.VF, Rev. JOSfiPH. Jr., over the
Ch. in New Canaan, Ct., March 21. Ser-
mon by Rev. Richard B. Thurston, of
Stamford.
HEKRIClv, Rev. Samuel E., over the Mt.
Vernon Ch. in Boi*ton, Mass.. April 12.
Sermon by Rev. Julius H. Scelye. d. d.,
of Amherst College. Installing Prayer
by Rev. Edward N. Kirk, D. D., of Bos-
ton.
HOWE, Rev. BENJAMIN, over the Ch. in
Linebrook, and Rowley. Mass., May 3.
Sermon by Rev. John Pike. D. D., of liow-
Icy. Inslalliiig Prayer by Rev. William
H. Pierson, of Ipswich.
JKWK I'T, Rev. HENRY E., over the Ch. in
Redwood, Cal., April 11. Sermon by Rev.
Israel P. Dwinell. D. D., of Sacramento.
Installing Prayer by Rev. Andrew L.
Stone. D. D., of San Francisco.
JONES, Rev. D. I., over the Columbia Ch.
in Cincinnati, O., April 16. Sermon by
Rev. Henry D. Moore, of Cincinnati.
KELLOGG, Rev. ERA8TU8 M., over the
Ch. in Lyme. N. H , May 24. Sermon by
Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace, d. d., of Man-
chester. Installing Prayer by Rev. Jona-
than Clement, d. d., of Norwich, Vt.
LAMSON, Rev. CHARLES M., over the
Salem St. Ch. in Worcester, Mass., May
3, Sermon by Rev. Jacob M. Manning,
D. D., of Boston. Installing Prayer by
Rev. Ebeuezer Cutler, D. D., of Worces-
ter.
LEWIS, Rev. RICHARD, over the Ch. in
Belleville, Ont.
McLEAN, Rev. James K., over the Ch. in
Hampton, N. H., Dec. l.j. (Incorrectly re-
ported in April.)
MERRILL, Rev. John L., over the Ch. in
Marlboro, N. H., May 2. Sermon by Rev.
I>evi H. Cobb, of Springfield,Vt. Install-
ing Prayer by Rev. John F. Norton, of
Fitzwilliam.
MORSE, Rev. CH \RLES F., over the Ch. in
Phillipston, Mass., May 17. Sermon by
Rev. Temple Cutler of Athol.
MUNGER, Rev. THEODORE T., over the
Elliot Ch. in Lawrence, Mass., June 14.
Sermon by Rev. Jacob M. Manning, d. d.,
of Boston. Installing Prayer by Rev.
Charles M. Hyde, of Haverhill.
RICH, Rev. ALOXZO B., d .d., over the Ch. in
West Lebanon, N. H., May 17. Sermon
by Rev. Charles R. Palmer, of Salem,
Mass.
ROBBINS, Rev. SILAS W., over the Ch. in
Manchester, Ct., JuneS. Sermon by Rev.
Nathaniel J. Burton, i>. d., of Hartford.
Installing Prayer by Rev. George A. Ovi-
att, of Talcottville.
ROBIE, Rev. BENJAMIN A., over the Ch.
in Wilmington, Mass., April 13. Sermon
by Rev, Edward A. Rand, of South Bos-
ton. Installing Prayer by Rev, Leander
Thompson, of North Woburn.
eCUDDEH, Rev, HENRY M,, over the Or-
mond Place Ch, in Brooklyn, N. Y., April
28. Sermon by Rev. Merrill Richardson,
of New York, Installing Prayer by Rev.
J. H, Brodt, of Brooklvn,
SMITH, Rev, CHARLES B., over the Ch. in
Mattapoisett,Mass,, April 13, Sermon by
Rev, Alonzo H. Quint, d. d., of New Bed-
ford. Installing Prayer by Rev. Leander
Cobb, of Marion.
STEVE^fS, Rev. MOODY A., over the Ch.
in Cohasset, Mass., April 18, Sermon by
Rev. Edwin B. Webb., d. d., of Boston.
STONE. Rev. HARVEY M., over the Ch. in
Rochester, N. H., May 18. Sermon by
Rev. Silvanus Hayward, of South Ber-
wick, Me,
STREET, Rev. GEORGE E., over the 2d
Ch, in Exeter, N, H., March 30. Sermon
by Rev. John O. Fiske, D. D., of Bath,
Me. Installing Prayer by Rev. Alvau To-
bev, n. D., of Durham.
8TURTEVANT, Rev. JULIAN M,, Jr,, over
theCh.in Ottawa, 111. Sermon by Rev.
Joseph E. Roy, D, d,, of Chicago,
THOMPSON, Rev, C. H,, over the University
Ch at Straight University, La,, April 9.
Sermon by Rev. Joseph L. Healy, of
Straight University.
THURSTON, Rev. JOHN R., over the Ch. in
Whitinsville, Mass., April 20. Sermon by
Rev. Richard B. Thurston, of Stamford,
Ct.
WRIGHT, Rev. ABIEL H., over the State St.
Ch. in Portland, Me., April. Sermon by
Rev. William Carruthers, of Calais.
MINISTERS DISMISSED.
1871.
BAILEY, Rev. GEO. H., from the Ch. in New-
port, Vt., April 1h.
BELL, Rev. JAMES M,. from the Ch, in
Watertown, Mass., May 23.
BURNELL, Rev. T. C, from the Ch. in
Huntsburgh, C, April 1.
BURN HAM. Rev. CH.\RLES, from the Ch.
in Meredith Village, N, H., April ly.
i87i.]
Congregational Quatterly Record.
465
BYINGTOlSr, Rev. SWIFT, from the Cli. in
Stoneham, Mass., April 26.
CniCKEKING, Rev. JOHiST W., from tlie
2d Oh. in Exeter, N. H., March bO.
CLARK, Rev. FREDERICK G., d. D., from
the Ch.in Greenwich, Ct., May 23.
CT^ARK, Rev. PERKINS A., from the Ch. in
Mittineaque, Mass., April 18.
CRAGIN, Rev C. C, from the Ch. in Owaton-
iia, Minn., May 11.
EASTMAN, Rev. LUCIUS R., Jr., from the
Ch. in East Somerville, Mass., May 22.
FAIRBANK, Rev. FRANCIS G., from the
Cli. in Westminster, East, Vt., May 1.
OILMAN, Rev. EDWARD W., from the Ch.
in Stonington, Ct., April 2.5.
GLADDEN, Rev. WASHINGTON, from the
Ch. in North Adams, Mass., March 23d.
HALLIDAY, Rev. JOSEITI C, from the Ch.
in Oakham, Mass., April 27.
HAWKES, Rev. WINFIELD S., from the
Ch. in Wappins. Ct., March 22.
JAMESON, Rev. EPHRAIM O., from the Ch.
in Amesbury and Salisbury, Vt., May 2-1.
JONES. Rev. JESSE H., from the Ch. in
Natick, Mass., May 16.
LAMSON, Rev. CHARLES M., from the
Porter Ch.in North Bridgewater, Mass.,
April 11.
MORRISON, Rev. SAMUEL, from the Ch. in
Portland, Me., April 19.
PALMER, Rev. CHARLES M.. from the Ch.
in Harrisville, N. H., Mar. 20.
ROBERTS, Rev. BENNETT, from the Ch.
in Buckingham, lo.
ROBIE. Rev. BENJAMIN A., from the Ch.in
Waterville, Me., March 13.
ROBINSON, Rev. WILLIAM A., from the
Ch. in Barton, Vt., April 26.
ROBBINS, Rev. SILAS W., from the Ch. in
East Haddam, Ct., June 1.
TENNEY, Rev. CHARLES, from the Pavilion
Ch. in Biddeford, Me., May 22.
SMITH — FAIRBANK. In Concord, 111.,
March 21, Rev. Thoma.s 8. Smith, Mis-
sionary to Ceylon, to Miss Emily Fair-
bank.
MINISTERS MARRIED.
1871.
BELL — FREEMAN. In Plainfleld, N. H.,
May 24, Rev. Robert C. Bell, of Bethel,
Ct., to Miss Frances R. Freeman.
HERRICK — WHEELER. In New Haven,
Ct., Rev. E. H Henick, of Middle Had-
dam, to Miss P. G. Wheeler.
HOPLEY — I'RENTICE. In Norwich, Ct.,
April 19, Rev. Samuel Hopley to Miss
Mary B. Prentice, both of Norwich.
LANMAN— WILLISTON. In Easthampton,
Mass., May 17, Rev. Joseph Lanman, of
Windham, N. H., to Miss Clara Williston,
of Easthampton.
REED — BLISS. In Lansingburg, N. Y.,
May 30. Rev. Edward A. Reed, of Spring-
field, Mass., to Miss Mary A. Bliss.
MINISTERS DECEASED.
1871.
ARNOLD, Rev. SETH S., in Ascutneyville
Vt., April 3.
BURNHAM, Rev. AMOS W., D. D., in Keene
N. H., April 9, aged 79 years.
CILLEY, Rev. JOSEPH L., in Camden, Me.
aged 68 years.
COE, Rev. NOAH, in New Haven, Ct., May 9
aged 85 years.
GOULD, Rev. WILLIAM, in Pawtucket
R. I., May 1, 78 years.
KINGSBURY, Rev. EDWARD P., in New.
ton Centre, Mass., April 4, aged 29 years
KXIGHT, Rev. ZEBULON 8., in South Ber
wick. Me., March 24.
MOORE, Rev. HUMPHREY, D.T>.,inMilford
N. H., April 9, aged 92 years.
PAYSON, Rev. JOSHUA P., in Abington
Ct., April 22, aged 70 years.
SAWYER, Rev. BENJAMIN, in Salisbury.
Mass., March 26. aged 89 years.
SMITH, Rev. GEORGE M., in Hickory Cor
ners, Mich., April 2, aged 39 years.
SPETTIGUli, Rev. CHARLES, in Leroy.
Mich., May 12, aged 45 years.
WOODMAN, Rev. Henry A., in Newbury
port, Mass., Jan. 21, aged 58 years.
MINISTERS' WIVES DECEASED.
1871.
BOD WELL, Mrs. NANCY, wife of the late
Rev. Abraham, in Sanbornton, N. H.,
April 1, aged 83 years.
CLARK, Mrs. MARY C, wife of Rev. Wil-
liam, in Amherst, N. H., April 7, aged 72
years.
DUDLEY^, Mrs. , wife of Rev. John L.,
in Milwaukee, Wis., June 3.
FERGUSON. Mrs. MARGARET 8., wife of
the late Rev. John, in New Haven, Ct.,
May 6, aged 76 years.
HALL, Mrs. M. LOUISA BATES, wife of
Rev. Alexander, in Collinsville, Ct., March
28
HARMON, Mrs. LUCY M., wife of Rev.
Elijah, in Bucklaud, Mass., June 1, aged
32 years.
KITTREDGE, Mrs. SARAH B., wife of Rev.
Charles B., in Weslboro, Mass., March
25, aged 55 years
MANN, Mrs. Catharine, wife of Rev. Joel, in
New Haven, Ct., May 20, aged 83 years.
THURSTON, Mrri. PIWDENCE B., wife of
the late Rev. David, in West Springfield,
Mass., May 27, aged 85 years.
I
^6 .American Congregational Association. tJ^^Y'
, AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
'BUSINESS MEETING.
The Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the American Congregational
-Association (agreeably to notice in the Congregationalist) was held-
May 30, I'Syi, at 12 m., in their rooms, No. 40 Winter Street.
The meeting was called to order by the President, Hon. E. S.-
Tobey, and prayer was offered by Rev. William A. Stearns, D. B:,,
President of Amherst College.
The minutes of the last Annual Meeting^ were read and approved..
The Annual Reports of the Directors, of the Library Committee,.
:and the Treasurer were read, accepted, and referred to the Board O'f
-^Directors for publication.
The following officers were chosen for the ensuing year : —
Presidetit.
.Hon. "EDWARD S. TOBEY, Boston..
Vice-Presidc7its.
Hun. WiLLrAM W. Thomas, Portland, Me.
Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, d. d., Concord, N. H.
Hon. WiLLrAM C. Clarke, Manchester, N. H.
Rev. Harvef D. Kitchel, d. d., Middlebury, Vt.
Rev. Jacob Ide, d. d., Medway, Mass.
Rev. SetkISweetser, d. d., Worcester, Mass.
Hon. Samuel Williston, Easthampton, Mass..
Rev. Thomas Shepard, d. d., Bristol, R. IL.
Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence, R. I.
'Rev. Leonard Bacon, d. d., New Haven, Conn.
Hon, WiLUAM A. Buckingham, Norwich, Conn..
Hon, Cal-^n Day, Hartford, Conn.
Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, d. d.. New Yodc. City.
Rev. Ray Palmer, d. d.. New York City.
.Rev. WiL Ives Budington, d. d., Brooklyn, N.. Y, .
iRev, Israel W, Andrews, d, d.. Marietta, O,
Rev. Sa-muel Wolcott. d. d., Cleveland, O.
■Rev. Nathaniel A. Hyde, Indianapolis, Ind.
Jlev, Julian M. Sturtevant, d. d., Jacksonville, lU,;.
JRev, Samuel C, Bartlext, d, d,, Chicago, 111,
Hon.' Charles G, Hamm.ond, Chicago, 111.
A. Finch, Esq., Milw.a.ukee, Wis. .
1 87 1.] American Congregational Association. 467
Rev. Truman M. Post, d. d., St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. Jesse Guernsey, Dubuque, Iowa.
. Rev. George Mooar, d. d., Oakland, Gal.
Rev. Henry Wilkes, d. d., Montreal, Que.
Directors.
Hon. Edward S. Tobey, Boston. Hon. Rufus S. Frost, Chelsea.
John Field, Esq., Arlington. J. Russell Bradford, Esq., Boston.
Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d., New Wm. C. Strong, Esq., Brighton.
Bedford. Rev. H. M. Dexter, d. d., Boston.
Ezra Farnsworth, Esq., Boston. Henry D. Hyde, Esq., Boston.
Samuel D. Warren, Esq., Boston. Rev. S. B. Treat, Boston.
Samuel Johnson, Esq., Boston. Rev. John O. Means, Boston.
Rev. Edwin B. Webb, d. d., Boston.
Corresponding Secretary and Librarian,
Rev. ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY, Chelsea.
Recording Secretary^
Rev. DANIEL P. NOYES, Longwood.
Treasurer,
JAMES P. MELLEDGE, Esq., Cambridge.
Auditor,
JULIUS A. PALMER, Esq., Boston.
The following votes, offered by J. Russell Bradford, Esq., were
unanimously adopted : —
Whereas, Rev. Rufus Anderson, d. d.,. after serving this Asso-
ciation as a Director from its formation to the present time, now
requests that his name may be dropped from its list of officers :
Voted, That in acceding to his request, this Association would be
unjust to its history if it failed to acknowledge the long-tried and
faithful services of Rev. Dr. Anderson, services guided by consum-
mate wisdom and warm-hearted Christian love.
Voted, That the sincere thanks of this Association be, and hereby
are, tendered to Dr. Anderson on his retirement from office, and at
the same time we tender to him our best wishes for his continued
usefulness and happiness.
Adjourned to 7 J o'clock, p. m.
468 American Congregational Association. [July,
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
American Congregational Association.
With devout thanks to Almighty God, and assured hope, the
Directors of the American Congregational Association present their
Eighteenth Annual Report. The past has been a year of earnest
work, and not without pleasing success. While all has not been
attained that is desired, and indeed is essential to the full realization
of the benefits of what has been secured, yet a decidedly good
beginning has been made. Advantage has been taken of the memo-
rial year. Circulars were issued and sent to all our Congregational
churches in the very beginning of our jubilee efforts, urging the one
generous memorial offering from every church. Subsequently, a
fuller statement was prepared and printed, upon a blank page of
which a letter was written; and more than two thousand of these
were sent to the churches that had taken no collections for the Con-
gregational house. Appeals have been published in the religious
papers in sympathy with this object, the most of which have given
favorable notices of their own ; especially is this true of the Congre-
gationalist of this city. The Corresponding Secretary' has visited
and addressed memorial meetings, associations, and conferences,
wherever they could be reached, and has presented this subject from
one to three times on the most of the Sabbaths of the year. It is
believed that no reasonable effort has been spared to awaken a
responsive interest in this too long neglected object.
SITE.
The inquiry, " Has a site been selected and secured for the con-
templated building ? " was a very natural, general, and early inquiry.
The inability to answer in the affirmative was found and felt to be
a decided hinderance to the repeated appeals that were sent forth.
And it had been for some years before this Board an object of no
little solicitude. To accommodate our now not small, but rapidly
increasing library, and the benevolent societies, to which the Con-
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Association. 469
gregational churches contribute, that have offices in this city, the site
must be large and central, and of easy access from the different
points of compass. To secure such a place may seem easy to those
who have made no trial ; but to those brokers who have been on the
alert to find it so as to secure the commission, to the large especial
committee, and indeed to this entire Board, — which has been a
committee of the whole on this subject, — it has not only not been
easy, but has been extremely and unexpectedly difficult.
After the refusal of the Gardner estate had been secured, an
unlooked-for overture was made for the purchase of the adjoining
estate above, known as the Somerset Club-house. This added to
the Gardner estate would give a good business front of over one
hundred feet on Beacon Street, and of nearly the same distance on
Somerset Street. Moreover, it was found that only a comparatively
small outlay would be required to change this building so as to fit
it for the purposes to which it was to be devoted. This was pur-
chased in the full hope that sufficient means could be made avail-
able to warrant the purchase of the Gardner estate also, before the
time of its " refusal " should expire. By the personal and patient
efforts of the chairman of the committee on subscriptions, the chair-
man of this Board, and of other members, money and reliable pledges
were secured to the amount of over $150,000 ; and on this as a
foundation, the Gardner estate was purchased, thus securing an
admirable site, as favorably situated and as well adapted to the great
purposes of this Association as any that has been within its probable
if not possible reach. It is high, light, pleasant, and central between
depots, having fair commercial facilities, and yet not on, though near,
the crowded, noisy, and great thoroughfares of the city. The cost
of the two estates as they now are, is $292,000, and they contain
over thirteen thousand square feet of land. It will require $100,000,
and perhaps a small sum over, to cover the unoccupied land, and
change the present buildings so as to make them every way avail-
able,— the library part completely fire-proof, — making the entire
cost about $400,000, giving us a property well worth a half a miUion
of dollars, which, if rented entirely for ordinary business purposes,
would pay a liberal interest on that amount.
OBJECTIONS.
But it has been often asked, " Why not go up to the South End,
where a site could be bought for a fifth of the amount paid here ? "
Let it be answered, ist — That no persons in the world could be
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 3. 3 1
470 Americaji Congregational Association. [July,
more anxious or interested to secure the cheapest site that would at
all meet the case, than this very Board, on whom rests the responsi-
bility of securing, in some way, the money with which to pay for it.
But then this matter of location has been examined, reexamined,
discussed and re-discussed in committee, in Board, in public and
private ; and this site has been selected, not only because it is on
the whole very good, but because it was the only one available upon
which success was assured. Let it be answered, 2d — That not one
of the benevolent societies would go so far from the centre of arri-
vals in the city, as that would carry them quite away from their con-
tributors and friends, whose convenience they must subserve ; and
thus one of the great ends of having the Congregational House at
all would be utterly defeated. 3d — On a careful estimate, it was
found that it would require actually a larger sum given, necessarily,
by our churches, to secure even a suitable library building alone on
the cheap site, and provide for its necessities, than on the one chosen,
as a considerable portion of the original cost in the latter case can
be met by rentals from stores below and rooms above. And, 4th —
Because either extreme of the city would place the building so out
of the convenient reach" of the great mass of those for whose benefit
it was especially designed, as utterly to defeat the creation of a
centre of correspondence and a Congregational Home, at all. It is
confidently believed that the real friends of this object will see that
the course now adopted by this Board, after so much deliberation,
consultation, and comparison of views, is wise and economical, and
that a kind Providence, in leading to the purchase made, has been
more propitious than any one had dared to anticipate.
FUNDS.
Having now a location so favorable, with buildings that can so
quickly, and at comparatively so small a cost, be made completely
available, and as yet in possession of only $159,000, — less than one
half the needed sum to pay for the property ready for occupancy, —
the question of funds is still one of deep and pressing interest. It is
a question that must be answered. The hull of our ship is built and
launched, but is not only utterly useless, but the interest of her- cost
will quickly consume her value unless she is rigged, laden, and fitted
for a prosperous voyage. A few friends have given liberally and
largely for this object. A few churches have done the same. But,
as will be seen by the Treasurer's report and the tabular statement
I87I.]
American Congregational Association.
471
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below, the number of contributing individuals and churches, as com-
pared with our membership, is very small. There have contributed, in
Maine,. . . 11 ch'ches, — . Individuals in 1 1 ch's, — . Tot. ch's in Maine, 241
New Hampshire 32 " —
Vermont, . . 22 " —
Massachusetts, 172 " —
Rhode Island, 11" —
Connecticut, . 35 " —
, New York, . . 18 " —
New Jersey, . 00 " —
Pennsylvania, 3 " —
Ohio, . . . 3 " —
Indiana, . . 00 " —
Illinois, . . . 9 " —
Michigan, . . 5 " —
Wisconsin, . . 2 " —
Minnesota, • . 3 " —
Iowa, . . . 8 " —
Missouri, . . 3 " —
Nebraska, . . i " —
Kansas, . . 10 " —
California, . . 2 " —
Oregon, . . i " —
Texas, . . i " —
Maryland, i church ; Washington, D. C, i ; Virginia, 4 ; North Carolina, 3 ;
Georgia, 4 ; Alabama, 3 ; Mississippi, 2 ; Louisiana, 12 ; Tennessee, 4 ; Ken-
tucky, 3; Dakota, 4; Wyoming, i ; Colorado, 6; Washington Territory, i; and
nothing given from either.
. Thus it will be seen that out of 3,121 Congregational churches,
only 434, or less than one in seven, have given, either as churches
or individuals in them. It will be seen also, by reference to the
reports of contributions, that our smaller and more remote churches are
best represented. Iowa surpasses Illinois ; Minnesota, Wisconsin
and Michigan ; and Kansas bids fair to be the banner Western State.
In New England, Rhode Island handsomely leads her much larger
neighbors, both Connecticut and Massachusetts. It is known, how-
ever, that a goodly number of the more able, as well as some of the
less able churches, are arranging to take subscriptions for this object
at an early day.
It may be of interest to the churches away from this region, to
kno.w that of the amount received and pledged up to date, ^159,000,
less than fifty thousand dollars have been paid and pledged outside
of Boston and immediate vicinity. It is hoped, therefore, that none
will longer wait for Boston to respond. Both her gifts and her
efforts mean success. And while something more may be secured
472 American Congregational Association. [July,
from here, the remaining seventy to one hundred thousand dollars,
so much needed, must be looked for from the, thus far, non-giving
individuals and churches in Massachusetts, in New England, and
throughout our country.
It does appear to the members of this Board, that they have the
right to ask, and to urge every Congregational minister, whose peo-
ple have not made one fair gift for the Congregational House, so to
bring this subject before them that they will see its importance and
respond. They will never be asked to repeat it. It is one, and
only one, generous gift that is asked of any church, and this must
BE ASKED OF EVERY CHURCH, — such a gift as its members will wish
to see, and have posterity see, upon our memorial record, which is
being made up and to be kept in these archives. It must be a small
gift from many of these churches, it is well known. In all such
cases, let it be a small gift. A single slate, or a brick, is an essential
part of the great whole. The little, just formed, missionary church
of Corpus Christi, Texas, sends three dollars, because one of its
members is desirous that that church should have a name and a
place in this memorial work. Few churches are more remote or
less favorably situated to give. In many cases the gift can be large,
and no detriment accrue to the givers. From such let it be large ! why
not ? The object is certainly every way worthy, and will never come
again. And some large gifts must be secured, or this enterprise will be
greatly embarrassed. One man writes, "I send you $25 to pay for
one square foot of the Club-house." Another wants to own a square
foot of the whole structure when complete and occupied, and ask&,
" What shall I pay ? " Thirty-two dollars is the answer, and twice
fifty thousand are in our fellowship who could become proprietors to
that amount so easily ! And many could as easily own their two or
ten, or fift}% or one hundred feet.
THE OBLIGATION UNIVERSAL.
The few have given, and a good beginning has been made. But
this is so completely a family matter, that the obligation to give is
universal, and while doubtless greater upon those who may chance to
live nearer the favored locality of the building, yet its benefits, its
influence, its use even will extend, must extend to every Congrega-
tional church, to a greater or less extent, sooner or later. It will be
to the denomination what the capitol at Washington is to the nation.
All helped build that, though few will ever see it. All share its
benefits, and not one would dispense with it. The Congregational
1 8/ 1.] Ametican Congregational Association. 473
family has become now so large and scattered, and is growing as
never before, so that some known head-quarters, or moral and social
centre, some rallying and radiating point, has become, not an indi-
vidual or local, but a denominational necessity. The demand for
it grows out of the confessed needs of the churches the most remote
and scattered, even more than of those more compact and nearer the
old homestead. It would serve as a strong bond of union. It
would be a fixed point where each could fasten his tether. It
would be a very great convenience, all admit. It would be a source
of knowledge upon many things that ought to be more generally
known. It would be what has always been needed, a symbol of our
faith and simple polity, a reminder of what God hath wrought for
us, — even as the twelve stones in the bed of Jordan and at Gilgal ;
and so it would be a fitting and -a living monument to the first settlers
of our country, to whom every inhabitant is a debtor. It would be
a signal and a stimulus to every good work ; a home and a resting-
place for the brotherhood of the Congregational churches coming
from afar or near, who wish to sit down for the hour, and/^^/ at home.
Such a structure, occupied as intended, would be a visible and a much-
needed testimony to our children, and to the world, that we value our
principles, and mean, in appropriate ways and in open fields, to
declare and perpetuate them. Now, these are not local advantages
merely, but general, reaching to the extent of our denominational
lines; therefore the obligation to secure them must be coequal.
Every Congregational church will be benefited, strengthened, en-
couraged, assured, and moved to greater diligence in its own Chris-
tian work by this Christian Home. All pious Jews helped build
the temple, so let all Congregationalists help build this Family
House. The churches on the Pacific coast, in Texas, on the Pe-
nobscot, in Louisiana, in Kansas, and that foreign missionary in
India who, unasked, has just sent his third contribution for this
building, are not asked to make contributions to Boston or New
England, but to a cause as vital to themselves as to any, to our
churches the most distant as to those the most near, to a cause which
involves civil as well as religious interests, to a cause whose issues
cannot with impunity be lightly esteemed by either patriot or Chris-
tian in any part of our wide domain.
This Board does, therefore, feel justified in urging ^^ the one gift "
from every Congregational church, rich or poor, distant or near, be
it the penny or the pound, but the gift. And this not to take the
place of any stated contribution, or to hinder any needed home work,
but in addition to these. Let it cost sacrifice, no inconsiderable
474 American Congregational Associatio7i. [July,
inconvenience or self-denial if it must, as thus for a little time will
the givers be brought into sympathy with the Pilgrims, whose whole
life was one great self-denial. Much of what has been received and
pledged has come right from capital, not from profit ; has come
upon other gifts, when there really seemed to be no more to give.
The good woman who is past middle life, who has always earned
her own living, and had made her own contribution with others, but
in view of the great interests at stake, sent $ioo for this Family
Home, instead of laying it out on an article of dress as friends ad-
vised, sacrificed pleasure for principle, and God will bless her ! The
two little girls who sent their little silver pocket-pieces to make their
aged grandfather, fifteen hundred miles away, a life-member of this
Association, are practising in the same direction. A little of a
like, spirit in every Congregational Christian and every Congrega-
tional church, will incline them to make this case so their own that
it will have a place, and will be regarded as exceptional and especial
for one fair memorial offering ; thus securing a great blessing to the
world, and for themselves a place in our memorial record that will
be both a testimony and a benediction to posterity.
PRIVILEGES.
One dollar constitutes any member of an orthodox Congregational
church a member for life of this Association, and the same amount
constitutes any other person an honorary life member. Twenty-five
dollars constitutes an honorary life director. One thousand dollars
from an individual or a church places the name of the giver, at his or
its option, over a section in an alcove in the Library ; and ten thou-
sand dollars appropriates the alcove itself; for thus most fittingly
can this Board recognize its obligations to the contributors of the
needed funds, and the latter show to the world their appreciation of
the principles and polity this Congregational House is destined to
contain and perpetuate.
PLANS FOR THE FUTURE.
As soon as the available resources of the treasury shall reach
$200,000, contracts will be made to put our buildings into a condi-
tion for occupancy, and if the responses of those to whom we now
appeal shall be especially prompt, we shall hope soon to greet our
friends in our new quarters, much more ample, pleasant, and commo-
dious than those where we meet to-day.
187 1.] Amefican Congregational Association. 475
Cordially thanking those who in any way, by word or gift, have
aided in the hard work of the year now closing, and earnestly and
renewedly asking the quick and generous cooperation of those who
have thus far withheld their needed aid, the members of this Board
commit the responsibility of this now well-begun enterprise to their
successors, with the utmost confidence of a speedy and successful
consummation. Or, if those who have thus far borne this especial
burden shall be chosen to carry it still further along, they will only
add that no reasonable effort will be spared, on their part, to com-
plete the work in the shortest possible time, having reference to the
greatest convenience, highest usefulness, and most rigid economy.
By order of Directors,
Isaac P. Lang worthy, Cor. Sec.
The following is the report of the Committee on the Library : —
REPORT OF LIBRARY COMMITTEE.
The number of volumes in the library at the date of the last
annual report, not including duplicates, was 1 1,047 j present num-
ber, 12,337, — a net gain of 1,290.
The duplicates ^Qxe. then 1,481; present number, 2,117, — a net
gain of 636. ' The duplicates are in constant request for exchange,
and are thus valuable as furnishing material by which to increase the
regular library. Many exchanges have been made during the past
year, some of very decided value.
The total number of volumes, including duplicates, is 14,454, —
an increase of 1,926. There has been more than usual increase in
theology, commentaries, and local histories. Among noticeable
additions, is The Simple Cobler of Aggawamm, 1647 '> An Answer
to Stillingfieet, 1680; Book of Martyrs, folio edition, 1684; Jona.
Mitchel : Discourse of the Glory to which God hath called believers
by Jesus Christ; with Preface, by Increase Mather, 172 1.
The number of pamphlets has been increased by over 3,000.
The cataloguing has been seriously interrupted by the extra work
of the memorial year.
All available space for shelves has been improved, adding room
sufficient for about 2,000 volumes. This complete occupation of
space is of less account, in the happy prospect of the new Library
room expected in the Congregational House, for whose need the
476 American Congregational Association. [July,
committee and librarian have no longer to repeat old mournings.
Temporary inconvenience can be patiently borne.
The committee repeats its past estimate, only increased, of the
great value of the library, and renews its indorsement of the faithful
and successful services of the librarian and of his excellent assistant.
The largest donation has been from the Cheshire Theological
Institute, through Rev. Z. S. Barstow, D. d., and Rev. A. W. Burnham,
D. D. (whose lamented decease we have since been called to notice),
secured through the agency of Samuel Burnham, Esq. This num-
bered 573 volumes and 95 pamphlets, a very valuable addition.
Valuable donations have been received from Rev. E. W. Hooker,
D. D., Deacon E. B. Huntington, and Rev. E. N. Kirk, d. d. ; and
newspapers and missionary periodicals from the A. B. C. F. M. The
full list of donors is as follows : —
Vols. Pam.
Abbot, Edward, Andover i i
Adams, Mrs. George M., Portsmouth, N. H. , . , . .1 i
Albro, Mrs. J. A., Waltham 33 193
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, newspapers . i 393
American Education Society, N. Y. Observer, 1870 ....
Amherst College .......... 6
Anderson, Rev. Rufus, D. D., Boston Highlands, newspapers . . 299
Anthony, Rev. George N., Peabody 2
Appleton, W. G., Boston . " 217
Arnold, Rev. S. S., Ascutneyville, Vt. . * 1,082
Barstow, Rev. Z. S., D. D., Keene, N. H • . 12
Beal, George, Jr. 84
Bicknell, Thomas W., Barrington, R. I i
Boston, City of 22 81
Buckingham, Rev. S. G., D. D., Springfield 5
Burgess, E. P., Dedham 72 3,173
Burnham, Rev. Charles, Meredith Village, N. H i
Burnham, Samuel, North Cambridge 2
Butts, Isaac R., Chelsea 6 4
Carpenter, Rev. C. C, Lookout Mt, Tenn. 5
Channing, William F., Providence, R. I I
Chapin, Alonzo, M. D., Winchester 16
Cheshire Theological Institute, Keene, N. H., through Z. S. Barstow,
D. D., and A. W. Burnham, D. D 573 95
Childs, Rev. A. C, W. Charleston, Vt i
Clapp, J. B., Boston, Engravings ........ 8 27
Congregational Publishing Society 24
Copp, Mrs. J. A., Chelsea 496
Craig, Rev. H. K., Norton 4
Cruickshanks, James, Chelsea i
Gushing, Deacon Andrew, Boston 4 8
Gushing, Rev. Christopher, Cambridge 2
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Association. 477
Vols. Paiu.
Deane, Charles, Boston I
Dennet, W. H., Chelsea 18
Dexter, Rev. H. M., D. D., Boston, i Medal i
Durant, Augustus, Melrose 4 i
Edwards, Justin, D. D., Heirs of, Andover I2 S
Eggleston, Rev. N. H., Stockbridge 9
Ellis, Mrs. F. D., Medfield 2 47
Emery, Rev. Joshua, North Weymouth i
Essex Institute, Salem 17
French, Deacon Moses, East Randolph ...... I
Frost, Hon. Rufus S., Chelsea 9 14
Gale, Rev. Nahum, D. D., Lee i
Green, Samuel A., M. D., Boston ■ . . 6 257
Green, Thomas, Chelsea 12
Hitchcock, Alfred, M. D., Fitchburg 2 4
Holbrook, Mrs. Deacon, Sturbridge 26 2
Holbrook, Rev. J. C, D. D., Homer, N. Y 20
Hooker, Rev. E. W., D. D., Newburyport 197 601
Hooker, Rev. H. B., D. D., Boston 3 5
Hoyt, Fogg & Breed, Portland, Me I
Hunnewell, James F., Charlestown ....... i
Huntington, E. B., Boston Highlands 217 826
Hyde, Rev. C. M., Brimfield 93 258
Ide, Rev. Jacob, d. d.. West Medway 3 507
James, Rev. Horace, Lowell . . '. 109 1,602
Kendall, Rev. S. C, Milford . . . • I
Keyes, Miss L. Eva, West Boylston . . - i i
Kingman, Abner, Boston 12 233
Kirk, Rev. E. N., D. D., Boston 281 504
Maltby, Rev. E., Taunton, 2 MSS. Sermons
Massachusetts Division Sons of Temperance 2
Massachusetts Historical Society 2 12
Massachusetts Teacher • . . . 5
McCall, H. S., Albany, N. Y I
Means, Rev. James H., Dorchester 3 3^
Merrill, Miss M. E., North Conway, N. H 2 54
Metcalf, Hon. Theron, Boston 37
Mount Holyoke Seminary, South Hadley I
Mudge, Alfred, Boston i
Munger, Rev. T. T., Providence, R. I . i 16
National Division Sons of Temperance 2 2
Osborne, Rev. C. P., Bristol, R. 1 66
Parker, Rev. C. C, Gorham, Me 39
Parsons, Charles W., Providence, R. I i
Proctor, John C, Boston 7^ 75
Punchard, Rev. George, Boston 133
Rice, Deacon R. E., New Haven, Ct 2
Rich, Rev. A. B., D. D., Beverly 43 32
Roberts, John G., Boston 2
Robinson, Rev. R. T., Winchester 43 32
478 American Congregational Association. [July,
Vols. Pam.
Rupp, David C. M., Boston Highlands 2
Sargent, M. H., Boston 47
Secretary of State 5 3
Seymour, Rev. H., East Hawley i
Shute, Eben, Boston i
Stockwell, S. N., Boston 5 365
Stone, T. N., M. D., Wellfleet i
Tarbell, Miss , Boston 19 6
Thayer, Mrs. Cephas, West Medway 22 iii
Thornton, J. Wingate, Boston i
Torrey, C. H., West Medway, 53 MSS 19 27
Tupper, Rev. Martyn, Hardwick 42
Wales, Mrs. William, Dorchester i
Wells, Mrs. Thompson, Westerly, R. 1 4
White, Henry, New Haven, Ct 6
Wiggin, John K., Boston 4
Respectfully submitted,
A. H. Quint, ) Library
Daniel P. Noyes, \ Committee.
May 29, 187 1.
SUMMARY OF CONTRIBUTIONS.
Maine $211.25
New Hampshire 1,933.73
Vermont 998.93
Massachusetts 18,214.83
Rhode Island 1,024.83
Connecticut 2,072,13
New York 410.21
New Jersey 10.00
Pennsylvania 2S.40
Maryland 1.00
North Carolina 1.00
South Carolina 2.00
Mississippi 1.00
Texas 3.00
Ohio 272 45
IllinoiB • 332.11
Michigan 185.30
Wisconsin 29.00
Minnesota 283.05
Iowa 122.70
Missouri 72.50
Kansas 168.05
Nebraska 4.00
Oregon 39.00
California 63.00
Miscellaneous 88.00
Total $26,571.46
iS/i.] Ametican Congregational Association.
479
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480 American Congregational Union. [July?
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
BUSINESS MEETING.
The Eighteenth Annual Business Meeting of the American Con-
gregational Union was held at the Academy of Music, Brooklyn, N.
Y., on Thursday, May 11, at half-past three o'clock, p, M.
Alfred S. Barnes, Esq., Vice-President of the Society, occupied the
chair. Prayer was offered by Rev. C. Gushing, of Boston. A sum-
mary of the Annual Report of the Board of Trustees was presented
by the Rev. Ray Palmer, D. d.. Corresponding Secretary. The
Treasurer read a summary of his Annual Report for the year ending
May I, 1871. On motion, it was
Voted^ That the Annual Report of the Board of Trustees, and of
the Treasurer, be accepted and published, under the direction of the
Board of Trustees.
On motion of James H. Storrs, Esq., it was Voted, That the " Act
relative to the American Congregational Union, of the city of New
York, passed March 15, 187 1," by the legislature of the State of
New York, be hereby made a part of the Constitution of this Society,
and that the Constitution, as amended, be published with the usual
Annual Reports.
The subject of local efforts for aiding new churches in cities was
introduced by Rev. Dr. Budington, and discussed by him and Rev.
Dr. Palmer, Henry C. Bowen, Esq., and S. Nelson Davis, Esq., and
on motion, it was
Voted, That the matter of arranging plans for aiding churches in
large cities by local efforts, in cooperation with the work of the Con-
gregational Union, be referred to the Board of Trustees with power.
On motion, the President appointed a committee to nominate offi-
cers of the Society for the ensuing year.
The committee reported the following named gentlemen for the
several offices of President, Vice-Presidents, and Trustees, all of
whom were duly elected : —
OFFICERS FOR 1871-72.
President.
Rev. WM. IVES BUDINGTON, d. d., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Vice-Presidents.
Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, d. d., New York.
Alfred S. Barnes, Esq., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rev. Richard S. Storrs, Jr., d. d., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rev. Henry M. Storrs, d. p., Brookl}m, N. Y.
1 87 1.] A^nerican Congregatio7tal Union. 481
Hon. Bradford R. Wood, Albany, N. Y.
Rev. O. E. Daggett, d. d., New London, Conn.
Hon. AVm. a. Buckingham, ll. d., Norwich, Conn.
Rev. Edwards A. Park, d. d., Andover, Mass.
Rev. Mark Hopkins, d. d., Williamstown, Mass.
Rev. Isaac P. Langworthy, Boston, Mass.
Rev. J. M. Manning, d. d., Boston, Mass.
Hon. Emory Washburn, ll. d., Cambridge, Mass.
Hon. Reuben A. Chapman, ll. d., Monson, Mass.
Rev. John O. Fiske, d. d., Bath, Maine.
Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace, d. d., Manchester, N. H.
Rev. H. D. KiTCHEL, d. d., Middlebury, Vt.
Hon. John B. Page, Rutland, Vt.
Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence, R. I.
Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, d. d., Jacksonville, 111.
S. B. GooKiNS, Esq., Chicago, 111.
Rev. Julius A. Reed, Columbus, Neb.
Rev. George F. Magoun, d. d., Grinnell, Iowa.
Rev. Truman M. Post, d. d., St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. Andrew L. Stone, d. d., San Francisco, Cal.
Rev. Samuel Wolcott, d. d., Cleveland, Ohio.
Trustees.
Rev. Wm. Ives Budington, d. d. Rev. George B. Bacon.
Rev. Milton Badger, d. d. Rev. Henry M. Scudder, d. d.
Rev. Ray Palmer, d. d. Rev. C. H. Everest.
Rev. Christopher Cushing. Rev. G. B. Wilcox.
Henry C. Bowen, Esq. S. Nelson Davis, Esq.
Alfred S. Barnes, Esq. A. S. Hatch, Esq.
James W. Elwell, Esq. James H. Storrs, Esq.
N. A. Calkins, Esq. Wm. Henry Smith, Esq.
William Allen, Esq. Dwight Johnson, Esq.
Samuel Holmes, Esq. J. B. Hutchinson, Esq.
Robert D. Benedict, Esq. Caleb B. Knevals, Esq.
Officers appointed by the Board of Trustees : —
Corresponding Secretaries.
Rev. ray PALMER, d. d., 69 Bible House, New York.
Rev. CHRISTOPHER CUSHING, i6Tremont Temple, Boston.
Treasurer and Recording Secretary,
. N. A. CALKINS, 146 Grand Street, New York
The meeting then adjourned. N. A. CALKINS,
Recording Secretary.
482 Ai7iericafi Congregational Union. [July,
STATEMENT OF THE TRUSTEES.
The Trustees of the American Congregational Union avail them-
selves of the opportunity afforded by the close of the eighteenth year
of its history, to present the usual summary of the operations of the
Board since the last annual meeting.
It is with deep regret that they have to record the removal of one
of their number by death, since the last annual meeting, — Charles W.
Gould, Esq., of New York, long a member of the Board, and a stead-
fast friend of the Congregational Union and its work, who died while
travelling in Europe, in pursuit of health. He was a man highly es-
teemed, and has left an honorable record. One of his last acts
before leavins: home was to send his check for a liberal amount to
the Treasurer of the Union.
GENERAL WORK OF THE UNION.
It is implied in its very name, that this association was formed for
the purpose of promoting the cooperative unity of the great brother-
hood of Congregational Churches. In various ways it has, from the
first, directed its efforts to this end.
Each successive year furnishes new evidence of the value of its
agency. With each successive year its work becomes more widely
extended, and its points of contact with the churches more numer-
ous. As the salutary results of its good offices progressively reveal
themselves, the great advantages, particularly to the more sparsely
planted churches and pastors, of having such a centre of intelligence
and intercommunication, are of course better understood. No
power draws Christian hearts together like that of sympathy awak-
ened by acquaintance with each other's sacrifices and labors, and by
mutual helpfulness in the common Christian work.
In our report of last year, we spoke in some detail of the general
work of the Union, and of the ways in which it had sought to fulfil its
mission. There is no need, therefore, now to speak of these things
at length. It is sufficient that we state in brief, that our rooms at
the Bible House — now numbers 68 and 69, the numbers having re-
cently been changed — have continued to furnish a convenient place
of resort for information in respect to our denominational affairs,
so meeting the want of a centre of denominational intelligence. A
great number of brethren from all parts of the country, have called
during the year to bring reports from their respective fields, or to
make inquiries in relation to the common interests.
1 8/ 1.] American Congregatio7ial Union, 483
The Social Reunion, which occurred as usual at the beginning
of our year, not only brought a great number of Congregational-
ists pleasantly together, but also impressively illustrated the truly
catholic spirit of our churches, by uniting with us, both as speakers
and hearers, representative ministers and members of the leading
Evangelical churches. That meeting has continued to be crowded,
while so many of the old Anniversary occasions have come to be
neglected, or have been wholly given up. The monthly meeting
of the " Clerical Union," attended by the Congregational ministers
of New York and its vicinity, and held in our Room, No. 69, has
gone on with unflagging interest, doing not a little to promote fra-
ternal acquaintance, and helping to solve the ever-recurring practical
problems of the pastoral work, by thorough discussions of the promi-
nent questions directly connected with it.
The Conference of neighboring churches, an outgrowth of this
meeting, has held sessions of deep interest, and promises great good
in the future. To these things may be added, as filling up the
measure of miscellaneous good accomplished more or less imme-
diately by the Union, not a few friendly offices towards ministers,
churches, and Christian institutions which cannot be specified in
detail.
SPECIAL WORK OF CHURCH BUILDING.
This great work, so essential to the development of our strength,
and the wide dissemination of the principles drawn from the Scrip-
tures by the Pilgrim Fathers, has been steadily prosecuted through
the year. Its importance, and the difficulties attending it, both
become more and more manifest as it goes on. Every labor of love
requires somewhat of the patience of hope. Still, there are some
Christian enterprises that seize the public attention, and awaken the
enthusiasm of many hearts much more readily than others. Gener-
ally, the nearer any work lies to the final results desired, the more
captivating it will seem. The farmer, when he is ploughing in
the autumn with reference to the crop the next year, is not half
as much an object of interest as he will be when he shall be actu-
ally reaping the harvest and gathering home the ripened sheaves.
The mason who is laying deep in the earth the rough stones that
are to serve as the foundation of the edifice, attracts far less notice
than the architect who is putting on the gilded cornice, or setting the
• graceful turret, or than the artist who ornaments the ceiling with his
brush. So the immediate preaching of the gospel, and the in-
gathering of the weary, the ignorant, the lost, into the fold of the
484 American Congregatiojial Union. [July,
Good Shepherd, appeals much more forcibly to the popular heart
than the founding of churches and colleges, and the writing of
learned treatises in defence or explication of Christian truth. Yet,
after all, the work of extending Christ's kingdom is essentially one ;
and those parts of it which are concerned with the laying of perma-
nent foundations, if less attractive, are by no means less important.
Without the plough you can have no sheaves ; without the solid
granite blocks, you can have no cornices or frescoes. Without
church edifices in which to gather, organize, and instruct the people,
and permanently to maintain the Christian ordinances, it is impos-
sible to give Christianity its legitimate ascendancy, and effectually to
bring society under its saving power.
It is not to be wondered at that those who go to the frontier
from the Christian homes of the East, feel that the saddest of all
their many privations, and the hardest to be borne, is the want of
the privileges of the Sabbath and the house of God, to which they
were accustomed from their childhood. Nor is it strange that the
home missionary is ready to sink under the pressure of discourage-
ment, when he sees against what hopeless difficulties he must con-
tend, and how much labor he must inevitably waste, while he
endeavors to perform his work as a minister without any house of
worship. There is all the more need that intelligent and thoughtful
persons should seriously consider the fundamental importance of the
work of multiplying sanctuaries, and practically manifest their inter-
est in it, because it has so little that appeals to those who are moved
only by what is sensational and startling. It ought to be enough to
secure for thi^ work the sympathy and earnest cooperation of every
Congregational church and pastor, that every church rendered perma-
nent and successful by giving it a house of worship, will be, for gen-
erations to come, a fountain of living waters, whose issues will spread
spiritual life and health and beauty all around ; and that without
temples of God scattered all over our land, it will be impossible to
have Christian colleges and schools, and the various institutions
and elements of a Christian civilization. It is, furthermore, to the
churches so established, with their pastors, their Sabbath schools,
and their benevolent associations, and to the institutions for Christian
education which are their offspring, that the great Foreign Mission-
ary work is to look for its resources and its men. In proportion as
our churches are numerous and strong at home, will be our power
to reach and bless the world abroad.
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Union. 485
PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN THE WORK.
Experience has brought us face to face with not a few practical
difficulties. It seems to have become necessary, therefore, to make
a very explicit statement in relation to the original conception of the
church-building enterprise, and the present mode of conducting it.
Totally wrong impressions are found to exist, in many instances, re-
specting both. Very extravagant ideas are sometimes entertained by
churches proposing to build, as to the amount of aid to be expected.
Large amounts are counted on and asked, and the enterprise of build-
ing is commenced with means wholly inadequate, on the assumption
that what is asked for will certainly be given. Disappointment, em-
barrassments that are painful, and in now and then a case, perhaps
some little unamiable feeling, are the result, when it is found that no
such amount as has been applied for can possibly be obtained. In
other cases, where the usual grants have been made, it not unfre-
quently happens, that under the pressure of some exigency in the
process of building, the Union is asked to depart from its fixed
principles as to the time and manner of payment, in order to meet
that particular emergency. Sometimes, when it has been certified,
in order to draw the money, that the grant of the Union, when paid,
would leave the church wholly without debt, it has been found after-
wards that the fact was quite otherwise, owing probably to some
misapprehension or mismanagement of the parties.
Occasionally, individual churches insist on sending their minister
directly to the contributing churches, hoping to get larger amounts
than the Union is able to grant. Often, when grants from the Union
have been asked and accepted on the usual specified conditions, the
conditions are not fulfilled.^ but speedily forgotten. These and such
things greatly embarrass the Board of Trustees, and complicate their
task. It may help to remedy the evils resulting from them to make
the following explanations.
WHAT IT HAS BEEN PROPOSED TO DO, AND OTHER IMPORTANT
MATTERS.
I. The movement to render aid to weak churches in building
houses of worship did not originally propose, and has not in fact at-
tempted, to give a large percentage of the cost of any particular church.
It was said by those who appealed for aid, that the small sum of
two, three, or four hundred dollars to pay for cash articles would
prove, where money was extremely scarce, a substantial and suffi-
cient help ; besides, that the pledge of such a sum could be effectively
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. IIL NO. 3. 32
486 American Congregational Union. [July
used as a means of enlisting those on the ground to do what they
could. The actual fact is, that an average regular grant of about
four hundred dollars has secured the building of seven hundred
churches and upwards.
2. It has not been proposed, and is not now proposed, to aid in
building the more expensive churches in cities and large towns, with very
rare and special exceptions. When church edifices are needed in
such places, it must be supposed that means can there be raised,
without appealing to the charity of the churches at large. At any
rate, it would not be possible for the Union to raise money to assist
in the erection of houses of worship where business finds its centres,
and is likely to increase rapidly the value of property and the re-
sources of the people. A small debt in such a case is not likely to
do harm.
3. There is no such thing as a building fimd, apart from the con-
tributions of the churches for the current year. The applications be-
fore the Trustees of the Union are, very frequently, in advance of
the amount in the treasury. Of course each applying church must
take its turn, as regards the time of payment, if funds are not supplied
as fast as needed. The Board never borrow ; and all grants are
made with the express understanding that their payment is condi-
tional on the state of the treasury. No grant is absolute.
4. The fixed conditions of grants, and the rules observed in
making and paying them, are rightly understood as pledges to the
donors of moneys given to the Union, that such moneys shall be ex-
pended only under these conditions and rules. Of course, the Union
must keep faith with those who contribute. It is of no avail, there-
fore, for any church, whatever its difficulties, to ask the Trustees to
depart from its published principles. It has no moral right to do so.
Fifteen out of every twenty churches honestly think their case pecu-
liar. In fact, the difficulties with which they all struggle are sub-
stantially the same. The only fair method is, to show no partiality.
5. As there is no building fund, and the amounts asked in small
grants often exceed the contributions, the Union has ordinarily no
money to loan. If at any time the state of the treasur}', after ordittary
dofiations are paid, should allow the making of loans, the Board
would, of course, feel at liberty to make them on adequate security ;
but this is likely to happen very rarely. It is not wise for churches
to count on them at all.
6. It is a great evil for particular churches to send their pastors,
or any other agent, abroad among the churches to solicit aid. It is
a wrong to the many churches equally in need of help, which do not
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Union. 487
adopt that course. If one church succeeds in this way, by its per-
sonal appeal, it gets more than its fair share of the etitire contributions
of the churches for this purpose, and so robs its fellotu-sufferers. At the
same time, it annoys pastors and churches, who once a year con-
tribute for church erection with the understanding that this is to
save them from perpetual solicitations. It tends to' derange and
embarrass the whole work.
7. The number of churches needing aid is ^so great that the
Union cannot give, with the present rate of contributions, more than
five hundred dollars to any church, and the average of its grants can-
not be more than four hundred. If every Congregational church,
East and West, would take a collection for the Union once a year,
one hundred thousand dollars would easily be raised, and larger
amounts might be granted at the more important points. This
will be done when pastors detentiine that it shall. It is painful
to be obliged to state that less than one fourth of the Congregational
churches of the whole country are bearing any part in this great
work of planting Christian churches of the freest sort, so as to keep
pace with the advancing population. Less than half of the churches
aided keep their solemn pledges to take a collection in aid of the
Union every year.
8. Individuals or particular churches, that from personal ac-
quaintance, or other reasons, have a special interest in a given
church, may furnish money with instructions to give it to that church.
Sums so given are called by the Trustees special grants, and are re-
ported in our manual.
9. Loans are to be repaid directly to the treasury. Money given
to a neighboring church, through the Union, to be made a special
grant in addition to what the Union itself has given, does not repay
a debt for borrowed money, and cannot be credited by the Treasurer
as doing this.
10. When churches which have received aid from the Union on
certain express conditions, neglect to fulfil those conditions, the
money granted legally reverts to the Union, and the repayment of it
may be demanded. One of these conditions is, that each church so
aided shall each year make a contribution to the treasury of the Union.
A careful attention to this statement of principles and facts, will
save those who propose to apply for aid, or have already received it,
from much embarrassment, and the Trustees of the Union much
trouble. The constant desire and aim of the Board is, to assist the
weak churches to the greatest possible extent consistent with the
faithful discharge of its sacred duty as a Board of Trust, responsible
to those who have placed money in its hands.
488 Americaji Congregational Union. [July,
CHURCH-BUILDING WORK THE PAST YEAR.
A large number of applications have been in the hands of the Board
the past year. So rapidly is the tide of population sweeping on, that
the demand for houses of worship grows faster than the liberality of
the churches. . The raising of money for benevolent objects has
been more than ordinarily difficult. The state of trade generally,
and the exceeding scarcity of money in the West, owing to the low
price of staple products, have reduced the receipts of many of the
chief religious societies. For this reason, churches which have had
correspondence with us in reference to building, have, in many in-
stances, been advised to wait, and have withheld their formal re-
quests for aid. Still it may be taken as a proof of the growing favor
in which the Union is held by the churches that the amount contrib-
uted through it, without extraordinary appeals, for church-building
during the year past, not only equals, but a little exceeds that of any
former year. We miss, however, in making up our total for the pres-
ent year, the large legacies received during the two previous years,
and also the generous gift of five thousand dollars by Henry C.
Bowen, Esq., a gift which has already been applied to the virtual
building of twelve churches. We gratefull}' acknowledge, however,
the receipt, during the present year, of a legacy of two thousand
dollars from Mrs. Lois Chaplin, of New Haven, Conn. A legacy of
ten thousand dollars, left us during the present year by Mrs. Mary J-
Sweetser, of Port Huron, Mich., will not be paid for some time to
come. Still, a great and good work has been accomplished during
the year. The whole number of applications in the hands of the
Board since the last annual meeting has been over one hundred.
The whole number of grants paid in whole, or in part, during the
same period has been sixty-five. The amount paid to these churches
has been fifty-two thousand nine hundred and sixty-two dollars.
The churches to which grants have been paid have been distributed
among the States as follows : —
Maine, i ; New Hampshire, i ; Massachusetts, 4 ; New York, 2 ;
New Jersey, i ; Delaware, i ; Ohio, 2 ; Illinois, 5 ; Micliigan, 4 ;
Wisconsin, 6; Minnesota, i; Iowa, 18; Missouri, 5; Kansas, 5;
Nebraska, 2 ; Colorado, i ; California, 4 ; Oregon, i ; Louisiana,
I. Total, — 65.
The entire amount received by the treasurer for the Union has
been fifty-one thousand two hundred and sixty-one dollars. Remain-
ing in the treasury at this date, two thousand seven hundred and five
dollars. Pledged by grants to twenty-four churches but not yet paid,
iS/l.] Ainefican Congregational Union. 489
ten thousand and fifty dollars. Several applications not yet acted
on remain on our table.
pastors' libraries.
The Union has not hitherto had the means of doing much in aid
of pastors' libraries. It has, however, done something. Last year,
two hundred volumes of the Congregational Quarterly were given to
home missionaries, and were gratefully acknowledged. But it was
desired, the present year, to accomplish more in this direction. The
circulation of our principal Periodicals — the Bibliotheca Sacra, the
Congregational Quarterly, the New Englander, and the Congrega-
tional Review — has manifestly a most important bearing on the
character of our ministry and churches, both in the present and the
future. These able works may stand instead of many books, where
a library cannot be had, and for this reason it has seemed worth
while to make an effort to place them in the hands of ministers who
need, but cannot take them, so far as this is possible. By an ar-
rangement with the publishers of these journals, it was proposed last
year to send the Congregational Quarterly to any minister requesting
it, whose people should have contributed five dollars, or more, to the
treasury of the Union ; and in addition to this, to send either of the
other publications above named to any minister whose people should
have contributed twenty, or more dollars ; and any two of them,
when the amount contributed should have been forty dollars, or up-
wards. This offer was made with the express understanding that it
was for the benefit of tjiose only who were not, and were not able to be,
subscribers on their own account. A considerable number of min-
isters have in this way been supplied with one or more of these valu-
able publications, who would not otherwise have received them.
The same offers are made for the coming year. Let it, however,
be distinctly understood that the Periodical desired, in any case, can
be sent only when the money contributed is actually received by the treas-
urer. Money sent to the Union in repayment of indebtedness for loans,
and money given to another church, to be made a special grant, will not
entitle to the Reviews. The offer is made only to direct contribut-
ors to the funds of the Union, whose contributions are available for
the payment of its grants. As the Union is obliged to purchase the
publications, it cannot take the care and responsibility of looking
after promises, however reliable, of future contributions, to see
whether they are fulfilled. When the contribution from any church
comes to hand, and with it a request for either periodical, under the
arrangement as explained, the numbers from January onward will
490 American Cojigregational Union. [July,
be sent. The Board regret that they are not able to respond to
the earnest appeals sometimes made to them for books by ministers
who are doing frontier work, and who so greatly need them, espe-
cially works of reference. They will be happy to appropriate money
given specially to meet this want, or to transmit books, should any
generous giver place either in their hands.
RESPONSES FROM THOSE AIDED.
We have not space to give extracts at much length from letters
which show the wants of those who have gone to the frontiers, and
the happy results of the grants made by the Union. We have done
this liberally in former reports, and it is therefore the less necessary
now. It is, indeed, impossible to give to the public the details in
many cases of the struggles and sacrifices passed through by those
who are endeavoring to supply themselves with houses of worship,
especially by ministers and their families, without wounding the
delicacy of private feeling. The following letter from a Christian
lady, the wife of a minister, may serve as a specimen, in place of
many : —
" Dear Sir, — You will excuse an interested, though unauthorized,
person for addressing you informally, in behalf of a small struggling
church of the West. I hear their questionings, — some of which are
not answered in the reports of the Congregational Union, — I know
of their discouragements, their anxieties, and their utter inability to
provide for themselves a house of worship. Can you bear with me
while I write something of their history ? They came to this country
less than five years ago, with small means, to avail themselves of the
benefits of the homestead laws. Arriving, they provided the most
temporary shelters for their families, broke a few acres of prairie,
when they found their means exhausted, and they were obliged to
leave their families and go to the older settlements to work and earn
a supply of food for their wives and little ones. Knowing very little
about the time it takes to tame this wild prairie, they expected the
following year to reap the benefit of their toil. But for two succes-
sive years, the grasshopper ate up everything they planted. The
third year the blackbirds — so notorious for their depredations —
took large quantities of their crops. Through all these discourage-
ments they have persevered ; the men going from twenty to thirty
miles to get work, hauling their fuel the same distance. The most
cruel thing of all is, that they had to leave their families scarce half
protected by their "shanties" from these fierce prairie winds that
seem to sweep with unbroken fury from the heights of the Rocky
1 8/ 1.] Amefican Congregational Union. 491
Mountains, and break upon their dwellings. From the first they have
kept up their Sunday school and prayer-meeting, never being too
poor to give to the cause they love most — the cause of the Re-
deemer. I know that they are regarded by the neighboring commu-
nities as a marvel of integrity, energy, and perseverance. During
the last year, the Dubuque and Sioux City Railroad has been
opened up among them. They have succeeded in getting their
farms under pretty good cultivation. Our town, it is expected, will
be a division station, and will be the most important point in the
county. Emigration will flood the county, and there is not a church
building in it. We are in a great strait for a building in which to
gather these new-comers, that they may not, as thousands have
done, renounce their religion as soon as their wandering feet have
pressed our soil. Our people want to build a church worth nine
or ten hundred dollars. According to your rules, they could not
hope for a donation of over three hundred dollars. Is it your
opinion they could get that much, and also "effect a loan of two hun-
dred or more, if needed ? I have written as a private individual to
you, in this way, because our necessities are so pressing. Further-
more, I am personally interested. My husband is the pastor of the
church, and I see that the peculiar hardships incident to our prese?it
situation are killing him. A church building would materially lessen
his labors, and thus prolong his life. I have just been into the study
to read the foregoing to him, and to ask his approval of the course I
am pursuing. He says, ' tell them we must have a church if we build it
of sods I And that anything they do for this people, looking to future
remuneration, will not be lost ; for a more reliable people are not to
be found upon the face of the earth.' Will you please drop a line,
either of encouragement or discouragement, as the case may be ?
Please do not delay."
Many, many such are the pleas that come to us. The reading of
them would seem to be enough to move any Christian, who has the
means at his command, to give liberally to aid those who are making
such sacrifices, and struggling so nobly. Many churches that have
been aided have sent us the warmest thanks, with the announcement
of precious revivals of religion and increased prosperity, as the
result of their entrance into a new house of worship.
THE FUTURE OF OUR WORK.
What will it be ? that is, on what scale and with what results ?
What otight it to be ? It is easier to answer the latter than the
former. That God is loudly calling the Congregational Churches to
492 American Congregational Union. [July,
do, in the spirit of self-sacrifice if need be, a great work for Christian
freedom and spiritual religion, no thoughtful observer of the course
of events can doubt. That His voice is not heard, or at least is not
heeded, by a veiy large portion of Congregational ministers and
churches, is painfully apparent. In this great work of aiding our own
sons and daughters, to secure for themselves the Christian sanctuary
with its life-giving word and ordinances, in the progress of which
more than seven hundred have been reared, it is mortifying to be
obliged to state that more thafi three fourths of our upwards of three
thousand churches are bearing no part whatever. Three fourths
of all the Congregational ministers who have the charge of parishes,
do not present to their congregations the wants of their suffering
brethren, and give them an opportunity to contribute for their relief.
If they would once a year do this, at least one hundred thousand dol-
lars annually might easily be raised. But failing to do it, the weak
churches are left to call and wait and pray in vain, and the Trustees
of the Union are compelled, in grief of heart, to report to them a
treasury almost empty, and in fact over-pledged. Nor should any of
the churches that are so remiss stand excused on the ground that
they are called to contribute to local church enterprises. This
might possibly in some cases justify a failure to contribute to help
the weak in the desert places for a single year. Most of the stronger
churches in the towns and cities find themselves called on to help,
more or less, new churches needing aid immediately about them.
Yet, if all these stronger churches decline to interest themselves
in the needs of those who are going into the new settlements and
striving there to lay the foundations of permanent Christian institu-
tions, it will be impossible to give them the assistance without which,
in most cases, they will fail.
THE OPENING FIELD.
A mere glance at a map which represents the aspect of our coun-
try as it is to-day, will show us the opening field. Look at the middle
tier of States and Territories beyond the Mississippi, — Missouri, Iowa,
Kansas and Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California. How
long before these vast regions, now that the thoroughfare to the Pacific
and to Asia is opened through them, will swarm with rapidly growing
millions? How fast must those heterogeneous millions be supplied
with Christian institutions, if they are to be assimilated to our Ameri-
can type of thought and feeling, and raised to a refined and Christian
civilization ? Look again at the northern tier, — Wisconsin, Minnesota,
Dacotah Montana, Idaho, and Washington. At the rate of a mile a
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Union. 493
day, another great thoroughfare is pushing on through these States,
with eager multitudes following in its wake. See likewise on the
south the immense domain of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, some-
what behind the others in the career of progress, but soon, beyond
all doubt, to be on the track of a third connecting line of transit from
the Great River to the Pacific. With this glance at what the
younger part of the living generation is to see accomplished, and a
little reflection as to the results that speedily must follow, can any
sane man doubt as to what ought to be the spirit and the purpose
of our Congregational churches in regard to the establishment of
permanent Christian institutions over all this grand area ? Ought
not every minister and every Christian to feel that it will be a shame
to him to have lived and died and done nothing of any importance
to secure it all to Christ, — to Christian intelligence and virtue ?
A NOBLE USE OF MONEY.
A thoughtful man or woman to whom God has entrusted property,
must often be led to raise the question, How shall I so use this
trust that by it I may honor Christ and bless the world to the utmost
that is possible ? How shall I so dispose of it, that when I have
done with life, it may most effectually perpetuate my influence on
earth? A man who shall give five hundred dollars a year, say for
twenty years of his life, may leave twenty churches virtually built by hi?n
to bless all coming generations. He who gives five thousand dol-
lars at once, and builds in a single year ten or twelve Christian sanc-
tuaries in which shall perpetually be dispensed the word and ordi-
nances by which men shall be trained for heaven, does a work the
ultimate value of which only the judginent day itself will fully
reveal. He who in the final disposition of his property, when life is
drawing towards its close, shall leave his ten, or twenty, or thirty
thousand dollars for the building of temples of the living God for
the use of those who are to fill this land in coming years, will be a
blessed minister of good to men, and will be helping to elevate
and save his country, when he himself shall be walking with the
redeemed of God and with the Lamb. It is earnestly hoped that
the Congregational Union may be made the instrument of dis-
pensing many such sacred charities.
By order of the Board of Trustees.
Ray Palmer, ) Secretaries.
Christopher Gushing, )
494
American Cougregatiofial Union.
[July,
SUMMARY OF TREASURER'S REPORT.
American Congregational Union, in Account with N. A. Calkins,
Treasurer.
Cr.
1871.
Mayl.
By Balance in Treasury May 1, 1870.
" Contributions received
from Maine
" New Hampshire
" Vermont .
" Massachusetts
" Connecticut
" Rhode Island
" New York
" New Jersey . .
" Pennsylvania .
" Maryland
" Ohio
" Indiana . . , .
" Illinois
" Michigan
" Wisconsin . ,
" Minnesota
" Iowa ....
" Missouri . . ,
" Kansas . . .
" Nebraska . . .
" Colorado .
" California . . .
" Oregon
" Tennessee . .
" Georgia ,
" Louisiana . . .
" Interest . .
$1,215.65
692.78
1,088.52
15,679.62
8,714.79
646.26
10,988.43
71.08
148.72
141.80
2,034.57
40.36
3.003 17
708.05
1,26.5.67
264.00
2,201.61
660.90
349.95
46.00
25.00
760.96
263.85
10.00
25.00
27.45
187.20
$14,808.68
$51,261.39
$66,070.07
i87i.]
Americaji Congregational Union.
495
Dr.
1871.
May 1. To Appropriations paid to aid in Building Houses of Worship
for Coiigregatioiial Churches, as follows: —
At Sherman, Maine, 'Washhurn Memorial Church $500.00
" " " " " (Special) 1,814.S4
(Bal. Loan) 500.00
" South Seabrook, New Hampshire,
" Belmont,
<i 'I
" Lynn,
" Quincy,
" Southboro,
" Brooklyn,
Massachusetts, Ist Cong. Church of Waverley 500.00
■ " " (Special) 1,462.04
Chestnut St. Cong. Church 400.00
" " (Special) 845.00
Evangel. " 500.00
•' (Special) 4,500.00
2d Cong. " (Loan) 600.00
New York,
" Jersey City, New Jersey,
" Canterbury, Delaware,
" Gambler, Ohio,
" Marietta, "
" Aledo, Illinois,
ii (( (t
" Chicago, "
" Morris, "
11 It ii
" Morton, "
" Utica, "
" Essex, Michigan,
" Hancock, "
" Northport, "
U Ik (i
" Ray Centre, "
" Augusta, Wisconsin,
'* Bloomer, "
" Mondori, "
IC (( ((
" Osborn,
" Peshtigo,
" Richwood,
" Mazeppa, Minnesota,
" Amity, Iowa
" Beacon, "
" Belle Plain, "
" Blackhawk, "
t( (( ((
" Corning, "
" Council Bluflfs, "
" Fayette, "
(< >1 u
" Fort Dodge, "
(( :i 1. «
" Genoa Bluffs, '«
" Lansing Ridge, "
" Marshalltown, "
" Nashua, "
" New Providence, "
" Onawa, "
(C
«
Park "
Puritan "
2d
2d
" (Special) 6,750.00
" (Special) 655.00
" (Loan) 600.00
" (Special) 694.35
" 400.00
" (Special) 450.00
" 300.00
" (Special) 677.35
Park
Ist
1st
Ist
Ist "
ii
Ist
t( {(
t(
Birds' Creek
(Special)
(Bal. Loan)
(Special)
(Special)
(Loan)
(Loan)
(Special)
(Special)
450.00
332.00
500.00
400.00
332.00
300.00
500.00
500.00
200.00
500.00
400.00
155.00
300.00
80.00
(Special)
(Special)
150.00
500.00
400.00
206.00
488.00
50U.O0
150.00
350.00
Ist Congregational Church
Welsh " "
1st " "
iBt "
1st "
1st
. Evan.
Ger.
Ist
1st Evan.
1st
$400.00
400.00
«' 400.00
" 350.00
" (Special) 105.00
" 350,00
"(Special) 3.816.35
«' 400.00
"(Special) 134.00
" 300.00
"(Special) 105.00
" 320.00
'< 275.00
" 600.00
500.00
115.00
500 00
500.00
" (Special) 2,222.43
(Special)
• ^Loan)
$2,314.84
500.00
8,807.04
7,405.00
600.00
594.35
1,827.36
3.314 00
1,635.00
2,394.00
360.00
11,692 78
Amount carried forward,
$41,334 36
496
American Congregational Union.
[July,
Amount brought forward,
At Parkersburg, Iowa, Ist Congregational Church $W0.00
" " " " " (Special) 100.00
" Prairie City, " " " (especial) 196.00
" Rome, " Congregational Church, 400.00
" " '• " " (ripecial) 345.00
" Webster City, " 1st " '• 400.00
(Total amount paid for building churches in Iowa, $13,533.78.)
" Caholia, Missouri, Ist " "
" Glenwood,
it a
" La Clede,
" Lathrop,
«' WellsviUe,
" Eureka, Kansas,
" Fort Scott, •'
" Leavenworth, "
" Seneca, "
" White Cloud, "
" Plattsmouth, Nebraska,
•' Weeping Water, •'
Ist
Ist
3d
t(
1st
1st
1st Evan.
Ist Cong,
" Eoulder,
(c
" Dixon,
" Hydesville,
u i<
" Nortonville,
" Soquel,
'' Astoria,
" Greenville,
Colorado,
California,
Oregon,
ti
Louisiana,
400.00
100.00
500.00
603.50
70,00
500.00
250.00
400.00
100.00
350.00
770.25
350.00
150.00
500.00
500.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
400.00
450.00
(Special) 160.00
300.00
450.00
" (Special)
" (Special)
" (Special)
u
" (Special)
CC
'• (Special)
" (Special)
" (Colored)
" (Special)
Ist
" 500.00
" (Special) 433.85
" (Colored) 200.00
Total amount paid for building 65 churches.
To amount paid on account of pastors' libraries ....
" Salaries of ofileers and clerk $7,850.00
" Rent of rooms for offices in New York and Boston . . 856.00
" Travelling expenses of Secri-taries 442.02
" Printing Annual Reports. Circulars and Blanks . . . 515. .59
" Postage, Hev. Stamps, Telegrams, Stationery and Expressage, 210.10
" Printing, Filling out and Delivering Life Members' Certificates, 38.50
" Office expenses, repairs, etc. 66.99
" Advertising and subscriptions for papers .... 11.55
" Legal fees 4.25
Balance in Treasury May, 1871, ....
$41,334.36
1,841.00
2,923.50
2,620.25
850.00
500.00
1,760.00
933.85
200.00
$52,962.96
406.93
9,995.00
2,705.18
$66,070.07
Amount of appropriations pledged to 24 churches .... $10,050.00
Amount pledged to churches in excess of balance in treasury . . 7,344.82
Examined and found correct.
James B. Elwell
DwiGHT Johnson
:i
Auditing
Committee.
Mat 11, 1871.
James R. Osg-ood & Co.'s Lnto Publications,
TEN GKEAT RELKaON^. By Kiv.
,7ames Freeman C'i.akke. 1 vol. 12rno.
$3.00.
"Olio t'fi'ect of the roigii ol Kciouce and tbn
neai-di for hiw is, that the votiuics Uioreof test
Oliristianity by the facts of human nature and
tlie history of tlie world, rather llian by its in-
ternal evidence and ailviiowledged claims. This
process, liowevcr inucli it may anniliilate the
superKtitions, rnalies more clear and emphatic
tlie spiritual element. No Iiiaher service can be
rendered, in this age, to faitli ; and whatever
contributes tliereto fhould be cordially welcomed.
It is on this ground, as well as for the curious
ititerest and condeiised information, in the very
attractive-looking volume, that intelligent read-
ers of all sects will hail the appearance of James
Freeman Clarke's 'Great Religions,' just pub-
H.'^hed by J. K. Osgood & Co. 'i'lie manner in
which tiie essential facts ai d actual oiigin and
influence of the prevailing popular beliefs of the
world are narrated, the authoritative citations
whereby they are illustrated, the concise state
inent and the very readable result of careful
research, — all combine to give a standard value,
as well as immediate interest to the. work.
Such an historic survey was much needed as a
reference in current scientific and religious dis-
cusfinns. ]« was very desirable that the task
should be undertaken by a candid and humane
scholar, like the author of this valuable and in-
teresiing epitome and elucidation of historic
religion.'' — H. T. Tdckerman.
AI>FRED THE GREAT. By Thomas
Hlghes. 1 vol. l:Zmo. $1.50.
"Anglo-Saxon superiority is more than ever
recognized of late, as contrasted with the igno-
rant savagery which has disgraced the pending
civil war in France. English w liters are fond
of tracing it to the balance of power distributed
in their governmental scheme, wliirh secures so
many pop'ular rights and insures so much free-
dom. But it must, in the last analysis, be
ascribed to qualities of race more than to fortu-
nate political circumstances, or rather the latter
can be justly referred to the former. Going
hack through the ages to the remote typical
character which best represents the prime
qualities of Ei glish nice and rule, we find King
Alfred, — always a noble figure in the far back
ground of history, but one vaguely visible. It is
highly approjiriate that the man who owes his
literary pojjularity to the genial way in which
he lias painted English boyhood at school, and
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bring in\o new relief and fiesli recognition the
tirst of English kings. A delightful historic
study, a refreshing regal example, an iu.'piring
human precedent is Alfred the Great as deli-
neated, with frank and iiiai.ly sympathy, by
Thom.is Hughes. As a biegraphical study it
will charm both young and old; and a more
seasonable manifestation of the purj; in heroism
and the wise and honest in rule, could not have
been chosen to renew our highest ideal of both."
— PiosUm Tninscript.
THE .lOURNAI. OF JOHN WOOL-
MAN. With an Introduction by John G.
WiiiTTiER. 1 vol. 16mo. Uniform with
Merrliwick Edition of Whilticr's Poems and
Prose. $1.50.
'' This new edition of the journal of one of the
most unselfi.'h, simple, pnrc-soulcd, earnest men
who ever lived, will be warmly welcomed, espe-
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cause of Abolition, which he labored so zealously
to adviince. His wriiir.irs. which in Iheda^sof
their tirst publication altiacted but little atten-
tion, are now appraised at something nearer
their true value. They are perceiveil to be the
throbbing of a rare and beautiful nature, aglow
with love, brimming over with tenderness, yet
keenly alive to injustice, and the record of enrn-
est labor in the cause of truth and liberty. But
so modest was their anthor, that many events in
which he was an actor are omitted. The more
impoitaiit of these are su|iplied in Mr. Whittier's
liiiioduclion, in which he briefly sketi hes tie
position of the slavery question when John
Woolman's attention was first drawn to it. and
the etl'ect of his warfare agninst the s> stem in
the Society of Friends. Mr. Whitiier also
brings togettier sorr.e choice e.vtracts from writ-
ings which he did not think it ex|)edient to give
in their entirety, and some appreciative remarks
upon the man and his labois from eminent men.
The volume closes with one of the last written
and longest of his papers, ' A Word of Ki mein-
braiice and Caution to the Rich.''' — I'liiUidcl-
phia Jnijuirer.
LITERATURE AND LIFE. By E. V.
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"There are middle-aged men who may have
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in the voltme before us, the s;ime freshness as
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Among other topics, the present series includes
a lecture on 'Charles Liickens,' prefaced by a
general review of the growth and progress of
novel writing; another on 'Wit and Humor';
a third on ' Intellectual Health and Disease,' and
a paper on the 'Use and Abui-e of Words,'
which may be perused with even more profit to-
day than at the slightly less wordy epoch when
it was written. The peculiar charm of Whip-
])le's crilicisra consists in the mass of illustrative
matter drawn from an exceedingly wide course
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is impossible to rise from the perusal of these
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'J'iniis.
OUR EYES AND HOW TO TAKE
C.\RE OF THEM. By Henrv W.
Williams, M. D. 1 vol. lOino. $1.00.
" Dr. Williams, of Boston, is one of the most
distinguished and succes>ful oculists of the day.
In the midst, however, of his extensive jnactice,
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essential service by his scientific treatises. The
little volume before us is written to guard the
public against contracting diseases of the eye,
rallies than to discuss modes of cure. lie says
his purpose was ' to explain to parents, teachers
and others, and all who have occasion to use
their eyes, in the simplest language possible,
some of the advances which have recently been
made in our knowledge of the eye, its powers, and
its proper uses; and to show what should be
done and what to be avoided, that the slight, the
most important of our senses, may be enjoyed
and preserved.' " — yeiu Bedford Mercury.
leSg^ For sale by all Booksellers.
Bent, post-paid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers.
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Late Ticknor c} Fields, and Fields, Oxgood if Co.
LEE & SHEPARD'S New Books
" A I'leafor the better Treatment of tlw Insane."
Beliiud the Bars. 16mo. Cloth. $2.00.
"Ordinarily those who have h.nd the misfor-
tune to become inmates ot retreats for the in-
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season of restraint with reluctance, or not at all.
Few of these discharged cured would be willing
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and willing. In this consists the peculiar merit |
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WAIT FOU THE VERY BEST!
RE.\DV, AUGUST 1, 1871.
Tlie Sncretl tro^vn : A Collection of New
llymn Tunes, Anthems, Sentences, Motets
and Chants, for Public and Private W'orbli'p.
By I>. F, HODOEs, ihe well-known Author
and Conductor, Associate Editor of the very
successful work, '•Jubilmit Voices"; and
C. ^'. Ko.sTER. one of our most popular New
England teachers.
" 3fiw>ificenl Worl-.i."— T'trff Christine Nilsson.
Mad. SOPHIE SCHWARTZ'S New Novel,
TUe Wife of a Vain Man. Translated by
Miss 8ELMA BORG and Miss Marie A.
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" Tlie novi'ls of M.idame !»chwariz are among
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BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
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and Ihe i/<'iit>iicmi-nt of which wifl perhaps sur-
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•' A rhjoronx (oriter anil lieep thinker."
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'• c5ofi wordo, smooth piophecies, are doubtless
well ;
Rut to rei.uke the age's popular crime.
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'•To iniintain their place, and to be leaderf^
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ual training, and by stndyinjr. pray:iig, thinking,
by close si-lt'-denying labor, thnt .tomelimes si es
the stars grow pale, to obiai'i a deep and broad
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TO liKOIV AM. .ABOI'T ETKOPE.
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Especial attention has been givett to Mr. Lincoln,
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the book forms an cntirlaining and useful man-
ual. It the reader could renieinber its contents,
he would be well-informed as to the entire h)»-
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on, 8vo. Paper, *!. 00;
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Vol. Xril. No. 4.— Whole No. 52. Second Series.— Vol. III. No. 4.
THE
CongngationHl ^itarterlm
OCTOBER, 1871.
Editors and Proprietors :
ALONZO II. QUIXT, CHRISTOPHER GUSHING,
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHV, SAMUEL BURNHAM.
BOSTON:
CONGREGATIONAL ROOMS,
40 WINTER STREET.
187I.
Terms : Two Dollars a Year in Advance.
CONDUCTED UNDER THE SANCTION OF THE
gimtman Congregational Association anb t^t ^ntfritan Congngational ^nioir.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
William Carter. By Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, d. d., Jacksonville, 111. . . 497
The Revision of the English Bible. By Rev. James H. Means, Boston,
Dorchester District 514
Superior Toleration of the Plymouth Men 531
First Church in West Springfield. By Rev. Henry M. Grout, Boston . 532
Lessons on Population, Suggested by Grecian and Roman History.
By Nathan Allen, M. D., Lowell 537
Revivals, How Discerned and Promoted. By Rev. J. E. Twitchell, East
Cleveland, Ohio '551
Catalogue of Andover Theological Seminary. 1810 .... 562
The State, and Religion in its Schools. By Rev. Kinsley Twining,
Cambridge 565
Congregational Necrology 593-600
Hiram Bingham, 593. — Mary Carter Clark, 596. — Allen Hazen, 598. —
Mary Gushing Rand, 599.
Literary Review 601
Editors' Table 617
Congregational Quarterly Record
Churches Formed, 618. — Ministers Ordained, 618. — Ministers Installed,
618. — Ministers Dismissed, 619. — Ministers Deceased, 620. — Minis-
ters' Wives Deceased, 620.
American Congregational Association 621
American Congregational Union 622
Index ok Names 623
Printed by Alfred Mudge & Son, 34 School Street, Bostont
-.^I^^&m mf*-
\'
■^agfbyA.Hiiitct)i^
rh~^
THE
Congregational Quarterly.
Whole No. LII. OCTOBER, 1871. Vol. XIII. No. 4.
WILLIAM CARTER.
Every people that has ever attained to greatness has cher-
ished from its very infancy a great purpose, and confidently
anticipated the attainment of a great destiny. This purpose
and corresponding high anticipation of the future have been
transmitted from father to son through successive generations ;
it has quickened and directed the activity of the people, and
formed its character.
No better illustration can be selected of the truth of this
than the early history of the religious fathers of New England.
One of their reasons for being dissatisfied with their adopted
home in Holland, notwithstanding the religious liberty they
there enjoyed, was, that their church had there no field for
expansion and no hope of growth. They longed to extend the
area of English freedom, in which they had even then a lively
faith, notwithstanding the violence and injustice with which
they had been treated. They earnestly desired to plant the
church of Christ, as they understood it, and to sow the good
seed of the kingdom where there was an open field for its
growth and productiveness. No sooner were they firmly
settled in the wilds of America, than they were fired with zeal
to take possession of this good land in the name of the Lord,
and to found on this continent a vast empire of Christian
freedom.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by Samuel Burnham, for the Proprietors
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. Ill, NO. 4. 33
498 William Carter. [Oct.
It is among the most vivid memories of every man of New-
England birth and training, that, in his childhood, to no
appeal to the popular heart was there a more ready and ear-
nest response than in behalf of the propagation of the Gospel '
in the new settlements. Already, in the early life of the most
venerable men among us, was the purpose and expectation of
peopling North America by men of our language, our freedom,
and our religion, as distinctly formed in every New-England
heart, as the purpose to conquer the world was, of old, in the
heart of the Roman. It called forth the most fervent prayers of
devout men and women, and inspired the warmest enthusiasm
of children and youth.
It is interesting and profitable at this day to trace the lines
along which that purpose has acted in its efforts to penetrate
and pervade a continent, by reviewing the lives of the men
who have been in an eminent degree the active agents of our
churches and people in carrying this great purpose into exe-
cution.
Such were the men who, in their several generations, for-
sook the friends and homes of their childhood and youth, for
the purpose of planting the church of Christ along our ever-
receding frontier. It is fit that their lives should be recorded
while they are yet fresh in our recollections, that their memo-
ries may not perish.
Such a man was William Carter, the subject of this memo-
rial sketch. He was born at New Canaan, Conn., December
31, 1803. His parents were Ebenezer and Rhoda (Weed)
Carter, both of whom descended from a New-England ancestry,
and were warmly attached to the faith and religious order of
their fathers. They were very fair specimens of New-England
life and character as these existed at the close of the last cen-
tury, while as yet they were unmodified by the new and various
influences to which the people of New England have since been
subjected. They were moderate and frugal in their expenses,
industrious in their habits, and devoted to the rearing and
training of a large family of children for usefulness to their
country and the church of God. Idleness was unknown in
their dwelling. Their children were either at school, availing
themselves of such advantages as the Connecticut district
1 8/ 1.] William Carter. 499
school then afforded, or taking such part in the labors of the
farm and the household as their strength was adequate to. No
child of that day could be brought up by New-England parents
either in ignorance or idleness. What advantages were afforded
by the Connecticut common school at that time, may be judged
from the fact, that it was not easy to find one, who, having
enjoyed those advantages, could not read intelligently, spell
correctly, and write the English language with a reasonable
degree of grammatical accuracy. And the young men who,
after having passed through the common school, entered upon
a course of classical study, did so under the great advantage of
having already laid a foundation of good, substantial, English
education.
In this manner, Mr. Carter passed his childhood and youth
till his sixteenth year, when his father sent him to the acad-
emy in his native town, to prepare for college. This is a
fact very characteristic of New-England life. Society has al-
ways been there eminently democratic. The wealthy families
have never had any monopoly of the learned professions. The
ranks of professional life have constantly been recruited from
the farms and the workshops. Young Carter's father desired
to educate him for the medical profession ; he himself desired to
be a lawyer, though, as he says in a sketch of his life which he
drew up shortly before his death, he was willing to comply with
his father's wishes, rather than remain upon the farm. His
mother wished and earnestly prayed that he might be a minister
of Christ. For this he felt he was not prepared ; for he was not
at heart a Christian. He devoted himself assiduously and suc-
cessfully to his studies, and was in due time prepared to enter
college. But unexpected obstacles interposed ; his father, by
giving his name for another, was involved in pecuniary embar-
rassment and unable to assist him. He was therefore detained
some two years from prosecuting his studies, and was engaged
in teaching, and for the most part was compelled to rely on
his own efforts for support while in college.
When, after this delay, in 1824 he entered Yale College, he
had still no personal Christian experience. Religious impres-
sions had been made upon his mind, convictions of his lost and
guilty state had been experienced, and in his twelfth year he
500 William Carter. [Oct.
hoped he had been born of the Spirit. But no one except his
mother regarded and treated him as a Christian, and he, after
a time, ceased to live a rehgious Hfe. Thus he passed the first
two years of his college course and entered upon the third. Then
it pleased God to send to Yale College one of those seasons of
religious revival with which, in common with many other Amer-
ican colleges, it has so often been blessed, and young Carter
began a new life. He says of himself: "In 1827, my junior
year in college, I was led, I trust, to a full and final consecra-
tion of myself to Christ." Up to this time he had retained his
cherished longing for the profession of law; but, to use his own
language, " It then seemed to me that I could not be a lawyer
and such a Christian as I wanted to be. I promised the Lord
I would be anything he would have me to be, — a minister, if
it was his will, and he would open the way for me. The result
was that I saw no other way open." In reference to this great
event, more need not be said. It was the beginning of a new.
life, which death itself, we are assured, has not terminated, but
only transferred to a new and higher sphere.
To God only are fully known the blessed results of that
revival in Yale College. William Carter's conversion was only
one among many of its blessed fruits. He had a friend and
classmate, Edwin Stevens, — they had been associated in
their studies preparatory to college. He, too, was full of
worldly ambition, and, withal, not a little sceptical as to the
truth of the Christian religion. But God had mercy on him
also, in this blessed revival. He was led to see himself a
sinner, and seek the mercy of God at the cross of Christ, and
in his case the result was, that he entered the ministry and
went as a missionary to China, and many years ago went up
from that missionary field to his blessed reward.
Immediately after Mr. Carter's graduation in 1828, he was
employed as a teacher in the Hartford grammar school. His
scholarship in college was such as to secure for him one of
the high honors of his class, and the fact of his obtaining such
a position as that tendered him at Hartford immediately on
his graduation, is a proof not merely of his scholarly traits, but
also of the high estimation in which his character was held.
I am informed from trustworthy sources that his life in his
1 8/ 1.] William Cmter. 501
new position at Hartford was marked by great thoroughness
as a teacher, and very exemplary fideUty as a Christian, in
caring for the spiritual welfare of his pupils.
But his stay in Hartford was destined to be short. After
remaining in that position a year and two terms, he was called
from it to one of still higher responsibility, that of tutor in
Yale College. In this position he remained a little more
than three years, discharging his duties with the same fidelity
as at Hartford, and at the same time pursuing his studies for
the Christian ministry in the theological department of the
college.
Mr. Carter entered the theological school in 1830. Two
years earlier an event occurred in that institution which was
not only of great importance to the young men who were more
immediately concerned in .it, but has unquestionably exerted
great influence on the whole State of Illinois, from the lake
to the mouth of the Ohio, and on that whole group of great
States known hitherto as the Northwest. It gives me sincere
pleasure to bear testimony to the self-sacrificing and unworldly
spirit which prevailed among the theological students of Yale
at that time. Nowhere could there have been found a more
fervent interest in those enterprises which were then just
coming into efficient activity for the evangelization of our
rapidly-extending new settlements, than in the praying circles
which used to be held in those theological rooms. As a re-
sult of this, several young men, some of them of high promise
as to talent and general ability, resolved to devote their lives
to the missionary work in some portion of the Mississippi val-
ley, and formed themselves into an association with that end
in view. After much correspondence and inquiry, they had
chosen the then infant State of Illinois as the field of their
future lives and labors.
Prominent among the plans of this association was the
founding of Illinois College, at Jacksonville, of which the mem-
bers of the association were to be friends, guardians, and, such
of them as should be selected, trustees, while they devoted
themselves to their missionary work in their several fields in
the region around it.
With this association Mr. Carter connected himself, and
502 William Carter. [Oct.
thus took his share in the self-denying Hfe-work which its con-
stitution imposed on its members. If any one asks why a
young man of his talents and acquirements, to whom such
places were open as he had already filled with acceptance,
should take such a step, there is but one answer, — the love of
Christ constrained him. Had it been his intention to spend
his life in the gratification of his tastes and in the pursuit of
his youthful ambitions, he would not have renounced the legal
profession. His wish was to live for Christ, and to go and do
such work for Him, however difficult and self-denying, as would
be likely to remain undone unless he did it.
In the fall of 1833, having completed his studies for the
ministry, he resigned the tutorship for the purpose of entering
on the missionary work to which he had devoted his life. He
was married in the fall of that year to Elizabeth Bell, of Darien,
Conn., the loving and faithful companion of his life, who
accompanied, sustained, and cheered him in all his ourney,
and survives in a solitary widowhood to mourn his death.
A few weeks after his arrival in Illinois, Mr. Carter, not then
an ordained minister, was invited, in connection with the writer
of this article, to assist in organizing the Congregational church
of Jacksonville. This was the third Congregational organiza-
tion in the State, those of Ouincy and Mendon having a little
the priority, though both dating from the same year. No one
can well now judge of the boldness, one might almost say the
audacity, of this step. To the best of my knowledge, there was
not, on the first day of January, 1833, any Congregational church
farther west than northeastern Ohio ; and the state of opinion
existing on the subject, both West and East, was not such as
to justify the expectation that one would ever be formed. In
New England the prevailing sentiment was that it was better
that an emigrant on crossing the Hudson should consider him-
self identified with the Presbyterian church. In the West, the
claim was resolutely made that Congregationalists had no right
to organize churches here; that this was Presbyterian ground
forever, rendered such by the celebrated " Plan of Union."
Directly in the face of these prejudices, the Congregational
church of Jacksonville was organized, of about thirty members,
who found themselves unalterably attached, not only to the
1 8/ 1.] William Carter, 503
faith, but to the order of their fathers ; and the result shows
that they were not long to remain alone in this attachment, or
in organizing churches in accordance with their tastes and
convictions.
Of this infant church Mr. Carter soon became the pastor.
This office he held for about four years, performing its duties
with a zeal, ability, and success which are still remembered by
the older members of the church with grateful affection. Dur-
ing those four years, the membership of the church was
increased to about one hundred, largely by the addition of
those who were won to Christ under his ministry.
In the fall of 1838, he resigned his charge at Jacksonville.
He was not brought to this step by any alienation of his peo-
ple ; but partly by a conviction in his own mind, that there
were too many churches in Jacksonville, and that he could be
more useful where there was more real destitution of Christian
privileges than here ; and partly by the fact that Christian
people, both in the Congregational and Presbyterian churches,
felt that the two churches ought to be united, and had more
than once tried to secure such a union on some basis of com-
promise between the two systems of government. All such
efforts, as might have been foreseen, finally came to nothing ;
but they rendered the pastor insecure in his position, and un-
certain of the future, and for the time being weakened the
Congregational church.
His next field of labor was Pittsfield, Pike Co., Ill, where he
spent the remainder of his days, in labors abundant, in trials
and conflicts many and various, and in successes of which
there are many living witnesses, and many among the glorified
ones who have entered the celestial city. For those whose
experience has made them familiar with the first beginnings of
towns in central and southern Illinois, it is unnecessary to
give any description of the field of labor upon which he entered,
when he commenced his work in that town ; to convey any
just idea of it to those who have not such an experience, I fear
is impossible. Conceive of a small village, containing a few
hundred people, drawn together by the fact that that spot had
been designated as the county town, without wealth, with no
homes but such as had been hastily and rudely built within a
504 William Carter. [Oct.
few months, or at most a very few years, to meet their present
necessities, without schools, or any public school system in
accordance with which they could be founded ; the population,
though so few and feeble in resources, divided into several dif-
ferent religious sects, and generally adhering with great tenac-
ity to their sectarian preferences, or, still worse, feeling little
interest in any religion ; the large majority of Southern origin,
having those intense prejudices which slavery had been
already for generations nourishing in the Southern heart, and
prepared to regard any Northern man with suspicion ; among
them a considerable number of lawyers and politicians who had
been attracted thither by the hope of achieving eminence
through the law and politics, among whom were, indeed, some
worthy citizens, but not a very few who had all the usual vices
of the selfish, ignorant, and yet cunning demagogue. Conceive,
if you can, of such a village, and you will not be far from a true
conception of Pittsfield, and of nearly every village in all that
region, as it was in its origin. Mr. Carter had left the
churches and schools and settled order of a New-England
home, to lay the foundation of the church of Christ, and of a
Christian social order, in such a community as this. That it
tried his faith and patience to the utmost, and made him feel
his need of more than earthly wisdom, may well be believed.
That he ever regretted his choice of a field of labor, I have no
evidence.
Of the Congregational church in Pittsfield he was ever re-
garded as the father. When he commenced his labors with that
church, it was Presbyterian in its organization, and in full con-
nection with the General Assembly. In accordance with the
wishes of the pastor and a large majority of the members, its
connection with the Presbyterian church was severed, and a
Congregational organization was adopted. This change was
effected quietly and without a conflict, and it is believed con-
tributed greatly to the subsequent prosperity of the church.
He became the pastor of the church shortly after its organi-
zation, and held that office for more than twenty-seven years.
In the course of his pastorate about four hundred and thirty
members were added to the church.
During the first nine years of his work in Pittsfield, he also
187 1.] William Carter. 505
had charge of the Congregational church at Summer Hill and
Rockport, and saw that church increase under his ministry
from about a dozen to one hundred members.
Some three years before his death, he resigned the pastoral
charge of the Pittsfield church, and never afterwards sustained
the pastoral office ; though during these closing years of his
life he never intermitted his labors in the ministry except when
failing health disqualified him to perform them. He continued
to reside at Pittsfield, and was employed in various missionary
efforts in the region around : sometimes in supplying destitute
churches, but the greater portion of the time as a Sunday-
school missionary. In this last work he was greatly interested
and eminently successful.
In his own sketch of his life already referred to, he thus sums
up results. " During my ministry I have been permitted to
receive to membership in the church more than six hundred
persons, by far the larger portion of them on profession of their
faith. I feel that I have been an unprofitable servant. And
yet I feel thankful that I have been able to see even so much
fruit of my labor. From the first, I think it has been my con-
trolling desire and prayer and labor, to gather souls into the
kingdom of Christ." Of the truth of this last statement no one
who has been intimately acquainted with his history has any
doubt. I have the same evidence that William Carter lived to
gather souis into the kingdom of Christ, that I have that the
covetous man lives to make money.
In a letter addressed to the writer shortly before his death,
he says : " I became early interested in the enterprise in which
you, from the first, had a leading part, and to which you have
devoted your life ; and, in the fall of 1833, I came to IlHnois as
a friend of Illinois College." Of the truth of this he has given
abundant proof in a ministerial life among us, extending through
a period of more than thirty-six years. In common with all
the brethren who were associated with him in the great mis-
sionary enterprise, he was profoundly convinced that the
churches must lay broad and deep the foundations of learn-
ing, — not of mere secular learning, but of Christian learning,
and he adhered to that conviction through all his life. About
$o6 William Carter. [Oct
twenty years before his death, he was called to a seat in the
Board of Trust, in the institution, and only resigned that posi-
tion in obedience to that call which sunders all earthly rela-
tions. How much is implied in the performance of the duties
of this trust, with such fidelity as we could always depend upon
in him, is not known to all, perhaps not to many. The ser-
vices rendered to Illinois College by its trustees, have, through
all its history, not only been quite gratuitous, but at their own
charges. He could not have performed that service more
faithfully or efficiently had he been in receipt of such compen-
sation as our state or national government is accustomed very
properly to make to those who perform services no more deli-
cate or responsible. The whole amount of direct donations
which he made to the college, in defraying his own expenses,
in attending the meetings of its trustees, would be no mean
benefaction to the cause of learning, especially when it is re-
membered that the sum must have been saved from the slen-
der salary which the infant churches to which he ministered
were able to pay him. If our Lord was just in his commen-
dation of the superior generosity of the poor widow that cast
her two mites into the treasury, then surely the missionary
trustees of Illinois College are to be ranked among the most
liberal benefactors of the cause of learning in our times.
To the value of his services as a trustee, I rejoice to bear my
testimony. Though firm and independent in his own opinion,
he was candid and open to conviction : he was sound in judg-
ment, and therefore a safe and trustworthy adviser. As a
patient, persevering friend of the institution in all its trials,
difficulties, and conflicts, he had few equals and no superiors.
That we shall no more hear his voice in our deliberations, or
be guided by his wisdom, or strengthened by his words of
sympathy and encouragement, fills our hearts with sadness.
His services to the cause of Christian learning in the North-
west were not limited to Illinois College. He was for several
years a member of the Board of Directors of the Chicago
Theological Seminary, punctual in his attendance on its meet-
ings, and deeply interested in the success of that important
institution. During the last years of his life, he found the
1 8/ 1.] William Carter. 507
burden of attending the meetings of the board inconvenient
to him, and at his own request he was excused from further
service in that capacity.
Mr. Carter was one of the fathers of the General Associa-
tion of IlHnois. In the year 1844, he, with eight other ministers
and five delegates from churches, organized that body, with a
keen sense of their fewness and feebleness, but with strong,
and, it seems, well-founded faith of a brighter future. There
were then in the State but two District Associations, and less
than three thousand church members. He lived after that event
a little more than a quarter of a century ; and yet the last Gen-
eral Association which he attended, and of which he was the
preacher, ranked among the most dignified and influential of
our annual Congregational gatherings.
Such is an outline of the leading facts and events of Mr.
Carter's life. More than an outline will not be looked for in
this memorial. It remains that I sketch, as well as I am able,
some of the more prominent and striking traits of his charac-
ter. What strikes us most forcibly in this hasty review of his
history is, that he was no dreaming theorist, but eminently a
practical man. We see this in his own account of his conver-
sion. He saw at a glance the sharp and definite issue which
the Gospel presents to every man to whom it is addressed. He
saw that the question was not one of speculation, but of prac-
tice ; would he live for the world, or live for Christ ^ And his
whole heart was in the purpose to forsake the world, and turn
to God. It was consciously to him the final and unchangeable
decision of the great practical question, not only of his earthly
but of his immortal life.
The same practical character of his mind was apparent in
his determination to devote himself to the missionary work in
a new and then uncultivated State. There was to him no ro-
mance in it, but simply a great practical work to be done, and
somebody must do it. Those new States would soon be filled
with thronging millions, and without the church and the gospel
of Christ, those millions would perish. Who, then, if not he,
should follow those millions into the wilderness, and sow the
good seed of the kingdom .-' The worldly advantages or disad-
vantages of such a life were not to be thought of; for it was
508 William Carter. [Oct.
not for these, but for the kingdom of Christ, that he was to
live.
He was most eminently a practical preacher and pastor. He
saw very clearly the practical issue between the Gospel and
every sinner, and he was earnest, skilful, and successful in
urging it upon the attention of men, and in bringing them to a
right decision. He was a practical man in his choice of themes
for the pulpit. He was not deficient as a doctrinal preacher.
He presented the doctrines of the cross clearly, earnestly, and
abundantly ; but he presented them always in their practical,
and not in their theoretical and scientific relations. He was
neither ignorant of the theology of the schools, nor uninterested
in it ; but the design of preaching he considered to be prac-
tical, and, therefore, he used the doctrines of the Gospel in the
pulpit as instruments of persuasion, that he might win men to
Christ. He handled freely and earnestly, in his public minis-
try, those great moral questions which have most deeply agi-
tated society in our day, and shaken it to its very foundations.
On such questions as temperance and slavery, he always spoke
with freedom and earnestness, but with such moderation of
temper, such wisdom of utterance, and such power of argu-
ment, as to secure the approbation of good men, and ultimately
to disarm opposition.
To the close of his life he was a diligent student. But his
studies were not directed by any ambition of literary reputa-
tion. In his studies he was still the same practical man as in
his preaching and in his life. He read and studied that he
might be a wise and successful minister of Christ, with just
discrimination rebuking sin in high places and in low places,
and seeking to find out the most successful means of confirm-
ing the faith of the doubting, and answering the cavils of un-
belief He preached to men's understandings and their con-
sciences, and this he could not do without being himself a
student and a thinker.
Directly in this practical line, he became quite early in his
ministry interested in the study of prophecy : first, as a source
of unanswerable argument to prove the divine inspiration of
the Scriptures ; and then as a valuable guide to the church of
1 87 1.] William Carter. 509
Christ in her voyage over the unknown seas she must navigate.
It is a matter of regret to many of his friends that he did not
give the results of his thinking fon this subject to the press.
His last appearance before the public, on any occasion of much
prominence, was in a sermon preached by appointment before
the General Association of Illinois, in May, 1870. His subject
was prophecy. The discourse excited much more than ordi-
nary interest.
He was powerful in argument. His discourses were emi-
nently logical. In all his relations to the people of his charge,
and to the world at large, he stood upon his reasons. He
expected his religious opinions to be received only so far
as he was able to defend them by unanswerable and convincing
argument. He did not confine the use of his well-known
powers as a debater to the pulpit. If in his judgment the
interests of truth and righteousness required it, he did not hesi-
tate to meet any antagonist who might present himself through
the village newspaper ; and there was a high probability that
any one who provoked him to such a conflict, either for truth
or righteousness, would come off a wiser, though perhaps not
immediately a happier man. He was not pugnacious ; he had
no love of controversy ; he was impelled, whenever he engaged
in it, by the love of truth, and nothing else. As a controver-
sialist, he was free from all personal bitterness. If he some-
times gave hard blows, they were always aimed at falsehood
and wrong, and not personally at his antagonist.
He believed in "revivals of religion," and made earnest
efforts to promote them in his own congregation. It was in
seasons like these that his abundant labors were eminently
successful in winning men to Christ. It was also largely in
connection with such seasons that he brought into the service
of his Master his musical talents, which were of a high order,
and which he had diligently cultivated. By means of his
powerful and well-trained voice, he was able to give effective
utterance to the rich treasures of evangelical sentiment which
are garnered up in the sacred poetry of our language. It is a
gift which every one who possesses, or is able to acquire, should
diligently cultivate.
510 William Carter. [Oct.
In his private life, he was eminently social, amiable, and
genial. By this trait in his character he won the good-will
and kindly esteem of all who knew him, — even of those whose
principles and lives were rebuked by the faithful earnestness
of his preaching.
He was no sectarian, but eminently fraternal and catholic in
his spirit. He adhered with sincere attachment to the Con-
gregational theory of the church, not, however, in an exclusive,
but in a comprehensive spirit. He accepted it not only as in
general conformed to apostolic example, but as the only form
of church order which ever can be comprehensive, — in which
all that belong to Christ can lay aside their differences about
forms and ceremonies and governments of man's invention,
and unite only in the Gospel, the whole Gospel, and nothing
but the Gospel, The church at Pittsfield, largely gathered
under his ministry, is a conglomerate, composed of persons
educated in various Christian denominations, but consenting to
lay aside their unimportant differences for the sake of union
in Christian fellowship and effort. Such a union is not
brought about by compromising any Christian truth, but by
consenting to relinquish our hold on those ceremonies and
governments which man has added to the word of God, — by
loving the Gospel more, and man's inventions less. It is this
catholic spirit, of which William Carter was an eminent speci-
men, which has done more to multiply Congregational churches
in the valley of the Mississippi than all other causes combined.
Mr. Carter was a Congregationalist, because he could not
endure the narrow denominational spirit ; because he could
neither wear himself, or impose on others, any yoke which the
Master hath not imposed. This is the spirit of Western Con-
gregationalism. While it adheres to this spirit it will grow and
prosper ; in any other spirit it will become the smallest and
weakest of sects.
In the true Christian sense, he was eminently a self-sacrifi-
cing man. The foregoing sketch clearly shows that even in his
youth he knew where his power lay. He was conscious of
possessing talents which would have secured him eminence at
the bar. And that almost resistless power of argument which
1 8/ 1.] William Carter. 51 1
he exhibited throughout his life shows that he was quite right
in his estimate of himself. Yet this great talent he deliber-
ately and consciously laid at the feet of his Saviour, and resolved
not to use it for his own worldly aggrandizement, but to win
souls to the kingdom of Christ, This was true Christian self-
sacrifice. Having made the offering, he never took it back, but
was ever willing that the divine Master should use it as he
would, whatever consequences, so far as this world was con-
cerned, should come to himself personally. He thought he heard
the voice of God calling him away from his childhood home,
from the churches and schools and colleges of New England, to
a distant, wild, untrodden field, to lay foundations of other
churches and colleges on the borders of the wilderness. He
obeyed the call, and, like Abraham of old, went out, not knowing
whither he went. He obeyed, and took up the work he found
ready for him in that new and distant field, without ever hav-
ing offered his talents in any other market. His inquiry was,
where his work was to be found, and not what worldly compen-
sation he could get for doing it. This is Christian self-sacrifice.
This was the life of William Carter, and of many other Chris-
tian ministers who have spent their lives in laying Christian
foundations in " the regions beyond." They may not have
acquired fame in this world ; they did not seek it ; their record
is on high.
In Mr. Carter's life there is one noble example which the
men of this age have much need to study and imitate. It is
eminently the vice of the age to combine insatiable avarice
with unbounded prodigality ; he knew how to combine a strict
frugality with a generous liberality. His style of living was
plain and simple, corresponding to the slender stipend he
received. But in that frugal home there was always not only
comfort and plenty, but a generous and welcome hospitality.
No weary, way-worn fellow-laborer ever called at his door with-
out finding welcome and refreshment. According to his means,
he practised a generous liberality in all the relations of life, and
united his contributions with those of the great Christian host, to
swell the stream of Christian effort for the evangelization of the
world. The success of his life in this particular was owing
partly to his own clear head and generous heart, and partly to
512 William Carter. [Oct.
the life-long care, watchfulness, and sound judgment of his faith-
ful wife. Young ministers who in this respect would imitate
him, must not only be wise men themselves, but they must
seek out and find for the companions of their lives, self-gov-
erned, self-sacrificing, discreet, and industrious women. I am
far from thinking that this variety of the species woman is yet
extinct.
Mr. Carter had no death-bed experience ; or, rather, his life
for many months before his death was a death-bed experience.
He had for several months been aware of symptoms indicative
of a disease of the heart, which must before many years termi-
nate his life, and which might at any time terminate it without
any warning. Fully aware that such was his condition, he had
made every arrangement for his departure, as if on a journey.
He continued his labors whenever he was able to perform
them ; but he held himself at all times ready for his departure.
His cheerfulness was not impaired ; he spoke of his death as
near with the utmost composure and cheerfulness, and with the
fullest assurance of Christian faith and hope. Several months
before his death he requested me to preach his funeral sermon,
if I survived him ; and the sketch of his life, which I have re-
ferred to in this memorial, was prepared by him at my request
in anticipation of that occasion.
For several weeks immediately preceding his death, he had
been suffering from a cold, and unable to preach, though he
was not confined to his house, but took his daily walks as
usual. On the last morning of his life, he arose from his bed
as usual, and dressed, but felt more unwell, and did not take
his customary walk to the post-office. His wife finding him
so much unwell, determined not to leave him alone. But she
was under a necessity of leaving his room for a few moments.
When she returned, she found him in a dying condition. He
never spoke again ; in a few moments his spirit had departed ;
he had done with earth. This was the death he anticipated
for himself, and desired. His death occurred on Thursday,
February 9, 1871, shortly after his entrance upon his sixty-
ninth year.
His funeral was attended at the Congregational church in
Pittsfield, Sabbath forenoon, February 12. I performed the
1 8/ 1.] William Carter. 513
solemn duty which he had imposed upon me of preaching his
funeral sermon. A great multitude of people filled the church
and crowded around it. to pay the last tribute of respect and
affection to a loved and venerated man. When, at the close
of the services opportunity was given to view once more his
features, which were not distorted by any death struggle, but
tranquil as in sleep, hundreds availed themselves of the oppor-
tunity to look once more on that good man's face, before the
coffin and the grave should hide it from human view. There
was no distinction of sects or parties or classes there; all were
eager to do honor to departed worth.
In life, health, and prosperity, humble, self-sacrificing piety is
often treated with cold neglect. But around the coffin and the
grave of departed goodness, men come to their senses and show
an affectionate reverence which they never exhibit around the
death scene of a prosperous worldling. It is a great privilege
to attend the funeral of an aged minister of Christ, who has
faithfully done his Master's work from youth to gray hairs, till
God has called him away. On such an occasion you will see
in what estimation men hold, in their heart of hearts, fidelity
to the Gospel of Christ.
J. M. Sturtevant.
Jacksonville, III.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 4.
514 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
THE REVISION OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE.
Two hundred and sixty years have gone by since our autho-
rized version of the Bible was made by command of King
James. Recently the question has been discussed, especially
in England, whether there is not need, not of a new version,
but of a revision of the old. All the eminent scholars who
favor this are agreed that the changes should be as few as pos-
sible, and made in the most conservative spirit, so as to pre-
serve the style and tone, and even rhythm, of that translation
which we so deeply revere, and the very words of which long
association has made dear and sacred. It is evident that this
is a question which must be seriously considered. It is en-
gaging the thoughts of increasing numbers of different classes,
and being debated, not only in learned reviews, but in the
periodicals which circulate among the people. Whatever ob-
jections may be felt, it is impossible for any to deny that
weighty reasons are urged in favor of a revision. Various
tentative efforts have been made by individuals, acting on their
own responsibility ; and, at the present time, a company of
scholars, designated by the Convocation of Canterbury, in the
Church of England, are actively engaged in the work.
It may be well for us, before considering the question -thus
suggested, briefly to glance at the history of our present and
some earlier versions.
The first complete translation of the Bible into the English
tongue was made by Wyclifife ; the New Testament being fin-
ished in 1380, and the Old Testament in 1384. This, though
before the invention of printing, had a wide circulation. But,
being made from the Latin Vulgate, by one probably not famil-
iar with the original tongues, it was necessarily imperfect, and
unfit to occupy a permanent place.
A century later, in 1484, William Tyndale was born, des-
tined for a work, the influence of which will be felt to the end
of time. From his early youth he was interested in the
translation of portions of the word of God. In 1523, in a
dispute with a Romish priest, he uttered the bold words : " If
1 87 1.] The Revision of the English Bible, 515
God spare my life, I will cause the boy that drives the plough
to know more of God's law than either you or the Pope."
He soon found that England was no place for him, and
sought an asylum in Hamburg, and afterwards in Cologne. In
1525, the first complete copy of the New Testament in English
ever printed, was issued at Worms. Other editions rapidly
followed. The Roman Catholics bought them up, in order to
burn them. Tyndale made them pay a round price, and
availed himself of the proceeds to publish larger and better
editions. He also commenced a translation of the Old Testa-
ment, and had proceeded as far as Chronicles, when, in 1536,
he was led to the stake, praying as he died, " Lord Jesus, open
the eyes of the King of England. "
Tyndale was a laborious and accurate scholar, familiar with
Greek, Hebrew, and other tongues, and a master of pure and
vigorous Saxon. As an interpreter, he was singularly without
prejudice,. so that he could say, " I call God to witness that I
never altered one syllable of His Word against my conscience. "
He ought ever to be honored as one of the greatest benefac-
tors of Christendom. While he was translating from the
original tongues, Miles Coverdale, at Zurich, was preparing an
English version from German and Latin translations, which
was printed in 1535, — a year before Tyndale's death. This
was the first complete English Bible ever printed. Two
years later, in 1537, John Rogers, the martyr {who, notwith-
standing his large and ever-increasing family, had opportunity
for sacred studies), issued an edition of Tyndale's New Testa-
ment, and of the Old Testament, according to Tyndale's version
as far as completed, — supplemented by Coverdale's, from the
book of Ezra onward. This was published, for prudential
reasons, under the pseudonym of Thomas Matthew ; and thus,
only a year after Tyndale's death, his last prayer was answered,
and the royal license obtained for this translation.
At this time the demand for the Bible was large and con-
stantly increasing, and a revised edition, edited by Coverdale,
with a prologue by Archbishop Cranmer, was brought out in
1539. This is known as " the Great Bible" (because of its size),
sometimes as Cranmer's.
In 1557, many of the leading reformers having been driven
5i6 TJie Revision of the English Bible. . [Oct.
to Geneva, an edition of the New Testament, based on Tyn-
dale's, corrected by Beza's Latin translation, was published by
them. This introduced the important innovation of verses,
marked by figures, — an idea taken from the Greek Testament
published by Robert Stephens in 155 1. In 1560, the whole
Bible was printed at Geneva, — the poetical and prophetical
books of the Old Testament having been largely revised, —
and notes, many of them strongly Genevan in doctrine, having
been inserted. Whittingham, who was Calvin's brother-in-law,
was one of the principal editors, assisted by Coverdale, proba-
bly by John Knox, and others. This version, called the Ge-
nevan, came at once into general use, and retained its popularity,
even after the introduction of the version of King James, —
passing through about one hundred and fifty editions in eighty
years.
A little later, Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, resolved
to attempt further improvement, and with the aid of other
scholars, eight of whom were prelates, published another version
in 1568, — usually called "the Bishops' Bible," — which de-
serves to be remembered, as it was, by royal command, made
the basis of our present authorized version. It never, how-
ever, obtained that favor among the people which was enjoyed
by the Genevan Bible.
About this time, we may say in passing, the Romanists, see-
ing the masses would have an English Bible, determined to pre-
pare a translation of their own. Accordingly, what is called the
Rhemish New Testament appeared at Rheims, in France, in
1582, translated from the Latin Vulgate ; and this was followed
twenty-seven years later, in 1609-10, by a version of the Old
Testament, in two volumes, also from the Latin, printed at
Douay, which is still the only English version sanctioned by
Roman Catholic authority.
James I came to the throne of England in 1603, and shortly
after, at the " Hampton Court Conference," it was suggested
that another effort be made to secure a satisfactory translation
of the Bible. The Genevan and Bishops' Bibles were most
generally circulated ; but the former never had been sanc-
tioned for public use, and the latter did not satisfy scholars.
King James, therefore, after due consultation with others,
iSyi.] TJie Revision of the English Bible. 517
nominated fifty-four leading scholars for the propospg work.
They were impartially chosen from different sects and parties,
solely on the ground of eminent qualifications, and were men
every way worthy of their high trust.
Of these fifty-four, forty-seven only undertook the task.
They were divided into six classes, to each of whom separate sec-
tions of the Old Testament and Apocrypha were assigned. For
six years they pursued their work. " Three years were occu-
pied in individual investigations. Three years more in the
systematic and united work of the six classes. Each member
of each class translated all the books entrusted to the class ;
then'the whole class met and adopted a common text ; then
that text was transmitted to each of the other classes for revis-
ion ; then a text of the whole Bible, approved by the entire
six classes, was submitted to the final revision of six delegates,
with six consulting assistants," and then placed in the hands
of Dr. Miles Smith to be made ready for the press.
The authofised version, thus prepared by most learned men,
using the greatest pains and care, availing themselves of the
labors of other English translators for nearly a century, was
issued at London, in a black-letter folio, in 161 1,
It was not strictly a new translation. Dr. Homer, of New-
ton, who devoted many years to the collation of the authorized,
with other versions, says that 89-90's of the New Testament
are taken from preceding translations ; in the Old Testament,
the amount of alteration is rather more.
The exact pedigree of our version has been thus stated : " It
was based on the Bishops' Bible of 1568, and that on Cran-
mer's of 1539, which was a new edition of Matthew's (Rogers')
Bible of 1537, partly from Coverdale of 1535, but chiefly from
Tyndale ; in other words, our authorized translation is mainly
that of Tyndale from the original Hebrew and Greek." *
By this work, James, who would else have been remembered
chiefly as a weak pedant, who balanced the contempt felt for
him by others, by the complacency with which he regarded
himself, has gained a place of lasting honor ; and to his credit
be it said, he clearly appreciated the greatness of the work,
and counted it the glory of his reign.
* " Gothic and Anglo-Saxon Gospels," by Bosworth & Waring, London, 1S65.
' 5 1 8 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
Yet this version, though recommended by royal authority,
seems only gradually, and after many years, to have supplanted
others in use ; and in sermons preached by Bishop Andrews,
himself one of the chief translators, in 1621 (ten years after
its publication), the texts were taken from the Bishops' Bible.
For two centuries and a half it has now maintained its place,
quickening the spiritual life of successive generations : its terse
and felicitous phrases stamped on the memory, its sacred words
associating themselves with all the scenes of public and pri-
vate life, with the joys and sorrows of the living, and the re-
pose of the dead.
Nevertheless, though it be the most sacred of our books, the
English Bible is a human work, — and it has the inevitable im-
perfection of all things human. The Scriptures, as first writ-
ten, were inspired ; but our translation is so only so far as it
exactly represents their meaning. Our desire should be —
and this is also the right of every Christian — to have the
most accurate representation of the original words of God
which is possible. If, after the lapse of 260 years, our version
can be so amended as to convey the idea of the original Scrip-
ture more precisely, then men will not rest till this is done.
Let us now see what are some of the reasons urged in favor
of this ; keeping in mind the cardinal point, that what is pro-
posed is not a new translation, but a revision, in which the aim
is to be, to make as little change as is consistent with the
truest accuracy.
Our first plan was to draw illustrations and arguments from
the whole Bible ; but the field has so widened that it seems
necessary to narrow the question, at least as far as any minute
investigation goes, to the New Testament. . And we may
assume that if there be a revision of this, the opportunity will
be embraced to amend the older Scriptures also.
The received Hebrew text to-day is essentially that which
our translators used ; the principal changes needed arise from
the present better understanding of the nature and laws of
Hebrew poetry. With the light now thrown on this subject,
many sections can certainly be made more intelligible and
forcible. No scholarly reader of the Book of Job, for example,
can fail to see how many of its obscurities might be removed,
1 8/ 1.] The Revision of the English Bible. 519
and fresh beauties brought out, by a judicious revision. Our
fuller knowledge, also, of the botany and zoology of the Holy
Land, would lead to many desirable corrections in the names
of plants and animals.
But we leave this branch of the subject with these meagre
hints, and turn to the arguments presented for the revision of
the New Testament.
Here we commence with those of the least importance.
First, a revision is d^sivdiOlQ., for the removal of obsolete words,
especially those which are often misunderstood.
As examples, we would name the use of the word "let," in
the sense of hinder ; " prevent," as meaning anticipate ; " con-
versation," for manner of life ; " quick," for living. The phrase
(Acts 21 : 15), " we took up our carriages," certainly conveys to
many a wrong idea ; it might be " made ready our baggage,"
even if we cannot go back to the quaint Genevan version, " we
trussed up our fardels."
In I Tim. 5 : 4, " if a widow have children or nephews," the
last word should be grandchildren, though, in 161 1, the term
nephew was some time ss oapplied. The " lively stones " of
I Pet. 2 : 45, in our day would be called "living" ones ; as,
indeed, the same Greek word is translated just before. The
word " grudge " formerly had the meaning of " murmur," and
so is used in the latter sense in James 5:6, " grudge not one
against another," to the obscuring of the precise sense. In
I Cor. 4 : 4, the apostle is made to say, " I know nothing by
myself" ; it should be against myself; and this was one mean-
ing of the preposition " by " two hundred and fifty years ago.
The frequent use of " which " for who, as applied to persons,
and the employment of " his " for its, also belong to the
obsolete usages of former days. Other examples might be
given, were it necessary.
Again, by a revision there might be secured a tmiformity in
proper names. It is to be regretted that so many are presented
in two forms. Thus, we have not only Noah and Noe, Elijah
and Elias, Hosea and Hosee, Isaiah and Esaias, and others,
where few confound the identity ; but in several places the
reference is more obscure and probably misunderstood by
many. EHsaeus is not easily identified with Elisha, — the
520 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
" widow of Sarepta," with the widow who dwelt at Zarephath ;
if most would recognize Timotheus in Timothy, they could
hardly be so sure that Marcus was Mark, and Lucas Luke,
and the Judas of Acts the Jude of the Epistle. Most bewil-
dering of all is it to read in Heb. 4:8, of " Jesus " giving rest,
when the reference is to Joshua, the son of Nun.
So in Acts 17: the same word is first (v. 19) transferred as
" Areopagus," and then, three verses after, translated as " Mars'
Hill." In another part of the same book (28 : 15), while we
have one designation anglicized as " Three Taverns," another
in the same verse is given in Latin as " Apii Forum." There
ought to be uniformity of treatment.
In this connection we may mention as another blemish to be
removed, tJie frequent and unnecessary variation in the rendcritig
of the sa7ne word. Of course, there cannot be an absolute and
unbending rule in regard to this ; for the same Greek word
may have, \\\ different connections, a diverse meaning. The
prepositions, e. g., must be variously translated. The word
which in one place stands for " angels," in another means only-
human messengers. But King James's translators seem to
have delighted in a needless license. In. fact, they say in their
preface, very frankly, " We have not tied ourselves to an uni-
formity of phrasing, or an identity of words, as some, perad-
venture, would wish we had done ; " and then go on to defend
their liberty, on the ground that they ought not " to be in
bondage to words and syllables," and that if they " should say,
as it were, to certain words, have a place in the Bible, always ;
and to others of like quality, get ye hence, — they might be
taxed, peradventure, with St. James's words, namely, ' To be
partial in ourselves, and judges of evil thoughts.' " This is
ingenious, but we can hardly suppose that the apostle intended
to teach rhetoric and advocate synonyms.
The translators, however, used them very freely, and have
thus not unfrequently obscured the course of thought, and
prevented the easy comparison of Scripture with Scripture.
There is one word (xa-apyeu), which is used twenty-seven times
and rendered seventeen different ways ; another {pr^L^, which
occurs twelve times, and is translated by nine different words.
In even the same chapter (Rom. 4), the word Xoyi^oj.ai is ren-
1 8/ 1.] The Revision of the English Bible. 521
dered twice by " count," six times by " impute," and three
times by " reckon," and yet this is the key-word to the whole
argument.
In Rom. 5:11 is the word " atonement," — the only place
in our version where it is found ; but the Greek word so
rendered occurs elsewhere, and is translated in one place
" reconciling," in another " reconciliation." There are passages
in different parts of the New Testament, which in the original
are precisely identical, and yet this identity does not appear to
the English reader. In Luke 7 : 50, " Thy faith hath saved
thee," is the version of the same words rendered in Luke
17:19, "Thy faith hath made thee whole." The same ex-
pression is translated in Jude 13, "blackness of darkness, "
and in 2 Peter 2:17, "mist of darkness. " The Baptist's
" leathern girdle " of Matthew becomes " the girdle of a skin "
in Mark, though both Evangelists used the same words. The
" goodly apparel " of James 2:2, is changed needlessly to
" gay clothing " in verse three, though the original is the same.
In other cases, quotations from the Old Testament in abso-
lutely identical words, are varied (slightly, it is true) in the
rendering of them.
In regard to such variations, Archbishop Trench urges with
truth, " It must not be forgotten that through them a most
interesting question as to the exact relations of the four several
gospels to one another is entirely foreclosed to the English
reader. " So in the Epistles, " striking coincidences in
language between one Epistle and another, which exist in the
Greek, do not exist in the English." Ought not the reader
of the common version to have the same power of seeing the
correspondences which is enjoyed by the scholar .'*
Often, also, the point of a sentence is lost because the same
word is variously rendered ; e. g., Paul, referring to the altar,
inscribed " to the unknown God," is made to say, " whom
therefore ye ignorantly worship. Him declare I unto you."
The word rendered " unknown " is ayvwrfrw, that rendered
" ignorantly " is a/voouvrs^, evidently a delicate rhetorical turn,
and it should have been reproduced, " I saw an altar to an
unknown God ; whom therefore ye worship unknowijig^' etc.
So in I Cor. 3:17, we read, " If any man defile the temple of
522 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
God, him shall God destroy ; " but in the original the same word
is repeated, evidently to convey the idea of a correspondence
between the offence and the penalty, and we ought to have this
indicated, as, " If one destroy the temple, him shall God de-
stroy."
There is a similar repetition in 2 Thess. i : 6, where we read,
" It is a righteous thing with God to recompense tribulation to
them that trouble you," where it ought to have been, " trouble
to them that trouble," or " affliction to them that afflict " ; in-
dicating that persecutors will receive themselves just what they
inflict on others. So in the oft-quoted passage, Phil. 2:13,
we read, " God worketh in you both to will and to do " ; it
would be more exact and more forcible to say, " God worketh
in you both to will and to work." In Rev. 4 : 4, our version
says, "round about the throne wero. four and twenty seats" ; but
the Greek noun is the same in both clauses, and the variation
obscures the fact that the redeemed are to reign hereafter en-
throned with the Lord.
These must suffice as examples of the needless and some-
times injurious rendering of the same Greek, by varying Eng-
lish words. Trench, in his essay on the authorized version of
the New Testament, mentions many others.
Further, there are some texts inaccurately translated.
The authors of our version were men of remarkable learn-
ing ; but the critical study of the Hebrew, and still more of the
Greek language, has made great advances since their day.
Niceties and peculiarities in the use of the Greek article,
for example, and of prepositions and of the tenses of the verb,
are now familiar to scholars, which were unknown to them.
We are, then, in a position to reproduce the finer shades of
meaning better than they.
Dr. Trench points out these among other instances, where
the exact force of the article is not given. Heb. 11 : 10: " He
looked for a city," and it should be " the city which hath the
foundations " ; that is, the one predicted,, whose foundations
David and Isaiah had spoken of John 3 : 10, Christ says to
Nicodemus, not " art thou a teacher," etc., but the teacher t that
is, the well-known, tbe famed teacher. So in i Tim. 6 : 10,
Paul does not say that " the love of money is the root of all
1 8/ 1.] The Revision of the English Bible. 523
evil," but a root, avoiding what now seems an exaggeration.
And in the very difficult passage, Rom. 5 : 15-19, which should
have been most exactly rendered, the articles have been re-
peatedly omitted, and we read " through the offence of one,
many be dead," instead of " through the offence of the one, the
many be dead," etc., where " the many " is necessary to show
that the phrase is equivalent to " all " in verse 1 2, a fact of
great importance in the interpretation. (So in verses 17, 18,
and 19.)
These, like the changes which would be made by giving the
precise force of moods and tenses, may seem trifling ; but is not
this the true position to take, that nothing can be of trivial
importance which removes us from the most exact understand-
ing of every portion of the word of God }
Other instances of inaccuracy are the following : [We can
only state them, without attempting to defend our judgment,
though the opinion expressed is in accordance with the general
decision of the best critical authorities.]
Matt. 6:25. "Take no thought," should be, be not anxious.
Matt. 23 : 24. Strain out, should be substituted for, " strain
at a gnat."
Luke 23 : 15. " Nothing worthy of death is done iinto him,"
should be, by him.
John 8:58. " Before Abraham was, I am." There is a nice
distinction in the Greek between ysvkSai and s(Vi, Before Abra
ham was made, I am. ,
John 16 : 8. The Spirit shall convince the world, etc. ; not,
as we have it, " reprove."
John 10 : 16. " There shall be onefold, and one Shepherd ; "
the word is "Troi'av?], Jloci, not fold : there will be many folds.
John 12:6. Judas not merely "bare," but //^r^zV/^^a^ what
was in the bag.
Acts 2 : 47, we read, " the Lord added to the church daily
such as sJiould be saved ; " but it is to-jj- (rw^o,'a.s'vous', those being
saved, or those in the way of salvation.
Acts 2: 31. "His soul was not left in hell;" it should
be " the grave." Indeed, we may say, in general, our trans-
lation does not distinguish with care between Gehenna and
Hades.
524 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
Acts 3 : 19. Repent, etc., "when times of refreshing shall
come," should be, that they may come.
Acts 12:4. " Intending after Easter to bring him forth ; " a
most strange and unfortunate rendering of to itadya..
Acts 17 : 22. Paul was too good a rhetorician to assail the
Athenians by calling them " too superstitious " ; he really
complimented them : " I perceive ye are very religious." Nor
did he, as said in verse 23, behold " their devotions," but their
objects of worship.
Acts 20:28. 'E-Tirfxoffojs- is translated " overseers," obscuring
the important fact that the title of bishops is given to those who
in verse 17 are called the elders (presbyters) of the church.
I Cor. 1 1 : 29. " Damnation " should be softened to condem-
nation.
Col. 1:15. " First-born of every creature," is translated by
Ellicott, " first-born before every creature," by Trench, " born
before the whole creation," though perhaps all would not agree
to this.
Phil. 2 : 6. Instead of " thought it not robbery to be equal
with God," it is generally conceded we should read, thought
not his equality, etc., a thing to grasp at, or to be eageily re-
tained.
I Thess. 5:22. For " abstain from all appearance of evil,"
we must read, from every form of evil.
I Tim. 6: 5. Instead of supposing that "gain is godliness,"
we should substitute, godhtiess is gain, which coiTesponds
with the following verse, where the same words are repeated,
and in the same order.
Heb. 2:16. Our translation is, " he took not on him the na-
ture of angels " ; the words " him the nature of ' being in italics ;
it reads, literally, he taketh not hold of angels ; and the refer-
ence is not to the incarnation, but to the aid Christ brings to
men ; and so Alford translates, " it is not angels he helpeth,"
etc.
Heb. 10 : 23. 'EX^fe is rendered " faith," instead of hope.
Heb. 10:36. Our translators have inserted " any man" m.
italics, in the sentence, '' if any man draw back." There is no
warrant for this, and the only nominative rightly supplied is
"/^e'," whatever be the doctrinal aspects of the change.
1 8/ 1.] The Revision of the English Bible. 525
Heb. II : 13. The ancient worthies did not "embrace" the
promises, but seeing them afar off, they hailed them, or " sa-
luted " them, as Tyndale put it.
Jam. I : 26. " If any man among you seem to be religious,"
ought to read, thittk himself to be, plainly a better sense.
But once more we must " truss up our fardels," and move on.
The most weighty reason for a revision, and that without
which perhaps all others would be insufficient, is yet to be
named : the alterations which ancient manuscripts of the New
Testament, bi'ought to light since our version was prepared,
compel us to make in the original text.
Our translators had before them the Greek Testaments of
Beza and of Stephens ; but these were largely transcripts of
the text, as edited by Erasmus ; so that, according to Bishop
Ellicott, " in the fourth edition of Erasmus, we really have the
mother-text of our own authorized version." The first edition
of Erasmus was prepared with only about six months' labor,
and from MSS. which Ellicott says " were of no great critical
value." The subsequent editions were improved, but still
suffered because " based on scanty evidence and late manu-
scripts," containing some passages introduced on slight au-
thority. The existence of the famous Vatican Codex was known
to Erasmus, and, through a friend, he consulted it in one
instance ; yet, leaving this writing of the fourth century, he
mainly followed one of the sixteenth. Now, we have five most
important MSS. belonging to the fourth, fifth, and sixth cen-
turies, none of which influenced our version in any perceptible
degree, and the existence of three of which, at least, was un-
known to our translators. These are, the Alexandrine, in the
British Museum, of the fifth century ; the Vatican, of the fourth ;
the Codex Ephraemi, in the imperial library at Paris, of the
fifth century ; the Codex Bezae, of the Gospels and Acts, of the
sixth ; and, the oldest and most important of all, the Sinai
manuscript, discovered by Tischendorf only twelve years ago.
These, and others of a later date, have all been made the
subject of most critical examination and comparison, and are
now placed within the reach of scholars.
And besides, a very large number of ancient versions, in dif-
ferent languages of the East, have been brought to light, some
526 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
of them more ancient than any existmg manuscripts ; and in
connection with this increase of material, there has been a
commensurate increase of critical knowledge and power.
It cannot be said that there is at present any received text of
the Greek Testament which has secured universal assent ;
yet, in regard to many passages there is agreement, and the
materials for criticism are so accessible, that a company of
scholars meeting together might, in almost all instances, decide
on the text for which the weight of authority preponderated.
Among the most important changes proposed on account of
critical considerations are these : —
Matt. 6:13, The doxology in the Lord's prayer might be
omitted, though this is not certain.
Matt. 19:17. Instead of the question, " Why callest thou
me good .''" several old manuscripts and versions read, "Why
askest thou me concerning good ?" though in Mark and Luke,
the inquiry is as in our version of Matthew.
Mark 3 : 29. " Eternal damnation " would be eternal sin.
Some, would omit Mark 16:9-20.
Luke 2:14. Dean Alford would read, "peace upon earth,
among men of good pleasure " ; though others do not assent
to this.
John 5:4. "For an angel came down," etc., would be
omitted.
John 8 : i-i I. The account of the woman taken in adultery
is found in only one of the early manuscripts. The weight of
authority is, therefore, against it, though it may have been a
true story, which was circulating in oral tradition.
Acts 8:37. We are sorry for our Baptist friends, but these
words, " And Philip said, If thou believest," etc., and the reply,
are not in any ancient manuscripts, and were inserted by Eras-
mus from the Vulgate.
Acts 9 : 5 and 6. The words, " It is hard," etc., " And he,
trembling," etc., are without authority in this place, though
found in other chapters of this book. Erasmus inserted them
here.
I Tim. 3:16. Instead of "God manifest in the flesh," the
oldest manuscripts, with one exception, read, (or) who was
manifest, etc.
1 8/ 1.] The Revision of the English Bible. 427
I Pet. 3:15. The best authorities give, instead of "Sanc-
tify the Lord God in your hearts," sanctify Christ in your
hearts as Lord.
I John 5 : 7. The words, " in heaven, the Father, the Word
and the Holy Ghost," etc., would unquestionably be omitted ;
but in the same epistle (2:23) the clause, " He that acknowl-
edgeth the Son hath the Father also," which our translators
marked in italics, would be restored to good and regular stand-
ing.
Jude I. Instead of "sanctified by God," we should read,
beloved by God.
Rev. 14 : 1. Those standing with the Lamb on Mount Zion
have " His name and His Father's name upon their foreheads."
Rev. 22 : 14. Tischendorf and others would read, instead of
" Blessed are they who do his commandments," etc., they who
wash their robes. (Comp. Rev. 7 : 14.)
These alterations are proposed simply on critical grounds, to
bring us nearer to the Word as given by inspiration ; and if
we adhere to readings which we have reason to believe incor-
rect, are we not in danger, as Dr. Smith's Bible Dictionary
puts it, of " offering to God the unclean sacrifice of a lie " .■*
Such are the chief reasons urged in favor of a revision.
Other points might have been named ; many of the head-
ings of the chapters will not stand the test of criticism ; itali-
cized words, not in the original, are too frequently supplied ;
some phrases might be as truly, and yet more delicately, ren-
dered. But such topics we must pass by, in order to glance,
though necessarily briefly, at what is said on the other side.
First, Some cry out against " altering the Bible!' It seems
to them as if men wished to place sacrilegious hands on things
sacred.
Now we must honor, and ought to maintain, the reverence
felt for our English version. Its very words are hallowed by
association, and it is painful to give up even a single text.
But this is too high a question to be decided merely by our
feelings. We must carry an appeal to the supreme court of
our most deliberate jiidgment. There it will appear that our
authorized version is not the inspired Bible. The Scripture,
as it came from the sacred penmen, is the Bible, and any version
528 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
is so, only as it represents the exact teaching of the Holy
Ghost. This statement raises a very weighty and solemn in-
quiry, Whether we can with honesty irfiise to amend a trans-
lation felt to be defective ? If the greater abundance of manu-
scripts, especially of ancient copies, leads us to believe that
some passages, inserted formerly, do not belong to the true
text, have we a right to continue to circulate them ? If other
passages are made to convey an inaccurate meaning, ought we
to permit them to be quoted as authoritative ? Nay, fearing to
" handle tHe word of God deceitfully," can we rest satisfied, as
a matter of conscience, with any but the most perfect tran-
script of its meaning, which is in any way attainable ?
But it is said, again, that by the proposed changes, we shall
" unsettle mens minds!'
There are those who fear the effect of letting it be known
that our version needs amending. But this must be known ;
it is being published abroad every day. And the attempt to
conceal facts, which are, or are supposed to be, dangerous to
be known, always leads to exaggerated conceptions of the ex-
tent of the danger. It seems as if that which men desire to
hide, must be formidable.
Now, the facts are, that the large majority of the changes
which would probably be made, are, in themselves, trifling. A
great number would hardly be noticed in the reading of the
Word. They are to be made only on the principle of repro-
ducing the original as exactly as possible. And while we admit
that other alterations are of consequence, and that a few have
a bearing on the proof of important doctrines, yet these
would not alter the belief in a single vital point. The doc-
trine of the Trinity, e. g., does not depend on the text concern-
ing the " three heavenly witnesses," nor would the faith of a
single believer be shaken by giving it up. Some who have
experimented in revision have found it practicable also to use
only the old vocabulary. We need introduce no new or modern
words, and we ought to adhere to the almost perfect style of
our masters of translation.
Those fearing that the foundations will be destroyed, would
find that the old Bible is really unchanged ; and to multitudes,
distressed by vague assertions that- our present version is in-
1871.] The Revision of the English Bible. 529
correct, there would come even a strong confirmation of faith,
because after criticism had spent its force, so little change was
necessary ; and so this word " revision " only " signifieth the
removing of those (few) things that are shaken, as of things
that are made, that those things which cannot be shaken may
remain."
It is urged, still further, that it would be impossible to bring
all Christians to agree tipon and nse, as noiv, a common ver-
sion. This is, unquestionably,' a real and weighty objection.
And were this a mere matter of feeling or inclination, it might
be decisive. But when a path opens to which duty points, we
cannot be stopped by difficulties.
It is not certain that all would not agree ; at least all, save
those ordained to be perverse schismatics, like men who viust
translate iSu'ifri^a, immerse. And they will have their separate
versions any way.
A revision ought to be made on broad principles, and by the
aid of scholars of different lands and different sects. Even
those who have departed from the catholic faith of the church
might well be consulted. And the desirableness of agreement
in a common standard is so manifest, that we cannot renounce
the hope, that, guided by the good Spirit, a body of Christian
scholars, true to fixed canons of criticism, loyal to God's word,
might send forth a revised version of such authority that it
would be presumption to refuse it. Certainly, if this is not
done, the Unitarians will, ere long, like the Immersers, intro-
duce versions of their own. The evil is upon us, and it is at
least a question whether an authoritative revision is not, after
all, the best way to meet it.
We may allude to one other objection, which Dr. Ellicott
considers the greatest of all, that one revision will encourage
others, and so in the end far greater changes than now pro-
posed will be brought about. Possibly, this would be the case,
but it is by no means certain. Our present version followed
others which had succeeded each other in rapid succession, and
was, by God's blessing, so satisfactory as to close the series
until now. May it not be that a cautious and reverent revis-
ion, preserving still the savor of our old Bible and its historic
identity, will satisfy the demanJs of present time, and stop the
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 4. 35
530 The Revision of the English Bible. [Oct.
call for further change ? May we not meet the duty now press-
ing, and rest without anxious thought concerning the morrow ?
In a word, no one desires a revision for its own sake. If
ever undertaken, it will be because it is felt to be demanded by
simple loyalty to the true word of God ; and if thus demanded,
we must go forward, confident that He who has given the
Bible, will avert the dangers of the undertaking and help us to
surmount its difficulties.
We only add, that while convinced that a revision must
sooner or later be made, we need not act iii haste. Perhaps the
time for this work has not yet fully come. There is a possi-
bility that some other Greek manuscripts, or ancient oriental
versions, may be brought to light. The labors of individual
translators, which are being published, though marked by per-
sonal peculiarities, and therefore defective, are preparing the
way for more satisfactory results. Such an edition of the New
Testament, with suggested emendations, as Tauchnitz has re-
cently published, will show what is proposed, and remove the
fear of any destructive change. The combined efforts of scTiol-
ars, like that of the committee of the Convocation of Canter-
bury, we may expect to approach still more nearly to what is
desired ; and it seems necessary that by such attempts the way
should be gradually prepared, and the Christian public be
familiarized with the idea of a revision.
The Commission which shall finally accomplish the work,
must be organized on the broadest scale. England is the
natural centre and field for the work, — the version of King
James being revised where it originated. But the aid of
scholars from all parts of the kingdom must be sought ; the
aid of dissenters as well as churchmen. What are differences
of organization in the presence of that commanding Word,
whose supreme authority all alike recognize .■* America, where
so large a portion of the English-speaking population is found,
must send her delegates also. Missionaries, familiar with living
Oriental tongues, and with the customs of the East, will be
most important helpers. The work must be performed pa-
tiently, reverently. All love of innovation, all ambition of
scholarship, must be subordinated to the supreme purpose of
faithfulness to God's truth.
1^7 1.] The Revision of the English Bible. 531
We have heard of the artist trembUng as he ventured to
retouch one of the defaced works of a great master. So should
our Enghsh Bible be corrected only by reverential hands.
Then — is it too much to hope for .-• — we should have still
the same version which guided our fathers, and has blessed us ;
but that version, giving us more perfectly the exact shades of
thought, corrected in the few places where inaccuracies crept
in, brought into closer conformity to those more ancient and
authentic copies of the Scriptures which God's providence se-
cretly guarded for centuries, and has now opened to us, surely
for some good end ; and so an English Bible, which may be
for centuries yet future a sure guide, and a perfect transcript
of God's revealed will.
James H. Means.
Dorchester.
Superior Tolerance of the Plymouth Men. — " The
spirit of Robinson appeared to watch over his feeble flock on
the coast of New England, long after his body was mouldering
beneath the Cathedral church at Leyden. Again, their twelve
years' residence in Holland had brought the Pilgrims in con-
tact with other sects of Christians, and given them a more
catholic spirit than pertained to those whose stay in England
had been embittered by the strife of contending factions in the
Established Church. Whether these reasons fully account for
the superior liberality of the Plymouth Colonists, or not, the
records show, that as they were distinct from the Puritans in
England, and had been long separated from them in Holland,
so did they preserve that distinction in some measure in
America. The Pilgrims of Plymouth were more liberal in
feeling, and more tolerant in practice, than the Puritans of
Massachusetts Bay. The simple forms of democratic govern-
ment \i. e., in its absolute form, precisely as practised in the
Congregational churches] were maintained in Plymouth for
eighteen years, until the growth of the Colony compelled the
introduction of the representative system." — Arnold's History
of Rhode Is la fid, vol. i, p. 13.
532 The First CJmrch in West Springfield. [Oct.
THE FIRST CHURCH IN WEST SPRINGFIELD.
The town of Springfield, Mass., of which, until 1774, West
Springfield was a part, was settled in 1636. In November,
1696, the inhabitants on the west side of the river, consisting
of thirty-two families, received from the general court permis-
sion to " procure and settle a learned and orthodox minister to
dispense the word of God unto those that dwell there, and that
they be a distinct and separate precinct for that purpose."
" The First Church in West Springfield " was organized in
June, 1698. No record remains, nor does it appear that any
was ever kept of the names or numbers of those who constituted
the church at its organization, or of those who were added to
its membership during the first twenty-two years of its history.
Rev. John Woodbridge was the first pastor of the church,
and was constituted such at 'its organization. So far as appears,
he kept no records either of his work or of its results. He
was described by a contemporary as " a man of great learning,
of pleasant conversation, of a very tender spirit, very apt to
communicate, and that had an excellent gift in giving advice
and counsel." His wife was a granddaughter of the celebrated
"Apostle to the Indians," — John Eliot. He died June 17,
18 1 8, after a pastorate of twenty years, and at the age of forty.
The second pastor of the church was Rev. Samuel Hopkins,
who was ordained June i, 1720. It has been said of him that
he was " an eminently prudent and faithful minister," a man
of " ardent piety, whose heart was earnestly set upon the sal-
vation of his people." He wrote about fifteen hundred ser-
mons; published " Historical Memoirs, relating to the Housa-
tunnuck Indians"; baptized 660 persons, and admitted 210 to
the membership of the church. His wife was a sister of Rev.
Jonathan Edwards. He died Oct. 5, 1755, at the age of sixty-
one, and in the thirty-sixth year of his rninistry.
Rev. Joseph Lathrop, the third pastor of the church, was
ordained August 25, 1756. He is still remembered by many
who yet survive, as a man of " august presence and profound
wisdom." Both Yale and Harvard Universities conferred upon
him the degree of doctor of divinity. He was elected to the
1 8/ 1.] The First Church in West Springfield. 533
professorship of theology at Yale, but did not accept it. He
assisted about twenty young men in their studies for the min-
istry ; wrote about five thousand sermons, of which, besides
many miscellaneous papers, seven volumes were published ;
baptized 1,266 children, and admitted 513 persons to the mem-
bership of the church. He closed his labors and his earthly
life, Dec. 31, 1820, in the ninetieth year of his age, and sixty-
fifth of his ministry.
Since Dr. Lathrop's ministry, the church has had eight settled
pastors, all of whom, with the possible exception of Mr. Hun-
ter, still survive, and are in more or less active service ; two
of whom, Drs. Sprague and Foster, received the degree of
doctor of divinity while at West Springfield ; and upon four
of whom, Drs. Vermilye, Wood, Field, and Hawks, the same
distinction has been conferred since their removal to other
fields.
Rev. William B. Sprague was ordained August 25, 18 19, and
was pastor of the church ten years. During his ministry 131
were added to the membership of the church, — the year 1824
witnessing a larger accession than any preceding year since its
organization. In July, 1829, he was dismissed to accept a call
from the Second Presbyterian Church, at Albany, New York.
August 29, 1869, he returned to West Springfield to com-
memorate, by discourses suited to the occasion, the fiftieth
anniversary of his settlement there.
Rev. Thomas E. Vermilye was ordained May 6, 1830, and
was pastor of the church five years. During his ministry fifty-
six were added to the church. He was dismissed April 29,
1835, to become pastor of the Northern Dutch Church, at
Albany, New York, and has for many years been one of the
pastors of the Collegiate Reformed Church in the city of
New York.
Rev. John M. Hunter was pastor of the church from August
24, 1835, until February 16, 1837, and received fourteen acces-
sions to its membership. He was subsequently settled in
Bridgeport, Ct. Of his present residence nothing is knowai.
Rev. A. Augustus Wood was ordained December 19, 1838,
and was dismissed to accept a call from the Pearl Street Pres-
byterian church in the city of New York, August 28, 1849.
534 " T^^^^ First Church in West Springfield. [Oct.
His ministry began with an extensive revival, and during the
eleven years of his pastorate there were 223 accessions to the
church.
Rev. Henry M. Field, having been previously pastor of the
Third Presbyterian Church, in St. Louis, was installed January
29, 185 1. ■ The number added to the church during his minis-
try, was twenty. He was dismissed November 14, 1854, and
is now editor of the New York Evangelist.
Rev. Theron H. Hawks was ordained March 7, 1855, and
dismissed to become pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church,
in Cleveland, Ohio, April i, 1861. There were eighty-two
accessions to the membership of the church during his min-
istry.
Rev. Eden B. Foster was installed October 10, 1861 ; re-
ceived forty-nine persons into the church ; and was dismissed
March, 1866, to resume the pastorate of the John Street Church,
in Lowell, from which he came to West Springfield.
The eleventh and last pastor of the church was Rev. Henry
M. Grout. He was installed July 9, 1867; received forty
accessions to the church ; was dismissed January 2, 1871 ; and
is now engaged in editorial work in Boston.
The first house of worship in the parish was erected in 1702.
It stood near the centre of the park, about ten rods south ot
the cemetery. It was a unique structure, forty-two feet square
upon the ground, and ninety-two feet high, and had three roofs,
each succeeding story being smaller than the one which pre-
ceded it. Until 1743, the people assembled for worship at the
call of the drum. At that time a bell was procured, which,
having been two or three times broken and recast, was trans-
ferred to the present house and long did service there. The
present house was dedicated June 20, 1802. A difference of
opinion respecting its location had long delayed its erection ; ^
and the controversy was terminated by an offer from Mr. John
Ashley of thirteen hundred pounds, as a fund for the support
of the ministry, upon certain conditions, one of which was that
the parish should erect a "spacious and elegant meeting-
1 The old house had become greatly dilapidated; so that at one time, as the
story is told, when a business meeting was being held, and a shower arose, it was
moved that the congregation adjourn to the shelter of a tree.
iSyi.] TJie First CJmrch in West Spting field. 535
house " on a spot designated by himself. The offer was ac-
cepted, and the house located where it now stands. At differ-
ent times, various alterations have been made in its interior,
and the lofty pulpit has been more than once lowered.
In the year 1855, it was furnished with an organ, and in the
year i860, the walls were frescoed. The recent 'and rapid
growth of that part of the town which lies south of the " hill,"
together with a deepening desire for a place of worship which
shall be yet more " elegant," if not more " spacious," has led
to a movement for a third edifice to be located upon some spot
adjacent to the park, and not far from that which was occupied
by the first. And in November, 1870, after some months'
agitation of the question, it was voted that, if individuals would
erect such a house, the parish would accept and use it as their
place of worship.
At the next regular annual meeting held in April following,
this vote was rescinded ; as a result of which action those
families residing south of the hill, together with a few from the
north side, withdrew from the parish for the purpose of form-
ing a separate organization. Seventy-six members of the
church asked and received letters of dismission, and a new
church was duly organized on the loth of April last. A new
house of worship, of brick, and with stone trimmings, is now
in the process of erection. Its location is on the north side
of the parkj and just east from the cemetery. The cost is
expected to be not far from ^30,000.
The practice of "lining the hymns" was discontinued in
1781. Four years later, in 1785, articles were adopted by the
church terminating the " half-way covenant " system.
The church has been blessed with seasons of more or less
marked religious awakening, and v/ith corresponding accessions
to its membership. During the last one hundred and fifty
years of its history, the records of which have been kept, the
whole number of persons received to full communion has been
1,364. In 1735, forty-eight were thus received ; in 18 16, forty-
three ; in 1824, forty-nine ; and in 1839, one hundred and one.
These were the only years when the number of accessions
reached forty. The church has enjoyed, however, an almost
unbroken prosperity ; and a prosperity which — comparing de-
536 The First Church in West Springfield. [Oct.
cades, and bearing in mind that there are now several churches
where there was once but one, and that fewer famihes are left
to worship with the mother church then there were fifty and
indeed thirty years ago — has rather increased than waned.
Beginning with the first year covered by existing records, — the
year 1721; — there were added to its membership during the
successive decades, the following numbers : 42, 102, 65, 52,
52, 55, 71, 104,81, 134, 113, 174, 113, 103, loi. Comparing half
centuries, we have the following results : during the first, the
accessions were 313 ; the second, 445 ; the third, 606.
The First Parish of West Springfield originally included all
that territory which now belongs to Holyoke on the one side,
and Agawam on the other. And there are, at this time, not
less than seven Congregational, three Baptist, two Methodist,
one Episcopalian, one German Reformed, and three Roman
Catholic — in all seventeen — churches upon ground which was
once occupied by that one whose history we have thus briefly
sketched.
Henry M. Grout.
Boston.
John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, was the first father of
Puritan Non-conformity. " History, while it has done justice
to the character and the abilities of this eminent man, has not
done similar justice to his opinions. He appears on its pages
as a conscientious opponent of all ecclesiastical ceremonies and
habits that are not expressly warranted by Scripture, as a suf-
ferer for his opinions on this subject, and as a martyr for the
Protestant religion ; but he was more than this. All Protes-
tants and Puritans have been accustomed to hold his name in
reverence, but it belongs in a more especial manner to the
English Non-conformists of the nineteenth century. It was
his voice which first publicly proclaimed the principles of re-
ligious freedom. He stood alone amongst the English Prot-
estants of his age in denying the right of the State to interfere
with religion." — Skeatss Free ChurcJi of England.
1 8/ 1.] Lessons on Popnlation. 537
LESSONS ON POPULATION SUGGESTED BY GRECIAN
AND ROMAN HISTORY.
Recent investigations have thrown new light upon the
downfall of Greece and Rome. J. R. Seeley, Prof, of History
in the University of Cambridge (England), the author of that
remarkable work, " Ecce Homo," has lately published several
essays upon Roman Imperialism, in which the causes of the
fall of the Roman Empire are analyzed with unusual discrim-
ination and thoroughness. It would seem from the facts here
stated and the opinions expressed, that the real causes of decay
in this once powerful nation have been greatly misapprehended.
Such, at least, is the necessary deduction from the facts he
states, and such is the conclusion which he maintains.
After noticing various changes in the condition and govern-
ment of this people, Prof. Seeley remarks : " We are forced,
then, to the conclusion that the Roman Empire, in the midst
of its greatness and civilization, must have been in a stationary
and unprogressive, if not in a decaying condition. Now what
can have been the cause of this unproductiveness or decay }
It has been common to suppose that it was a moral degenera-
tion in the Romans, caused by luxury and excessive good for-
tune. To support this, it is easy to quote the satirists and
cynics of the Imperial time, and to refer to such accounts as
Ammianus gives of the mingled effeminacy and brutality of the
aristocracy of the capital in the fourth century. But the history
of the wars between Rome and the barbaric world does not show
us the proofs we might expect of this decay of spirit. We do
not find the Romans ceasing to be victorious in the field, and
beginning to show themselves inferior in valor to their enemies.
The luxury of the capital could not affect the army, which had
no connection with the capital, but was levied from the peas-
antry of the whole empire, a class into which luxury can never
penetrate. Nor can it be said that luxury corrupted the gen-
erals, and through them the army. On the contrary, the em-
pire produced a remarkable series of capable generals. . . .
Whatever the remote and ultimate cause may have been, the
immediate cause to which the fall of the Roman Emj^ire can be
538 Lessons on Populatio7i. [Oct.
traced is ^physical, not a moral decay. In valor, discipline, and
science, the Roman armies remained what they always had
been, and the peasant emperors of Illyricum were worthy suc-
cessors of Cincinnatus and Caius Marius. But the problem
was, how to replenish those armies. Men were wanting ; the
empire perished for want of men. Nor was it in the army
only that the empire was compelled to borrow men from bar-
barism. To cultivate the fields, whole tribes were borrowed."
Prof Seeley then proceeds to show, that in filling up the
ranks of the army they had to depend not only more and more
upon a barbaric element, but that in the cultivation of the soil
and use of unoccupied lands, the country fell gradually into the
hands of barbarian tribes, such as the Vandals, the Goths, the
Franks, the Germans, etc. After noticing at some length the
effects of these changes, he remarks, " Facts of this order stand
in a much closer relation to the fall of the empire, than many
which are habitually adduced to account for it. The drain of
wealth to the East, fiscal oppression, the rapacity of officials,
the tyranny by which the curiales, or respectable middle class
of provincial towns, were crushed, the growth of servility and
effeminacy, all these are causes which might, and probably did,
bring on the ruin of the empire. But they were causes operat-
ing indirectly and indefinitely ; and they ought not to divert
our attention from the immediate and adequate cause, — that
want of population which made it impossible to keep up a
native army, and which caused a perpetual and irrepressible
stream of barbaric immigration. The barbarian occupied the
Roman Empire almost as the Anglo-Saxon is occupying North
America ; he settled and peopled, rather than conquered it."
From a careful review of Roman history, it seems that this
want of increase of population commenced quite early. We
are told that Julius Caesar, when he attained to supreme power,
found an " alarming thinness of population " ; and the returns
of the census from the second Punic war to the time of Augus-
tus, show " no steady increase of citizens that cannot be ac-
counted for by the extension of citizenship to new classes." It
has been very justly said, that wherever wars or destructive
plagues prevail, a stationary population cannot bear such rav-
ages so well as one that is progressive.
1 8/ 1.] Lessons on Population. 539
The marriage relation had become so much neglected, that
it was found necessary to call the attention of the citizens re-
peatedly to the importance of this institution, and their duties
in respect to it. Laws were passed granting special favors
and privileges to induce men to assume this relation. It was
found also that the increase of population was impeded by
" infanticide," and attempts were made by legislation and other
means to check this crime, but without much success. While
" the aversion to marriage " and " the unwillingness to multi-
ply" are mentioned as becoming stronger and stronger, the
historian nowhere undertakes to explain the causes of such
perversity of disposition.
After attempting to account for some changes. Prof Seeley
says : " Perhaps enough has now been said to explain that great
enigma which so much bewilders the reader of Gibbon, name-
ly, the sharp contrast between the age of the Antonines and
the age that followed it. A century of unparalleled tranquillity
and virtuous government is followed immediately by a period
of hopeless ruin and dissolution. A century of rest is fol-
lowed, not by renewed vigor, but by incurable exhaustion.
Some principle of decay must clearly have been at work ; but
what principle.'' We answer, it was a period of sterility or
barrenness in human beings ; the human harvest was bad."
It may be remarked, in corroboration of the theory or con-
clusions of Seeley, that the prevalence of luxury and vice will,
in any community and under all circumstances, tend to check
the multiplication of the race ; hence diminution of numbers
was no more and nothing less than what we should look for.
Admitting or knowing that a state or community has become
thoroughly corrupt, we may assuredly predict of it, that, if left
to its own course, — if the tide of moral corruption be not
stemmed or stayed, — it will of necessity (by operation of
natural laws) dwindle and die out. But in such a state of
things, the main cause may be of a physical nature, arising
from changes in human organization.
We make only one quotation more from Prof Seeley, pre-
ferring always to use his own language, lest it might be said
that his statements or conclusions were not fairly represented.
After describing the stationary condition of the Roman popula-
540 Lessons on Population. [Oct.
tion, he says : " The same phenomenon had shown itself in
Greece before its conquest by the Romans. There the popula-
tion had even greatly declined ; and the shrewd observer, Poly-
bius, explains, that it was not owing to war or plague, but
mainly to a general repugnance to marriage and reluctance to
rear large families, caused by an extravagantly high standard
of comfort."
This allusion to Greece has led us to examine somewhat
carefully several different histories of this nation, but without
finding much information or light shed upon this particular
point. As far as any facts are stated or theories expressed on
population, they harmonize perfectly with those already de-
scribed as connected with Roman history. Polybius is the
most discriminating writer on this topic, and it is needless to
remark that no higher authority could be quoted. These are
his words : " In our times, all Greece has been afflicted with a
failure of offspring ; in a word, with a scarcity of men ; so that
the cities have been left desolate, and the land waste, though
we have not been visited either with a series of wars, or with
epidemic diseases. Would it not be absurd to send to inquire
of the Oracles by what means our numbers may be increased,
and our cities become more flourishing, when the cause is
manifest, and the remedy rests with ourselves .-' For when
men give themselves up to ease and comfort and indolence,
and would neither marry or rear children born out of wedlock,
or at least only one or two, in order to leave these rich, and to
bring them up in luxury, the evil soon spread, imperceptibly,
but with rapid growth ; for when there was only a child or two
in a family for war or disease to carry off, the inevitable conse-
quence was that houses were left desolate, and cities by de-
grees became like deserted hives. And there is no need to
consult the gods about the mode of deliverance from this evil ;
for any man would tell us that the first thing we have to do is
to change our habits, or, at all events, to enact laws compelling
parents to rear their children."
This statement of Polybius was applied to Greece long be-
fore its downfall, in fact at the time when this nation came
under the government of Rome, and had been considered quite
prosperous. But Polybius asserts that this decline in popula-
iS/i.] Lessons on Population. 541
tion commenced even before this period ; at a time, too, when
the nation was apparently enjoying a high state of prosperity.
Such a change in population does not harmonize with the
theory of Malthus, and some other writers on this subject.
We quote from one more writer, whose testimony in
such matters must be good authority. Thirlwall, in the con-
cluding chapter of his last volume on the History of Greece,
has these remarks : "It has been usual in modern times to at-
tribute this decline of population to the loss of independence ;
to the withering influence of a foreign yoke ; in a word, to
Roman misrule. But it seems certain that when the changes
thus occasioned are represented as the main causes of the de-
cline of population in Greece, their importance has been greatly
exaggerated ; while others, much more efficacious, have been
overlooked or disregarded. For, on the other hand, it is clear
that this decline did not begin at that epoch, but had been
going on for many generations before. It is evident, on the
whole, that the increase of population was not checked by op-
pression or by any calamity. The evil was not that the stream
of population was violently absorbed, but that it flowed feebly,
because there was an influence at work which tended to dry up
the fountain head. Marriages were rare and unfruitful, through
the prevalence of indifference, or aversion towards the duties
and enjoyments of domestic life. The historian traces this un-
healthy state of feeling to a taste for luxury and ostentation.
But this explanation, which could only apply to the wealthy,
seems by no means adequate to the result. The real cause
struck deeper, and was much more widely spread. Described
in general terms, it was a want of reverence for the order of
nature, for the natural revelation of the will of God ; and the
sanction of infanticide was by no means the most destructive
or the most loathsome form in which it manifested itself. This
cancer had been for many generations eating into the life
of Greece." What this cancer was, apart from infanticide,
the writer does not very clearly indicate ; but one thing is evi-
dent, that it was some violation of the laws of nature, thereby
defeating the intentions of the Almighty in the propagation of
man. The evil was so terrible, as, with kindred ones, to strike
a death-blow at the prosperity of Greece.
542 Lessons on Population. [Oct.
Are there not facts resembling the above in the history of
our own country ?^ May we not as a people be passing through
certain changes in population similar to those stated in these
extracts from the histories of Greece and Rome ? Let us see
what comparisons may be instituted.
First. That there has been a gradual decline in the relative
increase of our native population is very evident. Town and
family records show that the first settlers had on an average to
each family about eight children, and that this average has
steadily decreased with each generation ; so that from the best
statistics which can be obtained, it is doubtful whether the
average number of children to every married couple at the
present time exceeds three, certainly it does not reach four.
If we apply here a fact settled by mortuary statistics, that
about two fifths of all children born die before reaching adult life,
the chances for natural increase of population ,surely cannot be
large. Again, if a comparison is instituted between the annual
birth rate and death rate of our people, it will be seen at once
that the margin left for increase is very small. In fact, these
two great integers of life and death have for many years been
approaching nearer and nearer to each other. This change
has gained rapidly in the present century, and is becoming
more and more marked with each successive generation. If it
continues increasing half a century or more, what is to be the
result .'' And when the change reaches the point that the off-
spring do not make good in numbers the producing stock, will
not the ratio of decrease become much more rapid .-'
Again, while families consisting of eight or ten children were
once quite common, now they are found only here and there.
Formerly the number of married couples without offspring
was proportionately small ; but such families have every year
been constantly increasing, so much so, that it is estimated
that the number having no children, or only one, compose now
about one third of all New England families.
Closely connected with this topic, there is another ominous
feature of the times, viz., that the marriage rate is relatively
decreasing ; especially is this the case among the more intelli-
gent classes, and those favored with worldly means. In fact,
1 The local references in this paper apply more particularly to New England,
1 8/ 1.] Lessons on Population. 543
there are strong evidences to show, that the marriage institu-
tion itself, with all its sacred objects, as laid down in the formu-
las, whether prescribed by church or state, is treated every year
with less and less consideration. The relation is coming to be
viewed more and more in the light of a partnership ; as a
matter of convenience and comfort ; in other words, to be
based more and more upon the supremely selfish traits of hu-
man nature. As one of the elements entering into this ques-
tion, children are regarded as a burden and expense ; no in-
convenience or sacrifice can be submitted to for their sakes.
With some, at the outset, it is a settled question, a foregone
conclusion, to have no trouble from this source ; while with
others there is a fixed determination that the cares and re-
sponsibilities from such a quarter shall be very limited.
Again, connected with and partly growing out of this selfish
view of marriage, the sacredness and permanence of the insti-
tution set lightly upon such parties. Causes for divorce are
easily found. It makes a wonderful difference with the per-
manence of an institution, whether it be regarded as a matter
of individual, personal convenience, or as based upon a divine
command.
This decline in the marriage rate, and this growing insta-
bility of the institution, must have an influence upon the great
question of population. Besides, if divorces continue to mul-
tiply as they have done for a few years past, this will certainly
tend to weaken the relation, and make it more and more un-
stable. And there are agencies, if we mistake not, operating
in society, some silently, others more publicly, that look
strongly in this direction ; among which, some things uttered
by the advocates of Woman's Rights, so called, should not
escape notice. While it is admitted that woman has suffered
many wrongs in society, and that there are good grounds for
her greater improvement in health, employment, position,
etc., we fear the manner and spirit with which her claims, to-
gether with the right of suffrage, are sought to be obtained,
will have a tendency, in many cases, not only to prevent mar-
riage, but directly and indirectly will be instrumental in caus-
ing numerous divorces. In fact, some of the leaders in this
movement avow sentiments that are decidedly hostile to the
544 Lessons on Poptdation. [Oct.
sanctity and perpetuity of the marriage relation, and which
if practically carried out, would break up entirely the family
institution.
In this connection, it may not be improper to consider more
particularly that criminal practice which prevailed more or
less, both in Greece and Rome, and which is mentioned by
different writers as having had an influence in checking their
population, — and that, too, in spite of legislation, — viz., " in-
fanticide," or foeticide. The existence of this practice at the
present day is abundantly testified to, not in newspapers and
medical journals only, but by our statute books, which fail,
as of old, to eradicate the evil. Nor is this, perhaps, to be
so much wondered at, when we consider that in this, as in all
cases of "imperfect obligation," so called, it is difficult, perhaps
impossible, to reach the evil by acts of positive legislation.
Notwithstanding all the ef brts of legislators and philanthro-
pists, it still lurks among us in a variety of forms, doing its
deadly work, sometimes even showing a disposition to vindi-
cate itself in the face of day ; and in the opinion of many who
have investigated the subject most carefully, it has at the
present time a perceptible influence on population. But its
history, its extent, and its effects cannot well be traced here,
for the reason that, like certain social evils, it ordinarily shuns
the light ; it is personal, secret, occupying the very lowest
scale amongst the " deeds of darkness,"
And further, as it would be difficult to determine which are
the most common, tlie arts of prevention, or the acts of destruc-
tion, so it might be equally difficult to decide which are the
most pernicious ; but one thing is certain, they are all, in
motive, in inception, and in execution, criminal in the sight
of the Creator, They violate one of the most important of
his organic laws ; they aim to defeat one great, primary object
for which the sexes, as such, were created. Upon what other
class of sins (unless we may except idolatry) did the judgments
of God, as described in the Old Testament, fall with more
severity .? And in the case of Greece and Rome surely, these
judgments, which are the penalties of violated law, were not
withheld ! We say judgments, for certainly the consequences
of this practice were so mischievous and so fearful, that they
1 8/ 1.] Lessons on Population. 545
may well be styled judgments, — a direct retribution for crime
or disobedience. Can we expect that its influences will be
less pernicious in these latter days, or its consequences less
baleful ? Can we expect a change in the moral government
of God, or an amelioration of his judgments on such offences
in our own land and in our own times ? Most assuredly His
laws cannot be violated with impunity.
There is another class of facts connected with the history
of Greece and Rome, that has its parallel in some respects in
our own history. Both these nations were more or less filled
up by the transfer or emigration of people from other coun-
tries. This change of population was effected in part by war ;
but trade, education, and other attractions also drew large
numbers into Greece and Rome. This foreign or barbarian
element was much more prolific than that of the native in-
habitants of those two nations. Neither was there a mixing
up, or intermarrying to much extent, between the two classes.
As a natural consequence, the purely native stock declined
relatively in numbers, fading gradually away ; and not only
were they finally outnumbered, but they were overpowered
both in war and in every department of government, as well
as of society. This was their weakest point ; it stole upon
them so imperceptibly and covertly as to undermine the foun-
dations of society before they actually realized their situation
or danger.
Are there not changes going on quietly in New England
similar in some respects to the above .-• Within a half century
there has grown up already in Massachusetts a foreign ele-
ment by birth and parentage, equal to almost one third of its
whole population. This foreign element is increasing far
more rapidly than the native class, having relatively nearly one
third more births every year than the strictly American peo-
ple. This element in the States of Maine, New Hampshire,
and Vermont is as yet comparatively small, though steadily
increasing. But in Rhode Island and Connecticut it is much
larger, bearing to the American a similar proportion to what
it does in Massachusetts. Now, if the same relative increase
in the two classes continues fifty or one hundred years, what
a change will be wrought in the character of our population .''
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 4. 36
546 Lessons oji Population. [Oct.
If the young people from the native stock should continue
moving to the West and the South in the same proportion as
they have for the last twenty or thirty years, and should there
be the same decrease in births as there has been for the last
fifty years in the same class, there will certainly be great
changes, not only in numbers, but in power and influence. In
a republican government, it has been said, " brains rule."
This is true to some extent ; but there is a power which brains
do not always control, viz., ballots. Without forecasting or
prophesying anything further in this direction, which is not
at all agreeable, we leave the reader to draw his own inferences.
In view of the facts stated above, two questions naturally
arise: ist. What are the causes? and, 2d, What are to be
the results "i
It is true there is a wide difference between the civilization,
character, condition, etc., of the Grecians and Romans, and
that of our own people ; still there may be in some respects
certain resemblances, or similar physical developments, which
may lead to corresponding results. While we have no means
of obtaining definite knowledge of the physical organization of
these ancient people, the comparison can be carried on only
by general inferences. But human nature was the same two
thousand years ago as to-day ; its physical laws will ever remain
the same, and, to a certain extent, will always bear the same
fruits. In attempting to answer the questions here raised, we
can indicate only a few points, or suggest certain lines of in-
quiry ; time and space will not allow a complete exposition
of our theory on population, or a thorough discussion of the
subject in all its bearings. The facts stated above as to the
natural increase, or rather want of population, afford a favor-
able opportunity to explain and illustrate some points con-
nected with this theory.
The great law of propagation is based upon the perfect
development of man's physical organization. Such was the
intent and design of the Creator. Such is the nature and
necessity of the law as developed in human organism. This
perfection consists in a complete, harmonious development
and healthy action of all the organs in the system. And in
proportion as you depart from this harmony or balance, devel-
1 8/ 1.] Lessons on Population. 547
oping any particular class of organs to an abnormal or extreme
extent, this great law of propagation is at once affected. With
this change come in the laws of hereditary descent, which of
course have a powerful agency. To illustrate the theory, let
us take three different points of view.
Wherever are found the most harmonious development and
healthy action of all the organs in the human system, there
population will multiply the fastest, provided there is no viola-
tion of physical laws, other things being equal, such as climate,
food, etc. Illustrations of this class may be found among the
English, the Scotch, the Irish, the German, the Canadian
French, and the first settlers of New England.
Take now the extreme development of a purely animal na-
ture, where the mind has received but little or no cultivation,
and there is a deficiency in the nervous system and the finer
physical qualities. Here, in the direction of this gross and
sensual nature, God has wisely set limitations to the great law
of propagation, so that no such tribe or people can multiply or
flourish much through many generations. Illustrations of this
type may be found in certain tribes in Africa, in the South
Sea Islanders, and the North American Indians.
Let us now look at the other extreme in society, where
there is a great predominance of the nervous temperament.
Here the brain and the nervous system have been highly cul-
tivated for a long time to the neglect of other parts of the
body. Continued excitement and strain of all the mental
faculties, the refinements and fashions of an artificial state of
society, etc., gradually work a change, not only in the relations
between body and mind as a whole, but in the relative propor-
tions of the former, as well as in the different faculties of the
latter. There follows a loss of muscular power generally, as
well as deficiency in the vital forces, which depend upon a
well-developed, sanguine, and lymphatic temperament. The
reproductive organs suffer too, by becoming in some respects
enervated and relaxed, and again, by assuming a more arti-
ficial, irritable, and capricious character. In the case of
woman the change is specially marked. There is not only
increased liability to weakness and disease, but the organs
of gestation and lactation are particularly impaired, thereby
548 Lessons on Population. [Oct.
disabling her more or less for the bearing and nursing of
offspring. It affects also the marital relations, as well as the
parental and domestic. There is not found in such an organ-
ization the same instinctive fondness of children, and willing-
ness to make sacrifices for them. Instead of love of home,
domestic work, and care of children, there is the craving
for excitement, fondness for society, devotion to fashion, am-
bition for public life, etc. It is needless to say that such
changes affect powerfully the great law of propagation.
The Greeks and Romans, so far as we can judge of their
physical organizations, were striking specimens of this type
of character ; and probably no other people approximate so
nearly towards the same physical standard as the present
inhabitants of New England. It does not follow that external
influences or the character of a people should be precisely the
same in all respects, to produce similar changes or effects in
physical organization. The agents may vary in a variety of
ways, but the results in the main correspond. In the extracts
referring to the fall of Greece and Rome there are two points
to which we invite particular attention. Prof Seeley says of
Rome, the cause was ''physical, not a moral decay " ; that it
was manifested in the " want of population," which arose from
a " period of sterility," a " general reluctance to rear families."
Now, what was " this principle of decay," if it was not a
change in physical organization, which in some way interfered
with the great law of propagation } There certainly must be
such a law based somewhere in the human constitution,
whether the theory here advanced be correct or not. A dis-
tinguished French writer makes this remark, that "just in
proportion as individuals or a community become perfected
in civilization, in the same proportion the race inclines to run
out." The truth of this statement — the result of extended
observation — is based upon the fact, that an undue or great
predominance of the nervous temperament, especially if it
exists in both parties, is decidedly unproductive, and that the
evil is manifested in a variety of ways. This fact can clearly
be proved from the laws of physiology, and is abundantly con-
firmed by illustrations from history and every-day life. It is
a fundamental law, applicable not only to the human race, but,
1 8/ 1.] Lessons on Population. 549
in a certain degree, to the whole animal creation. In attempts
to perfect the breed of domestic animals, it has been found
that there were limits beyond which the law of propagation
cannot go without extinguishing the stock.
The point referred to in Greece was an " aversion to mar-
riage," an " unwillingness to raise up children," arising from
"an extravagantly high standard of comfortr The cause here
assigned, in remarkably striking language, is one full ol
meaning, and if it had such an influence with the Greeks, it
certainly has, at the present day, a more powerful influence
upon our people.
As to the nervous temperament, if only here and there
one had a great predominance, its effect on population would
be very limited ; but when it comes to this, that all or nearly
all the community have such an organization, its effect on-
human increase is powerful. So when nearly every individual
is seeking supremely that " extravagantly high standard of
comfort," with all the energy, perseverance, and ingenuity
he can command, many things standing in the way of it
must and will be sacrificed. If the marriage or parental re-
lation is thought in any way to conflict with this object, it
must be sacrificed.
As a people, we have set up a " high standard of comfort,"
that is extravagant and too expensive ; it has too many wants,
and requires such an amount of physical stamina and brain
power as to result in premature exhaustion. This standard
is based too much on mere wealth, and the selfish nature, of
man ; it is not calculated to develop harmoniously, or in the
most healthy manner, all parts of the human body ; nor to aid,
as it should, in developing the moral and religious character
of man in accordance with the revealed will of God.
As to the results of such a type of organization, they were
determined, in the case of Greece and Rome, near two thou-
sand years ago, — the former flourishing some six hundred
years, and the latter five hundred. It is now two hundred and
fifty years since the first settlement of New England, and as
a people, we are already reaching a crisis — a culminating
point in history — where it is becoming a question whether
there is from year to year any actual increase or not of native
5 so Lessons on Popiilatioji. [Oct.
population. And if a decline once commence, the decrease
may be rapid. We cannot well deceive ourselves if we would,
for there are agents or causes working gradually and quietly,
which seriously threaten the best interests of our people. Is
there not a "principle of decay" operating to destroy the
vitality and perpetuity of the Puritan stock .'' Must the histo-
rian ascribe its downfall to ignominious causes, similar to
those which wrought the ruin of Greece and Rome .■' Can
there not be brought to bear redeeming influences from the
family, the school, the church, or the press, sufficient to prevent
a result so sad and inglorious .■' It may not be inappropriate to
apply here the old maxim in reference to another department
of the divine government, " Though the mills of the gods grind
slowly, yet they grind exceeding small."
Nathan Allen.
Lowell, Mass.
About 1380, Wycliffe completed a translation of the Bible
into English, — the first ever made public. " It was not made
for his own use, but for the enlightenment of his country. His
object was to throw the broad blaze of revelation upon the cor-
ruptions of the Church, to expose before his fellow-men the
errors and superstitions into which they had fallen, and to dis-
close to their view the narrow path which they had missed.
The numerous copies of Wycliffe's translation preserved for
four centuries and a half, attest the early publicity of his ver-
sion, and the diligent means employed for the multiplication of
transcripts. It may safely be affirmed that not one of the
partial versions previously made, had ever been as widely
diffiised as this ; and it was the formation of the bold idea of
its general circulation, and the execution of the daring and
unexampled project, that constitute the peculiar and glorious
characteristic of the reformer's enterprise." — Bagster's Eng-
lish Hexapla.
18/ 1.] Revivals. 551
REVIVALS : HOW DISCERNED AND PROMOTED.
• The attention of the church and of the world, especially in
these later years, has been turned to what are called " Revivals
of Religion," and all have been inclined to discuss them freely.
The majority of the churches of our land look for revivals,
and pray for them with more or less intensity of desire and
hope.
The majority of pastors, too, long for seasons of special
spiritual refreshing and ingathering among the people where
their love and labor centre. Not a few, reading of revivals in
adjacent regions, or witnessing the unusual converting and
redeeming energies of God, look with sorrow upon the dearth
and desolation of their own fields, and cry, " O, Lord ! how
long ! "
There has come to be a general impression that'revivals may
be sought in the use of special means, and may be expected.
Whatever may be our theory in regard to the uniform, unfal-
tering zeal and activity and hope and life of the people of
God, or in regard to the result upon the world of this devo-
tion ; whatever may be the possibilities of the church as to her
enriching harvests through all the months and years, — the
fact is, that the history of the church has been one of revivals.
It may be said, indeed, that the church of Christ, in the
New Dispensation, was born in a revival, whose power and
pervasiveness and remarkable developments shook all the east-
ern world, and has been characterized ever since as the " Penti-
costal blessing." This revival was immediately succeeded by
others of a kindred nature, and, through all these eighteen
centuries, the work of evangelization and redemption, though
steadily progressing, has, nevertheless, been marked with un-
equal energies and results among the peoples and the nations.
Thus, the phrase, " revival of religion," has been adopted, and
the idea has been accepted, as expressive of God's method of
enlarging his church and saving souls.
The word " revival " has literal and primary reference to the
church, and means a reliving of her members. It does not
imply that the church, preceding this awakening, is absolutely
552 Revivals. [Oct.
dead ; but that the distinctive features of Christian enjoyment
and activity are feeble in their presence and power, and that
these have been quickened, so that the people of God are con-
sciously and manifestly awake to their own good and the good
of the world about them.
The word " revival," in the popular sense of the term, means
an unusual turning of the world's attention to the claims of
Christ and the welfare of the soul. Thus, the revival about
which we think and talk and write and pray, is always asso-
ciated with numerous inquirers and numerous conversions.
This is what many of the churches of our land in these last
years have been experiencing, what all our churches need,
and, it may be added, what God is willing to grant, if his people
will seek Him with their whole heart.
Now, it is undoubtedly true that God sometimes signifies his
willingness to revive his work, and, indeed, calls his people to
renewed exertion and hope, when they do not discern His
presence and voice, and so fail of the refreshing.
It becomes, therefore, an exceedingly important question,
What are the mdications of a revival as approaching, and to
be enjoyed, if the ways and will of God are rightly inter-
preted .-*
In seeking to answer this question, it hardly need be said
that these indications are so various and manifold and dis-
similar, that no comprehensive answer can be given. These
foreshadowings, however, and prophetic possibilities, may be
classed under two general heads.
I. Those which are confined to the church.
II. Those which are confined to the people of the world.
Among those indications confined to the church, and promi-
nent among them all, is the desire of Christians, few or many,
that God would come and work savingly among them.
This desire, for a time, may be confined to a few, and per-
haps to only one in all the church ; but is, nevertheless, pro-
phetic.
It has been born of God for a special end, and gathers about
it an intensity of meaning.
In a certain church of Ohio, blessed a few years since with
one of the most extensive and thorough revivals ever experi-
1 87 1.] Revivals. 553
enced in the State, this desire of which I am speaking
seemed to be the inheritance and burden of the pastor alone
through weary and wakeful weeks. He waited anxiously and
hopefully for others to express it ; but waited and prayed in
vain. At last he called the officers of the church together,
and opened unto them his heart.
They were good men, and loved the church, but had felt no
unusual desire in this direction, and therefore were not pre-
pared to counsel him or to give him hope. The pastor asked
them if they would meet with him for a half hour every morn-
ing, and pray for the outpouring of the Spirit. They cheerfully
consented; and every morning, for a week and more, they bowed
in his study and prayed together. But there was no soul-
quickening, no special sense of spiritual destitution, no moving
anxiety, not even any remarkable fervency in prayer.
One morning, however, the voice of the petitioner began to
tremble, and his eyes to fill. Soon his emotion became so deep
and overpowering that the prayer of words was lost in the
sublimer prayer of tears. The next, bending beside him, took
up the petition, but soon faltered and ceased, in the same un-
controlloble emotion. Then the next, and the next, attempted
prayer, and failed, till there was no voice in that sacred place
save the inarticulate voice of tears, and the voice of God
answering back that his children had been heard and had
prevailed.
Here was the beginning of a work of grace that was glorious
in its results on earth, and will be memorable in heaven forever.
Its first foreshadowing, so far as any knowledge has come to
me, was in this desire possessing the pastor's heart. After these
days of conversation and prayer, all the officers were burdened
with it. Then the church caught the spirit ; and then souls
came flocking to Christ till the whole city was moved, and
marvellous results were wrought.
In another church of this same State, more recently, and
almost equally refreshed, the pastor found, in his visitations, a
mother in Israel, who said one day, " I am burdened for souls,
and it seems as if my prayer for a revival cannot be denied."
Not long after, the pastor found another oppressed with the
same unutterable desire, and still another. There might have
554 Revivals. [Oct.
been others ; but these three, each aged and feeble, and unable
to engage in any active, outside service, told him the story of
their burden, and rejoiced him in the prophecy thus proclaimed.
They were counselled to meet together for consultation and
prayer as often as they could, and, as far as practicable, to
communicate their feelings to the various members of the
church. The result was, that soon others began to feel and
to express unusual desire in the same direction, and in a few
short weeks, the Lord granted them a glorious visitation.
From all ages and classes and professions they came confess-
ing Christ, and the church was girded with a love and strength
it never had before.
Had not this desire been cherished and encouraged and
communicated, it is possible and probable that no extensive
revival would have been enjoyed, if, indeed, there had been any
conversions. These two cases have been cited because, above
all others, they have been familiar to the writer ; and because
it is believed they illustrate the general foreshadowings of a
revival.
Now, it is exceedingly important that this desire for a re-
vival, by whomsoever felt in the church, should not only be
cherished, but be made known. No coldness on the part of
the church in general ; no fear that sympathy will be sought
in vain ; no discouragements of time or place, should ever lead
them whom the Spirit has impressed, to be silent or hopeless.
The pastor of the church, should know the desire ; if it is not
born in him, but others feel it, they should freely and fully
state it. If, from any peculiarity of theory or of experience,
he who ministers at the altar has no sympathy to give, then
others should be sought, and to them the story told. At all
events, the soul that is thus oppressed should make it known,
and all who are in sympathy should co-operate in special prayer
and work, remembering, if it have application, the blessed
promise that where " two are agreed," they shall be heard and
answered.
Following close upon this desire, if it be cherished and
made known, and embodied in practical exertion, will usually
be found the still more prophetic foreshadowings oi faith.
To these praying and working ones will be given courage and
1 87 1.] Revivals. 555
hope and assurance. They will begin to feel and speak as if
the blessing was near. They will have, indeed, the blessing oh
themselves ; and when this comes, the holy fire will spread
until the world is attfacted by its flame.
I remember well an aged woman who was about to leave
the church and the State for the following half year, but who
said, " I am almost persuaded to sacrifice my visit, for I am
assured the Lord is coming to his people here." There were
no indications at that time of any gracious visitation, save in
the desire of a few, which, in her case, had ripened into faith ;
but the Lord did come, and her own children were among the
first to receive the blessing.
IL In regard to the second class of indications, — those dis-
coverable among the people of the world, — it is sometimes the
case that a revival is heralded by an isolated conviction and
conversion, when the church, through and through, is cold and
dead. Under the silent and mysterious operations of the Spirit
of God, some soul is singled out oppressed with a sense of sin,
and is lead to ask of the church, "What shall I do to be
saved .-• " The church is startled ; is covered with a feeling of
shame and ignorance, and inability to help, and becomes as
deeply conscious of its work as is the inquiring sinner who
stands and seeks the way, " Can it be," the members ask,
" that God is here } " " Oh, how unprepared we are ! " they
tearfully exclaim ; and so, by the very shock, and revelation of
inquiry, the attention of the church is called to their sin and
this their unfaithfulness. If they discern the voice and heed
it, they take themselves to their altars and their closets, make
confession in the public place, and the attention of the world
is thus secured. As a result of this, those who have thought
little of their need of Christ, who have shunned, perhaps, the
means of grace, will be impressed by what they hear and see ;
will begin to discuss the great question of their soul allegiance,
and the Holy Spirit will lead them, one by one, to the healing
fountain.
It is safe to say that the church is the channel of divine
communication and blessing to the world; that God works
through his chosen people in the redemption of the soul. But
it is not safe to say that a particular church is always used of
556 Revivals. [Oct.
God to begin the revival with which it is blessed. A start-
ling providence, or family affliction, or energy from God,
for which no human cause in all the region can be found, may
cause the conversion of some single soul that shall impress the
church and the world around, leading to remarkable results.
The mission of the church is to discern the signs of the times.
There is another question arising here, of the utmost practi-
cal importance to pastors and to churches.
How shall the revival, evidently begun, be best promoted f
All admit that human wisdom is to be used and human work
is to be done. The Spirit may be grieved away, and the world
may be disgusted by the misguided zeal of God's own people.
This is, doubtless, often the result, in the midst of foolish ma-
chinery and wild excitement, when men seem to dictate to
God his method and time of work, or appeal only to the emo-
tional in men. Religion is principle, and not emotion. There
will be emotion more or less in all conversions. But the gen-
uine, lasting thing, is a new principle implanted in the heart,
by the grace and Spirit of God. It is time for the church and
the world to accept this doctrine, and in all efforts to save or
be saved, to act upon it. The service of God, in the truest,
divinest sense, is man's " reasonable service " ; not reasonable
only in that it is promotive of the highest human good ; but
reasonable in that the wants of the soul, the provision and
claims of Christ, are deliberately and calmly considered, as are
all other great questions of life.
It is an inquiry, then, of no trivial nature, how can we best
co-operate with God, who waits to work redeemingly among
us } I almost fear to touch this point, because the condition
of the church, the peculiarities of the world, the adaptation of
pastor and people to special modes of work, and a score of
other things, are so various. No rule can be established as to
the number and character of public services ; no plan can be
adopted beforehand, no programme can be pre-arranged. The
grand essential is, for the chnrch to discern and follow the lead-
ings of the Spirit of God. And it may be remembered, that
that Spirit will suggest and prompt and lead in the best and
divinest way, if the people are prayerful and attentive and
willing.
i87T.] Revivals. 557
Among other things, however, as exceedingly important and
really essential, it may be suggested, —
I. That Christians should feel and should work in the abid-
ing conviction, that God, not matt, converts souls.
He hears prayer. He blesses effort. He uses men in this
glorious work. He makes means effectual. But He, himself^
by his own divine Spirit, gives birth to souls. There may be
noise ; there may be violent emotion ; there may even be tem-
porary peace wrought by the exciting agencies of men. But
the genuine passage from death to life is the result of the
conviction and help and leadership of the Holy Spirit of
God.
In all thought and work to win souls, this must be remem-
bered. God wants our energies. He has constituted us co-
laborers with Him. He surrounds us with glorious privileges,
and endows us with wondrous possibilities. Success has been
promised to crown our humble efforts. But the work is God's,
and the glory must be given to Him. Without Him, we can
do nothing.
It is therefore essential :
II. TJiat the cJmrch should make much of prayer, prayer
especially for the Holy Spirit, and the apprehension of His will.
In all the public services of the church, in all private visita-
tions, in all homes and all closets, prayer should be humble
and fervent and full of faith. No work should be undertaken
without prayer for guidance and help. No human agencies
should be relied upon. Up to God the eye and heart of his
people should turn, imploringly and trustingly. There should
be special and united prayer, too, for individual men, present or
absent, as the case may be, concerning whom, from any cause,
there is felt a special interest. Separate days may properly
and profitably be set apart for prayer and work for one and
another, as the Lord shall direct. Never should Christians
allow themselves to forget the eternal truth, that God alone
can save sinners, and that he has appointed prayer unto this
gracious end.
Did the limits of this article permit, numerous illustrations
could be given of the power of special prayer, and the result
of special days devoted to it : when all the people bowed before
5S8 Revivals. [Oct.
God, and plead his promises. But the reader, of any breadth
of Christian experience or observation, will be able to recall
such illustrations, and so I pass to notice, —
III. That the ambassador of Christ should exalt his work
as a preacJier of the word^ and all the people should feel com-
missioned to tell the " Story of the Cross."
It is not enough for the world to feel their need of Christ.
The way to Him, so plain to us who have been led into it, is
oftentimes the darkest, most mysterious way ; not only to
children, but to men of education and of culture ; men who, all
their life long, have been trained in Gospel truth. Strange as
it may seem to us, the alphabet of Christianity has not been
learned by the multitudes about us. Many who have studied
the " philosophy of the plan of salvation," who have intelligent
and correct views of the great doctrines of salvation, yet, under
conviction of sin, have no knowledge of the redeeming plan.
They confess their need of Christ ; but " how to find Him," as
they say, " What to do .-' " and " What are the hopeful evi-
dences of conversion .-* " are to them the unanswerable ques-
tions. Often to the full-grown man the way is darker and
more mysterious than to the trusting child.
Thus, there is need of the Gospel, in all its simplicity ; not
need of the weightier doctrines that dawn on riper experience
and are evolved thereby ; but need of the " old, old story, of
Jesus and his love."
Of course, there should be declared the exceeding sinfulness
of sin, the enormous guilt of rebellion against God and re-
jection of Christ, and the fearful danger of delay. All the
great doctrines and truths of revelation may have their place
in a revival. But the body of truth presented should be the
claims of God, the love of Christ, the duty of immediate ac-
ceptance and confession. Pastor and people, in public and
private, " should persuade men," drawing all encouragement
from the promises of God and the experiences of his people.
Much also should be made oi personal ejfott, from house to
house, in which the whole church, as far as may be, should
engage.
IV. In regard to public services, their time, their character,
their number, no rule can be estabhshed. These must be left
1 8/ 1.] Revivals. 559
somewhat to the habits and the judgments and the practica-
bilities of the church and of the people. It should, however,
be borne in mind that much is gained in holding the thought
and the heart of man steadily to the subject
Often the dissipating and counteracting influences of the
world weaken religious impressions and resolutions, where they
would be deepened and ripened, if men were called daily to the
house of prayer.
Some of the most pervasive and permanent revivals have
resulted from morning and evening meetings, for weeks and
months together ; and many revivals, I doubt not, have been
curtailed in their breadth and power by the fear of pastor or
people to multiply the means of grace.
My own experience and observation induce me to say, that
early morning meetings for conference and prayer are of pre-
eminent value. In many extensive revivals with which I have
been acquainted, nearly all the converts gave their first testi-
mony of love to Christ, and consecration to His service, in the
inspiratipn and freedom of these morning meetings. But the
time and number of public services must be regulated by the
possibilities of the people. It is safe, however, to say that God
calls his people in revivals, to increase their activities, and to
supply the demand of inquirers, according as they need instruc-
tion or exhortation or encouragement. Thus, one service may
be given up wholly to preaching, another to prayer, and another,
with great advantage, to the narration of Christian experience.
Sometimes all these features may be combined in that order
which the Spirit of God shall prompt. Some of the most im-
pressive and effective meetings with which the writer has ever
been familiar, have been wholly devoted to the story of con-
versions. Such as had been long in the Christian life would go
back to their own consecration, mention the difficulties they
met, and the way they overcame them, tell of their miscon-
ceptions and mistakes ; thus there would be given a variety of
personal experience adapted to the varying wants of inquirers
present.
A meeting here and there may properly and wisely be given
up to exhortations and to song. The remark that "souls are
sung into heaven, as well as prayed there," has much of truth
560 Revivals. [Oct.
in it. The power of song upon the heart is beyond our esti-
mate. Under the inspiration of such words as, —
Come to Jesus, just now :
He will save you, just now."
Or, " We are travelling home to heaven above,
Will you go ? "
Or, " Shall we gather at the river ? "
Or, " Say brothers, will you meet us ? "
results have been wrought that were perfectly amazing. That
church, therefore, mistakes which does not make much of song
in revivals, and which does not use the inspiring words and
tunes, born and baptized in the midst of glorious awakenings.
V. It is exceedingly important that such as are anxious,
should have the opportunity of expressing it publicly, and
should be induced to commit themselves in the presence of the
church and the world. God demands confession. It is the
divine economy, that, beyond the direct blessing which the
confession brings, the energy of one's own decision is aug-
mented by declaring it to the world. A request for prayer, ox
an indication in any way that prayer is desired, is in itself a
help. So the public announcement of a decision, when the
soul has reached it, will be found of almost infinite advan-
tage, not only in stimulating God's people, but in strength-
ening the soul itself. This, therefore, should always be
encouraged ; and it should be remembered, that in the place
and among the people of prayer, when the Spirit is present,
and Christians are alive with love, and unchristian hearts are
moved, there are helps to this decision which will be wanting
at other times and places. It should be remembered, too, that
the point of decision is the turning-poijtt of the soul's life.
Let pastor and people, then, insist with all tenderness and
earnestness, upon immediate and open surrender and confession.
And let all encourage the sinner to believe that when this
surrender is made unconditionally and fully, Christ accepts
the offering. It may not be all light and peace and joy at
once ; but salvation has come, and the evidences will follow.
I cannot close this article, without urging upon my dear
iS/i.] Revivals. 561
brethren in the ministry, the importance of watching over each
new convert, and giving him sonietJiing to do for the Master.
The fruits of many a revival have been meagre, and the lives
of the converts barren, and the church but little strengthened
by the additional numbers, because these " lambs of the fold "
have been left alone. Conversion is not the end, but the begin-
ning of the Christian life. The work of the new-born soul is
not done, but only begun. All those whom God gives his people,
therefore, should be encouraged to participate in public services
of a social character. They should speak and work for Jesus.
Upon every one should be placed responsibility. Unto every
one should be given definite work, and over every one should
be exercised the watch-care of the deepest love. The demand
of our age and land is for workers in the vineyard of the Lord ;
and the church will never gird herself with might until this
demand is met. Thus those, whose love is fresh and sparkling,
whose hope is sweet and satisfying, whose faith is vigorous and
strong, should be taught to bring all their blessed gifts to the
work of winning souls.
These pages have been written, not so much with the thought
of instructing ministers, as with the thought of calling their
attention to some of the methods of God's working, and to some
of the methods of man's helping. And they have been written
with the hope and prayer that pastors and people, recently re-
freshed, may receive yet larger blessings ; and that those who
are sighing over the desolations of Israel, may be encouraged
to look for a revival, and labor for it in the coming months.
J. E. TWITCHELL.
East Cleveland, Ohio,
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 4. 37
562
Andover Catalogue, 1810.
[Oct.
CATALOGUE
OF THE
STUDENTS
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ANDOVER,
JULY, 1 8 10.
SENIOR CLASS.
Names.
Residence.
Graduated.
Ephraim Abbot
Concord N. H.
Harvard
1806.
Winthrop Bailey
Berlin
Harvard
1807.
John R. Crane
Newark N. J.
Nassau Hall
1805.
Hooper Cumming
Newark N. J.
Nassau Hall
1805.
Abel Cutler
Sudbury
Williams
1807.
John Field
Hardwick
Williams
1807.
John Frost
Sandgate Vt.
Middlebury
1806.
Adoniram Judson
Plymouth
Brown
1807.
Samuel T. Mills
Saybrook Conn.
Yale
1807.
Samuel Newell
Roxbury
Harvard
1807.
Samuel Nott
Franklin Conti.
Union
1808.
Gamaliel S. Olds
Marlborough Vt.
Willia/ns
1801.
Samuel Parker
Ashfield
Williams
1806.
Sylvester Selden
Chatham Conn.
Williams
1807.
Richard S. Storrs
Long Meadow
Williatns
1807.
Nathaniel Swift
Warren Conn,
Williams
1806.
MIDDLE CLASS.
John Bascom
Chester
Williams
1807.
John Chandler
Elizabethtown N. J.
Yale
1808.
Seth Chapin
Mendon
Brown
1808.
Daniel A. Clark
Railway N. J.
Nassau Hall
1808.
Joseph W. Clary
Hartford N. V.
Middlebury
1808.
1871.]
Andover Catalogue, 1810.
563
Jonathan Cone
Matthew R. Button
Darius O. Griswold
Gordon Hall
Richard Hall
John Kimball
Jeremiah Mayhew
John Patten
Josiah Peet
Benjamin Rice
Ezekiel Rich
Abraham M. Smith
Ebenezer P. Sperry
William A. Tompson
Comfort Williams
Timothy Woodbridge
Colchester Conn.
Watei'town Conn.
Goshen Conn,
Granville
New Haven Vt.
Haftover N'. H.
New Bedford
Topsham Maine.
West Haven Vt.
Sturbridge
Greenwich
E. Ha7npton, N. V.
Cornwall Vt.
Berwick Maine.
Wethersfield Conn.
Stockbridge
Yale
Yale
Williams
Williajns
Middlebiiry
Dartmouth
Brown
Bowdoin
Middlebiijy
Brown
Brown
Yale
Middlebury
Bowdoin
Yale
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1807.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
1808.
John Brown
Garrett G. Brown
John F. Clark
Joshua Dean
John W. Ellingwood
Micaiah Fairfield
Cyrus W. Gray
Jacob Ida
Jonathan Lee
Samuel J. Mills
Ansel Nash
Luther Rice
James Richards
Robert C. Robbins
John F. Schermerhorn
Edward Warren
William R. Weeks
Stephen M. Wheelock
Simeon Woodruff
JUNIOR CLASS.
Brooklyn Conn.
Bethlem Conn.
N. Brunswick N. y.
Tatcnton
Beverly
Pittsford Vt.
Sharoft Conn.
Attleborough
Salisbury Conn.
Torringford Conn.
Williamsburgh
Northboro7tgh
Plainfield
Colchester Conn.
Schenectady N. Y.
Marlborough
Steuben N. Y.
Rutland Vt.
Litchfield Conn.
Dartmouth 1 809.
Yale 1809,
Nassau Hall 1807.
Brown 1 809.
Middlebtiry 1 809.
Williams 1809.
Brown 1 809.
Yale 1809.
Williams 1 809.
Williams 1 809.
Williams 18 10.
Williatns 1809.
Williams 1809.
Union 1 809.
Middlebury 1808.
Nassau Hall 1809.
Burlington 1809.
Yale 1 809.
[The above is a verbatim reprint of a catalogue found among the collec-
tions of the late Rev. Dr. Israel W. Putnam, and now in the possession of
Rev. A. H. Quint ; except that we have prefixed the title, and the names
of the classes. It was, evidently, originally a " broadside," but Dr.
Putnam cut it up, and pasted each class on paper, so as to make an octavo
564 Andover Catalogue, 18 10. [Oct.
pamphlet, which is bound in a volume with other pamphlet catalogues
The date of printing seems to be fixed as in the summer of 18 10, from the
following internal eviaence : it gives the class of 1810 (the Senior class
above) precisely as it graduated in September, 1810 ; it inserts no names
but those of persons who had been admitted (as of MSS. entry on these
pages) prior to July, 18 10; it omits the names of all who had been mem-
bers, but who had left prior to Jaly, 1810 ; and it includes, in the lower
classes, names of persons who died after that date, one of whom died in
Jan. 181 1. No names of professors are given in the Jrt"///^ /j'/^ (which is
very old in style), but Dr. Putnam supplied the names (with title of cata-
logue) from a later "broadside." Dr. Putnam continued this substitute
for a triennial, by cutting up a "broadside" of Sept. 1813. He added to
each class the names of those who had been members, but who did not
complete t!ie course ; and also ages, dates of admission, and subsequent
occupation.]
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 565
THE STATE, AND RELIGION IN ITS SCHOOLS.
The history of popular education begins with the Christian
era. Paganism, as far as it had a method, ceased to educate the
youth when Christianity began to do it. The Romans did
not look with favor upon public instruction. They believed the
work were better done at home, or, at least, under parental di-
rection ; and notwithstanding Pliny's familiar letter on the plan
for a school for boys, the Roman policy was very much that
of Montaigne, who, in one of his essays, expresses the opinion
that education implies at least one tutor to one scholar, and
refers to what he considered the very absurd recent attempts
of a rattle-brained schemer to lump a dozen boys together in
one room, and teach them all at once. The position of the
Greeks was different. Aristotle recognized the education of
the youth as one of the functions of the state. Luther was
not more clear on the point, nor the men of Hartford, in 1642,
He even recognized the common interest of all citizens in the
work as the basis of a general taxation. With Christianity, how-
ever, the real history of education begins. To the impulse to
redeem the world, society owes the attempt to cultivate it.
The church saw its duty in this matter as early as the third
and fourth century ; and if the method adopted was not what
we consider the best, it was, at least, the best which was known
in those times. It is praise enough for the Christian fathers
that they discovered the unknown land, and, with what instru-
ments and ideas they had, set to work to possess it.
Their schooling was, no doubt, mainly ecclesiastical, but in
time the learned faculties grew up from it ; and it does not
detract from the honor which belongs to those efforts that
they were made at first under a religious impulse, and with a
view to promotion and usefulness in the church. Gradually
the cry for a humanistic culture arose. This was to be ex-
pected and to be desired. The true and intended direction of
the divine religion was not, indeed, to be secularized itself, but
to affect and leave secularity. The Saviour pointed to the
world as the destined field of Christianity, and it would have
566 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
been a reproach to the Gospel had it not displayed an ability
to reach the lay masses as well as the ecclesiastic, and to call
out in the minds of its pupils the desire to be trained in all
knowledge, as well as in a definitely religious culture.
It was natural, also, that the demand for this kind of training
should come from laymen and not from churchmen ; and the
fact that it did arise in this quarter, instead of showing that the
light was expiring, proves that it was growing. The sunlight
of Christian truth was taking effect on new regions of mind,
and awakening in them, also, a desire to be nourished. The
churchmen may not have comprehended the movement. But
as friends of religion they had no reason for alarm when the
nobles began to demand, very generally, a more humanistic
culture for their children, instead of one which was chiefly
designed to fit them for the church.
Protestantism came into the world as a plea for laymen.
Professor Draper very justly places the De imitatione Christi
among the precursors of the Reformation, and remarks that to
understand the commotion it made we should entitle it "Every
man his own priest." Luther made a similar plea for education.
He praised the study of nature, and censured Erasmus for de-
preciating it. He declares that music is good to drive away the
devil, and that it is a shame not to know natural science. So
dim was the knowledge of the times on this subject, that the
only illustration which occurred to him in support of his position
was the shame that children should not comprehend the process
by which the peach-stone in germination bursts its shell. Yet
here stands the fact that Luther desired to have natural science
studied in the public schools. All honor to him for this, al-
though, as we read his few and groping words, and compare
them with what Herbert Spencer has written on the same sub-
ject, it is like passing from the era of the Jewish prophets into
the light of Christianity.
There is not time to trace, even briefly, the advance of this
humanistic element in modern education. And yet we should,
at least, remark how strong it had grown by the time of Mon-
taigne. His two essays on the subject betray in about equal
degrees an absence of systematic conception, and a recognition
of the coming downfall of the old methods and of the general
1 87 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 567
principles on which the new was to be built. In the reign of
Louis the XIV, Fenelon, the sweetest, the truest, and the most
Christian spirit of the age, devoted himself to the subject with
far broader and higher views, and with thorough method. Had
he placed himself in open opposition to the spirit of the age,
and been recognized as in any sense a destructive, the genera-
tion who followed him, and especially Rousseau, might have
been more ready to acknowledge his leadership. The educa-
tional progressives who followed him might then have seen what
it has since required, — the courage and penetration of a Von
Raumer to point out that Pestalozzi, in the leading and per-
manent features of his system, was but the disciple of Fene-
lon. But the archbishop of Cambray was not only profoundly
imbued with faith; he was also a Jansenist, and held those
views of human nature, and of the work of the Gospel in it,
which St, Paul represented among the apostles, and, among
the fathers, St. Augustine. These views affected his theory of
education so far, that, while he allied it with humanistic culture,
and would carry it on in a gentle and natural manner, he did
not proceed on the principles subsequently avowed by the pro-
gressives. He did not believe that human nature held in itself
the germs of the redeemed estate, nor that education was little
more than a process of development carried on by those who,
having more experience, were able to put the lad of sixteen
years where they themselves were at the age of thirty. These
views excluded Fenelon from the authorities who weighed with
Rousseau, and may account for his overlooking him and going
back to the hints of Montaigne.
Montaigne was not the author of a system. But, like Cole-
ridge in recent philosophy, he was a great master of fertile
suggestion. He received what Von Raumer calls the Pelagian
view of education ; and Rousseau, who, more than any other
man of his time, stirred Europe with the call for a new educa-
tion, adopted for his point de depart the most essential of his
maxims. Lord Bacon defined art to be " man added to things."
The essence of Rousseau's theory was, that education is man
added to the child. Thus Rousseau gave himself to what has
been called the Pelagian pedegogy.
The first overwhelming attack on the old system was made
568 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
in the Emile. Rousseau was a genius. He displayed that
strange approach to insanity which not a few revolutionary
and recreating men have shown ; as, for example, Comte
and Mahomet. It is not easy to reduce what he says to order.
Like the Ionian orators who came to the Spartan king, the
beginning of his speech and the middle goes for nothing,
but the end is greatly to the point. He brings out here
and there certain great fecundating ideas. Like Montaigne,
he undervalued both home and culture, and placed too much de-
pendence on tutors. In the work now alluded to, he enters on a
formal theory of the formation of the life of man. He acknowl-
edges that he is corrupt (by heathenism and not by a fall)
and that he must be regenerated, — not by grace, however, but
by education. He remarks that revolutions might change
society and yet be useless, for the reason that they had not
changed the individual soul. This is the work of education. It
was, he says, man vitiated by heathenism — the human soul,
and not society directly — that the Gospel came to reform.
He takes up the relation of the state to the subject. He
repudiates the opinion that there ever was, or ever can be
founded, a state in which religion does not serve as the basis.
He propounds the theory of a civil religion, but limits it to
those general dogmas which are common to all states, and the
foundations of all creeds. What they are he does not define,
but asserts somewhat magniloquently (for Rousseau was a great
dogmatist in his way, as these progressives are apt to be), " that
they are the necessary emanation of the human conscience."
Substituting these shadowy propositions for what he calls
local and partial dogmas, he founds the religion of the citizen
and of the state ; not the religion of the individual, with
which the state has nothing to do. This religion of the citizen
he proclaims in the name of the sovereign, not in the name
of God, which he disclaims the right to do, — and not as
dogmas of salvation, but as principles of sociability, with-
out which it is impossible for society to exist. The civil
creed is, in his view, the basis on which private conscience can
build what it pleases. Sects are free ; but the sovereign has
the right to banish any who refuse to subscribe to the civil
creed, not because they are impious (a question with which the
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 569
state has nothing to do), but because they are the enemies of
human society.
On these principles, Rousseau would have the state regulate
the public education. He maintained that education belonged
to the state, and not to the church ; that teachers should be
laymen, and, generally, married. He wished nature to be used
as text-book, and the humanistic culture introduced, as well as
exercises of address and strength, and scholars to be taught to
observe, and be self-reliant. Manual labor should be made at-
tractive and be required. (Hence Voltaire's sneer at the gentle-
man carpenter of Rousseau.) Practical ideas should be given
by things themselves. Singing, drawing, ideas of utility, such
as reading, writing, reckoning ; ideas of history, in the form of
narratives without book or date ; and when the child reaches a
sufficient age, instruction in morality, religion, and duty in gen-
eral, were to complete the course.
Such was substantially the revolutionary doctrine of the
Emile. It applied to the higher education of the college of
France in a measure, but directly and principally to the com-
mon school, which France did not yet possess, and for perceiv-
ing the want of which, we can forgive Rousseau many of his
opinions, and even make an effort to forget something of the
shameful life of this bold teacher, as he crowds forward to put
himself beside the great teacher of the Gospel.
These views excited wide attention, partly because the saying
of Mad. de Boufiers about Helvetius applied to them : " This
man has told everybody's secret," and partly because of their
original and fecundating power. In France they created an im-
mense excitement. The Emile was burned by order of Parlia-
ment. But the effect of the book was largely destructive. In
the constructive way, which is, after all, the true test, it
amounted to little in France.
In Germany, however, its positive results were more impor-
tant. Basedou and Pestalozzi, successively excited by the
Emile, introduced its principles to practice, and became in-
strumental in giving the impulse from which came at length,
in the dark hour of Germany, and while France was exult-
ing in Jena and Austerlitz, the Prussian school system, with
its presage of Sadowa and Sedan, of reconquered Lorraine and
united Fatherland.
570 The State, ajid Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
With the pecuUarities of Basedou and of Pestalozzi we have
nothing now to do, except so far as they affect the relation of
the public education to religion. And this they did in two
ways. First, by removing the schools from the custody of the
church, and assigning them to the state. The teacher was
now to be neither a minister nor a priest, nor to have the special
education which the church gives those who are fitting for its
ministry. The teacher was to have his own function, and his
own preparation for it ; and as he was to be a layman himself,
his only preparation might be that of a secular training.
But more important were the changes proposed in study and
instruction. The progressives assailed the old text-books
and the old curriculum. They applied methodical ideas to the
questions, what pupils should study .-' what branches were worth
most to children i^ at what age they should begin with each, and
how much time should be devoted to it ^ The result was a
wide advocacy of a more realistic or humanistic course of
study. Pedagogy was now growing up, out of a mere exercise
of the natural common-sense, into a science. Masters of the
Ichabod Crane pattern were fading from the romance of teach-
ing, and the Ezekiel Cheevers from its striking examples. Sci-
entific methods began to be thought of. John Locke, famous
old Robert Ascham, Fenelon, Luther, and Pestalozzi, taught
the schools of Europe in their maxims. Amid all, and perhaps
before all, Pestalozzi pressed, on with his fundamental princi-
ple, that the method, or basis of education, was to be so7ight,
and not to be constructed. He and the whole body of the
progressives cried out that the old methods were artificial,
constructed to suit a purpose, and not formed on intelligent
acquaintance with man and the world.
These were the essential features of the new pedagogy.
They were not proclaimed as unfriendly to religion, Basedou
was, perhaps, the least friendly to it ; but he directed instruction
in natural religion to be given to children in their tenth year ;
and that, in their fourteenth, instruction in Christian doctrine
should commence. Pestalozzi once held the same opinion.
Afterwards he declared that the child's religious instruction
should begin from the cradle, and never intermit. Thus far
no one has hinted at an education which is purely secular,
1 8/1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 571
nor that the state should wholly divest itself of the religious
function. Certainly not Rousseau. He repudiated the thought.
The " civil creed " which he proposed to adopt was none of
the highest, it is true. Amid all the shocking inconsistencies
of his life, he himself professed a higher ; and yet it was, by the
supposition, the very highest which would in any way repre-
sent the collective faith of society. Rousseau went so far as
to ostracize the atheist, and deny his right to be represented.
He even quoted against him some lines of Plato, which inti-
mated in good Greek that such an enemy of good order should
not complain at being required to dS.Q. pro bono publico.
Such, then, are, in brief, the steps by which the natural
method has made its way. It is not to be considered as by any
means the triumph of the secular system of governmental edu-
cation. It does not even show the complete success of the
humanistic scheme. It is simply the triumph of scientific over
empiric instruction, and of a natural over an artificial method.
This review has led us quite through the period in which the
ideas which underlie the new pedagogy were asserted most
thoroughly and most radically. These ideas have certainly rev-
olutionized the common methods of teaching. But we fail to
discover in our examination of the subject the evidence that
they have " pelagianized " the theory of education, or produced
any reason for the further secularization of the public school
system on account of the relation of the schools to the state,
and the equal rights of all citizens in them. The new system
has grown up in a different relation to the church, but in the
same relation to Christianity. The sharpest scrutiny cannot
find in the method itself a reason why Christian instruction
should not be given in the schools. And thus far we have
found no such reason in the democratic theory of the state,
and of the right of the citizens under it. As to the position
that all interference of the state in the religious instruction
of the schools, and any attempt to prescribe what it shall be,
or direct it, \s,per se, an infraction of the rights of conscience,
and that the liberty of the citizen will never be completely
vindicated until the state has abandoned this ground ; it is,
perhaps, all that is required to be said at this point in the argu-
ment, that the democratic theory of government was fully
572 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
formed without the discovery of any such necessity. Even the
fanaticism of liberty and the destructivism of Rousseau, left
the state invested with a religious function. We therefore see
the new system fully launched, and yet with nothing in its
methodology, nor in its relation to the state nor of the state to
it, incompatible, pef se, with religious, or even with Christian
instruction in the public schools.
This review has been followed out so much at length, because
it enables us to see where our educational system came from,
with what theories of government it connects, and to decide
with more precision what its religious capabilities are, both in
its methods of instruction and in its relation to free govern-
ment.
We have now reached the point at which the French Revo-
lution left this subject. It is politically the position taken by
the American Constitution and by the founders of the republic.
As far as system goes, it is the point reached by Pestalozzi, and
represented more or less in the reorganization of the Prussian
schools under William III, It indicates, with more or less
exactness, the position of Mr. Mann, and of the Massachusetts
Legislature, and represents the place which religious instruc-
tion is to take in the educational system which has sprung up
under it.
Thus far, during the whole period under review, — the Chris-
tian era, — education has gone forward with steady and yet
natural progress, developing the principles and ideas that lay
in it, receiving from time to time new light and new influences,
but never abandoning its character as suited to a Christian
view of the state, and of the common education which the
states should require.
Here, now, we meet a new doctrine, and one which, on exam-
ination, proves to be not a development, but a revolution. It
appears that our schools do not yet move without some fric-
tion, and it is proposed to meet these new difficulties by the
entire secularization of the state, and of the system of public
education which it sustains. How much such a project as this
implies, we shall soon see Its first and immediate effect would
be the exclusion of prayer, of the reading of the Bible, of the
use of religious hymns, and the prohibition of any, even the
1 8/ 1.] TJie State, and Religion in its Schools. 573
simplest, religious instruction. It would be the prohibition,
under penalties, of Christianity in the schools. And as a
slient Christianity is paganism, it would be the substitution o
paganism.
The adoption of such a policy would at least bring to a close
the history of the influence of Christianity over the education
of the people.
Against this proposal we have some considerations to press.
We call attention at the outset to the immense difficulty, if
it be not the absolute impossibility, of separating religious in-
struction from any practical system of public education.
It has been quietly assumed by some that it is an easy mat-
ter to have a public school which would accomplish all the
state has in view, and yet give no religious instruction. They
urge that a complete education is not what the state has in
mind, but only what is needed to qualify its subjects to be
citizens ; and that the system presupposes, on its intellectual
side, that there will be other schools for higher or different
training, and, on the moral side, that the church and the home
and various religious institutions will do what is needed. The
state, they say, does not merely tolerate all religions. It goes
further, and stands impartial among them, with no religion of
its own, any more than a policeman's club. Goethe said there
were three kinds of unbelievers, — un christians, antichristians,
and another class who were simply «zV/i! /-christians. These
writers appear to have their eyes on a school system, which,
without being unchristian or antichristian, might yet work
well as simply 7«V/^/-christian.
The possibility exists only in words. Basedou, Pestalozzi,
Rousseau, bold speculators as they were, and much as they
might have been pleased with such a neutrality, were com-
pelled to recognize the connection of education in all its grades
and departments, in common and public schools, as well as in
the church and the home, with religion. It does honor to their
candor that they recognized the fact.
Very true, reply our opponents. A complete education can-
not omit a religious training. But let the state in the public
school assume responsibility only for the secular part, while
the church and the home provide for the religious.
574 "^^^^ State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
The first sentence of this reply shows its weakness. It con-
fesses at once that a complete public school education is not to
be hoped for under the proposed system, but only one which
might answer well enough for civic purposes, and which would
leave conscience and the religious nature to be cared for by
church and home. A system so imperfect is not fit to be called
a public education. What if the children have no instruction at
home, and never see the inside of a church .'* Is the state, in that
case, to be satisfied with the secular little pagans, and their
heathen training for citizenship } Such are the citizens who
a few months ago were doing their whole duty by Paris.
And, moreover, this view of matters gives the Romish priests,
who once did all the educating an excellent reason for say-
ing that they should be allowed to do it again. The atheism
of the schools, which they themselves aided and abetted, would
then be the unanswerable ground for their destruction. The
Bible in the school is, to-day, the divine " salt " which breaks
the force of the Romanist appeal to the conscience of his con-
gregation. Take it away, and what will prevent them from
carrying that conscience with them against the whole sys-
tem }
Another objection to this theory is, that it draws apart the
idea of the religious and the secular in the child's mind, just
at the time when they should be knit together, and fosters
that checker-board view of morality and of religion which con-
tains in it the essence of all immorality. Education must pre-
sent these two elements, the secular and the spiritual, religion
and morality, simultaneously, or it becomes the inculcation of an
enormous falsehood. The summer day cannot perform its func-
tion in six hours of heat succeeded by another six hours of light.
The two must act together, in twelve hours of light and heat.
The theory is visionary. This neutral or simply not-chris-
tian instruction, which is neither antichristian nor unchris-
tian, is nothing more real than a theatrical display of pen-and-
ink puppets. Where is there such a man or woman to make a
teacher of .'' Where is there such a school .'' The teacher is a
creature in whom the secular and the spiritual combine, and the
resultant is the composite product, character, with its irrepres-
sible power of influence. Until that 7nan with religious nature
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 575
in him is got out of the world, religious influence of some kind
cannot be got out of the school-room. We must return first to
the ancestral mollusk, and raise up a new race with no religious
nature in it, or we cannot protect the child from both secular
and religious instruction.
But suppose it were possible to cool the teacher down into a
non-religious, cold-blooded, secular animal, how would it be with
the studies .'' The children must study something. The pro-
gressives think highly of history ; but how about the Protestant
reformation for mixed classes .'' What will be done with Tor-
quemada and Charles V } What teacher could conduct a
class on this principle through the history of France, or tell
them of English Deists, or the French Encyclopedic .'' The
child reads of this man Rousseau, who assumed to teach
mothers how to rear their offspring, when his own children
were lying in a foundling hospital. Is he to pass silently by
as a model man .'' Suppose he does ; would a very large amount
of mathematics and of atomic chemistry make amends for the
damage done that day to the child's conscience and character, by
permitting him to receive such an impression, and go home
with it uncorrected. The church and the home are powerless
in the case. The matter requires attention in school, on the
spot. And the school system is worse than null if it does not
absolutely require instruction in such matters.
By and by the scholar reaches the high school. He then
begins to study chemistry, biology. He gets Carpenter's
physiology ; he studies a theory of the brain ; he dips into
theories of life. He hears something of the atomic theory,
of the doctrine of force. He takes a peep into psychology.
There is no religious influence in the school to qualify in
any way the pursuit of these studies. They are above all
the realms of study which are full of the Deity ; but the
scholar is led through them without an intimation of such
religious things. A Christian instruction would make those
studies safe and wholesome. But in a system of purely secular
education, they become a school of atheism. And who could
protest .'' What has morality to do with the question of man's
descent .-* What has ethics to say about how the world was
made ? What does morality care about the associational psy-
5/6 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct
chology, or about the physical basis of hfe ? Yet these are
the real enemies of society. These are the Titan immoralities.
Brothels, dram-shops, and gambling saloons are only the small
vermin that infest fields where such classical demons as these
have destroyed the religious principle of the people.
The administration of the schools on as low and moderate a
plan as that which is now prevalent, would protect the pupils
in such studies. The Bible on the table is an interpreter at
the door. The recognition of religion in the school system
as above morals, and of piety as higher than ethics, is a safe-
guard against the moral exposure of scientific study, which,
without such protection, would be very great. In a school
which recognized Christianity, studies which under a secular
system might swiftly become atheistical, could be pursued with
the happiest results. This is only another case in which the
spirit of the Lord in the school brings liberty.
But they tell us that no one has proposed to exclude mo-
rality, but only religion. But how will this relieve the case 1
Conscience lays hold of questions of morality as well as those
of religion, and it is the variations of conscience which make the
trouble ; morality stands on the ground of conscience as much
as religion. All theories of life tend to become matters of con-
science. Familism is certainly not religion ; we consider it
not even morality ; but there are those who see in it a matter
of conscience. A people who have just passed through the
war of slavery, ought not to forget that it is not only about
creeds and religion that conscience exercises itself It seizes
ethical questions with equal vigor and intensity. Here then
remains, even if religion were excluded from the schools,
room for differences as deep and wide as ever. The Southern
school-books were once expurgated of free sentiments, to suit
the views of the people. A similar demand might be made as
regards other matters of a purely moral or ethical character,
and conscience is as obstinate and as sacred when acting on
slavery or on marriage, as when it contends for justification by
faith. Those who are pleased with the theory of teaching morals,
but remaining silent on religious subjects, should remember
that it is the same conscience which approaches both classes
of subjects, and that it approaches them both in the same way.
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 577
that is as matters of duty. It is Jesus himself who has taught us
the absohite identity of the claim of duty, whether presented
in ethical or in religious relations. What we call morals is
conscience acting in ethical relations, and what we call
religion is the same conscience acting in higher and divine
relations. To commence with one carries you up to the other ;
and what is the education which appeals to conscience in its
lower relations, but ignores it in the higher 1 " The attempt
to keep morality in the schools, and to relegate religion to the
church and the home, must fail. Conscience, with all its rights
and all its troubles, would still remain to vex the peace of the
schools, and moreover the dissolution cannot be made. It would
make the school and the home work against each other. It would
immerse the child six hours a day in an acid bath which filled his
pores with a secular education, and then immerse him in the
alkali bath of church and home, in hope that the residuum
would be salt of good flavor. Very little salt would remain at
the end of the process. All that was best would foam off in
the effervescence of the contention between the boyhood as
trained at school, and the boyhood as trained at home. The
secular and the moral in education are one. " We know
nothing," says Schleiermacher, " of an antithesis between the
moral and the political."
But another fact demands our attention in making up the
argument against the secularization of common-school educa-
tion, and that is, the political or constructive genius of Chris-
tianity.
Gentlemen tell us that religion and politics must be kept
apart. They assume that the Gospel has nothing to do with
the state, with the laws, nor with civil and political institutions.
As far as these views are a protest against churchly intru-
sion and the intermeddling of ecclesiastical influence, they are
just. But to one who knows that the hope of Christianity is to
redeem the world, it sounds strange to hear that the Gospel has
nothing to do with civil affairs. To assert the non-political
character of Christianity is to propound a solecism, and pluck
from the Gospel the hope which is its brightest and divinest
ornament, — the hope of redeeming the world.
In a free people, affairs have a natural gravitation to politics.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 4. 38
578 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
Reforms go there, moral ideas flow thither, principles become
implicated in the questions of that field ; and for the reason
that the combined and general action of the people on any
subject is, and must be, political. " Christianity," says Roth,
in a passage quoted by Mulford, "is essentially a political
principle and a political power. It is constructive of the
state, and bears in itself the power of forming the state, and of
developing it to its full completeness."
Political relations are the greatest in which man can act on
earth ; and to put religion out of this field, and to confine it to
the church and the home and individual life, is to construct a
social order which is doomed to subversion by the voice which
created it. Christianity will act in private relations, and do a
great and a contented work there. But its leaven is for the
world. It is not a mere criticism of what is going on ; it is a
creation as well. It is not merely destructive of the devil's
kingdom ; it is also constructive of the kingdom of God. The
hope of the world lies, very largely, in this political, construc-
tive power of Christianity, and its history is both a commentary
on the greatness of this power, and an attestation of its essen-
tiality to the system.
Another fact to be pressed against the secularization of the
schools is, that the doctrine of liberty implied in the argument
for it is a false one. It proceeds on the assumption that any
restraint on conscience is, per se, a crime against freedom.
The French Revolution, which is responsible for this theory
of liberty, in which freedom is conceived of as the absence of
restraint, was itself the great test and disproof of the doctrine
on which, in no small measure, it was founded. It was a free-
dom that could be attained only by the subversion of society.
And at last, when the authors of these teachings had made trial
of them, when under their influence the institutions of society
were swept away, when M. Proudhon had seen put to full proof
the maxim, "■' La propriete cest le vol" then came the painful
discovery that, although restraint had disappeared, the people
were not free ; then came the anarchy which is the bloom of this
freedom of arbitrariness, with the " man on horseback," who is
its ripe fruit, and whose mission it is to construct the mobs of
libertinism into the armies of Csesarism.
iS/r.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 579
It is not to be denied that with these full proofs of history
in view, the French doctrine of liberty has had great influence
in this country. It has spread by a kind of inherent power of
diffusion among the lower classes. Jefferson held something
very like it; and it lies at the bottom of most of the arguments
for the removal of the Bible from the schools, as far as they
make the case turn on the right of conscience.
So much depends, in a matter like this, on the definition of
liberty, and popular opinion, even when impatient of the scho-
lastic discussion of the subject, is so much under the influence
of the ideas developed in such discussions, as to make it neces-
sary, before advancing further, to inquire briefly for the just
conception of the citizen's liberty, and to glance at the way in
which the rights and liberties of freemen are realized.
The first point that deserves attention here is, that the lib-
erty of the citizen, or civil liberty, is not identical with the much
discussed problem of the freedom of the will. And yet the
French definition of liberty derives its plausibility from the
confusion of these two principles, and proceeds to discuss the
exceedingly complicated problem of the citizen's rights, as if it
were identical with the highly metaphysical dogma of the free
will, and its abstract power to the contrary.
The free will is a sovereign will. The essence of its liberty
is its own autonomy or superiority to restraint. Hence comes
the French definition of civil freedom, or liberty to do what one
pleases, and the demoralizing inference that the liberty to act
without restraint implies the right to do so. The next step, as
has been twice illustrated in the history of the people who*,
more than any other, represent these ideas, is the carnival of
wilfulness, the extirpation of freedom, and the reign of terror.
Personal freedom is, however, a broader and more practical
matter than this absence of restraint. It is a laiv of liberty.
The assertion of freedom lies in the will, but the freedom itself
is deeper, and must be sought in the citizen's character. The
action which is arbitrary is not free. It does not represent the
whole man, but only enough of him to be called wilful, and wil-
fulness is recognized, even by common men, as a kind of servi-
tude. The action which springs from impulse or from appetite
is not free. The wrathful Achilles and the drunken Silenus
58o The State, and Religion in its Schools, [Oct.
were both slaves. The action which is simply unrestrained is
not free. It has no law of freedom nor character, and is mere
caprice. True freedom has elements of permanence which are
grounded in character, and is neither capricious, momentary in
its action, nor changeful. It is regulated by the laws of its true
being, and realizes its freedom in the liberty to be itself and
act itself out according to the divine appointment.
Civil freedom, like that of the will, implies, the natural power
to the contrary, the power to turn traitor to itself But the
commission of that crime is not an act of freedom. It is rather
the renunciation of it.
On this account, immoral laws are subversive of liberty,
because they are against nature. They are even more danger-
ously repressive than despotic power. Liberty flourished
under the arbitrary system of our fathers more than under the
immoral license of the French Revolution. Give a man more
liberty than he has character, and he soon runs himself into
limbo; and when he is there, he is as free as when he was
abroad. He was always a slave, because the law of liberty was
not in him. Freedom precludes external .constraint, because it
acts from laws in itself It implies the power to the contrary.
But the use of that power against the law of nature and of right
is not an act of liberty, but the abdication of it. The freeman
and the good man are practically identical. The free man is
he who acts out in obedience to a law in himself the life which
God designed he should lead. Every other liberty is the worst
kind of antinomianism. It is libertinism, not liberty. It is
the stuff in fallen man and falling republics out of which im-
perialism is constructed. Such then, in general, is the con-
ception of civic freedom which is assumed in this discussion.
Let us now pass to consider how civil and political freedom
is realized.
The first and really most important fact that meets us in
considering this question, is that the realization of civil freedom
is in political rights established in laws and institutions.
The French theorists were continually carrying their reason-
ing back to the supposed man who, antecedent to the formation
of society, framed the original social contract ; as if such a
creature could have, at that dark period of history, valuable
1 8/ 1.] TJie State, and Religion in its Schools. 581
personal rights to discuss in a social contract. A man's natural
rights are valuable to him only under the shelter of organized
society. Outside of its pale, life, property, happiness, are
nowhere respected. When man begins to speak of natural
rights, he has already reached an advanced stage. But in the
estate of nature, natural rights are impalpable.
The realization of freedom is only in political rights estab-
lished and vindicated by the laws and political institutions of
a country. Rhetorical assertions do not help the case very
much. French freedom exists only in talk. " Freedom," says a
recent writer on constitutions, "does not gain much while it is
held as an ideal conception, and is left to the pages of scholars,
or the rhymes of poets, or the voices of orators." Gen. Grant
and his armies did more for freedom in this nation than all the
orators. To quote Bluntschli, again from the notes of Mulford,
" Freedom in its civil and political conception can never be
separated from the process of rights which is its ground and
its support." Man has natural rights, but they do not emerge
in the state of nature, any more than his natural powers do in
an uneducated state. Human freedom strives continually to
express itself in political rights. The natural right of con-
science to be free is impalpable among savages. It exists only
in highly and justly organized society. Conscience is freest,
not where the least amount of restraint is thrown upon it, but
where the largest amount of established political rights give it
liberty to follow out its own constitution. A Parisian society
with no restraint on conscience, and in which every man was
absolutely at liberty to do as he pleased, would not realize the
idea of the free conscience as well as a Calvinistic Edin-
burgh, in which freedom was supported by political rights,
and yet restrained by laws against libertinism.
The amount of religious liberty which a people enjoy is not
determined by the minimum amount of moral restraint they
live under, but by the maximum amount of rights which are
guaranteed to them. On that account New England, in the
strictest times of the Theocracy, was freer than Rationalism
could make France in a whole eternity of tribunes. On this
account, too, Calvinism, in spite of its severities and auster-
ities, has bred freemen. People who are so anxious that every
582 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
conscience should be free, ought to remember that they will
not make it thus free by abolishing Sunday laws, nor by dimin-
ishing the social censure of infidelity, nor by conceding more
license to the Romanists, nor by sweeping away the political
Protestantism of the land ; but simply by guarding and estab-
lishing the rights of conscience, to be true to itself, and to act
out the best that God has put in it. Human freedom made a
great advance in winning the right to read the Bible. It re-
mains to be seen whether there is any progress for freedom in
the repression of that right at the dictation of reactionary par-
ties. Freedom embodies itself in the right to read it, and not
in the extinction of the restraint which the establishment of
that right supposes.
It is not so simple a matter to sustain, even among a free
people, the political guaranteed rights on which freedom of
conscience depends. What is going on at this moment in
New York, or was recently transpiring in Paris, should teach
how easy it is for freedom to perish in a libertine condition of
things. In such matters, and when the old order stood in the
interest of truth, virtue, and religion, it is better for freedom to
move slowly. Rights are sustained by character ; and both
their defence and their original institution require character.
The right to read the Bible at home and at church and in the
school, has unquestionably done more already for character and
more for freedom than any amount of French liberty to do
what you please would accomplish in many a century.
These remarks may serve to show how little freedom has to
fear from the Bible in the schools. Society is not bound to lis-
ten to all complaints that might on sufficient encouragement be
expressed ; and it is no more required to adapt its legislation
to the oddities of peculiar people, nor to the impatience of re-
straint which every sound and healthy system must awaken in
some minds. Freedom does not depend on such things, but on
the character of the people as developed under their moral and
political institutions. The freedom is first of all in the national
character ; and yet, when we consider the influence of law on man
we cannot say wholly there, but in character, and in the rights
guaranteed by civil institutions. Such freedom as this requires
a nation educated in the laws of character, and whose freedom
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools, 583
does not exhaust itself in protest against restraint. The use
of the Bible in the schools will conduce to civil freedom,
because it will aid in the realization of civic character. Lib-
erty has more to fear in the suppression of the present use,
because it would wear away something from the active value
of those rights on which civic virtue and manhood depends.
But passing this point, we remark next, that the con-
cession to the state of some religious character is the only
hope we have of maintaining the public school system. The
administration of streets and drains, the regulation of police,
the assessment of taxes, and the management of courts, are
so purely secular in their nature, that when contemplating such
portions of the governmental functions, we can easily believe
that the state should bear no religious responsibility whatever.
But when we enter the public schools, we are in a sphere which
connects itself so obviously with conscience and with the moral
nature, that the first thought of every Christian man would be,
that the government which has this system in charge cannot
ignore for itself, nor delegate to other hands, all religious in-
struction.
A striking attestation of this principle is seen in the position
of a class of writers who maintain that the government must
be secular, and the school religious, and that for this reason
no public school system can be maintained. But they do,
indeed, despair of the republic, when they abandon the public
school. The safety of the democracy requires compulsory
education. The work cannot be intrusted to churches or to
corporations, nor to individuals. They could not do it if they
would. It should be noticed, however, that the advocates of
this doctrine agree with us in the belief that a government
entirely secular could not be the administrator of schools.
The public school is a democratic necessity, because popular
intelligence is essential to the working of the political system.
But is not popular character rather more essential .? And must
not the state have morals taught in the schools as well as let-
ters .'' But where shall we divide the two branches of instruc-
tion .'* Morals rise, in one straight line, into religion. When
religious teaching has been ignored for a long enough period to
have ripened the fruits of such a course, there will be quite as
584 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
many consciences to be troubled about instruction in morals as
are now disturbed by the use of the Bible. There is already
at work a small party who maintain (under their voices, per-
haps, at the present time) that the laws of fornication are an
injustice, and that the doctrines of chastity and of the sacred-
ness of marriage taught in the schools are an outrage. Morals
rise and fall, and veer about. Murder is, with us, one of the
chief crimes ; but among the Sierra Nevadas the greatest
amount of reprobation was expressed, not against murder, but
against horse-stealing. Conscience does not look at morals
with an unvarying eye, any more than it does at religion. Mr.
Horace Mann had an idea familiar to the English deists, and it is
one which an overmuch study of Paley may perhaps foster, that
whatever might become of revealed religion, natural religion
is on an immovable foundation. In the Massachusetts report of
1838 he proposes " to introduce the sublime truths of ethics and
natural religion as a poising power between bigotry and profli-
gacy." This is an example of that illusive phantasmagoria which
floats so naturally over the unsalted sea of Rationalism. This
" beautiful and sublime ethics, and natural religion, which is
a poising power between bigotry and profligacy," are allies who
do not remain long in each other's company, and whose wont
it is to break ranks when the struggle comes, and form anew,
with bigotry and profligacy on one side, and ethics and revealed
religion on ttie other. The school system which requires the
ethics, can receive them only as indissolubly one with the reli-
gion, and the state that cannot sustain a statute like the Mas-
sachusetts law of 1826, which requires the principles of piety
as well as those of morality to be taught, cannot sustain a com-
mon school system.
The suppression of that significant requirement of piety
among the things to be taught, would transform the school
system frorn a support of civic freedom into a menace of it.
The restraint it would remove would but poorly compensate
for the damage to the positive institutions on which our civili-
zation depends for the nurture of the people in practical free-
dom. The American theory does not presume that liberty is
a mere negation. On the contrary, it is a strong and free
character ; and it cannot be repeated too often, that the ques-
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 585
tion whether a people are free or not does not depend wholly
on the civil and political restraints they have got rid of; but,
in a most important sense, on the kind of manhood which is
fostered by their civil and political institutions.
Now, cries the progressive educator, this is the seventeenth
century revived ; this is Calvin, Geneva, Puritans, witch-
burning. Unquestionably there is an element in the position
we have taken, which, if the proportions which justice, wisdom,
and the experience of the nineteenth century would suggest
were destroyed, might issue in trouble. But the other theory
is no safer.
Call our view, if you please, B, and the other C. Now, B is
a line which, multiplied by infinity, produces, perhaps, Torque-
mada. But C is a line which, multiplied in the same way,
produces atheism. But this multiplication is what no people
educated in the freedom and knowledge of the Bible would
allow. The wisdom of life does not consist in finding a line
which cannot be drawn out until it gets into mischief some-
where, but in taking any one of these infinitely extensible lines,
and teaching it to behave itself properly, and stop where it
should. The writers we allude to cannot rest until they have
brought their theories to the shore of some boundless ocean,
with nothing more before them. But there, where they hoped'
to find peace, they stand, theory and all, in the edge of the
storm, their feet planted, not on the ground for cities and
homes, but on the place for beacons and signals of danger.
" The wisdom of life," said Burke, " is a doctrine of propor-
tions." There is a French mania in human nature which
breaks out in the passion for bringing the infinitely diversified
system of society down to a mathematical logic. It will never
^ee that the world moves on a line which is a resultant of
many forces, and that its straight line, instead of being a path
for human feet, is the merciless cut of a sword through the
homes and hearts of the people.
The difficulty in the case before us does not arise in the
principle that religious instruction is to be given in the public
schools. We think we have shown that such instruction is
necessary for their perpetuity, and that nothing would more
speedily or more effectually insure their downfall than to
abolish it.
586 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
The difficulty in the case lies in the administration of the
principle, and not in its admission. On this point we shall
make some suggestions at the proper time. At present, it is
sufficient to remark that the difficulties which the question
presents are such as to make it only a problem in statesman-
ship. It will always remain difficult, if not impossible, to
administer religious instruction in the schools to the entire
satisfaction of every citizen. This, however, does not satisfy
us that no such instruction should be given. It is our opinion
that the amount of friction under the present system has been
greatly exaggerated. The writer of this paper has had some
considerable connection with mixed public schools, and his ex-
perience is, that the trouble which disturbed consciences make
with the religious instruction given under the laws of Massa-
chusetts is very inconsiderable. Probably there has been more
said about it in the pages of this article than would be heard
in the working of the system the whole Commonwealth through
in a twelve-month. And yet, if there were many times the
amount of friction there is, it does not follow that the principle
is bad. Its administration would become a nicer problem.
But the trouble of such administration is not to be declined,
while the principle from which it arises is so important, and
especially while there is reason to believe that some religious
instruction is necessary to perpetuate the public school system
itself Very just is the emphatic remark of Cousin : " If you
would destroy the religion of the people, keep it out of the
public schools ;" and equally just, had he said, If you would
destroy the schools of the people, keep religion out of them.
It is not the design of this article to discuss this subject in
its legal or constitutional aspects. It is proper, however, to re-
mark that the best opinion seems to concur in the position we
have tactily assumed, that the state governments, in recognizing
a distinction between morals and piety, and in requiring the
youth to be instructed in religion, plant themselves on the
ground which legalizes the use of the Bible. Judge Storer, in
the recent and already famous decision in what is known as
the Cincinnati case, takes the position that the word " religion,"
in our laws and Constitution, canrefer to nothing but the
worship of Almighty God, — and that, too, not the "unknown
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 587
God," but the Deity of revelation and of Christianity. Judge
Storer adds, " It is impossible for those who believe in Chris-
tianity to doubt that it is the duty of government to foster and
encourage it among all citizens. This is a point wholly distinct
from the right of private dgment in matters of religion and
of the freedom of public worship according to the dictates of
one's conscience." He says, also, " that the prohibition of re-
ligious tests in the Constitution was designed to cut oftTorever
the possibility of the alliance of church and state." It was not
then designed to prove unfriendly to religion. He adds, " the
real difficulty lies " (not in ascertaining the principle, which is
plain enough, but) " in ascertaining the limits to which govern-
ment may rightfully go in fostering and encouraging religion."
We feel at liberty to assume this general principle, and pass
on to glance at the really difficult question, what to do with
this principle in the special case we are discussing.
We have the schools, and the Bible is in them. Its presence
there marks in the eye of the law the identity of mOrals and re-
ligion, and is a response to the statute which requires piety to
be taught.
Now, whence comes the demand to exclude the Bible, and
what has it to show for itself .''
It comes from the infidel who does not believe in Christianity,
and from the papist who does not believe in the Bible.
The first pushes his claim with an utter hostility to religion,
— wishing to extirpate it from school and state, — and yet in
entire friendliness to the public school, and believing that it
would be better without a trace of religion in it. The
Romanist pushes his claim as an enemy of the whole system
of civil schools, but as a friend to religion. The church,
and not the state, is the educator in his view. The schools
without the Bible, and having no trace of religious instruction,
would please him no better than now. He would give no bond to
support them. He raises the cry of an injured conscience, not
because the use of the Bible hurts him, but because he sees his
way, through that course, to get rid of the public school, which
is the real pain. Were the Romanist the friend of the public
school, the case would admit of an easy adjustment. As it
stands now, the Catholic laity, unprompted, have no complaint.
588 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
Silence the priests, and this noble army of martyrs would lose
their voices. What they feel is no pain of their own, but the
priests' smart. As between the schools and the priests, the
question is probably one that admits of no settlement, and for
the simple reason that they are not friends of the schools.
The infidel party ought to find an equally irreconcilable
question before them, because they are not friends of religion.
The papist strikes at the school, and the infidel at the religion.
They join hands, for the moment, in the attack on the Bible.
And now the strange question arises in the ranks of the far
more numerous party of those who are friends both to the
schools and religion, whether they may not save both their
points by sacrificing the Bible. Some are not satisfied with
the use which is now made of the Bible in the schools. It
appears to them a very poor apology for what it should be.
Another some doubt whether it is as wise to use the Bible as
the basis of devotional reading in the school, as it would be to
introduce it as a text-book in the courses of study. But these
views affect only details, not principles. Here is the school
system with the Bible in it, and here are the papists and
infidels clamoring to burn it.
What shall be done .''
Cousin, in writing on this subject, drops the remark, " that
the popular schools of a nation ought to be imbued with the
religious spirit of the nation." And this is the position which
we may take with regard to the practical question before us.
The amount of religious instruction and of religious character
which the state should give to the common school is that which
can be given to them in the name of the nation, and will depend
on what the character of the nation is. The injustice of much
of the religious interference that has been practised in the
education of some nations, lay in the violation of this principle.
Nothing is despotic which a man imposes on himself Every-
thing is despotic which another forces on him. No constitu-
tion which fairly represents the mind of a people themselves, is
despotic ; but anything, even of a feather's weight, which does
not represent that mind, is. A man will work himself more
severely than a slave, and remain free. A people whose con-
victions and views were those of our Puritan forefathers will
1 8/ 1.] The State, and Religion in its Schools. 589
impose on themselves the strictest Calvinistic Protestantism,
and retain their Hberties because it is self-imposed. It is an
invariable principle that the " civil creed," and the amount of
religion which may be legally introduced into the school sys-
tem, is that which fairly represents the religious spirit of the
nation, and I am careful to say their spirit and not their creed.
What this is can be ascertained only by the voice of the
people, as expressed in laws and positive institutions. It will
not be up to the best religion in the land, but it will rise far
above the lowest. It must be chosen, not because it is, per se,
the best thing to be thought of, nor as a settlement for all time,
but because it is at the moment a just representation of the
social conscience.
Should it be presed too far, and rise in spiritual character too
high, there will be complaint of injustice to conscience. The
law will gall because it is not self-imposed. Should it sink too
low, there will be outcries against the libertinism and immoral-
ity of the system.
It is inevitable in such a matter, as in everything which re-
lates to society, that the system which works well for the com-
munity at large, and which represents it well, should wear with
some friction on individuals who do not hold the average posi-
tion. This is the cost of civilization and society. The quoting
of such a fact, however, is not an argument against the use of
the Bible in the schools, but against the possibility of society ;
and it is to the credit of Rousseau's candor that he made this
use of it.
It follows from these views, that the right to use the Bible
in the schools consists in the right of the nation to have a
religious character, and that how far it should be thus used,
and whether it is to be used there at all or not, will depend on
the question whether it does or does not represent the reli-
gious spirit of the nation. If it does, there will be no injustice
in retaining it. If it does not, it will be useless to prolong the
struggle.
As far as the practical right or wrong of this question goes,
everything turns on the decision of this point. In itself, the
Bible in the schools is right ; religious and Christian instruction
is right ; and, moreover, that is the side which a Christian man
590 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
would seem to be required to defend. But he is a citizen as
well as a Christian, and if the kingdom of God is not yet in the
heart of society as a grain of mustard seed, the Christian must
plant it, and wait its development. The civil creed must be
self-imposed. It must represent the religious spirit of the peo-
ple. If it is imposed on them by a consistory or by a court
of arches, it will be in the nature of tyranny.
The civil standard may rise, and it may decline. When the
religious spirit is declining, the old system will chafe, and there
will be complaints of oppressed consciences. When it is rising
it will seem lax, and there will be complaints of the libertinism of
law. A state highly Christianized would admit a more highly
religious school system, and the more we carry the people up ;
the more we can attempt. The reason that our old school sys-
tem had to be modified, was not that it was , per se, an oppres-
sion from the day it was enacted, but because the foreign immi-
gration, and the changes of time, had produced an immense
revolution in the religious spirit of the people, and required the
readjustment of the civil creed in the school system.
It would be an immense wrong to banish the Bible, and to
secularize the public schools, because it would destroy their
representative character. It would be equivalent to saying
that there is no religious spirit in the nation. The use that is
now made of the Bible may not be all we could desire ; but it
is something, and is good enough until it can be made better.
The way to make it better is not to quarrel with the statute,
but to labor and pray for the higher evangelization of the nation.
When the laws of Christ are in their hearts, and there is some-
thing nobler than now to be represented in the religious sys-
tem of the schools, there will be no real oppression to
conscience in increasing the amount of religious instruction.
We say no real oppression of conscience. An average sys-
tem will undoubtedly press hard in exceptional cases. And it
will probably prove to be beyond the possibilities to eliminate
such example of hardship from the public system.
The most elastic system cannot adapt itself to every possible
variety of conviction. The secularization of the school system
would not relieve the difficulty. Conscience would remain, to
work on worldly questions as powerfully as on others ; and.
1 8/ 1. The State, and Religion in its Schools. 591
besides, that very secularization which is proposed as a measure
of relief, would be considered by a much larger number the.
greatest possible outrage on conscience.
There is no course for the state but that of even-handed, just
representation. Society must and will gradually conform to its
own established system. The state bends as far as possible to
the citizen, and the citizen forms himself slowly to the national
system. Between sects and denominations the state stands
impartial, and yet it requires religion and piety to be taught.
And by religion and piety is not meant paganism, nor the reli-
gion of nature, nor that qualified system which a serious infi-
delity would accept. The words can refer only to the general
and commonly accepted principles of revealed religion, — or, in
other words, to the Bible without note or comment.
The position of the English government towards all sects
outside of the Established Church is one of toleration, and they
enjoy, under the law, religious toleration. The American idea
recognizes the independent and equal relation of each sect to
the state. It is a relation in all cases identically the same,
without regard to the numerical greatness or insignificance of
the body. Still, while our government disowns the principle
of mere toleration, it does not stand on the ground of indiffer-
ence to all, which would be the attitude of a perfectly secular^
ized government. The state is impartial, but not indifferent.
It does not tolerate all sects, but represents their common
ground.
There are unquestionably elements n society which cannot
be represented. They are antagonistic to the common convic-
tion, and can only be thrown out of notice in the policy of the
state ; as, for example, what notice could be taken in our leg-
islation of the existence among us of Confucianism t The
laws give the followers of this faith liberty to believe what they
will, and to worship as they please ; but on what principle of
statesmanship can it be required that our school system be ar-
ranged to stand on ground common to them and to Christians,
or so as to give no offence to a Confucian conscience .'' These are
antagonistic elements ; and what would please the Confucianist
would displease the Christian, — at least by its omissions, if in no
other way. The Confucianist has very likely a case against the
592 The State, and Religion in its Schools. [Oct.
government. But there is no help for it. The People is
greater than the citizen. The government is not a microcosm
of the state, in which everything that is unworthy appears along
with the nobler elements, but in diminished size. In the exer-
cise of a sound discretion, and guided by an enlightened justice,
it is the representation of all that is characteristic and worthy
to be represented. This is the only theory of the state which
is at once philosophical and free.
These principles, applied to the question under discussion,
would require the Bible to be retained in the schools as long
as Christianity has social power enough to retain it there. The
duty of those who have Christian convictions, or who receive
the Bible, is in any case clear. They would be untrue to
themselves should they abandon the position which their own
belief assigns them.
It is not too much to say, that at the present time the Bible
is the representative book. Multitudes who discard theology
receive it devoutly ; others, who doubt its plenary inspiration,
reverence it as containing a revelation from God. To the im-
mensely greater part of those who are interested in the schools,
it represents the highest and best conscience of the world, and
is at once its guide and support.
It is a great mistake to suppose that the Bible has at pres-
ent an unimportant influence in the schools. There is such a
thing in the world as symbols, and at no period of our lives are
they so quickly read or so deeply felt as in childhood. The
Bible on the teacher's table is a Christian standard floating over
the school, a silent suggestion of the source whence morality
as well as religion derives its sanction and its authority. Let
the conscience it has raised up in the world respect its own
parentage enough to defend its honor and its rights. Let the
faith which has walked in the light of the word of God be mis-
led by no sophistries. Let the freedom which the Bible, more
than anything else, has developed and vindicated, use its powers
to transmit to posterity that book which is itself the best guar-
antee which liberty ever received, and the best foundation on
which to rear it in the education of the people.
Kinsley Twining.
Cambridge, Mass,
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 595
CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.
Rev. Hiram Bingham died at New Haven, Ct., November 11,
1869, having just entered upon his eighty-first year. He was a na-
tive of Bennington, Vt. ; son of Dea. Calvin and Lydia Bingham.
Both Hnes of his ancestry are directly traced to England, whence
they emigrated in the early part of the last century. His grand-
father was Joseph Bingham, who was born and lived at Norwich,
Ct. ; became a lieutenant in a company of Provincials during the
French war, about 1756; was a man of courage and extraordinary
muscular power ; and, after the close of the war, removed with his
two sons, Jeremiah and Calvin, from Norwich to Charlemont, Mass.
Just before the opening of the Revolution, Jeremiah and Calvin pur-
chased a farm in North Bennington, Vt., and removed thither with
their parents. In the famous battle of Bennington, these two brothers
were prominently engaged with the volunteer militia against the
British, under Col. Baum ; while their father, then a deacon in the
church, and too infirm for service in the field, assembled a company
of women and aged persons at the old meeting-house, and there pro-
posed that they engage in " prayer to the God of battles for their
sons and brothers, fighting for their homes and for liberty." Doubt-
less Dea. Bingham's prayers, on that day, were weapons quite as
mighty as the swords and guns of the yeoman soldiery. After the
close of the war, Jeremiah, the elder brother, removed to Cornwall,
Vt., where he was moderator of the first town meeting, one of the
original members and first deacons, and also moderator and clei'k
for many years of the Congregational church; where also he lived,
beloved and honored by his fellow-citizens, to the age of almost one
hundred years, and left a large influence in posterity for the subse-
quent service of the church.
Calvin, the younger brother, remained with his aged parents on
the farm in Bennington, where he also was highly honored for his
fidelity as a Christian, and an officer in the Congregational church,
and died at the age of eighty years. He had a family of thirteen
children, — seven sons and six daughters, — all of whom, save one
daughter, lived to maturity. Two of the sons became ministers of
the Gospel, and two physicians.
Hiram was the fifth of the seven sons of Calvin, and was born at
Bennington, October 30, 1789. In his youth he was the one selected
by his parents, of all their children, as their supporter in advanced
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. Ill, NO. 4. 39
594 Congregatictial Necrology. [Oct.
life. About the age of twenty-one, however, he became hopefully
converted, uniting with the Congregational church in his native town
in May, 1811 ; and now, notwithstanding tlie known dependence of
his parents upon him, he strongly felt it to be his duty to prepare for
the Gospel ministry. His parents at length acquiesced, and he at
once began his preparation for college with the Rev. Elisha Yale,
D. D., of Kingsbury, N. Y. With Mr. Yale he spent a part of two
years; entered Middlebury College a year in advance, in 1813 ; was
graduated at the same institution in 181 6, and at Andover Theologi-
cal Seminary in 1819. As early as the last year of his college course, .
the idea of foreign missionary service pressed upon Mr. Bingham's
mind. The coming of Henr)^ Obookiah to this country, who, with
other natives of the Sandwich Islands, here became acquainted with
the Gospel, awakened a deep Christian sympathy in the churches ;
the American Board determined to establish a mission at the Islands,
and to the earnest question, " Who will return with these boys to
their native land to teach the truths of salvation ? " Mr. Bingham and
his classmate, Asa Thurston, were the first to respond, and offer
their services to the Board. They were ordained at Goshen, Ct,
September 29, 1819, bythe North Consociation of Litchfield County,
the Rev. Heman Humphrey, d. d., preaching the sermon. The
occasion was one of great interest. It was the first ordination of
foreign missionaries in the State of Connecticut. On the nth of
October following, Mr. Bingham was married, at Hartford, Ct., to
Miss Sybil Moseley, of Westfield, Mass., who, out of sympathy with
the new missionary enterprise, had been led to attend the ordina-
tion, and to whom he was first introduced on that occasion. On
Friday, 15th of October, the Mission church was formed at Boston,
consisting of seventeen members, viz. : Messrs. Bingham and
Thurston, and five assistants, with their wives, and three natives of
the Islands, hopeful converts to Christianity ; and the missionaries
received their instructions the same day, in Park Street Church, from
Dr. Worcester, Secretary of the American Board. The company
sailed from Boston October 23. The voyage occupied one hundred
and sixty days, while a whole year elapsed before the news of their
arrival was received in this country. A traveller can now reach
those Islands in sixteen days.
After an exploration of the Islands, Mr. Bingham, in September,
1823, was stationed at Honolulu, on the Island of Oahu, and Mr.
Thurston at Kailna, on the Island of Hawaii. The history of that
first mission to the Islands of the Pacific is but the history of the
rise and progress of the Sandwich Islanders from utter barbarism to
1 87 1.] ' Congregational Necrology. 595
civilization and Christianity. A marvellous change in fifty years !
It is as if Divine Providence had been waiting for this unbelieving
age and these humble instrumentalities to present to the world a
fad^ incontrovertible and decisive, which should forever vindicate,
beyond all cavil, the inherent excellency and power of the Gospel of
Christ ! And with all this work the name of Hiram Bingham is
identified. No one was more faithful or efficient than he. He had
one ruling purpose which stimulated and sustained him in the dark-
est hours. He was a remarkably industrious man. He was student,
preacher, school-master, singing-master, writing-master. There was
scarcely any gift which he did not cultivate and could not employ in
his work. He had that rare facility of adaptation for want of which
often more eminent talents are useless. He translated familiar
hymns, school-books, and large portions of the Scriptures into the
language of Polynesia. An important aid to his success, it is
thought, was his musical taste and his ability as a singer. Within
three years after he landed, not less than sixty hymns had been
printed in the Hawaiian language. He found the work given him
to do, and he did it well.
On account of the failing health of his wife, Mr. Bingham was
compelled to return to the United States in 1840, after a period of a
little more than twenty years' labor at the Islands. He continued
in the service of the Board during the five following years, and did
not until the end of that time wholly abandon the hope of returning
to the mission. After so long an absence, however, believing that
he could not easily accommodate himself to the new state of things,
and unwilling yet to be laid aside from service, he began to act as
stated supply to various churches, particularly the church in Chester,
Mass., and the Temple Street Church, New Haven, Ct. His wife
died at Easthampton, Mass., February 27, 1848. His second mar-
riage was in 1852, to Miss Naomi C. Morse, teacher of a young
ladies' school in New Haven ; and with her he became in some
measure associated with the school, meanwhile preaching occasionally.
In 1863, an annuity was secured for him by the friends of missions
in different parts of the country, which somewhat relieved the pov-
erty and added to the comfort of his old age. His death occurred
after a brief illness, at his chosen home in New Haven. His funeral
was attended from the North Church in that city, of which he was a
member. Dr. Leonard Bacon made an address, in which he drew
an impressive contrast between the feelings the event awakened //(?r^,
and that which would have attended his funeral services in the
Islands, the field of his life's labor and success.
596 Co7igregational Necrology. [Oct.
Of the five children of Mr. Bingham, all born at the Sandwich
Islands, the only son and two daughters have returned to the mis-
sionary service. Mr. Bingham made a valuable contribution to the
missionary literature of our country in an octavo work of 616 pages,
entitled, "A residence of twenty-one years in the Sandwich Islands,"
or "The Civil, Religious, and Political History of the Sandwich
Islands," published at Hartford, Ct., in 1847. It is characterized
as a book "diffuse and somewhat cumbrous," but of "great historic
value," giving a "generally accurate" history of the mission down
to 1845. He was also the author of a little work of 58 pages, en-
titled, "Bartimeus of the Sandwich Islands," published by the
American Tract Society. In the Missionary Herald, January, 1870,
Dr. Anderson says of Mr. Bingham, and his work and field at
Honolulu : "The more important conflicts between sin and holiness
in that part of the world were fought there, and the missionary sta-
tioned there required undaunted courage and an inflexible will.
These, allied with good-nature, cheerfulness, and a calm persistency,
Mr. Bingham possessed in a high degree. We may, perhaps, say that
he was made for that position. The two successive kings, and the
chief men and women who ruled in his time, deferred unconsciously
to the moral power he was constantly exerting upon them ; and the
strong-minded, strong-willed Kaahumann was very much like him, in
the best features of her mind and character, after her conversion.
The traits of character which sometimes embarrassed his delibera-
tions when in counsel with his brother missionaries, and which stood
in the way of his acquiring a large personal influence among the
churches of his native land, were among the things required in the
peculiar circumstances of his position during the first twenty years
of the mission. In addition it may be said that he was sincere and
honest, without pretence, without selfish ends, an enemy to every
form and species of wickedness, and fearless in rebuking it ; of irre-
proachable character, loved by the good, and dreaded and hated by
the wicked." A. w. w.
Mrs. Mary Carter Clark died in Amherst, N. H., April 7, 187 1,
in her seventy-third year. She was born in Newburyport, Mass.,
Oct. 14, 1798. She was the daughter of Nathaniel and Eliza (Cutts)
Carter. Her father was a prominent merchant in that city previous
to the great fire there in 18 11, by which, and by losses of vessels at
sea about the same time, the family was reduced from wealth to
comparative poverty. Her mother was a granddaughter of Rev.
Edward Holyoke, d. d., one of the former presidents of Harvard
1 8/ 1.] Congregational Necrology. 597
CoUege. The daughter Mary, the subject of this notice, soon
after the losses of the family, went to Portsmouth, N. H., to reside
with a maternal uncle, with whom she passed several years of her
youth.
She was married Dec. 25, 1816, to George Wheelwright, Esq.,
collector of the port of Kennebunk, Me. Of their five children, a
son and a daughter died in early childhood. Three still live : George
A. Wheelwright, Esq., graduate of Bowdoin College, for many years
a teacher in Portland, now residing in Wells, Me. ; Dea. J. S. Wheel-
wright, merchant in Bangor ; and Mary C., the wife of Rev. C. P.
Felch, Aurora, 111.
Mr. Wheelwright died at Bangor, Me., April 14, 1845. Mrs.
Wheelwright became the wife of Rev. William Clark, then District
Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M., Dec. 26, 1848, and soon after re-
moved with him from Fryeburg, Me., where he then resided, to
Amherst, N. H., where she continued till her death.
To natural personal charms in Mrs. Clark, dignified, graceful bear-
ing, refinement and delicacy of feeling, quick perception of propriety,
mildness and gentleness, were added good sense, a strong intellect,
improved by generous culture. Possessing unusual conversational
powers, modest, unpretending, kind, and conciliatory, she was attrac-
tive to the young and the aged. The recognition of God, as a pres-
ent God, in all the vicissitudes of life, acquiescence in the allotments
of His providence, and filial trust in Him, were peculiarities of her
character and life.
Mrs. Clark greatly esteemed the ministers of Christ for their
work's sake ; loved His church and people. Greatly interested in
the Christian enterprises of the age, she kept herself informed of
their condition, success, and prospects ; contributed habitually, cheer-
fully, and generously towards their support. In all domestic rela-
tions she was a beautiful model and given to hospitality.
As her husband was called by official duties from home much of
the time, she not only uncomplainingly submitted to his frequently
long absences, cheerfully and lovingly aiding him in preparation for
the same, but aided him much as respondent in his absence to his
correspondents, and thus enabled him to be much more with the
churches abroad than he could otherwise have been.
In her severe sickness of more than two years' continuance, Mrs.
Clark exhibited the lovely traits ever shown in the days of her
health. Very slowly did death do its work. But exhausted nature
yielded at last. Gently she "fell asleep in Jesus."
w. c.
598 Congregational Necrology. [Oct.
Allen Hazen, of Hartford, Vt., died at St. Johnsbury, Vt.,
June 2, 1871.
He was the son of Asa and Susannah (Tracy) Hazen, and was
born Aug. 6, 1795, on the place which was his home through life,
though a few years of early manhood were spent away. Thomas
Hazen, his grandfather, was one of the first settlers of the town,
coming from Connecticut in 1765, and building his log cabin on the
same place which has always remained in possession of the family.
His descendants were numerous, and some of them have done and
are still doing honor to Vermont and other States, in the ministry
and other callings. Gen. Hazen, of Fort McAllister fame, is of this
family.
Austin Hazen, oldest brother of Allen, spent his life in the minis-
try in his native town and in Berlin, Vt., and four of his sons are
now on the list of our Congregational ministry, — two in Vermont
and one in Connecticut, — while the oldest, Allen, has been for
twenty-five years a missionary of the American Board among the
Mahrattas in India. Another nephew, Austin H. Wright, was the
widely-known and beloved physician of the Nestorian mission.
The mental characteristics of the subject of this sketch made him
a promising candidate for professional life, and he entered Dart-
mouth College with the class of 18 17. Weakness of his eyes,
however, compelled him to abandon his course of study in the Soph-
omore year. He spent a year or two after as a clerk in Boston, and
then found his way to Wheeling, Va., as a teacher. Here he made
friends, and success was opening before him, when alarming pul-
monar)^ symptoms were developed, and he was compelled to abandon
his work and set his face homeward, with but scanty hope of reach-
ing his friends alive. The changes which fifty years have wrought
are suggested by his route in this emergency. To return to Vermont,
he went down the Ohio and Mississippi in a flat-boat to New Orleans,
and came thence to Boston by a sailing vessel, but spending a year
in the custom-house at New Orleans, principally to earn the means
of continuing his journey. While there he passed through the perils
of the yellow fever, and experienced a violent attack. Only the
foresight which had provided the medicine necessary in such an
emergency saved his life.
Returning to Vermont at last, and with health improved, the old
home soon came into his possession, and he spent his life as a farmer.
In January, 1832, he married Hannah Putnam, daughter of Col.
Israel Putnam Dana, of Danville, Vt., with whom he constituted the
head of an exemplary Christian family. She survives him, with two
1 8/ 1.] Congregaiional Necrology. 599
sons and one daughter, — Rev. Henry A. Hazen, of Pittsfield, N. H.,
being one of the sons.
Sound judgment, superior intelHgence, and inflexible honesty gave
Mr. Hazen extensive influence among his fellow-citizens. He sev-
eral times represented Hartford in the legislature, was often called
to be administrator of estates, and was sought for various other posts
of responsibility.
His patriotism was like the love of a child for an honored parent.
Tenderly he prayed and wept for his country in her late struggle,
but always with confidence in her ultimate triumph. His religion
was based on a clear apprehension of Christian doctrine. It was a
steady light, because of the constant exercise of uncompromising
principle. Few men deny the gratification of their tastes as much
as he did, for the sake of liberally supporting the institutions of the
Gospel at home and abroad ; few apply so carefully the spirit of
the New Testament to all business transactions ; fewer still are
so marked for punctuality. His seat in church was never vacant
without good reason. With much business on hand, he could almost
always find time for the weekly prayer-meeting. His harmonious
Christian life was a perpetual reproof to the partial and fragmen-
tary Christian.
As a counsellor of ministers and of the churches, he was discreet
and esteemed. Results commonly vindicated the soundness of his
opinions, and his pastor always found him a trustworthy friend. His
aesthetic culture seemed to aid him to a sweeter foretaste of heaven,
and in the beautiful garden where he labored so lovingly he found
some of the highest satisfactions of his life.
His last sickness was a lung fever, which assailed him violently
while visiting friends in St. Johnsbury. It did not permit him to
give any free expression to his feelings ; but he was able to say
" Yes," most positively, to the inquiry, if, in view of death, all was
bright beyond. While his loss has brought grief to the household
within whose circle his gentle graces shone with exceeding beauty,
the churches of the vicinity have lost a devoted friend and wise
counsellor. b. f. r.
Mrs. Mary Cushing Rand, who was born in Ashburnham, April
27, 1782, died in that town June X2, 1871, aged 89 years. Her
father was Rev. John Cushing, D. d., who was pastor of the Congre-
gational church in Ashburnham fifty-five years. Her mother was
Sarah Parkman, daughter of Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, of West-
borough. Thomas Parkman Cushing, of Boston, who liberally
6oo Co7igregational Necrology. [Oct.
endowed academical institutions in Asliburnham, was a brother of
Mrs. Rand. She enjoyed the usual opportunities for education in the
country towns at that period, and also a term of study in Boston.
In 1804 she was married to Mr. Elisha Coolidge, of Boston. By this
marriage she had one son, the late Elisha Tileston Coolidge, of
Cincinnati, Ohio. After the death of her husband in 1806, she re-
turned to the home of her parents, and superintended the affairs of
the household till their death at an advanced age, her father dying in
1823, and her mother in 1825. In 1826 she was married to Rev.
Asa Rand, then editor of the Boston Recorder, with whom she lived
nearly forty-five years. Her husband returning to the ministry in
1840, for fifteen years thereafter she held the position of a pastor's
wife in New York and Ohio. In 1855, when past the age of
seventy-three, she returned with her husband to Asliburnham, and to
the people among whom she was reared and had been greatly es-
teemed, to enjoy a quiet home in the evening of life, and also to take
care of an aged and infirm brother. It was a joy to her to be able
to close that brother's eyes in death before she was called away.
I^iving a few years after this, and retaining her faculties remarkably,
age nevertheless was becoming more of a burden, and she stood
awaiting the summons to depart. Preparation was made as coolly
as if she was about to start upon a journey. She wondered at times
why the Master tarried so long. At last, after a few days of illness,
she fell asleep most peacefully.
Mrs. Rand was an excellent specimen of the gentlewomen of olden
time. In industry, energ}'^, decision, perseverance, patience, good,
. practical sense, kindliness of heart and evenness of disposition, pru-
dence of speech and action, — she was a model. As a daughter,
wife, mother, mother-in-law, and in her public relations to the people
where she resided, she was most faithful and veiy highly esteemed.
She was a sincere friend and punctual correspondent to the end of
life. She was an earnest Christian, and felt great interest in the
church her father served so long, and in the cause of Christ and of
philanthropy in general. She lived for others pre-eminently. Her
way through life was radiant with blessings conferred and in good
deeds done. Yet she was utterly without pretension or show. She
thought herself the least of all. Her hope of salvation was in Christ
alone. Thus another faithful one has departed. Another link,
uniting us to the past, is severed. May her mantle fall on many who
shall fill up the departed ranks of the good on earth.
J. D. c.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 6oi
LITERARY REVIEW.
THEOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS.
In the arena of conflict between sceptical scientists and Christian phi-
losophers we welcome the athletic Dr. McCosh. As a practised dialec-
tician he is a formidable opponent, and he brings to the defence of the
truth a varied and extensive erudition. His recent lectures on "Chris-
tianity and Positivism " ^ are timely and valuable. The style is clear
and strong, and, with rare exceptional sentences, it is scholarly and attrac-
tive. The author is too broad in his sympathies to be a bigot, and too
liberal and progressive in his tendencies to reject a truth because it is
new. He encourages a spirit of free inquiry, and fosters no jealousy of
philosophy or of science. In this volume he gives three Lectures on
Christianity and Physical Science, four on Christianity and Mental Science,
three on Christianity and Historical Investigation, and in the Appendix
three articles: I. Gaps in the Theory of Development; II. Darwin's
Descent of Man ; III. Principles of Herbert Spencer's Philosophy.
There are portions of the book which evince extensive reading and a
remarkable acquaintance with the latest devolopments of science, and the
pretentious assumptions of scientific men. The first lecture is compact
and instructive. But there are other parts of the volume which are far
more rhetorical than scientific, and are tedious from the want of due prog-
ress in the thought. This may be accounted for in some degree from the
fact that these lectures were written to be orally delivered ; but when
we consider that his audience consisted of the theological students in
Union Seminary, the circumstance that the lectures were to be thus
spoken is a very poor apology for their being so popular in their style.
Dr. McCosh evidently has not been in this country long enough to fully
appreciate the American mind. His lectures compare very unfavorably in
style with the " Boston Lectures," which were addressed, not to theological
students, but to popular audiences.
Sometimes he uses a word in a strange sense. Thus he says of " Mat-
ter and Force," " I believe that we know both of these by intuition." The
word "intuition" must be employed in a broad sense in such a connection
as this! He indulges in the old tautological phrase, "every effect is
caused " ; and then explains his meaning to be, " that everything which
begins to be has a cause."
Here and there a sentence is so introduced that it is difficult to deter-
mine whether he is expressing his own sentiments or those of a party
1 Christianity and Positivism : a series of lectures to the times on Natural The-
ology and Apologetics. By James McCosh, D. D., LL. D., President of the College
of New Jersey, Princeton. New York : Robert Carter & Brothers. 1871. i2mo.
pp. 369. I1.75.
6o2 Literary Review. [Oct.
under review. Thus he says, " It is now acknowledged that the logical
processes of definition and reasoning can do little in religion." (p. 157.)
And again, " Every one sees how flickering a light the reason, in the
sense of the logical understanding and the reasoning process, can throw
on the grand problems of religion, which the heart insists upon having
solved." (p. 160.) If he here sets forth his own views, we marvel at the
statement.
To give dramatic power to his discourse, he takes great liberties, to say
the least, in varying the tenses of his verbs. Thus, " The intellectual era
seems to culminate in Greece in the days of Pericles, when free thought
and art and literature have reached their zenith. But in that very age, a
new and a vastly greater power comes into view. Socrates is defeated,
and yet Socrates conquers. He drinks the hemlock, and dies; but it is in
the hope of an immortality. ... A new struggle for existence has begun.
It was exhibited and symbolized at Thermopylae." (p. 56.)
A speaker, by allusions to himself, may sometimes bring his personal
influence to bear most effectively upon his audience ; but these personal
allusions, when transferred to the printed page, seem to indicate an oifen-
sive self-consciousness or a personal vanity. This point finds illustration
in the following sentences : Respecting the " Correlation of the Forces,"
he says, " I was prepared, from its first announcement, to receive this
truth ; for it follows directly from a doctrine laid down by me twenty-one
years ago, in my work on ' The Method of the Divine Government' " (p .14.)
Again, "And here I may remark, that Mr. Mill has been showing (I think
successfully, and I have been aiding him in my own way) that what are
usually called conditions are truly parts of the cause." (p. 22.) And again,
" Where, when, and whence did we get the first seed, or living creature,
producing seed after its kind ? When they show us this, I engage, if they
do it while I am alive, to point out some nice adaptations in the production
of this before unknown phenomenon." (p. 27.)
The most unsatisfactory portion of the volume is that which treats of
the so-called " Boston Theology." We object to the phrase. Prominent
as the Unitarians have been for the last half century in this old city of the
Puritans, they have no such possession of the city as would warrant the
appropriation of its name to their theology. Moreover, Dr. McCosh in-
cludes under this term not only Unitarians, but deists and infidels ; and in
this comprehensive classification there is no such unity of doctrine among
the diverse elements as can be designated by such a phrase. Dr. McCosh
takes great pains to compliment the Unitarians and free-thinkers on their
"literary ability," their "beautiful papers with noble thoughts and elevated
sentiments," and their influence " on literature altogether for good," all
which would be in better taste had they not made themselves offensive as
a body of mutual admirers, and claimed for themselves, in this regard, a
relative position far above their merits. Their attainments in belles-
lettres we have no disposition to dispute ; but in sacred learning,
minute analysis, and broad philosophical grasp, they have never yet
reached the standard of the Evangelicals whom they vainly despise. 1 1
1 87 1.] Literary Revietv. ■ 603
is a curious fact that he ascribes the free thought of Boston to the influ-
ence of Coleridge, while in this country it is the old-school orthodox party
who cherish the highest regard for the writings of that author.
Of Dr. Channing, Dr. McCosh remarks : " His firm and consistent op-
position to slavery is a continued rebuke of the conduct of many chicken-
hearted or timeserving Evangelicals, who are loud enough now in their
denunciations, but could keep wonderfully quiet an age ago, and ever said
hush when the troublesome subject was started." That there were
" Evangelicals " deserving of this censure is true, and we have no dispo-
sition to shield them ; but this sentence conveys the impression that the
Evangelicals were specially in fault in this regard, — an impression which
the enemies of orthodoxy have industriously and persistently made and
enforced, but the falsity of which ought ere this to be understood. Who
were the only two martyrs in the great antislavery agitation ? Orthodox
ministers. A large proportion of the prominent radical Garrisonians were
taken from this class, and a still larger proportion of those who were true
to antislavery sentiments, without being untrue to Christian institutions.
Of the fifty-six agents employed by the American Antislavery Society
prior to 1837, forty-three were ministers. In 1837, more than half of the
Evangelical ministers in Massachusetts, if we except the Episcopalians,
were members of antislavery societies on the principle of immediate
emancipation ; while only one in eight of the Unitarian ministers had the
honor of such an enrolment. Dr. McCosh should inform himself on this
subject before, even by implication, he lends his influence to perpetuate
an old and exploded slander.
With but little of argument, the author represents infidelity as the
natural outgrowth of Unitarianism. It is an easy matter to assume this,
as the Romanist assumes that infidelity is the legitimate fruit of Protes-
tantism ; but Dr. McCosh ought to have appreciated this as a vital point,
on which the full force of his artillery should be brought to bear.
Our author further says of Dr. Channing : " But everybody sees that he
has failed to prove that Socinianism, or Unitarianism, is in the Bible, in the
letter or in the spirit of it." " Everybody " is a broad phrase to use
in such a connection. The declaration may well be regarded as effron-
tery by the serious-minded Unitarians, and it is a criticism made not
without justice by the editor of The Liberal Christian, viz. : " He knows
much less than he ought to know, although wholly unconscious of it him-
self, of the nature and tendencies of the Unitarianism which he conde-
scendingly patronizes with one hand, and disparages and rebukes with
the other."
Dr. McCosh enters upon the discussion of the subject with the asser-
tion, " I feel as if I were familiar with the Boston Theology " ; and again
he says, " I am speaking what I know." We would suggest that if he
continues to treat American schools of philosophy and speculation as
superficially as he has in this volume, and in such a confident air, he must
not think strange should some Americans suspect him of equal flippancy
on other themes with which they may be less familiar.
6o4 Literary Review. [Oct.
While we notice these defects in the volume before us, we do not fail to
recognize the merits of the discussion and the valuable service which the
distinguished author renders to the cause of truth.
The students of theology are greatly indebted to Dr. Hodge for pre-
paring his course of lectures for the press, instead of leaving them to be
published posthumously. But the extent of their indebtedness can be
appreciated only by a consideration of the character of the works them-
selves. Under the title of " Systematic Theology," he gives us the results
of his life-long study. The first volume, of stately proportions, with the
date of 1872, has already appeared.^ Nearly two hundred pages are intro-
ductory, treating of " Method, Theology, Rationalism, iVIysticism, Roman
Catholicism, and the Protestant Rule of Faith." Then comes " Part I.,
Theology Proper," in which are given thirteen chapters on "The Origin
of the Idea of God ; Theism ; Anti-Theistic Theories ; Knowledge of
God ; The Nature and Attributes of God ; The Trinity ; The Divinity
of Christ ; The Holy Spirit ; The Decrees of God ; Creation ; Provi-
dence ; Miracles, and Angels."
It is not necessary for a person to agree fully with the author in all his
theories in order to appreciate the great worth of this volume. It evinces
vast learning. It embraces much of the history of doctrines, and is written
in a simple, lucid, and admirable style. We are gratified to see that while
giving prominence to the Scriptures and to catechisms, he yet honors
reason by acknowledging that it is its prerogative " to judge of the credi-
bility of a revelation," and concedes to it the "judicium contradictionis.''''
He assumes "the validity of those laws of belief which God has impressed
upon our nature," including in these laws "first truths, which God has
implanted in the constitution of all moral beings, and which no objective
revelation can possibly contradict." He honors science, which is science
indeed, by admitting that " it may happen in the future, as it has in the
past, that interpretations of the Bible, long confidently received, must be
modified or abandoned, to bring revelation into harmony with what God
teaches in his works."
When we notice divergent lines it is interesting to trace them to the
very point of departure. The slight turning of a small switch sometimes
leads on to wide separation. So far as there are differences between Prof.
Hodge and the New England Theology, we find the switch just here.
" The question is not first and mainly. What is true to the understanding ?
but. What is true to the renewed heart.'' ... It might be easy to lead
men to the conclusion that they are responsible only for their voluntary
acts, if the appeal is made solely to the understanding. But if the appeal
be made to every man's, and especially to every Christian's, inward ex-
perience, the opposite conclusion is reached. We are convinced of the
sinfulness of states of the mind as well as of voluntary acts, even when
' Systematic Theology. By Charles Hodge, D. D., Professor in the Theological
Seminary, Princeton, New Jersey. Vol. I. New York : Charles Scribner & Co.
1872. pp. 648. $i,.QO.
1 871.] Literary Review. 605
those states are not the effect of our own agency, and are not subject to
the power of the will." (p. 16.) This appeal to " the inward teaching of the
Spirit," he represents as " the distinguishing feature of Augustinianism " ;
and yet Professor Hodge does not presume to make this " inward experi-
ence" any "part of the rule of faith," but only "an invaluable guide in
determining what the rule of faith teaches."
In maintaining "the salvation of infants," he reconciles the doctrine
with our Lord's assertion that " only a few enter the gate which leadeth
unto life," by asserting that " this is to be understood of adults. What
the Bible says is intended for those in all ages to whom it is addressed.
But it is addressed to those who can either read or hear." (p. 26.) We
would ask, and we press the inquiry, if he gives infants the benefit of such
a theory of interpretation as this as to salvation, why should he not also
give them the benefit of it as to character, and maintain that what the
Bible teaches as to the moral condition of mankind is intended to apply
only to adults " to whom it is addressed " ?
We anticipate with interest the forthcoming volumes.
" Religion of the Present and of the Future " ^ is the title of a volume
of sermons just given to the public by President Woolsey. It consists 01
twepty-five discourses, and is dedicated to the graduates of Yale as an ac-
knowledgment of the respect and love which they have shown the author.
We need not say that these sermons are of marked ability, — for this is
true of every product of this classic and fertile mind. They are philosoph-
ical, without being ostentatiously so in form ; theological, while free
from the nomenclature of the schools ; evangelical and practical, yet emi-
nently suggestive to the thoughtful mind. The style is elegantly simple.
Many of the themes are unusual, having been selected for special occa-
sions, and hence the volume is of peculiar interest to professional men,
leading their minds somewhat out of ordinary channels ; and as the fruit-
age of a mind whose prominent associations have been classic rather than
theological, it has to ministers a freshness which is specially attractive.
We are gratified at being able to announce that American biblical stu-
dents can now avail themselves, at moderate cost, of Dean Alford's cele-
brated " New Testament for English Readers," ^ in four sumptuous octavo
volumes. This great work has hitherto been within the reach of compara-
tively few, and its size and expense have prevented its republication in this
country. But Messrs. Lee & Shepard, of this city, have made complete
arrangements to supply the American market, and large editions have been
printed in England for them.
1 The Religion of the Present and of the Future. Sermons preached chiefly at
Yale College. By Theodore D. Woolsey. New York : Charles Scribner & Co.
1871. i2mo. pp. 402. $1.75.
'^ The New Testament for English Readers ; containing the authorized version
with marginal corrections of readings and renderings, marginal references, and a
critical and explanatory commentary. By Henry Alford, D. D., Dean of Canter-
bury, Boston : Lee & Shepard. Four volumes. 8 vo. $16.00.
6o6 Literary Review. [Oct.
Of the value of this book it is scarcely necessary to speak ; its reputa-
tion is established among all biblical students, and as a thesaurus of all
accessible knowledge on New Testament matters it has no rival. This
edition is intended for those who are not famihar with the Greek language,
and to put them in possession of some of the principal results of the labors
of critics and scholars of the sacred text. There are, of course, many in-
stances in which this cannot be done, for there are niceties of meaning and
connection " which," in Mr. Alford's words, " depend on the import of the
constructions and the particles in a language far surpassing ouf own in its
power of expressing the varying shades and slightest turns of thought."
But it is believed that there are far more cases where there is no reason
why these results should not be imparted to him. And the more we value
the inspired Word of God, the more anxious ought we to be that all should
possess every help to insure the purity of its text, and to ascertain and
establish its true meaning.
Two fundamental principles running through this work are to be noticed.
First, Mr. Alford regards the canonical books of the Old and New Testa-
ments as given by inspiration of Almighty God, and in this respect to differ
from all other books in the world ; and he rests his belief " on the consent
of Christ's Holy Catholic church," and on evidence furnished by these
books themselves ; second, that God delivered this revelation of Himself
to man by the vehicles of human testimony, human speech and human
writing, and, consequently, he finds in these books all the phenomena
necessarily incident to these human vehicles. Thus, the sacred writers
testified that which was true ; the Spirit of Truth dwelt in them specially
for this purpose ; but He did not divest their testimony of its human char-
acter. Mr. Alford's amplifications of these propositions are very interest-
ing and suggestive, and cannot fail to command respect, even where they
do not secure the immediate assent of the reader.
In regard to alleged discrepancies, Mr. Alford puts forth a very common-
sense view, not new by any means, but gathering increased weight from the
high authority indorsing it. He says, in substance, that the evangelists
wrote what they saw or heard, or which they found in trustworthy records,
and in this remembrance and selection were guided by the Holy Spirit.
But each one reported and selected according to his own personal charac-
teristics of thought and feeling. The result of this may be thus stated :
Each of the Gospel records is true, relating facts which happened and as
they happened. If we could now see the details of the events, we should
see how these narratives are true ; but .not thus seeing, we must be pre-
pared to find some discrepancies in these independent accounts, and we
must not expect that we can reconcile them in all cases. The time will
probably come, but is not now, when we shall be permitted to glorify God
for the truth of his Word in every particular. With these views, Mr.
Alford never attempts to force discrepancies into accordance, and says " I
shrink from doing so, and I see no end to be gained by doing so. On the
other handj I believe the confirmation of the faith, gained by the testimony
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 607
which these discrepancies furnish to the absolute independence of the nar-
ratives, to be of infinitely more importance than would Ije the most com-
plete piecing together of them into one apparently harmonious whole."
We are glad that this great work is now well before our public ; it will
stimulate to increased study in biblical literature, and the more thoroughly
the Bible is studied, the more complete will be its triumphs over all its ene-
mies. The general reader will find the volumes full of interest, and the
critical student will find all that he can desire. It should be said that this
edition has the great value of a careful comparison with Tischendorf's
Sinaitic manuscript, and it is also conformed to the last edition of Alford's
well-known Greek Testament.
The first volume of what is familiarly known as "The Speaker's Com-
mentary," 1 containing Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuter-
onomy, has been published by Charles Scribner & Co., and will be fol-
lowed by the remaining volumes in rapid succession. The somewhat
singular title (Speaker's) has its origin in the fact that, about seven years
ago, the Speaker of the House of Commons conceived the idea of this com-
mentary, mentioned it to several prelates and theologians, and finally con-
sulted the Archbishop of York, who, in the face of many and great practical
difficulties, at last distributed the labor of preparing the work among dif-
ferent scholars. Speaker Denison's desire was for a commentary in which
the latest information might be made accessible to men of ordinary culture,
in the conviction that while the Word of God does not change, it must
touch at new points the changing phases of physical, philological, and his-
torical knowledge, so that the comments that suit one generation are felt
by another to be obsolete.
The text is reprinted, without alteration, from the authorized version of
161 1, with marginal references and renderings, and amended translations
are given in the notes. Thirty-six English divines are engaged upon the
work, a large portion of whom are widely known for their valuable contri-
butions to the literature of the Bible. Judging by this initial volume, we
think they have done their work well. The especial characteristics are,
compactness and directness in the notes, and the giving of the results of
the latest and best studies without detailing the processes by which these
results have been attained. While the natural bias of the book is in the
line of reverent belief rather than willing scepticism, there is an evident
intention to meet all difficulties fairly; and where there are apparent
antagonisms between the Bible and science, — as on certain geological
points, the antiquity of man, etc., — the commentators do not utter them-
selves dogmatically, but advise to a suspension of judgment until further
research shall furnish a sound basis for decision. A cautious conservatism
is another characteristic, and refreshing, too, in these days of wild specu-
1 The Holy Bible, according to the authorized version, with an explanatory and
cridcal commentary, and a revision of the translation, by bishops and other clergy
of the Anglican Church. Edited by B. F. Cook, m. a., Canon of Exeter. New
York : Charles Scribner & Co. Vol. I. pp. 928. 8vo. $5.00.
6o8 Literary Review. [Oct.
lations and rash conclusions. Of course, we have not examined the volume
so thoroughly as to enable us to pronounce it wholly good ; this would be
impossible ; but we do believe, from the somewhat careful examination we
have given to different portions, that it is a well-arranged, well-digested,
sound, and scholarly work, admirably adapted to the wants of the public,
and putting them in possession of the latest information and criticisms of
biblical matters. We have found the notes and essays excellent speci-
mens of condensed scholarship ; and if the remaining volumes of the series
(eight in all) shall equal this, we shall feel that a great and honorable ser-
vice has been done in one of the most glorious of causes, — the promotion
of a clear understanding of the Word of God. As Charles Scribner & Co.
publish this commentar)', it is, of course, well printed and bound.
Rev. Dr. Cowles completes his labors on the prophetical books of the
Bible by his recently published commentary on the " Revelation of John."i
This is marked by the same excellences that characterize the other
volumes of this author, prominent among which are simplicity of state-
ment, conciseness, and an ever-present desire to ascertain the most
natural interpretation of the symbolic text. In view of the diverse theories
that have been put forth in regard to the Apocalypse, he says that his
aim has been to evolve the laws of interpretation applicable to this book
out of the book itself, — an aim more praiseworthy than easy of attainment.
Dr. Cowles agrees substantially, on many important points, with Professor
Stuart, and, primarily, as to the time when John wrote, and thus all events
referred to or prefigured in Revelation must be determined upon this basis.
Dr. Pond, of Bangor, in his work "The Seals Opened" (just pubhshed by
Hoyt, Fogg & Breed, of Portland), differs radically from Stuart and
Cowles, and he refers so frequently to the latter in his discussions, that the
two books should be read in connection. The theory of each is plausible,
and the reader may, and probably will, be in doubt as to which is most
conclusive in its arguments, and will rise from the perusal with a stronger
conviction than ever that the Bible is a book " in which are things hard to
be understood," especially the book of Revelation, and, very possibly,
things that the Lord never intended us to understand.
Prof. Gardiner's " Harmony of the Four Gospels," - in English, is
simply a reproduction of his " Harmony of the Four Gospels " in Greek,
noticed at length in our last number, with such portions omitted as re-
quire an acquaintance with the Greek language. The text is that of the
common version, with such changes only as have been well settled by the
latest critical studies. The arrangement of paragraphs, of quotations
1 The Revelation of John ; with Notes, Critical, Explanatory, and Practical,
Designed for both Pastors and People. By Rev. Henry Cowles, D. D. New
York : D. Appleton & Co. 8vo. p. 254.
2 "A Harmony of the Four Gospels," in English. According to the authorized
version. Corrected by the best critical editors of the original. By Frederic
Gardiner. Andover : W. Y. Draper. 8vo. pp. 287. $2.00.
1 87 1.] Literary Review. 609
from the Old Testament, parallel references and notes, is systematic and
perspicuous, and the synoptical tables are valuable and wellnigh indis-
pensable aids to the student. The book is elegantly printed on excellent
paper, and the only drawback we notice is a long list of " Errata." Our
way with such lists, if not too long, is to transfer the corrections to their
proper places in the text, and then carefully remove the list from the book.
In this connection we mention with commendation a little work by Prof.
Gardiner, called " Diatessaron, or the Life of our Lord," in the words of the
gospels. This attempt to make one continuous narrative is quite satisfac-
tory, and the book has a unique attractiveness from the very nature of its
construction. It is published by Mr. Draper, of Andover, with his usual
elegance of paper and type.
We have not space in this number to say all that we would li:- ^ regard-
ing the " Portable Commentary " recently published by Gould & Lincoln of
this city, and we refer our readers to their advertisement on another page.
It is the only satisfactory work of the kind within our knowledge. In the
two portable volumes we have a succinct and yet thorough critical and
explanator)' commentary on the whole Bible, — sound in the faith, abreast
of modern thought and study, and just such a work as Sabbath-school
teachers and intelligent laymen have long wanted, but have been unable
to procure. The larger commentaries are too bulky and too expensive
for general use, and also contain a great deal that can interest or instruct
only the critical student. This work, on the contrary, imparts all the
information wanted by the average reader, and at a cost within his easy
reach. The type is fine, but clear, and when it is borne in mind that the
book is not designed for continuous reading, but for reference, the seem-
ing objection is removed. We shall refer again and more critically to this
work.
Among the valuable works issued by Lippincott, we have received "A
Greek and English Concordance of the New Testament." ^ Every student
of the Bible is led by experience to appreciate the aid of a good Concord-
ance, and no thorough student is satisfied with simply an English work.
Those who cannot avail themselves of the cumbersome and expensive
" Englishman's Greek Concordance of the New Testament," will be happy
to know that they can now have, in convenient form and at moderate
expense, a Concordance which will show at a glance all the passages in
which any given Greek word can be found, under such an alphabetical
order as greatly to facilitat'" their studies. A full English Index is added,
which is of great value to those who are not ^miliar with the Greek, The
name of Dr. Abbott is a sufficient guarantee of the critical correctness of
the work.
1 A critical Greek and English Concordance of the New Testament. Prepared
by Charles F. Hudson, under the direction of Horace L. Hastings. Revised and
completed by Ezra Abbott, ll.d., Assistant Librarian of Harvard University.
Second Edition, Revised. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1S71. i2mo,
pp. 502. ;S52.5o.
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. III. NO. 4. 40
6 10 Literary Review. [Oct.
The " True Site of Calvary " i is the title of a beautifully printed, thin
volume, prefixed by a map of the holy city, issued by Randolph & Co.
The design of the work is to prove that "the grotto of Jeremiah,"
or, rather, " the crown of the isolated, skull-shaped hill, situated a few
rods north of the Damascus Gate," in which hill the vast grotto was
excavated, is the very spot where our Lord suffered and died. The
paper shows much research, and the theme is one of tender and sacred
interest.
An anonymous writer puts forth in a small volume one part, or chapter,
of an unfinished work, with the title, " Thoughts on Mediation, or, the
Relation of Christ to the World." 2 In this case, certainly, we doubt the
correctness of the old proverb, " Ab uno disce ommes." The subject is too
difficult and too important for such fragmentary treatment ; and while it is
e^adent that the author has something to say and ability to say it, the in-
completeness of this published portion of his book places him at a disad-
vantage with the reader. He discusses the function of thought with care
and discrimination, and his main line of argument is conclusive, if his
premises be admitted. But here he differs from many modern writers, —
notably the "scientists," so called, — as he distinguishes man from all
other animals by the function of thought, ai;d bases his argument on this
distinction. These functions are classed as, I. That of Language. IL
Proportion, or the relation of forms, subdivided under three heads, — pure
mathematics, applied science, and art. III. Jurisprudence, or Law; — in
all which the author claims man is not only superior to, but essentially dif-
ferent from, all the animals. By language he has general ideas, society ;
through proportion he has form, beauty, art, mathematics ; from law, order,
government, morals.
The book is sufficiently dry to suit the average metaphysician, and its
readers will be in number similar to those audiences described in the
newspapers as " small but appreciative."
Very much has been wTitten, some of it wisely and well, upon the Lord's
Prayer. It is a fertile theme. The author of the little volume before us ^
evidently preached the book before he printed it. Taking each petition as
a text, and giving to each about the same space, makes sermons of very
unequal richness and value. He found it necessary to expand and compress,
here and there, somewhat to the disadvantage of the book as a whole. It
is pleasant reading, however, and has much that will be useful to the gen-
eral reader. The volume is neatly printed and well bound.
1 The True Site of Calvary, and Suggestions relating to the Resurrection. By
Fisher Howe, author of Oriental and Sacred Scenes, with an illustrative map of
Jerusalem. New York : Anson D. F. Randolph & Co. pp.68. $1.00.
2 Mediation. The Function of Thought Andover : W. F. Draper. i6mo.
pp. 213. $1.25.
8 The Lord's Prayer, by Henry J. Van Dyke, D. D., pastor of the First Presby-
terian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y. New York: 1871. pp. 194. ^1,25.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 6ii
Of " the state of the dead " little can be known beyond what is plainly
revealed in the Bible. When we enter the domain of speculation, one
man's opinion is about as good as any other man's, for by neither is the
world made essentially the wiser. Just why a second edition of Mr. West's
book ^ is called for we have failed to discern after looking it through with
some care. He is a firm believer in the resurrection of the body, " every
atom," in the immediate development of every infant, on entering heaven,
into a full-grown person, so that " there will be no infants in heavenP
Italics are his. He is bold in his language, using the words " damned,"
''damnation," "hell," and such like, as frequently, and often as needlessly,
as some of the writers of a century ago. He seems to forget that there is
a golden mean between temerity and timidity. The work, however, has
some good qualities.
Rev. John Weiss has written a book,^ in which he attempts to tell what
is, or should be, the American religion ; and, as nearly as we can under-
stand his views, the prominent characteristics of this religion are a
great deal of Weiss, and a very little of Christianity. Mr. Weiss is a
singularly fascinating, and at the same time disappointing writer. He has
a richness and versatility of expression, an epigrammatic and often poetic
style, and a beauty of illustration, which continually delight the reader.
But he is so conspicuous that he seems as if exhibiting his literary wares,
like a Jew, in front of his clothing-store. He is one of those "liberal"
souls who think all who do not agree with them to be bigots or fools, and
does not seem to know that it is possible to deal fairly with those who
differ, and that people have the same right to believe in Christ that he
has to reject Him. He throws most brilliant ridicule and splendid rhetor-
ical contempt upon established religions, beliefs, and practices, and abuses
Christians and Christianity in a style which shows how much he enjoys
the sport. He accounts no one religiously honest but himself, and makes
it evident on every page that if there be an American religion, he is its
exponent and high-priest. There are some excellent thoughts in this
book, elegantly expressed ; there is much that rises into the realm of real
poetry ; there is on every page something to charm the thinker and scholar.
But the animus of the book is radically defective ; and when the reader has
mastered its contents, he finds that the " conclusion of the whole matter "
is a futile attempt to destroy true Christianity, without offering any
satisfactory substitute.
HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.
Protestants as well as Roman Catholics are indebted to Patrick
Donahoe, of this city, for a fine edition, in two bulky octavo volumes,
1 The State of the Dead, by Rev. Anson. West. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott
& Co. 1871. pp. 258.
2 American Religion, by John Weiss, Boston : Roberts Brothers. i6mo. pp.
326. iJi.So.
6i2 Literaty Review. [Oct.
Count De Montalembert's great work, "The Monks of the West." ^ We
have turned its pages and tried its quality with pleasure and profit, and
are wearied with continual surprise at the erudition and painstaking of
the author, and also with the candor with which he discusses his subject.
He has not substituted panegyric for history, nor has he ventured upon
the ignorance of the reader by gloss and unworthy bias. At least, so it
seems to us. We confess that the book opens to us a wealth of knowl-
edge, and that it is one more of the cumulative evidences of the stores of
ecclesiastical literature held by the Roman Catholic church in the writings
of her learned men. And we take occasion to say that we consider it one
of the encouraging " signs of the times," that the Catholics are putting
forth so many books of sterling merit. Time was, and that not long ago,
when a book by a Catholic writer was a rarity among us ; but it is so no
longer, as our Literary Review has frequently proved. What we Protes-
tants claim, is, that discussion and investigation will ultimately vindicate
and establish truth ; and while we radically differ on many fundamental prin-
ciples, and consequently on processes and conclusions, trom the Catholics,
we are not unmindful of truth and piety wherever found ; and certainly, in
many of the books issued recently by Mr, Donahoe and the Catholic Pub-
lication Society, there is a pervading spirit of love to God and man that
may well be sought for by all. We are writmg these sentences for our
reading and thinking men, and largely with this view, to show, or rather
indicate, that an intelligent understanding of religious and ecclesiastical
matters, in their ancient or modern phases, is not to be obtained without
a candid study of leading Catholic writers. It is neither safe nor credit-
able for a Protestant scholar or writer, much more a disputant, to be igno-
rant of Catholic literature. We are rigidly Protestant, and the more we
read and study both sides of the subject, the more positive do we expect
to become in our views ; but at the same time, we would avail ourselves
of all accessible truth, and there is much of it that is to be found only in
Catholic writings.
As to " The Monks of the West," it is valuable, and we suspect that
few of our readers are aware of what stores of wisdom and of history are
here waiting their perusal. The introduction discusses the character of
monastic institutions, the nature of monastic vocations, the services reur
dered to the world by monks, and their life and labors ; and in this
chapter is an admirable vindication of prayer, and the decline and practi-
cal fall of the system. We differ in toto from the author's views as to the
need, or propriety, of the system ; we do not believe that God designs his
children to labor in this way, or that he favors this isolated goodness ; but
this difference of view does not prevent us from acknowledging the great
piety and arduous labors of scores of devout monks, and from candidly
admitting that they were, at times, preservers of the faith, and even of the
Scriptures. But grant that they were the only learned men ! This is just
* The Monks of the West, from St. Benedict to St. Bernard. By Count de Mon-
talembert. Boston : Patrick Donahoe. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 699, 757. $8.00.
1 87 1.] Literary Review. 613
what we criticise. Diffusion of knowledge, as opposed to concentration
or centralization, is wliat we advocate ; and so we urge that these hundreds
of monks, instead of poring over their parchments within cloistered walls,
should have removed the candle from its ecclesiastical bushel, and let its
light be for the nations.
Following the introduction are three chapters in which are discussed
the Roman empire after its conversion to Christianity, and the monastic
precursors of the East and the West. Then, beginning with St. Benedict,
the lives and labors of the monks are traced down to the year 735. The
concluding portions of the work are devoted to the social and political
influence of monks, and the Anglo-Saxon nuns. A vast amount of con-
temporary history is given with these narratives, and we have been espe-
cially interested in that part of the book which treats of Christianity in
the early days of Great Britain. The sketch of "the venerable Bede" is
full of information.
Of course, from our point of view, the radical defect of the book is, that
it is ardently Roman Catholic ; but we started with this fact, and applied
ourselves only to what is of value to all interested in ecclesiastical history.
Another defect, — and yet we scarcely see what he could omit, — is the
author's diffuseness. But, in these days, students and the public shun
closely-printed octavos ; books are too many, and knowledge must be con-
densed. This diffuseness is a common characteristic of continental Cath-
olic writers, and, perhaps, is to be accounted for by their comparative seclu-
sion, and from the miscellaneous matters, public and social, which make
such drafts upon the people of to-day. The typographical execution of
the book is excellent, and creditable to the publishers, while the price is
very much lower than that of the English edition.
MISCELLANEOUS.
No writer of the English language has become so perfect a master of
the art but that he will gladly avail himself of every legitimate help. And
many there are who will gratefully welcome Mr. Soule's " Dictionary of
English Synonyms." ^ While availing himself of previous works of a
similar character, he has added, in this volume, treasures gathered "from
a wide field of miscellaneous reading, during a long series of years." The
arrangement of the synonyms is alphabetical and admirable.
If in figure, or parable, or simile, any one can portray the beginning,
course, and end of drunkenness, give him the advantage of it.2 The "AUe-
1 A Dictionary of English Synonyms, and Synonomous, or Parallel Expressions ;
designed 3.3 a practical guide to aptness and variety of phraseology. By Richard
Soule. Boston : Little, Brown & Company. 1871. 8vo. pp.456- $2.00.
2 The Black Valley. The Railroad and the Country, with an account of the in-
troduction of water. An Allegory. By S. W. Hanks, with striking illustrations.
Boston : Congregational Publishing Society, No. 13 Cornhill. pp. 186. $1.00.
6i4 Literaty Review. [Oct.
gory " of Rev. Mr. Hanks has peculiar excellences, is a book whose use-
fulness will be limited only by its circulation. Let it go everywhere, we
say. The illustrations are well executed, and give double force to the text.
The names of the stations themselves are a powerful argument : " Sip-
pington, Medicineville, Tippleton, Topersville, Drunkard's Curve, Rowdy-
ville, Ouarrelton, Riotville, Beggarstown, Woeland, Gamblers ville, Fight-
ington, Brothelton, Robbers' Den, Prisonton, Deliriumton, Demonland,
Hornet's Nest Thicket, Screech Owl Forest, Horrorland, Serpentland,
Maniacville, Idiot Flats, Black Valley, Great Desert, Cloudland, Thunder-
land, Stormland, Whirlwind Crossing, Destruction." Each station has a
chapter or paragraph, describing its situation on that crowded downward
road.
Thomas Wentworth Higginson is a somewhat prolific writer. He
is among the best of Harvard's essayists. His style is clear, sharp, racy,
and one would seldom tire in following him through his chosen subjects.
In his " Atlantic Essays," ^ which have just been gathered into a pleasing
and attractive volume, the topics are varied, each complete in itself, and
replete with the love of the versatile and fertile author. They are as fol-
lows : A plea for culture ; Literature as an art ; Americanism in litera-
ture ; A letter to a young contributor ; Ought women to learn the alpha-
bet ; A charge with Prince Rupert ; Mademoiselle's campaigns ; The Pu-
ritan minister ; Fayal and the Portuguese ; The Greek goddesses ; Sappho ;
On an old Latin text-book. We are more especially interested in the chap-
ter on the Puritan Minister. We are quite disposed to give the writer
full credit for intended candor in his statements of both facts and fictions
concerning this best abused class of men that have ever lived. But we
are persuaded that no one, unacquainted with their history, would form a
just estimate of their character by reading this essay. It is greatly want-
ing in fairly using the statements he has seen fit to insert, whether true or
false. Most ingeniously he has arrayed the blemishes, mistakes, severi-
ties, and follies which have been alleged against these pioneers, — a cen-
tury ahead of their times, — without accompanying them with the counter-
statements which are indispensable to a right understanding of the case.
But these come in by themselves, after the extravagances and misstate-
ments have been allowed to make their full impression. Had they been
properly intermingled, a very different impression would be made. One
reading Young, or Palfrey, or even Bancroft, would hardly suspect that the
same class of men were described. We are sure that the religious pre-
judices of Mr. Higginson gave a shading quite beyond his intentions.
Messrs. James R. Osgood & Co. have published in a volume, " Castilian
Days," ^ the entertaining and instructive articles which appeared under
lAtlantic Essays. By Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Boston : James R.
Osgood & Co. 1871. pp. 341. ^2.00.
2 Castilian Days. By John Hay. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co. 1871.
i2mo. pp. 414. ^2.00.
1 8/ 1.] Literary Review. 615
that title in the Atlantic Monthly, written by Mr. John Hay. These papers
were written at Madrid, last year, and give a view of Spanish life and
customs, including the political aspects of society. It is saying but little
in recommendation of this work, to remark, that we vastly prefer the prose
writings of the author to his poetical effusions.
Indeed, we are free to add, that the style of this volume is vigorous and
graceful, and that it gives much valuable instruction on a theme which will
command general interest.
BRIEF NOTICES.
The third series of " Bible Sketches " is full of suggestive thoughts to
the young reader, and embraces subjects of the deepest interest to all.
The first was from the creation to the Israelites' entrance into Canaan.
The second, from the Israelites' entrance into Canaan to the close of the
New Testament. This, the third, is the Life of Christ on Earth. It is
divided into twenty-six chapters, with some period of that wonderful life
for the text of each : as, "Jesus the Word of God," John ist, chap. i. 18 ;"
"The Manger in Bethlehem;" "The Holy Child Jesus;" "The
Brothers ;" " Nicodemus ;" etc., etc. While the style and illustrations
are comprehensible to the younger class of readers, they are by no means
uninteresting to. those of maturer years. We should be only too glad
to see this book in the hands of all our Sabbath-school children. Ameri-
can Tract Society ; Hurd & Houghton.
If our religious societies are to be tolerated in publishing pure fic-
tion in place of fact, or what jnight be instead of what has been, we should
say that our Tract Society has not done amiss in giving to the public, in a
very excellent form, " Six Boys : a Mother's Story." It is well conceived
and, in general, has a remarkable naturalness about it. The conversations
are home-like. The " heroic " and the " tender " sentiments are less
prominent than in most books of this class. Many a mother, widowed or
not, will find useful and suggestive experiences in this very readable
volume. In some particulars they will be reminded of " Steppino-
Heavenward," which is saying a good deal in commendation of this work.
American Tract Society ; Hurd & Houghton.
The Union Bible Companion, by that veteran in literary labor, S.
Austin AUibone, contains the evidence of the divine origin, preservation
credibility, and inspiration of the Holy Scriptures ; an account of various
manuscripts and English translations, all the books and the chief doctrines
of the Bible, and plans of Christian work, with a copious analogical index.
It is in all respects a useful, compact, and desirable manual for Biblical stu-
dents. Published by the American S. S. Union, and for sale by Eben
Shute, No. 40 Winter Street, Boston. Price $1.00. "Lucy's Way
Out of the Dark," and " The Two Boys, and what They Did with a
Year," are excellent Sunday-school books, just issued by the Cono-re-
gational Publishing Society. " Papers for Home Reading " is a col-
6i6 Literary Review. [Oct
lection of articles written by Rev. John Hall, of N. Y., when he was editor
of a magazine in Ireland. These articles are on practical topics, and abound
in good suggestions, and the volume is well suited to the family circle or
to the Sabbath school. We confess, however, that we should much prefer
to see a more able and thorough work from the pen of so distinguished a
preacher as Dr. Hall. New York: Dodd & Mead. Price, $1.75. We
have not time to give a full analysis of Henry Dunn's interesting work on
" The Study of the Bible," but we shall hope to do so in a future num-
ber. The questions involved in the discussion demand more than a pass-
ing notice, and we can only recommend the book to the attention of our
readers. New York: G. P. Putnam & Son. We had intended to re-
view Rev. Jesse H. Jones's book on " The Kingdom of Heaven "; but an
examination of its contents convinces us that labor and space would be
more than wasted by so doing. When a man exhausts his brains on such
propositions as " The United States of America is the Kingdom of Heaven
which Christ came to establish upon earth," and that "Jesus Christ lived
on the earth and died on the cross to give woman the ballot," we have no
disposition to meddle with his vagaries, or advertise his book. It is not
creditable to our denomination that such stuff should emanate from any 01
its members. Robert Carter & Brothers are doing good service by
republishing books which, a generation ago, were among the most valuable
in religious literature. The two now before us are, " Blunt's Unde-
signed Coincidences in the Old and New Testaments, and Paley's
HoRiE PAULiNiE," and " Chalmers's Astronomical and Commercial
Discourses." It is doubtless true that scholarship in all its departments
has greatly advanced since these books were written, and consequently,
many positions taken by the writers may need modification ; still, the vol-
umes contain much that is very valuable and that could ill be spared.
" Fresh Leaves in the Book and its Story," is a volume which con-
tains a great deal of useful and interesting matter pertaining to the history
of the Bible. The language of the author in the preface is not too strong :
" It directs to the story of the Divine Book, as contained in itself, marks
the inspired men who tell it, and shows how the separate books of the Old
Testament are, as it were, built into one another, each one successively
needful to the understanding of those which come after it." New York :
Robert Cc.: ter & Brothers.
"The Sunday at Home" is a valuable English periodical, strictly
religious, and beautifully illustrated. Each number has sixty-four pages,
superroyal octavo, with superior engravings. By a special arrangement
with the London Religious Tract Society, the American Sunday School
Union, E. Shute, agent, 40 Winter Street, Boston, will furnish it for $3.00
per annum, or 30 cents a single number.
18/1.] Editors' Table. 617
EDITORS' TABLE.
It is not without congratulations tliat we close our volume for the pres-
ent year. It is the handsomest, and, we think, the most valuable
volume which it has ever been our privilege to issue. Our subscribers,
without exception, we think, are not only satisiied that they receive a full
equivalent for their money, but are led to marvel that we furnish so large,
elaborate, and elegant a work for so small a sum. We can only say that
we have subordinated pecuniary considerations to the one great purpose —
to make the Quarterly an honor to the denomination which it represents,
and a means of promoting unity and prosperity.
We have had distinguished contributors the present year, and are happy
to announce that we shall open the new year with an engraving of the late
Samuel H. Taylor, ll D., and a sketch of his life and labors, by Professor
Park. The general plan and character of the Quarterly will remain
unchanged. About one hundred pages of the January number will be
devoted, as usual, to the statistics of the churches, which are annually
becoming of greater historic interest and value.
We anticipate the continued co-operation of many of the most dis-
tinguished writers in our land. And we solicit the permanent and increased
patronage of our brethren in all our churches.
It is necessary that subscriptions should be renewed, as it is not our
custom to send the Quarterly, unless specially requested to do so, to any
subscribers until the subscription price has been received.
Receipts are sent enclosed in a number of the Quarterly, and not by
letter, unless a postage stamp is sent by the subscriber, with the request
that a receipt be forwarded him by mail.
Any friendly co-operation in promoting the still further improvement of
our columns, or in extending the circulation of our work, will be grate-
fully appreciated.
6i8
Congrcgatioital Quarterly Record.
[Oct.
CONGREGATIONAL QUARTERLY RECORD, 187 1.
OHUKCHES FORMED.
1871.
ALLEOT5ALE, Mich., Sept. 27.
ALMA, Mich., Aug. 3. 9 members.
ARKANSAS CITY, Kau., Aug. 13.
AUGUSTA, Kan., Aug. 10, 11 members.
BAVARIA, Kan., July 20.
BRYX SEIOX (near Arvonia), Kan., July 9,
15 members.
CASEY, lo.. July 15, 12 members.
CEDAR POINT, Kan.
COLLINS, in., Sept. 10.
COLOMA CORNERS, WU., Aug. 17, 17
members.
DOUGliAS, Kan., Aug. 11.
EAST PORTLAND, Or.
GRANITE FALLS, Minn.
HARLAN, lo., June 25, 8 members,
LEMONS. lo., 12 members.
LUANA. lo., May 13, 12 members.
NURSERY HILL, Neb., Sept. 10.
POLK, lo., June 16, 11 members.
POMONA. Tenn.. July 23.
RO.SEVILLE. Cal., Sept. 1?.
SOUTH PITT8FORD. Mich.
STUART, lo., June 12, 12 members.
WASHINGTON. Ic, July 9, 6 members.
WEST SPRLNGFIELD, Mass., July 10, 75
members.
WINFIELD, Kan., Aug. 13.
WOONSOUKET, R. I., Sept. 5, the 3d Ch.
MINISTEES ORDAINED.
1871.
ARNOLD. 8. A., to the work of the Ministry
in Wauponsie Grove, III., Sept. 8. Ser-
mon by Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, Jr., of
Ottawa.
BARROWS, ALLEN C, over the Ch. in
Kent, O., June 30. Sermon by Rev. Carlos
Smith, of Akron. Ordaining prayer by
Rev. Elijah P. Barrows, d. d., of Middle-
town, Ct.
BARROWS. CHARLES DANA, over the
Kirk St. Ch. in Lowell, Mass.. July 13.
Sermon by Rev. Jacob M. Manning, D.D.,
of Boston. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Eden B. Foster, D. d., of Lowell.
BELT. SAL.ATHIEL D., to the work of the
Ministry in Pekin, 111., June 25. Sermon
by Rev. John K. McLean, of Springfield.
BRADLEY. CORNELIUS B., to the work of
the Ministry in Oberlin, O. Sermon by
Rev. George Brown, of Newark, N. J.
CLAPP, CEPHAS F., to the work of the
Ministry in Prarie du Chien, Wis.. June
21. Sermon by Rev. Samuel W. Eaton, of
Lancaster.
DIXON, JULIAN H., over the Ch. in Bran-
don and Springvale, Wis., Sept. 6. Ser-
mon by Rev. William E. Merriman, d, d.,
of Ripon College.
EELLS, MYRON, to the work of the Ministry
in Hartford, Ct., June 15. Sermon by Rev.
Robert G. Vermilye, D. d., of Hartford
Seminary.
HERRICK, EDWARD P., over the 2d Ch. in
Middle Haddam, Ct., June 15. Sermon by
Rev. Willi<im H. Moore, of Berlin.
JONES, DAVID E., over the Ch. in Roxbury,
Ct., June 21, Sermon by Rev. Gurdon
W. Noyes, of Woodbury. Installing
prayer by Rev, Daniel D. T, McLaugh-
lin, of Morris.
JONES, JOHN H., over the Ch. in Bristol
and North Bloomfield, O., Aug. 22. Ser-
mon by Rev. Henry L. Hitchcock, d. d,,
of Western Reserve College,
MITCHELL, CHARLES L., over the Ch. in
Little Valley, N. Y.. June 28. Sermon by
Rev. Edward Anderson, of Jamestown.
Ordaining Prayer by Rev. Henry M, Hig-
ley, of Otto.
PANGBORN, DANIEL K., to the work of
the Ministry in South Canton, N. Y., May
10. Sermon by Rev, George Anderson, of
Stockholm.
PINKERTON, MYRON W., to the work of
the Ministry in Ripon, Wis., July 14. Ser-
mon by Rev. Simon J. Humphrey, of
Chicago, 111. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
William A. Chamberlin, of Oshkosh.
REED. EDWARD A., over the Ist Ch. in
Springfield. Mass., June 14. Sermon by
Rev. E. A. Huntington, d. d., of Auburn
Theological Seminary. Ordaining prayer
bv Rev. Eli B. Clark, of Chicopee.
STOCKING. WILLIAM R.. to the work of
the Ministry in Westfield, Mass., June 19.
Sermon by Rev. John L. Taylor. D. D., of
Andovei- Seminary. Ordaining prayer
by Rev. Moses P. Parmalee, of Erzroom,
Eastern Turkey.
WATSON, ALBERT, over the Free Ch. in
Lawrence, Mass. Sermon by Rev, James
H. Merrill, of Andover.
WHITNEY. CHARLES H., to the work of
the Ministry in Harwich Centre, Mass.,
Aug. 31. Sermon by Rev, Edward A,
Rand, of South Boston.
WOOD, FRANKLIN P., to the work of the
Ministry in Acton, Mass.. July 24. Sermon
by Rev. Jacob M. Manning, d. d., of- Bos-
ton. Ordaining prayer by Rev. Henry J.
Richardson, of Lincoln.
MINISTERS INSTALLED.
1871.
BAKER, Rev. JOHN W. H., over the First
Ch. in Brewer, Me., Aug. 31, Sermon by
Rev. John R. Herrick, D. D., of Bangor
Seminary. Installing prayer by Rev
Enoch Pond, D. d., of Bangor Semi
nary,
BECKWITH, Rev. EDWARD G., over th
2d Ch. in Wateroury, Ct., July 12. Ser
mon by Rev. Nathaniel J. Burton, d. d.,
of Hartford.
BILLINGS. Rev. RICHARD 8., over the Ch.
in Dalton, Mass., July 26. Sermon by Rev.
Stephen R. Dennen, of Woburn.
BOYNTON, Rev. CHARLES F., over the Ch,
in Eldora, lo.
CLARK. Rev. PERKINS A., over the Ch.
in Charlemont, Mass., Aug. 16. Sermon
by Rev. Aaron M. Colton. of Easthampton,
Installing prayer by Rev. Charles Lord, of
Buckland.
COOPER, Rev. JAMES W.. over the 1st Ch,
in Lockport, N. Y., June 21. Sermon by
Rev. Nathaniel J. Burton, D. D., of Hart-
ford, Ct,
CROSS. Rev. W. H., over the Ch. in Toraah,
Wis., July 12. Sermon by Rev. William
E. Merriman, D. D,, of Ripon College.
1871.]
Co7igregational Quatterly Record.
619
DICKSON", Rev. JAMES A. R., over the
Northern Ch., Toronto. Ont., June 14.
DOUGLAS, Rev. EBENEZER, over the 3d
Ch. In Woonsocket, R. I., Sept. 5. Ser-
mon hy Rev. Edward O. Barilett, of Prov-
idence.
FAIRBANK, Rev. .JOHN B., over theCh. in
Fort Wayne, Ind., Sept. 3. Sermon hy
Rev. Joseph E. Roy, d. d., of Chicago, III.
FITTS, Rev. JAMES W., over the Ch. in
Topsfield, Mass., June 22. Sermon hy
Rev. George N. Anthony, of Peabody.
Installing prayer hy Rev. Charles B. Rice,
of Danvers Centre.
FORD, Rev. F. F., over the Pine St. Ch. in
Lewiston, Me., June 22. Sermon by Rev.
William M. Barbour, d. d., of Bangor
Seminary,
FRA8ER, Rev. JOHN, over the Eastern Ch.,
Montreal, Ont., June 3.
HART, Rev. EDWIN J., over the Ch. in Cot-
tage Grove, Minn., July 18. Sermon by
Rev. James W. Strong, D. D., of Carleton
College.
JACKSON, Rev. SAMUEL N., over the Zion
Ch., Toronto, Ont., June 15.
JONES, Rev. HENRY W., over the Ch. in
Swarapscot, Mass., July 6. Sermon by
Rev. Henry M. Parsons, of Boston.
RICHARDSON, Rev. GILBERT B., over the
Ch. in Cumberland Centre, Me., Aug. 29,
Sermon by Rev. Martin L. Richardson, of
Sturbridge, Mass. Installing prayer by
Rev. Francis South worth, of Portland.
RICHARDSON, Rev. MARTIN L., over the
Ch. in Sturbridge, Mass., June 29. Ser-
mon by Rev. Joshua Coit, of Brookfleld,
Installing prayer by Rev. John Haven, of
Charlton.
ROWLAND, Rev. L. S., over the Ch. in Sar-
atoga Springs, N. Y., July 25. Sermon
by Rev. William M. Barbour, D. D., of
Bangor Seminary. Installing prayer by
Rev. Edward Y. Hincks, of Portland, Me.
SEGUR, Rev. 8. WILLARD, over the Evan.
Ch. in Gloucester, Mass., June 14. Ser-
mon by Rev. Alexander McKenzie, of
Cambridge. Installing prayer by Rev.
George N. Anthony, of Peabody.
TENNEY, Rev. CHARLES, over the Ch. in
Chester, N. H. Sermon by Rev. Sew.ill
Tenney, d. D., of Ellsworth, Me.
TENNEY, Rev. WILLIAM A., over the Ch.
in Astoria, Or., June 18. Sermon by Rev.
Thomas Condon, of Dalles. Installing
prayer by Rev. Sidney H. Marsh, D. D., of
Pacific University.
VAILL, Rev. WILLIAM K., over the Ch. in
Packardville, Mass., Sermon by Rev. Wil-
liam S. Tyler, d. d,, of Amherst College.
Installing prayer by Rev. Julius H. See-
lye, D. D.. of Amherst College.
WALKER, Rev. CHARLES S., over the Ch.
in Darien, Ct., Aug. 1.
WILLEY, Rev. S. H., over the Ch. in San-
ta Cruz, Cal., June 28. Sermon by Rev.
Joseph A. Benton, d. d., of Pacific Theo-
logical Seminary.
COOPER, Rev. JAMES W., from the Ch. in
Kockport, Mass., June 6.
CRUICKSHANKS, Rev. JAMES, from the
Ch. in Spencer, Mass., July VI.
DEAN, Rev. W. H., from the Ch. in Bridge-
water, Ct., June 21.
HAZEN, Rev. TIMOTHY A., from the Ch.in
Housatonic, Mass., .luly 31.
HOUGHTON, Rev. WILLIAM A., from the
rh. in Berlin, Mass., July 19.
FIELD, Rev. ARTEMAS C, from the Ch. in
. Alstead Centre., N. H., Aug. 16.
GROSVENOR, Rev. CHARLES P., from the
Ch, in Canterbury, Ct.
LOVE, Rev. W. DeLOSS, from the Spring
St. Ch., Milwaukie, Wis.
MARTYN, Rev. WILLIAM C, from the Pil-
grim Ch. in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 1.
ME8ERVE, Rev. ISAAC C, from the Ch. in
Portland, Ct., Julv 6.
NILES, Rev. GEORGE H,, from the Ch. in
St. Charles and Saratoga, Minn., Sept. 1.
PARKER, Rev. CHARLES C, from the Ch.
in Gorham. Me., Oct. 1.
PIERCE, Rev. WILLIAM G., from the Ch.
in Elmwood, 111.
RIDDELL, Rev. SAMUEL H., from the Ch.
in Tamworth, N. H., .July 12.
TORREY, Rev. CHARLES C, from the Ch.
in Georgia, Vt., .July 12.
VAILL, Rev. WILLIAM K., from the Ch. in
Shutesbury, Mass., June 28.
WALES, Rev. HENRY A., from the Ch. in
Elmwood (Providence), R. I., June 27.
WALKER, Rev. AVERY S., from the Ch. m
Fairhaven, Mass., July 27.
WATSON, Rev. CHARLES C, from the
Belknap Ch. in Dover, N. H., July 17.
MINISTERS DISMISSED.
1871.
AIKEN, Rev. JAMES, from the 2d Ch. in
Hanover, Mass., June 20.
BAKER, Rev. SMITH, Jr., from the Ch. in
Orono, Me., July 1-
CLARK. Rev, SERENO D,. from the Ch. in
Provincetown, Mass., July 11.
MINISTERS MARRIED.
1871.
BODWELL — KIMBALL. InWoburn,Ma88.,
June 15, Rev. Joseph C. Bodwell, Jr., of
Hartford, Ct,, to Miss Lydia Ann Kimball,
of Woburn.
BRADLEY — CUMMING8. In Oberlin, O.,
Rev. Cornelius B. Bradley, to Miss Cum-
mings.
BULLARD —NELSON, In Cinchinati, O,,
Rev, Henry Bullard, of St. Joseph, Mo., to
Miss Helen M. Nelson, of Cincinnati,
DE FOREST— CONKLING, In New Haven,
Ct., June 5, Rev. J. K. H. De Forest, to
Miss Sarah C. Conkling.
KITTREDGE — McNAIR. In Elmwood
N. Y,, June 28, Rev. Josiah E. Kittredge'
of Glastenbury, Ct., to Miss Emma Mc-
Nair, of Elmwood.
NEWMAN — McMANUS. In Brunswick
Me., Aug. 15, Rev. Stephen M. Newman'
to Miss M. Louie McManus, of Bruns-
wick.
PARMELEE — FARR. In Thetford, Vt.
June 9, Rev. Moses P. Parmelee, of Erz-
room, Turkey, to Miss Julia Farr, of Thet-
ford.
PINKERTON— BYINGTON. In Chicago
111., June 15, Rev, Myron W. Pinkerton, to
Miss Laura M. Byington.
POST — GOODRICH. In Sterling, HI,, July
26, Rev. E. H. Post, of Lowell, Ind., to
Miss Jessie H. Goodrich, of Sterling
SMYTHE— AYER. In Bangor, MeT,' June
20, Rev. Newman Smythe, to Miss Annie
Ayer, hoth of Bangor.
620
Congregational Quarterly Record.
[Oct.
BTOCKING— LYMAN. In Southampton,
Mass., June 20, Rev. William R. Stocking,
Missionary to Persia, to Miss Hattie E.
Lyman, of Southampton.
TRASK — PARKER. In Dunharton, N. H.,
Aug. 1, Rev. John L. R. Trask, of Hol-
yoke. Mass., to Miss Abbie J. Parker, of
Dunbarton.
WEBBER — LADD. In Middlebury, Vt.,
Aug. 29, Rev. George N. Webber, D. d.,
of Middlebury College, to Miss Carrie K.
Ladd, of Middlebury.
RAKD, Rev. ASA, In Aehbumham, Mass.,
Aug. 24, aged 86 years.
ROBINSON, Rev. REUBEN T., in Melrose,
Mass., Aug. 24, aged 45 years.
WRIGHT, Rev. EBENEZElt B., in Hunting-
ton, Mass., Aug. 19, aged 76 years.
MINISTERS DECEASED.
1871.
BARDWELL, Rev. JOHN P., in Minn.,
July 30.
COOKE, Rev. THEODORE, in Stowe, Mass.,
Aug. 27, aged 55 years.
FORBUSH, Rev. JOHN, in Upton, Mass.,
July 19, aged 71 years.
HYDE, Rev. CHARLES, in Hartford, Ct.,
July 27, aged 74 years.
JOHNSON, Rev. 8. B., in Winfield, Kan.,
Aug. 26.
JONES, Rev. WARREN G., in Bozrah,Ct.,
Aug. 24, aged 68 years.
LIGHTBODY, Rev. THOMAS, in Lamoille,
111. July 15.
MANLEY, Rev. IRA, in Keene, N. Y., Feb.
6, aged 91 years.
PUTNAM, Rev. JOHN M., in Elyria, O.,
Aug. IS, aged 77 years.
JinnSTERS' WIVES DECEASED.
1871.
BARTLETT, Mrs. CHARLOTTE P., wife ol
Rev. P. M., in Hartford, Ct., June 13.
CONE, Mrs. ABBIE C, wife of the late Rev.
Jonathan, in New Haven, Ct., Aug. 31.
BUTTON, Mrs. MARTHA G., wife of Rev.
Horace, in Northboro', Mass., June 25,
aged 26 years.
JOHNSON, Mrs. , wife of Rev. Albion
H., in Antioch. Cal., June 3.
MORTON, Mrs. CHARLOTTE, wife of Rev.
Alpha, in West Auburn, Me., Sept. 4.
RAND, Mrs. MARY C, wife of Rev. Asa, in
Ashburnham, Mass., June 12, aged 89
years.
RICHMOND, Mrs. RELIEF, wife of Rev.
THOMAS T., in West Taunton, Mass.,
Aug. 24, aged 64 years.
TUPPER, Mrs. PERSIS L., wife of Rev.
Martyn, in Waverley, 111., June 7, aged
67 years.
WARD, Mrs. JULIA E., wife of Rev. E. J.,
in Gra^'ton, Vt., Aug. 8, aged 30 years.
WISNEli, Mrs. SARAH H., wife of the late
Rev. B. B., D.D., in Andover, Mass., June
30, aged 72 years.
1 8/ 1.] American Congregational Association. 621
THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
In the April Quarterly, under the above heading, it was said, " More
than the faintest hope is indulged that our page in the next issue of the
Quarterly will bear the glad news of a site secured, of plans adopted, of a
contract made and success assured," for the Congregational House. The
refusal of the Gardner estate on Beacon, near Tremont Street, was matur-
ing, and the possibility of the purchase of the Club House adjoining, and
opening up to Somerset Street, was being anxiously considered. Both
have been purchased, and thus a most desirable site has been " secured."
Plans for necessary changes have been presented, though not formally
adopted, and the entire cost of site and buildings have been proximately
estimated. It will vary little either way from $400,000. So good facilities
are afforded for stores on Beacon Street, that rentals may be relied on for
the payment, by a sinking fund, of, at least, three eighths of the whole cost.
So that if $250,000 are speedily secured from the churches, the hoped-for
"success will be assured." Of this sum, $168,000 is in hand, or reliably
pledged. The remaining $82,000 must come from individuals and churches
that have not made the one generous, memciinl gift. Out of 3,121
churches, only 451 have contributed a farthing. The earnest and impor-
tunate call of the Directors of this Association is upon the remaining 2,670
Congregational churches, to make now their liberal response, by an in-
vestment in this memorial, Family House. This call will never be repeated
upon any church once generously giving. But no other way is left to this
Board, except to press this call until the one gift is secured, be it large
or small. This seeming importunity is forced from the necessities of the
case. It is one that does not admit of postponement or delay. It is a
portion of the King's business which demands haste. Boston has respon-
ded, and is reliable for one half the sum named above. To the churches
of Massachusetts, of Connecticut, of New England, of the West and the
South, not yet having responded, this urgent appeal is addressed. Let a
subscription paper be passed through the parish so as to secure the names
of the givers with the amount, so that each church can make its own record
on our memorial book, which is being made up for the archives of the
Library. The present is the time, though it may not be every way the
convenient time. To all our churches this building will be a bless-
ing, so let each make its response with the ability God hath given. Each
church has a vital interest in the welfare of every other church ; so let
each share the responsibility in providing and furnishing the Denomina-
tional Home. The thought cannot be entertained that any church, laro-e
or small, and especially in New England, would fail to have a share in this
work. The responsibility cannot be placed on any given locality, or
churches of any given ability. It comes to all for something. Remote
churches must make common cause with those near, though with less
amounts, if this well-begun enterprise is carried creditably to completion.
Not a few of our most distant churches have fully recognized this fact and
sent on their funds for investment. Let others follow so good an example.
Inquire further of, or remit to,
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY,
4XJ Winter Street, Boston, Mass.
Sept. 30, 1871.
622 American Congregational Utiion. [Oct.
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
The Union is embarrassed at the present time, not from any falling off
in its receipts, nor from any want of success, for at no previous period in
its existence has its hold upon the confidence and affection of the churches
been so manifest as now, but simply from the rapidity with which the work
of church-building grows on its hands. New churches have been formed
for the last three years at the rate of a hundred a year, but the pecuniary
resources of the Union have not enabled it to aid more than about sixty-
five churches a year. Hence the number of houseless churches has in-
creased at the rate of about thirty-five a year, or, in the last three years,
one hundred. These unsheltered churches are now pleading for help; and
one hundred more new churches will be added this year, some of which
will be urging their claims before the year closes.
Appropriations have been paid to aid in erecting houses of worship for
churches in the following places since those reported in the Congregational
Quarterly for July : —
Bruceville,
///.,
Welsh Cong. Ch.
$250
Crescent,
((
a ii
300
Middleville,
3fich.,
« ((
350
Menomonee,
Wis.,
1
« ((
500
Waseca,
Minn.,
i
(( «
500
Saint Cloud,
((
« ((
500
Fontanelle,
Iowa,
« ti
500
Webster,
li
(c (e
300
Williamsburg,
u
(Stellapol
is, P. 0.,) Cong. Ch.
350
Locust Lane,
l(
(Decorah,
P, 0.,) German Cong. Ch.
200
Paola,
Kan.,
Cong. Ch.
500
Olympia,
Wash.
Ter.,
(Special $238.)
700
$4,950
Pledges have been made to other churches which will be fulfilled as soon
as these churches comply with the necessary conditions, and the Union
has the funds. These pledges still exceed by some thousands of dollars
the amount in the treasury.
Will not the pastors and the churches consider the pressing wants of
the new and feeble churches, and contribute liberally to meet their exi-
gencies ? One princely manufacturer in Massachusetts has recently sent
the Union fifteen hundred dollars, with the remark, " I hope the above will
stimulate two or three churches to build meeting-houses that would other-
wise defer it." May it not also stimulate others, whom God hath blessed
with abundant means, to follow his noble example ?
A missionary in Kansas writes, " I do wish that many in the East who
live in luxury and have fine houses of worship, could see what a power
four or five hundred dollars would be here on the frontier. I pray that
God will bless all such homes, and make them centres of joy and love;
but I also pray that some such wealthy Christians might fully realize what
a blessing it would be here if I had a church building as good as their
wood-sheds or cow-houses."
Will not the strong learn to bear the burdens of the weak ?
Ray Palmer, Corresponding Secretary,
69 Bible House, New York.
C. CuSHiNG, Corresponding Secretary,
16 Tremont Temple, Boston.
N. A. Calkins, Treasurer,
146 Grand street, New York.
OBEX OF NAMES.
Note. — This Index includes all the names of persons mentioned in this volume, except
the names of ministers given in the General Statistics (p. 105), and -which are indexed
alphabetically (p. 182); the officers of General Associations and Conferences (p. 205); and
the students in Theological Seminaries (p. 307), who are arranged alphabetically in each
class.
The reader is reminded that a peculiar name frequently occurs more than once on a page,
and that the same name is spelled in various ways.
For General Topics see Table of Contents, pp. iii, iv, at beginning of volume.
Abbe, 463
Abbott, 88, 100, 207, 259, 476,
609
Adams, 17, 35, 50, 57, 95, 99,
102, 205, 231, 240, 248, 275,
277, 325, 326, 340, 352, 476
Aikin, 16, 278, 619
Albro, 476
Alden, 100
Alexander the 6th, 252
Alford, 318, 526, 605, 606
Allen, 71, 99, 102, 276, 305, 331,
481, 550
Alley, 207
Allison, S52
Allibone, 615
Ambrose, 365
Anderson, 89, 207, 259, 340,
352, 467, 476, 596, 618
Andrews, 78, 236, 249, 466
Andrus, 276, 277
Anne 259
Ansars, 261, 262, 266, 269
Anthony, ' 476 618, 619
Appleton, 476, 608
Aquila, 28
Arnold, 402, 455, 476, 531, 619
Ashley, 534
Atwood, 207
Ascham, 570
Avrill, 437
Ayer, 240, 248, 619
Backus, 58, 361
Bacon, 100, 101, 205, 245, 246,
248, 340, 455, 466, 481,
567, 595
Badger, 56, 481
Bagster, 550
Bailey, 17, 464
Baker, 77, 260, 618, 619
Baldwin, 16, 64, 207, 236. 275,
277, 278
Barnes, 480, 481
Bartlett, 100, 205, 251, 466,
618, 620
Bascomb, 18, 276
Basedou, 569
Bassett, 352
Bates, 100, 364
Batt, 354
Battelle, 64
Baxter, 65
Baum, 5'Jo
Bayne, 457, 458
Beach, 99
Bcal, 476
Beale, 267, 268
Beard, 463
Beckwith, 200, 618
Beecher, 86, 87, 207
Belcher, 260, 265
Belknap, 19, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45,
47 53 324 3*25
Bell, 100,339,340,463' 465^, 502
Ballam,
Ball,
Ballard,
Baltimore,
Bancroft,
Barbour,
Bardwell,
Barker,
Barlow,
Barnes,
Barnard,
Barney,
Barrows,
Baratow,
353
364, 464
S52, 463
253
259
99, 100, 619
78, 275, 620
100, 207
207
94, 234, 348
348
56,64
441, 618
242, 248, 251, 439
m, 466, 476, 481
Belt,
Benedict,
Benham,
Benjamin,
Bennett,
Benton,
Beza,
Bicknell,
Bigelow,
Billings,
Bird,
Bishop,
Bissell,
Bixby,
Blake,
Blagden,
Blakely,
Bliss,
Blodget,
Blodgett,
Bloomfleld,
Blunt,
618
17, 18, 481
94
354
99, 100, 463
241, 619
528
242, 248, 249, 476
19, 241
618
Bingham, 18,100,101,328,352,
463, 593, 596
19
354, 438, 439, 440
259, 260, 264, 265, 270,
273, 463
352
100, 353, 463
463
207
71, 100, 259, 465
17,18
74
48
616
Boardman, 17, 18, 19,100, 101,
375
Bonflers, 669
Bowler, 236
Bowker, 100
Boynton, 463, 618
Brace, 17, 18, 56, 101, 352, 441
Bradford,
Bradley,
Bradstreet,
Bnainerd,
BlMStOW,
Bray,
lirazen,
Brevoort,
Breckenridge,
Breed,
Breramer,
Brine,
Bristol,
Brock,
Brodt,
Brooks,
2, 3, 99, 102
618, 619
44
246, 248, 461
352
352
402
65,67
454
477, 608
464
52
436
51
100, 464
102, 269
Brown, 19, 54, 99, 205, 243,
245, 273,402,463,618, 613
Buck, 55, 64, 255
Buckingham, 246, 353, 463,
466, 476, 481
Budington, 244, 247, 249, 251
261, 466, 480, 481
Buel, 102
Bulfinch, 100, 102
Bullard, 100, 619
Bulley, 332
Bull, 207, 353
Burbank, 264
Burdet, 39,41,43,47,48,49
Burgess, 102, 275, 277, 323, 460,
476
Burwell, 433, 464
Burnham, 17, 18, 99, 259, 353,
357, 384, 443, 444,464
465,476,497
Bodwell,
Boltwood,
Bonar,
Bond,
Borchers,
Boss,
Bouton,
Boutwell,
Bowen,
99, 465, 619
3
83, 91, 92
17, 19, 352
463
101, 352
432, 466
Burr,
Burroughs,
Burt,
Burton,
Bush,
Bushwell,
Butler,
Butter,
Butts,
336, 337
260
74
99, 464, 618
463
56
463
339
431, 476
Byington, 18, 207, 464, 465, 619
Byron, 342
Cady, 260
Calamy, 53
Caldwell, 16, 278
339 1 Calhoun, 16,71,278
480, 481 1 Calkins, 104, 356, 481, 494, 621
624
Index of Names.
Calvin,
393, 516
Corbln,
402
Dudley,
465
Cameron,
236
Coverdale,
516
Diggins,
260
Camp,
56, 206
242, 353
Crawford,
99, 100
Deming,
260
Campbell,
337
Cross,
101, 342, 619
Diggen,
263, 264
Carletou,
64
Crane,
102
DeWette,
316
Carpenter,
2,71
. 476, 575
Cruickshanks, 102, 476, 619
Dutton,
333, 620
Carlyle,
90
345, 346
( rowfoot.
260
Dennison
353
Carmichael,
352
Cragin,
465
Dearborn,
3.53
Charles V,
575
Crafg,
476
l>obie,
353
Carruthers,
236, 464
Cranmer, ■
515, 617
Donahoe,
611, 612
Carter, 83, 85
, 91, 354,
497,513,
Crosswell,
4<54
Draper, 566
,608
109, 610
601, 616
Cromwell,
332, 346
Dunn,
616
Cartier,
252
Cruden,
338
Dunning,
99, 363
Cartlidge,
207
Crowther,
353
Case,
352
Cummings,
19, 353, 619
Eastwood,
91
Chace,
239
247, 248
Cushman,
19, 99, 100, 237
Eastman, 102
463
, 464, 465
Chaddock,
464
Cutler,
69, 100, 464
Eaton,
260, 618
Chalmers,
616
Currier,
244
Edwards, 256,
257,
268, 259,
Chamberlain,
101,
206, 618
Curtis,
275, 277, 463
260, 261, 262,
263,
264, 266,
Chandler,
101
205, 237
Gushing, 104
,353,476,480,481,
268, 269, 270,
271,
272, 274,
Channiug,
340
476, 603
493, 679, 621
334,340
,360
, 477, 532
Chapin,
353,
431, 476
Cults,
696
Essaminondas,
7
Chaplin,
488
Eells,
618
Chapman,
354, 438
464, 481
Day, 17, 246,
248, 260, 265 431,
Ely,
16
278, 306
Charles,
48
253, 283
433, 466
Emerson,
16
275, 278
Chase,
16,99
206, 278
Daggett,
100, 101, 350, 481
Eidlitz,
64
Cheever,
63
453, 570
Dalton,
44
Esles,
102
Chiel^ering,
465
Daly,
353
Evans,
205
260, 353
Chil.l.
357, 368
4?3, 476
Dana, 243,
244, 246, 247, 327
Ellicott,
525, 629
Childs,
19
Danforth,
74
Ellis,
226, 477
Choate,
64,339
Darling,
443
Elizabeth,
252, 342
Cilley,
465
Darwin,
601
Ellsworth,
260, 273
Claggett,
101
D'Aubigne,
63
Elmer,
260, 261
Clap,
98
Davenport,
51
Eaton,
260
Clapp,
75,
476, 618
Davis, 94, 102, 207, 240, 248,
Egleston,
260, 477
Clark, 19, 80
99, 102.
207, 239,
260, 432, 480, 481
Emmons,
335
434, 461
273, 276,
696, 597
618, 619
Davies,
205, 464
Erasmus,
525
Clarke,
445
465, 466
Dawes,
217
Everett,
347
Clarendon,
60
Dawson,
102
Eustis,
353
Clayes,
19
698
Eliot,
632
Clary,
330
Dennis,
18
Elliott,
Clement,
346, 464
Dewey,
18
Elwell,
481
C ossen,
463
Dimmick,
18
Emery,
477
Cleaveland,
207, 276
DeForest,
619
Erwin,
402
Clinton,
77
Deane,
477, 619
Ewc-ll,
463
Cobb,
101, 464
Dwight,
18, 99, 276, 463
Everest,
481
Cobdon,
347
Demond,
19
Coburn,
99
Duncklee,
19
Fairbanks,
465, 619
Cochran,
99
Drake, 41
,102,260,269,353
Fairchild,
99, 204
Cogswell,
352
Dort,
71
Fairley,
463
Coit,
619
Draper,
85, 87, 453
Panchon,
260
Cohn,
69
Dodd,
91, 338, 34S
Farnsworth,
467
Colby,
100
Durfee,
92
Farr,
619
"Compte,
568
De Mille,
97
Farrar,
100, 350
Coleman,
63, 354
Dodd,
616
Farwell,
205
Coleridge,
567
Diemer,
99
l^'ay,
100,
101, 237
Cole,
350
Dodge,
99, 464
Fclch,
597
Collie,
362, 464
Dexter, 99,
234, 235, 446, 469,
F6ii6lon,
567, 570
Collins,
96
477
Fiirdinand,
252
Columbus,
252
De Forest,
463
Ferguson,
465
Cox,
56,63
Dickson,
618
Ferrin,
237, 430
Co Hon,
275,
353, 463
Dennen,
99, 618
Ferris,
246
Collamer,
618, 365
Dixon,
618
Field,
99
467, 619
Converse,
78,
239, 440
Dickerman,
101, 102
Fields,
94,
533, 534
Conwell,
95
Dwinnell,
100,240,241,464
Finch,
466
Cone,
621)
Duncan,
101, 102
Fitmey,
17
Conkling,
353, 619
Dicken.son,
13, 340, 363
Fisher,
278, 453
Cooke,
77,
607, 620
Doremus,
101
Fisk, 17,18,101,
207,
325, 463,
Cjoley,
209
Dorraan,
101
464, 481
Cowper,
94
Douglass,
618
Fitch, 16, 260, 275
,277
,340,354
Cowles,
99,
207, 608
Dunham,
101
Fitts,
101, 618
Cordley,
206
Diiigk'y,
2iJ5
Fhfming,
320
Copp,
242, 476
Duron,
205
Flint,
275
Cook,
280.
438, 439
Durant,
477
Fog?.
477, 608
Coult,
260
Dustiin,
205
Folker,
19
Cotton,
290,
447,448
Dennett,
207
Foote,
353
Coe,
46i
Dillinirhara,
95, 342
Forbush,
620
Cooper,
618.619
Donghlas,
230, 246, 277
Ford,
86,
102, 619
Coolidgo,
463, 600
De Alouts,
252
Forrester,
67
Index of Names.
625
Forsyth,
Foster, 14,
Fouler,
Fox,
Francia,
Franklin,
Fraser,
Frazar,
Freeman,
French,
Frobisher,
Frost,
Froucie,
Fuller, 2, 101,
Furness,
99
77, 207, 260. 330,
464, 533, 534, 618
65
463
90
52
619
101, 207, 464
465
101, 477
252
327, 467, 477
393, 448
206, 242, 213, 283
42, 83, 85
Gale, 100, 477
Gales, 348
Galloway, 352
Gardiner, 453, 608, 609
Gaulladet, 275
Garland, 205
Garlick, 77
Garrison, 216
Gayler, 260, 263, 273
Gaylord, 74, 100, 101, 102, 350,
355
Gennings, 2
Gibbs, 260
Gibson, 64
Giddings, 275, 325, 463
Gilbert, 100, 252
Gill, 243
Gilman, 55, 225, 242, 248, 465
Gillett, 88,260
Gladden, 465
Gleason, 100
Gleed, 102, 331, 332
Goethe, 304
Gold, 275
Goldsmith, 352
Gookin, 481
Goodell, 19, 207, 395, 403
Goodenough, 352
Goodrich, 327, 619
Goodwin, 99, 463
Gorges, 42, 44, 49, 50
Goss, 87
Gould, 19, 88, 93, 96, 275, 342,
457, 465, 481, 609
Grant, 260,272,273
Graves, 275, 277, 403
Gray, 79, 80
Greely, 240, 463
Green, 65, 435, 477
Greenleaf, 17, 19, 464
Goodlad, 41
(loodley, 17
Grosvenor, 619
Griffin, 461, 462
Grout, 15,353,534,586
Guernsey, 438, 467
Guillman, 260
Guttenberg, 346, 347
Hackett, 88
Haddock, 18
Hakluyt, 253
Hale, 55, 64, 210, 416
Hall, 54, 79, 101, 378, 463, 465,
616
Halliday, 465
Hallock, 4
Halsey, 275, 277
Hamilton, 19, 03
Hammond, 100, 101, 466
Hand, 77, 78
Hanks, 348, 613, 614
Hanna,
Harlow,
Harmon,
Harper,
Harvvood,
Harris,
85
100
465
260
463
100, 102
Hart, 100, 242, 245, 333, 619
Harvey, 207
Haskell, 431
Haskins, 445
Hastings, 609
Hatch, 65, 481
Haven, 327, 619
Hawes, 16, 245, 276, 352
Hawkes, 207, 465, 533, 534
Hay, 614, 615
Hayden, 463
Hayes, 100, 101
Hayward, 464
Hazard, 253
Hazen, 205, 312, 598, 599, 619
Healy, 464
Hebard, 112, 437, 438
Helme, 40, 435
Helps, 95
Helvetius, 569
Hemmenway, 354
Henry VLH, 2
Herbert, 102, 403
Herrick, 353, 464, 465, 618
Herschell, 95
Hess, 102
Hewitt, 276
Higley, 618
Hildreth, 4
Hill, 50, 102, 340
Hilton, 47
Hincks, 99, 619
Hinsdale, 18
Hitchcock, 275, 477, 618
Higginson, 614
Hoadley, 19
Hobart, 17, 18, 208, 243, 244,
247, 248, 249
Hodge, 604, 605
Holbrook, 16, 100, lul. 240,
241, 278, 477
Holden, 240
HoUister, 19
Holmes. 19, 82, 96, 97, 234, 235,
244, 245,247,249,336,
481
Holyoke, 597
Homer, 74, 517
Hooker, 476, 477
Hook, 66
Hopkins, 266, 453, 532
Horton, 241
Houijh, 249, 464
Houghton, 88, 346, 448, 449,
455, 615, 619
Howard, 236,251,402
Howe, 48, 464, 610
Hoyt, 79, 278, 477, 608
Hooper, 536
Hopley, 465
Hubbard, 44,47,48
Hudson, 79, 609
Hulbert, 65,99,100
Hull, 18
Humphrey, 34, 74, 439, 594
Huun, 16, 276, 277
Hunnewell, 477
Hunt, 55, 64, 86
Hunter, 533
Iluss, 83
Hutchinson, 41, 260, 481
Huntington, 102, 205, 271, 476,
477, 618
Hurd, 448,449,455,615
Huxley, 455
Hyde, 16,100, 206, 207,276,403,
464,466,467,477,620
Ide, 100, 352, 353, 434, 466, 477
Ingalls, 99
Ingelow, 94, 95
Ingham, 102
Irion, 81, 335
Irving, 447
Isabella, 252
James I,
Jackson,
Jacobus,
James,
Jameson,
Jewett,
516, 530
19, 619
56
289, 353, 477
465
207, 275, 464
Johnson, 65, 99, 100, 270, 402,
425, 467, 481, 620
Jones, 52, 100, 273, 464, 465,
616, 618, 619 620
Jefferson, 579
Keep,
Keith,
Kellogg,
Kelluni,
Kelsey,
Kendall,
Kendrick,
Kent,
Keyes,
Kibbeon,
Kiffin,
Kimball, 16
Kincaid,
King,
Kingman,
Kingsbury,
Klnnty,
Kirk,
Kitchell,
Kittredge,
Knevals,
Knight,
Knollys,
Knox,
Krauth,
209, 224
99
276,277,464
80
100, 205
303, 477
18
463
477
260
51
i, 18, 101, 205, 276,
277, 444, 619
190
18, 352
477
100,276,277,355,
465
101, 354
100, 464, 476, 477
100, 463, 466, 481
465, 619
481
465
38,51
393, 516
452
Ladd, 331, 342, 344, 347, 348,
620
Lamson, 464, 465
Larkham, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 53
Lathrop, 19, '82, 352, 532, 533
Lanse, 316, 318
Land, 48,283
Lane, 353
Lamphear, 101, 354
Larned, 102, 236
Lawson, 42
Lauraan, 465
Langworthy, 103,358, 467, 475,
481, 621
Laurie, 207, 331
Lawrence, 354
Leach, 240, 245, 444
Lechford, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45,
46, 49
Lee, 77, 89, 92, 95, 97, 342, 344,
347, 348, 44.) , 458, 605
Lees, 99
Leveridge, 47
Lewis, 205, 264
Lightbody, 620
Lightfoot, 85, 86
SECOND SERIES. — VOL HI. NO. 4.
41
626
Index of Names.
93.06,342.457,609
83, 96, 338, 452.
609. 611
97, 102
54. 613
570
19, 56, 99, 441
280
260
101
100, 243, 247, 260,
273
90, 91
237. 238, 276, 277,
340, 353, 453, 618
19, 82, 352
354
242, 245, 619
236
16, 276, 278
567
52
452, 570
, 207, 353, 354, 463,
620
102, 242, 248
260
16, 298
353, 481
69
462
477
641
620
465
Lincoln, 88,
Llppincott,
Littell,
Little,
Locke,
Lockwood,
Lollard,
Long,
Longley,
Loomis, 10,
Lopez,
Lord, 100,
Lotlirop,
Loring,
Love,
Lovejoy,
Lovell,
Louis XrV,
Lownde,
Luther,
Lyman, 72
Lyon,
Mackee,
Magee,
Magoun,
Maguire,
Malcolm,
Maltby,
Malth'us,
Manley,
Mann,
Mauning, 100, 352, 353, 463,
481, 618
Marbnry, 41
Marling, 206
Marsh, 19, 56, 100, 101, 619
Marshall, 352, 354
Martin, 102
Martyn, 244, 619
Martyr, 306
Marvin, 100, 239, 437
Mason, 40, 47, 64, 102, 2:36
Masson, 457
Mather, 256, 262, 276, 278, 290
383, 475
Matthew, 515, 517
Maud, 51
Maverick, 256
McArdle, 99
McCall, 244, 247,248,249,
477
McCosh, 93, 601, 602, 603
McCuUoch, 99, 102
McDowell, 11
McEwen, 227
McFarland, 70, 353
Mclntire, 207
McKoene, 276
McKenzie, 100, 101, 464, 619
McLean, 100, 101, 440, 618
McLaughlin, 618
McLeod, 99, 102
McXIanus, 619
McNair, 619
Meacham, 402
Mead, 91, 100, 249, 338, 348,
453, 463, 616
Means, lul, 531
Merrill, 99,463,464,477.618
Merriman, 207, 241, 248, 24'.',
251, 619
Merwin, 100
Metcalf, 236, 477
Melledge,
467, 479
Pasco,
260, 353
Middleton,
5
Pascal,
7
Meneely,
402
Patrick,
74, 77
Merserve,
619
Patten,
100
Malthus,
541
Patton,
234
Mighill,
99
Payson,
19, 276
277, 465
Mann,
584
Peabody,
4
Miles,
100
Pearson,
100
260, 346
Miller, 17, 18, 457, 458
Mills, 71, 260
Milne, 91, 92
Milton. 345, 346, 457
Mitchell, 17, 36, 37, 69, 275,
354, 475, 618
Montaigne, 565
Montague. 206
Moiitalambert, 612
Mooar, 467
Moor, 260
Moore, 72, 205, 464, 465, 618
Morgan, 102
Morris, 207
Morse, 16, 18, 19, 99, 260, 278,
454, 595
Morrison, 267, 465
Morrill, 463
Morton, 2, 52, 260, 620
Mosely, 594
Muchmore, 260
Mudge, 98, 477
Munger. 383, 464, 477
Murdock, 18, 246
Murray, 93, 101, 340
Nelson, 619
Newberry, 260
Newman, 19
Nichols, 16, 65, 67, 71, 278. 342
Niles, 619
NilsBon, 348
Noble, 207
North, 260, 442
Norlhend, 207
Northrop, 207
Norton, 100, 464
Noyes, 96, 239, 336, 346, 467.
478, 618
Obcr.
99
Obookiah,
594
Ogdou,
17
Olds,
74
Olshausen,
316
Optic,
97
Osborn,
260, 477
Osgood, 94, 236, 341, 347. 348,
458, 014
Oviatt, 464
Packard. 100, 102, 243
Paddock, 102
Page, 102, 276, 277, 481
Paine, 322, 335
Pak-y, 616
Pangborn, 618
Palasky, 88
Palmer, 99, 100, 101, 104, 234,
238, 356, 464, 465, 4fl6,'467,
579, 481, 493. 622
Park, 340,461,481,617
Parker, 4, 101, 236, 237, 240,
248, 337, 464, 477, 619, 620
Parish, 236
Parkljiirst, 17, 278
I'arkinan, 600
Purmalee. 618. 619
Parsons, 17, 65, 100, 101, 276,
277, 477, 619
Partridge, 352
Pennington, 102
Perkins, 64, 100, 101, 102,
278, 443
PerriD, 276
Perry, 19,278
Pestalozzi, 569
Pcttiboue, 100, 328, 329, 330
Phelps, 96, 100, 102, 260, 269,
340, 453
Phillips, 17, 18, 206, 249, 353,
463
Pickard, 102
Pickett, 353
Pierce. 80, 100, 619
Pierson, 464
Pike, 464
Pinkerton, 618, 619
Pinney, 260
►Pitkin, 74, 260, 268, 269
Piatt, 101, 333
Pliny, 565
Plumb, 99, 219, 464
Plumcr, 334, 335
Polybius, 540
Pond, 99, 100, 206, 354, 608
Poor, 275
Pope, 207
Porter, 16, 18, 93, 260, 275,
277, 320, 321, 330, 464
Post, 467, 481, 619
Potts, 55
Pova, 331 .^
Powell, 101
Pretyiohn, 332
Premise, 18, 231, 465
I'rime, 92
1 rior, 260
Punchard, 63, 351, 446, 477
Putnam, 4, 101, 275, 354, 563,
564, 598, 616, 620
Proctor, 477
Proudhon, 578
Pynchon, 271
Quint, 53, 101, 205, 234, 247,
248, 249, 251, 276, 464, 467,
478, 563
Radcliffe, 101
Kaleigh, 252
Rankin, 207
liand, 464, 599, 600, 618, 620
Randolph, 334, 335, 456, 610
Ransom, 352
Rawson, 43
Ray, 100
Reed, 79, 102, 465, 481, 613
lieeve, 69
Reubelt, b7
Reynolds, 52
Rice, ■ 477, 619
Rich, 464, 477
Jtiohards, 99. 102, 374, 432
Richardson, 100, 101, 352. 353,
464, G18, 619
Richworth, 42
Kickard, 205
Ridden, 619
Ripley. 18
Richmond, 620
Robertson , 316, 465, 477
Index of Names.
627
Bobbins, 17, 100, 464, 465
Kobcrts, 47, 94, 95, 97, 236,
337, 345, 611
Kobinson, 16, 17, 18, 65, 99,
276,278,281,318,465,477,
530,620
Robie, 464, 465
Rockwell, 260, 264, 265, 266,
395, 401
Rockwood, 17, 278
Rogers, 463, 615, 517
Rood, 102
Root, 101
Ropes, 317
Ros, 2
Robs, 205, 235, 236, 242
Roth, 578
Rowley, 330
Royce, 101
Rowland, 619
Roy, 464, 619
Rousseau, 567, 569
Rupp, 478
Russell, 101
Salter, 353
8abln, 101
Sadd, 260, 266
Sanders, 101, 307
Sands, 102
Savage, 50, 101, 244, 353
Sanborn, 353
Sawyer, 17, 18, 465
Sargent, 478
Say, 47
Scales, 19
Scammon, 42
Schaeffer, 102
Schaflf, 316
ISchleiermaeher, 577
Sohermerhorn, 87
Schwartz, 348
Schweinitz, 88
Scribner, 81, 85, 93, 97, 449,
604, 607
Scudder, 464, 481
Seagrave, 301
Seaton, 341
Seave, 207
Seccombe, 206, 242
Seeley, 100, 345, 537, 539, 548
Seelye, 100, 207, 2'}9, 248, 463,
464
Sequr, 619
Sewall, 102, 236, 352, 463
Seymour, 244, 245, 477
Shairp, 455
Sharp, 402
Shedd, 340
Shepard, 16, 89, 92, 95, 97,276,
278, 342, 344, 347, 348,
445,458,466,605
Sheldon, 342, 459
Shephard, 57
Shepley, 37
Shapleigh, 353
Shedd, 449, 450
Sherrill, 17, 18, 355
Sherwin, ' 101
Sherwood, 19
Shipnian, 363
Shorey, 99, 236
Shute, 616
Sill, 77
Silliman, 19
Simpson, 331
Sinclair, 353
Skeats, 536
Skipp, 52
Skinner, 62, 260, 266, 273
Slade, 64
Sloan, 102, 207
Smart, 243, 244, 247
Smith, 19, 88, 100, 102, 206,
240, 248, 260, 261, 267, 273,
275, 276, 277, 323, 324, 333,
352, 353, 402, 462, 464, 465,
481, 618
Smythe, 619
Snelson, 463
Snow, 354
Sorerer, 342
Soule, 613
South, 448, 449
Soulhgate, 352
Soulhworth, 1, 14, 205, 350,
619
Spaulding, 17, 18
Spear, 56
Spettigue, 468
Spencer, 56, 566, 601
Spoor, 207
Sprague, 13, 38, 533
Spring, 63, 363
Starbuck, 17
Stearns, 100, 102, 238, 344, 463,
464, 466
Steed, 52
Stevens, 99, 102, 237, 464, 500,
516, 525
Storrs, 19,57,58, 60, 61, 65, 70,
207, 247, 480, 481
Stoughton, 258, 260, 266, 273
Stoddard, 238, 239. 247, 268,
271
Stowe, 41, 42, 101, 458, 459
Strieby, 245
Stratten, 17, 239, 278, 327
Street, 100, 102, 353, 464
Streeter, 463
Strong, 3, 100, 101, 249, 260,
463, 467, 619
Strowbridge, 240
Stuart, 16, 18, 275, 277, 340,
608
Sturtevant, 464, 466, 481, 513,
517, 527, 618
Squier, 275
Stanley, 402
Stanton, 101, 338, 340
Starr, 463
Stedman, 260
Steele, 100, 275, 378
Stiles, 101, 260, 266
Stlrason, 99, 463
Stone, 102, 239. 241, 340, .353,
463, 464, 477, 481
Stinson, 206
Stockbridge, 458
Stillingfleet, 475
Stocking, 618, 620
Sutton, 323
Sweetser. 239, 466, 488
Swift, 276, 277, 353
St. Celia. 102
Talcott, 16, 275, 276, 278, 453
Tappan, 64, 237, 238
Tarbell, 478
Tarbox, 274, 348
Taylor, 17, 96, 205, 243, 247,
260, 278, 340, 353, 442,
456, 617
Temple, 19
Tenny, 17, 18
Tenney, 101,236,618
Terry, 206
Thacher, 99, 100, 101, 353
Thaiu, 100
Thayer, 4.53, 464, 478
Thompson, 85, 99, 100,101, 2u6,
207, 230, 353, 453,
464, 466, 480
Thomas, 338, 466
Thornton, 1, 44, 478
Thurlow, 102
Thurston, 19, 99, 433, 434, 464,
465, 594
Tibbals, 82
Timlow, 101
Tingley, 352
Tischendorf, 318, 453, 607
Titus, 101
Tobey, 234, 353, 464, 466, 467
Todd, 100
Tompkins, 207
Tompson, 260
Torrey, 478, 619
Towle, 463
Tracy, ' 598
Tracey, 374
Treat, 467
Trench, 521, 522
Trask, 42, 620
Trowbridge, 342
Trubner, 342
Trumbull, 40, 260
Tucker, 352
Tudor, 260, 445
Tupper, 478, 620
Turner, 206, 244, 327, 333
Twitch ell, 661
Twining, 352, 592
Tvler, 4.53, 619
Tyndale, 514, 615, 516, 517
Underbill,
41, 43, 44, 45
Underwood,
353
Upjohn,
63
Upham,
363, 459
Vaill, 76, 353, 619
Vance, 69
Van Cott, 65
Van Dyke, 610
Vermilye, 246, 248, 533, 618
Vinton, 89
Virgin, 353
Von Raumer, 567
Volentine, 102
Voltaire, 569
Vorce, lul
Vose, 242, 248
Wainwright,
Wall,
Waldcns,
Wales,
Wales,
Walley,
Wallace,
Walker, 100,
344,357,
Wallace,
Wartield,
Warham,
Ward.
Warner,
Warren,
17
Washiiurn,
Wastello,
Watt.s,
Watson,
Webb, 238,
55
19
42
207
478, 619
413
240, 248
102, 205, 238, 239,
360, 361, 362, 369,
378,619
432, 464, 481
352
256
102, 620
17, 18, 260
, 18, 206, 241, 460,
4fi7
89,90,91,239,
3.53, 481
102
63
260, 618 619
239, 248, 251, 464,
467
628
Index of Names.
Webber,
620
Webster,
338, 341, 342
Weed,
498
Weiss,
611
Weld,
4
Welion,
56
Well man,
100
Wells.
101, 207
Wentworth,
41
Wesley,
26
West,
260, 611
Westbrook,
353
Wheatland,
278
Wheelwright, 39, 41, 42, 207
236, 597
Wheeler, 19, 80
Whipple, 326
While, 19, 276, 277, 353, 464,
478
Whiting, 463
Whitney, 19, 344, 463, 618
Whitofield, 26
Whiton, 72, 74
Whittlesey, 101, 206, 441
Whittier, 94, 458
Whittingham, 516
Wickes, 102
Wi?gin, 48, 478
Wight, 353
Wilcox, 17, 278, 481
Willard, 207, 463
Wilkes, 467
Willeox, 352
Williams, 19, 43, 50, 74. 101,
102, 273, 456, 457, 463
Willett, 325
Williston, 465, 466
Willey, 619
Wilson, 17, 19, 278, 352
Willson, 2
Windsor, 352
Wines, 101
Winslow, 17, 18
Winthrop, 35, 38, 39, 41, 43.
44, 45, 48, 51, 52, 53
Wise, 297
Wisner, 620
Withington, 100, 102
Wclcott, 236, 260, 262, 266,
268, 270, 273, 466, 481
Woolsey, 70, 340, 605
Wood, 101, 206, 260, 481, 533,
618
Woodford, 102
Woodbridge, 267, 275, 532
Woodhull, 102, 435, 436
Woodman, 465
Woodruff, 65, 402
Woods, 16, 18, 19, 39, 275, 277
Worth, 402
Woodworth, 76, 352, 353
Woolman, 458
Wright, 17, 205, 207, 276, 278,
352, 353, 354, 441, 442, 464,
598, 620
Wycliffe, 279, 514, 550
Wyllie, 260
Worcester, 594
Yale,
16, 276, 278, 594
Young,
353
Youngs,
19
Zwingle,
452
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A.ssets May, 1870, - - - - S7,350,000
ERA8TUS LYMAN, President.
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than in the direction of accumulating liabilities. The ratio of Increase of income to increase
of general business will satisfy the critical inquirer. We present the following exhibit of
the combined financial and business movement of the last four years : —
Ihcoub.
PoIicicB in force
Bee. 31.
Insurances In
force Dec. 31.
Iggg
. . . . $993,821 63
8,171
14.123
20,113
22,078
$24,330,565
44 367,209
62,353,529
Ig67
. . . . 2,147,605 89
1868
. . . . 4,003,601 88
1869
. . . . 5.042.687 00
68,569,168
In balancing the accounts for the close of 1869, the Knickerbocker showed a surplus over
all liabilities exeeding one and a quarter million dollars I
In addition to the large amount paid to representatives of policy-holders last year for
death claims, there were returned to insurants, by way of dividend, half a million dollars.
Still the proportion of outgo to income was less than the general life business of the country,
and the rate of expense to income but 14J per cent, an economy which has the merit of not
being purchased at the loss of any necessary adjunct of the business.
From May Ist, the Knickerbocker enters upon the all-cash premium system, substituting
for such accommodation to policy-holders a compensating reduction of rates. This comes in
connection with other regulations shaping the business to the best results of experience
adding fresh safeguards to the great trust.
W. F. KEITH, Special Agent,
il3 Washington Street, BOSTON.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
*^ FRANKLY SPEAKING, WE AVER THAT * THE LIV-
ING AGE > HAS NO EQUAL IN ANT COUNTRY." From
TJie I^-ess, Philadelphia.
**THE BEST OF ALL OUR
TIONS." — From The Nation, Neio York.
ECLECTIC PUBLICA-
LITTELL'S LIVING AGE,
Of which more than one hundred volumes have heen isBued, has received the commendation of
Judge Story, Chancellor Kent, President Adams ; historians Sparks, Prescott, Bancroft, and
Ticknor; Kev. Henry Ward Beecher and many others : and it admittedly "continues to stand
fit. tliG hGiid of its cl^sB ^'
IT IS ISSUED EVERY SATURDAY, giving fifty-two numbers, and more than
Three Thousand double-column octavo pages of reading-matter yearly; enabling it to pre-
sent, with a combined freshness and completeness nowhere else attempted,
The best Essays, Revie-»vs, Criticisms, Tales, Poetry, Scientific, Biographical,
Historical, and Political Information, gathered from the entire body
of Foreign Periodical Literature.
The ablest and most cultured intellects in every department of Literature, Politice
Science and Art, find expression in the periodical literature of Europe, and especially of Great
iiritain.
The liiving Age, forming four large TOlnmea a year, furnishes from the vast and
generally inaccessible mass of this literature, the only compilation, that, while within the reach
of all. Is satisfactory in the COMPLETENESS with which it embraces whatever is of imme-
diate interest, or of solid, permanent value.
It is therefore indispensable to every one who wishes to keep pace with the events
or intellectual progress of the time, or to cultivate in himself or his family general Intelligence
and literary taste.
Extracts from Notices:
From Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.
" Were I, in view of all the competitors that are now
in the field, to choose, I should certainly choose The
Living Age. . . . Nor is therein any library that
I know of, so much instructive and entertaining reading
in the same number of volumes."
From the Congregationalist and Recorder, Boston,
June 2, 1»70.
" We repeat the conviction we have many times ex-
pressed, that none of the eclectics can be matched with
this as to substantial value and interest."
From the Xew York Commercial Advertiser.
"During each year, the reader gets the best of the
essays, poetry, serial novels, and statements of fact in
science or current history which the year produces.
All of this ia furnished at about the price of one of the
reviews or magazines from which it is drawn."
From the New- York Tribune.
" The selections always indicate a refined and catholic
taste, and a liappy art of catering to the popular de-
mands, without lowering the standard of sound litera-
ture."
From the Lutheran and Missionary, Philadelphia.
"An extraordinary value marks many of the articles
of this publication, because they are the productions of
the ablest men of our times.
From the American Churchman, Chicago.
" It has always seemed to us to contain the best poet-
ry, the most able essays and criticisms, and the most
interesting stories, of any magazine in tlie English
language.^'
From the American Presbyterian, Philadelphia.
From the Christian Examiner, Richmond.
" It is the great eclectic of this country."
From the Advance, Chicago.
" It is a monthly that comes every iveek.
From the Illinois State Journal.
" It has more real solid worth, more useful informa-
tion than any similar publication we know of. The
ablest essays, the most entertaining stories, the finest
poetry, of the English language are here gathered to-
gether."
From the Pacific, San Francisco.
" Its publication in weekly numbers give to it a great
advantage over its monthly contemporaries; in the spirit
and freshness of its contents."
From the Chi-istian Register, Boston, Aug. 6, IS'O.
" LiTTELL's Living Age his never borne the mark"
of more careful research and wiser selection than it
does now."
From Chicago Daily Republican.
"LiTTELL's Living Age is the oldest and by far
the best concentration of choice periodical Uteratuie
printed in this country. It occupies a field tilled by no
other periodical. The subscriber to 'Littell' finds
himself in possession at the end of the year, of four
large volumes otsuch reading as can be ofknined in no
other form, and comprising selections from every depart-
ment of science, art, philosophy, and helles-lettres.
Those who desire aTHOKOUGH cumi-enijum of all that
is admirable and noteworthy in the literary world will
be spared the trouble of wading through the sea of re-
views and magazines published abroad: for they will
find the essence of all compacted and concentrated
here."
From the Chicago Journal <{f Commerce.
"We esteem it above all price."
Published weekly at $8.00 a year,/ree of postage. An extra copy sent gratis to any one
getting up a Club of Five New Subscribers. * '^
"Indispensable to any one who wishes to keep the
run of things in literature, politics, and theology."
Address
LITTELIi &, GAY, 30 Bromfield Street, Boston,
THE BEST HOME AND FOREIGN LITERATURE AT CLUB PRICES.
For Ten nollars Littell's Living Age, weekly, containing the cream of Foreign Periodi-
cal Literature, and either one of the leading magazines of Home Literature, named below will
be sent to one address for one year, viz.; — '
Harper's Monthly, (or Weekly, or Bazar), The Atlantic Monthly, Lippincott's
MoNTHi.v, The Galaxy, Old and New, or Appleton'b Journal (weekly) ; or, for $8.50 The
Living A;e and O^a Young Folk.s, Address as above.
Congregational Quarterly Advettiser.
iOB, SALE AT TBE
or THE
American Sunday-School Union,
NO. 40 WINTER STREET, BOSTON.
1 80
1 25
2 25
6 00
, 3 00
15 00
7 00
3 00
5 00
7 00
12 00
7 50
FOUR 100 VOLUME 8. 8. LIBRARIES, each differing from the others, each, $16 00
SIN^GING BOOKS, in great variety. Per hundred, 30 00
QUESTION BOOKS. More than fifty different Isinda. Per hundred, from $15 00 to 25 00
BUPERIXTENDENTS' REOORD BOOKS. From 75 cents to 1 00
TEACHERS' CLASS BOOKS. Per dozen, from 72 cents to
MAP OF PALESTINE. 20x28 inches. Mounted and varnished,
•' " " 3>4x5 feet. Unmounted,
" " " 4x4 feet. Mounted and Varnished,
" « " 3x4 feet. Varnished, but unmounted. (London 8. S. Union),
" <« " 6x9 feet. (Osborn and Coleman's),
CHART OF SAVIOUR'S TRAVELS. 4>^x6 feet. Mounted and Varnished,
MAP OF THE JOURNEYINGS OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL. 4x5 feet Un-
mounted,
MAP OP BIBLE LANDS. 4i^x6 feet. Unmounted,
'• '• '' (Colton's.) Showing Paul's Travels,
BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF ANCIEN^T JERUSALEM AND ITS ENVIRONS. (With
Key.) 5x8 feet. Mounted and Varnished,
Panorama of modern Jerusalem. (With Key.) 4xii>i ft. unmounted,
THE AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION
issues the following papers, edited by Rev. Richard Ne->«'ton, D.D., of Philadelphia:
1. THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORLD.
For Sunday-School Superintendents and Teachers. It is published monthly, 16 pages quarto,
at the low rate of Fifty Cents per annum.
2. THE CHILD' ^ WORLD.
a beautifully Illustrated paper for Children and Youth. The Child's World is issued
8emi-Monthly. The first number in each month is printed independently as a.Monthly, for
those who do not wish to take the paper twice a mouth. Terms — 12 cents each per year for
the Monthly, and 24 cents for the Semi-Monthly.
3. THE SUNDAY AT HOME.
a Family Magazine for Sabbath reading. Subscriptions for the " Sunday at Home," (1871)
an illustrated monthly periodical published by " The London Religious Tract Society," will
be received at any of the Depositories of the American Sunday-School Union.
I'aoa-R.A.l-IIvIB rOFl 1871.
" Sam Baxter's New Year's Day," by the author of " Quality Fogg's Old Ledger." " Grace
Franksen." by the author of "'The Foundhng of the Fens." " Daily Thoughts of Christ,'
by Lord Kinloek. ''The Life of David," as reflected in the Psalms, by the Rev. Alexan-
der Maclaren, of Manchester. " Under the Mulberry Tree," by Mrs. Prosser. ''Mari-
anne Rosenbsum: a Tale of Jewish Life." By the Kev. Dr. Edersheim. ''Sundays at
North Court." Second Series. By G. E. Sargent, author of the " Chronicles of an Old
Manor House." "Morals of Mottoes." ''Cousin Mabel's Note-Book." "Religious
Depression and its Causes." " Home Sundays." " The Unsafe Confidante," and other
papers. By Miss E. J. Whately. "The Gospels and Modern Criticism." By the Rev.
Dr. Roberts, "Devotional Papers." By the Rev. Newman Hall, LL.B. "Occasional
Papers." By the author of " The Harvest of a Quiet Eye." '' Portraits and Biographies."
" Sacred Music and Original Poetry." " Stories for the Young, Scripture Enigmas, etc."
TERMS, $3.00 FEB. YE Alt. SINGLE NUMBERS, 30 CENTS.
Subscriptions received at the publishers' rates for
THE NATIONAL S. S. TEACHER AND LESSON PAPERS FROM CHICAGO.
THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORKMAN.
THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL TIMES.
THE CHRISTIAN AT WORIC (Monthly or Weekly).
Samples of our own periodicals and Catalogues of the Society's publications, also a
printed List of Helps for the Sunday-School Concert, and a Circular containing the names of
a large Number of volumes for the special use of Superintendents and Teachers, will be sent
gratuitously on application to
EBEN SHUTE,
New England Agent Am. S. S. Union,
40 TVinter Street, BOSTON".
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY,
No, 116 WASHINGTON STEEET, BOSTON.
REV. L. B. ROCKWOOD, Secretary. H. K. SI3I3IO]VS, Treasurer.
WE OFFER FOR SAXE, TO
Pastors, S. S. Superintendents, and Families,
A full collection of the Society's Publications, unrivalled in
^wality, Illustrations and Price^
To which we invite attention.
ENQLISH BIBLES.
Importing our own GOODS direct from " best Publishers," we have made a
REDUCTION IN PRICE,
ON ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES.
BA.aSTEIl'S r^UBLIO^TIONS
Also imported by ourselves, are offered at the smallest possible advance over cost, to
PASTORS AND STUDENTS.
IN ILLUSTRITSD RELIGIOUS WEEKLY,
Will be issued early in the Spring, probably at the low price of
TWO DOLLARS PER TEAR,
rOR AN ELEGANT EIGHT-PAGE PAPER.
COMMUNICATIONS
In relation to the benevolent work of the Society, or Grants, should be addressed to the
SECRETARY, REV. L. B. ROCKWOOD.
Orders for Publications, or Eemittanoea of Funds, should be sent to the Treasurer,
H. E. SIMMONS,
118 Washington Street, - - - - Boston,
8
Congregational Quarterly Adveitiser.
THE EMPIRE MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE CO.
G. HILTON SCRIBNER,
President.
SIDNEY W. CROFUT,
Secretary.
P,yEAOLE!&T.F, CUE!, Managers N.EogJfancti
32 Washington Street, Boston.
WHAT HAS BEEN DONE?
7,039 Policies issuod from the date of the first (April 7, 1869)).
Total Premiums . . .8717,978.00 Ratio of Claims and Exp. to Total Income . f 37.50
Amount Insured .17,794,59-3.00 Average Ratio of all Companies- 31.1^9
For every $100 labilities the EMPIRE has of Assets $2S1.
The success of the Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company has been unequalled.
WHY NOT?
Its management is able, economical, and reliable.
MARK THE LIBERAL AND STRONG FEATURES OF THE EMPIRE.
All Policies Non-Forfeitable and Incontestable for any cause excepting fraud.
All restrictions on Travel and Residence removed, and no permits required, expe-
rience and statistics proving them to be unnecessary, wliile they are vexatious and expensive
to the insured ; and no extra charge fw women, or any class of ordinary risljs.
A loan given, if desired, without notes or Accumulation of Interest increasing annual
Premiums.
Dividends on the Progressive and Guarantee Interest Plan declared annually.
The Empire leads in the simple justice of incontestable Policies in case of suicide, deatb
for crime, or by accidental causes of any kind.
It has also adopted Massachusetts laws in full.
K. BROVOUTON, Jr., Late D-positori/ of the American Tract Society,
Jfogton, and T. W. TUCKER, ari- the fi^etipral Agents. J. M.
WARREN, Medical Examiner.
*,* Call or send for Circulars, References, &c.
Agents of Character Wanted in New England.
"We are permitted to refer to a few names of those insured in The Empire : —
Rev. E. E. Hale, D.D., Boston. Hon. 8. N. Stocliwell, Boston.
Rev. Gilbert Haven, D.D., " I'rof. 8. A. Bancroft, "
Rev J. VV.01matead,D.D., " Henry Flanders, Esq., "
Rev.J. N. Mur.iock,D.D., " J. W. Be.-ils. Esq., "
Rev. G. Gannett, Prof. S. Baxter, "
Prin. Ft-male Seminary, •' B. F. Guild, Esq., •'
Russell Hallett, Esq., " Rev. A. Bigolow, D.D.. "
W. L. Tower, Esq., " Rev. J. B. Miles, Charlestown.
Congregational Qjiarterly Advertiser.
T OROAIS.
[Patented June and August, 1870.]
fOR years we have been unable to fully supply the constantly-Increasing demand for our
Cabinet Organs, having always been largely behind orders, though producing about
twice as many as any other maker in the country, and probably in the world. This
extraordinary demand is evidence that we have been successful in carrying into etfect two
rules, which it has been and continues to be, our purpose to adhere to rigidly, so that they
may be said to be the principles our business. These are :
1. To niaUe the best tvnrh, and only th" bfsf. It is our earnest purpose that
every instrument made by us shall be a lasting advertisement of the excellence of our work,
and esteem it a di-^aster to ourselves to have a poor instrument leave our factory. With this
view, we spare no effort or care to secure the most skilful workmen, the best results of inven-
tive skill, and the choicest material; and to exercise the most rigid supervision and tests of
all our work.
2. To sell nltoays at the lowest posxihif prices, reserving to ourselves the least
remunerative profit. We mean that our organs shall the cheapest as well as best. Therefore
our prices are carefully proportioned to cost of manufacture, and as increased facilitiis
diminish the latter, prices are reduced accordingly. This we do without reference to the
current demand for our work, or considering whether all the instruments we can province
could be sold at higher prices or not. Wise or foolish, this is a principle which we have
found to work so well that we mean to continue to adhere to it.
3. Earnest pursuit of this policy has obtained for our work the unequalled reputation
wbi'-.h it en.ioys, and, tee are sure, deserves, and a demand quite unprecedented, not
only from all parts of America, but also, still more rapidly increasing in amount, from
various European countries. Exhibiting at all Industrial Fairs, we were uniformly awarded
highest premiums, receiving a first-class medal at the Paris Exposition, in competition with
the world ; since which we have not exhibited in competition. We have had the honor to
receive from the musical profession generally in this country, and to a considerable extent in
tithers, public testimony to the superiority of our Cabinet Organs. This is published in
full in a testimonial circular, which we shall be glad to send free to any one.
This season we have the satisfaction of announcing IMPORTANT IMPROVE"
MENTS ii our Instruments, for which Patents were granted us in June and August,
1870 ; also a
In several, especially the larger styles. Our facilities for production are now extraordinary,
embracing a variety of machinery and division of labor which could not be available in a
smaller business. These not only add to the excellence of our work, but also diminish cost,
and consequently prices, in accordance with our rule.
Having now completed and added to our previous facilities another entirely new and
large manufactory, our capacity for production is very greatly increased, and we have
reason to believe we shall hureafter be able to supply the demand for our Organs promptly.
IlluHfrated Catalogues, with full description of styles, improvements, peculiarities,
and much useful information, with reduced prices: also Testimonial Circular, with
evidence from nearly oue thousand musicians, will be sent free to any one.
MASON & EAMLIN OUGAN CO,.
{54 ?iFdm«ot Stpoet, 3«st«(it, ep SCt@ gpetdwei^, New York.
10
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
Valuable Books for Sunday-School Libraries
PUBLISHED Br
HENRY A. YOUNG & CO.
24 Cornhill, Boston, Mass.
EFFIE WINGATE'S WORK. By
Marv Dwisell C'hellis $1.50
DEA. SIMS' PRAYERS. By Mart
DwiNELL Chellis. 16mo 1.50
PLEASANT PAGES and BIBLE
PICTURES. 20 illustrations, bev-
elled boards, and gilt centre. The
handsomest book of Bible Stories
published, small 4to 1.50
CARL BART LETT; or, What can I
do ? By D. S. Ericso.v. anthor of
" Good Measure," &c. 16rao. . . . 1.25
BILL BROCK'S INVESTMENT.
By Mary Dwinell Chellis.
16mo 1.50
THE OLD DOCTOR'S SON. By
Mary Dwinell Chellis. 16mo. 1.50
MR. PENDLETON'S CUP. By
Glance Gaylord. 16mo. ... 1. 25
MISS PATIENCE HATHAWAY.
By Glance Gaylord. 16mo. . . 1.50
DONALD DEANE. By Glance
Gaylord. 16rao 1.50
GOOD MEASURE. A story for boys.
By D. 8. Ericson. 16mo 1.50
CLEAN YOUR BOOTS, SIR? A
capital story for boys. 18mo. ... 60
THE LITTLE PEANUT MER-
CHANT. 16mo 1.25
MOLLY'S BIBLE. By Miss Mary
D. Chellis. 16mo 1.50
TRUTH AND TRUST; or, Iron
Mountain. 16mo 1.25
HOPES AND FEARS; or, Broad
Oaks. 16mo 1.25
GOOD FOR EVIL; or, Hose Cot-
tage. 16mo 1.25
SIDNEY DE GREY; or. The Rival
School Boys. By Lawrence Lance-
wood. Esq 1.26
NELLIE WARREN; or. The Lost
Watch. By Lawrence Lance-
wood, Esq. 16mo 1.25
LOUIS SINCLAIR. By Lawrence
Lancewood, Esq. 16mo 1.25
BREAKING THE RULES 1.25
MARK DWINING'S ENEMY. . . 1.50
AUNT HATTIE'S LIBRARY. 12
vols 6.00
COUSIN CLARA. By Lawrence
Lancewood. 16
PETER CLINTON. By Lawrence
Lancewood. 16rao .
A HOLE IN THE POCKET. By
Aunt Hattie. l6mo
STOPPING THE LEAK. By Aunt
Hattie. 16mo
LOST BUT FOUND.
Hattie. 16mo. . .
By Aunt
FASHION AND FOLLY. By Aunt
Hattie. 16mo
GYPSY BREYNTON. By Miss E.
Stuart Phelps. 16mo
GYPSY'S COUSIN JOY. By Miss E.
Stuart Phelps. 16mo
GYPSY'S SOWING AND REAP-
ING. By Miss E. Stuart Phelps.
16mo
GYPSY'S YEAR AT THE GOLDEN
CRESCENT. By Miss E. Stuart
Phelps. 16mo
HORACE WELFORD, and other
Stories. By Alice Warden. 16mo.
THE HUNTINGDONS ; or. Glimpges
of Inner Life. By Marie Louise
Hayw.\rd. 16mo
THE MILL AGENT. By the author
of "Opposite the Jail." 16mo. . .
OUT OF PRISON. By Mr«. Mary
i\. Denison, author of "The Mill
Agent." 16mo
MAKING HONEY; or, Frances
Stuart. 16mo
EARNING AND SPENDING; or.
The Tico Homes. By Mrs. Made-
line Leslie. 16mo
UP THE L.\DDER; or. Striving
and Thriving. By Mrs. Madeline
Leslie. 16mo
NEVER GIVE UP; or, The Xews-
boys. By Mrs. Madeline Leslie.
16mo
WORTH AND WEALTH; or. Jessie
Dorr. By Mrs. Madeline Leslie.
16mo
SECRET OF SUCCESS. By Mrs.
Madeline Leslie. 16mo. . . .
JAMIE NOBLE
RUSTIC LIBRARY. 6 vols
CASKET LIBRARY. 6 vols. . . .
$1.26
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.26
1.25
1.25
1.26
1.25
1.00
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.2.1
3.00
3.0C
TLEASB SBJ\ri> FOIt ^ I^^BE CATALOGUE.
HENRY A. YOUNG & CO
24 Cornhill, Boston, Mass.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser. ii
bTack valley railroad.
A PICTORIAL TfMPERANCE ALLEGORY.
Designed to present at a glance the Scriptural and Physiological arguments against the
use of strong drinli. By circulating it in families, and putting it up in boarding-houses,
stores, shops, factories, post-offices, counting-rooms, depots, schools, and other public places,
attention can be effectively directed to the results of liquor-drinking in a way that will bo
pleasing to all except the dealers in intoxicating drinks, and some travellers on the road.
'•Incomparable as an exhibition of truth." — J. B. Gough.
" Of great value to the temperance cause." — Hon. Henry Wii-son.
"Should be hungup in every depot, school-room, hotel, and work-shop." — CAm^ian
World.
Forwarded by mail to any one address. Price 25 cts.
5 to one address $1 00
12 » " 2 00
20 •« " 3 00
NEW CHEAP EDITION, 14X18 INCHES,
In brilliant oil colors, with Dr. Sewall's Stomach Diagrams in mar-
gin, showing the internal condition of travellers at the various stages of
their progress.
Chromos, 20 by 24 inches. Price $2.50. Half price to clergymen and
missionaries.
Address
CONGIIEGATIONA.L PUBLISHING SOCIETY,
13 CoRNHiLL, Boston.
EVANGEI.IOAL PRESS ASSOCIATION,
•16 BIBLE HOUSE, New Yobk City.
HoH. WiLXlAM Claflin, ol Massachusetts, Presifient.
The chief object of this Association is to use the Secular Press In
the interest of religion and relorm ; and, as iar as possible, to do so
In conjunction with the Pulpit.
Ten Dollars— the fee for a Life Membership in this Association —
will publish and fttslrihute^ in tiie serutar newspapers, l'10,tH10 tracts,
which it would cost $l,Ol)0 to only puftU-ift in pamphlet form, 11
will publish 10,000 "condensed stamp tracts." It will furnish plates
for business men to print a miUioji "condensed tracts" on their
letter and bill heads, envelopes, cards, Ac, Ac. It will furnish a
church with a revenue system which /idi doubU-d .and quadrupled
tlie revenae of several churcbcsa
M. H. SARGENT,
13 Comhill, Boston, Mass.
REV. B. DIXON,
Bible House, New Tork City.
SE'WEI.Ii &, MILLER,
9 Custom House Block. Chicago, HI,
Agents for the Reventie Syttem,
12 Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
EVERY SATURDAY,
TKE GREAT
ILLUSTRATED FAMILY PAPER
OF AMERICA.
Evert Saturday is designed to present a panoramic ■view of what is most noteworthy
in the current life of the world. It aims to illustrate, by pen and pencil, the moat import-
ant events, scenes, and persons of the day. While discarding everything merely sensational,
and rejecting — as unworthy of a place in a Family Paper — everything base or coarse, the
conductors of Every Saturday seek to offer American readers a first-class Illustrated
Journal, with literary contents of a fresh, diversified, instructive, and entertaining character;
and with pictures representing attractive, striking and worthy subjects, drawn and engraved
by the best artists.
Tbe Literary Contents of EVERT SATURDAY
embrace
1. An Editorial Department, which includes papers on subjects of present interest and
general importance, themes of social life, unpartisan aspects of political affairs, literary
topics, Hnd other matters that engage public attention, treated in a vigorous style by writers
whose experience and culture peculiarly qualify them for this work.
2. Excellent Stories, — usually a Serial Story, by an eminent Novelist; and short Stories
from the best American and foreign sources.
3. Selections from European Periodicals, including Essays, Sketches, Narratives of
Travel and Adventure, Literary and Scientific Intelligence, etc.
4. A full and carefully-prepared summary of Home and Foreign News, forming a
record of all the more notable occurrences.
The Pictorial Features of EVERY SATURDAY
Are no less attractive and valuable than the literary. Its conductors have unequalled facili-
ties for procuring the best pictures by the first artists of Europe and America. By special
arrangement with the proprietors of The Grdphic, the leading illustrated paper of England,
they receive electrotypes of all the pictures wliich appear in that Journal, and are therefore
able to give their readers better and fresher European pictures, particularly of th present
war, than any other American paper.
Generous arrangements have been made for original drawings, and Every Saturday
will be copiously supplied with various representations of American life, scenery, and
character, by such artists as
F. O. C. DARLEY, W. li. SHEPPARD, HARRY FEIVN,
S. EYTINGE, Jr., A. R. "IVAfD, J. W. EHIVIIVGER,
AUGUSTUS HOPPIN, ALFRED PRKDERICKS, HOMER D. BIARTIN,
C. G. BUSH, GRANVILLE PERKINS, JT. J. HARLEY,
W. J. UEXNESSY, WINSLOW HO.HER, and others.
EVERY SATURDAY
has been commended by the Press In the most emphatic terms, for the value and attractive-
ness of both its literary and its pictorial features.
Terms. — Single Weekly Number, 10 cents; Monthly Parts, 50 cents; Yearly Subscrip-
tion. S5.00 In advance, — $4.00 a year to subi^cribers for any other Periodical issued by
James R. Osgood & Co.
CLUB RATES of Jnmes R. Osgood &. Co.'s Periodicals. — Atlantic
Monthly .and Our Young Folks, $5.00 a year ; Atlantic Monthly and Evehy
Satirday, S8.00; Atlantic Montiilv. Our Yolnc Folks, and Every Saturday,
$9.00; Our Young Folks and Every Satlkdav. $6.0j; Atlantic Monthly, Oua
Young Folks, and North American Review, $10.00; all four Periodicals, $14.00.
James R. Osgood & Co., Publishers,
124 Tremont Street, Boston,
Late Tickaor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood & Ooi
D. LoTHROP & Co.'s Latest Books.
MAY FLOWER SERIES.
By Mrs. M. L. Clark.
With many beautiful Pictures,
DAISY'S MISSION.
LITTLE BLOSSOM.
KITTY'S TABLEAUX.
UTTLE WHITE MICE BOY.
Four vols., 24mo, .... $i.ao
FAIR PLAY SERIES.
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Or, Parish Evidences of the Bible. By REV. E. F. BURR, D.D.,
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"THE ART OF ARTS."
Gr XT T 33 3Xr :^ :E3 H. C3r ,
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3ES "^7" E3 3F«. "5r X> .A. "ST,
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OF THE SON OF MAN AND OF THE LOGOS.
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scientific men of the age, among which will De found Sir William Hamilton, George Rawlinson, Hu«h Miller,
Samuel Hopkins. Prof. Masson, Prof. Mansel, EUicott, Wescott, Bernard, Bayne, Chambers, Gosse, Geo. P.
Marsh, Agassiz, Gould, Guyot, Marcou, Dr. Wayland, Dr. Williams, Dr. Hopkins, Dr. Ide, Dr. Peabody,
Dr. Haven, Dr. Harris. Dr. Turnbull, Dr. Ripley, Dr. Kitto. Dr. Hackett, Dr. Stow, Dr. Adams, Dr. Sprague,
Dr. Puttison, Dr. Thompson, Dr. Hague, Dr. Phelps, Dr. Anderson, Dr. Eadie, Dr. Buchanan, Dr. Hovey,
Dr. Tweedic, Dr- Chaplin, Newcomb, Banvard, Bungener, Miall, Archdeacon Hare, ,Tnhn Foster, Krumma-
cher. and others of like standing and popularity. They also keep, in addition to works published by them-
selves, an extensive assortment of works in all departments of Trade, which they supply at publisher's prices.
tdS" Particular attention is paid to the selection and furnishing Ministers' Libraries, Public Libraries, Family
I^ibrariea. and Sabbath School fiibraries. Bibles, English and American in variety, allow prices. Any work
on their list, forwarded per mail (post-paid), ou reception of the price. All orders promptly attended to.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
THE EMPIEE MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE CO.
G. HILTON SCRIBNER,jfc^^i3|SI^ W. CROFUT,
President Ife^^^^Hf Secretary.
P,y[llOL[!&T. P. m, Managers i.Eng.Brancti,
32 Washington Street, Boston.
WHAT HAS BEEN DONE?
f7,039 Policies issued from the date of the first (April 7, 1869)).
Total Premiums. . .$717,978.00 Ratio of Claims and Exp. to Total Income . $37.50
Amount Insured . t7,79'l:,593.00 Average R.atio of all Companies • 31.49
For every $100 ZiabiliHes the EMPIUE has of Assets $221.
ThesucceBB of the Empike Mutual Life Insurance Company has been unequalled;
WHY NOT?
ItB management is able, economical, and reliable.
MARK THE LIBERAL ANDSTRONG FEATURES OF THE EMPIRE.
All Politaes Non-Forfeitable and Incontestable for any cause excepting fraud.
All restrictions on Travel and Residence removed, and no permits required, expe-
rience and statistics proving them to be unnecessary, wliile they are vexatious and expensive
t the insured ; and no extra charge for women, or any class of ordinary risks.
A loan given, if desired, without notes or Accumulation of Interest increasing annual
Premiums.
Dividends an the Progressive and Guarantee Interest Plan declared annually.
The Empire leads in the simple justice of incontestable Policies in case of suicide, death
for crime, or by accidcaital causes of any kind.
It has also adopted Massachusetts laws in full.
N. BJtOUOHTOJf, Jr., Late Depository of the American Tract Society,
Jiostim, iind T. IF. TUCKER, are the General Af/ents, J. H.
WARREN, Medical Examiner.
*t* Call or send for Circulars, References, &c.
Agents of Character Wanted in New England.
We are permitted to refer to a few names of those insured in The Empire : —
Kev. E. E. Hale, D.D., Boston. Hon. 8. N. Stockwell, Boston.
Kev. Gilbert Haven, D.D., '• Prof. 8. A. Bancroft,
Bev..J. W.Olmstead.D.D., " Henry Flanders, Esq.,
Rev.J. N. Murdock.D.D., " J. W. Bcals, Esq.,
Bcv. O. Gannett, Prof. S. Baxter,
Prin. Female Seminary, " B. F. Guild, Esq..
Russell Uallett, Esq., " Rev. A. Bigelow, D.D.,
W. L- Tower, Esq., " Rev. J. B. Miles, Charlestown.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser. 7
BLACK VALLEY RAILROAD.
A PICTORIAL TEMPERANCE ALLEGORY.
Designed to present at a glance the Scriptural and Physiological arguments against the
use of strong drink. By circulating it in families, and putting it up in boarding-houses,
stores, shops, factories, post-offices, counting-rooms, depots, schools, and other public places,
attention can be effectively directed to the results of liquor-drinking in a way that will be
pleasing to all except the dealers in intoxicating drinks, and some travellers on the road.
"Incomparable as an exhibition of truth." — J. B. GOUGH.
"Of great value to the temperance cause." — Hon. Henry Wilson.
"Should be hungup in every depot, school-room, hotel, and work-shop." — Christian
World.
Forwarded by mail to any one address. Price 25 cts.
5 to one address $1 00
12 " " 2 00
20 " " 3 00
NEW CHEAP EDITION, 14X18 INCHES,
In brilliant oil colors, with Dr. Sewall's Stomach Diagrams in mar-
gin, showing the internal condition of travellers at the various stages of
their progress.
Chromos, 20 by 24 inches. Price $2.50. Half price to clergymen and
missionaries.
Address
CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY,
13 CouNniLL, Boston.
EVANGELICAl. PRESS ASSOCIATION,
41) EIULE HOUSE, New Yokk City.
Hon. William Claflin, of Massachusetts, President,
The chief object of this Association is to use the Secular Press in
the interest of religion and retorai ; and, as far as possible, to do so
in conjunction with the Pulpit.
Ten Dollars— the fee for a Life Membership in this Association —
will publish and Htstrihitte, in the secular newspapers, U0,{)00 tracts,
which it would cost $1,000 to only puMii/i in pamphlet form. It
will publish 10,000 " condensed stamp tracts.'* It will furnish plates
for business men to print a miltion *' condensed tracts " on their
letter and bill heads, envelopes, cards, &c., &c. It will furnish %
church with a revenue system which has doubled and quadrupled
the revenue of several churches.
M. H. SARGENT,
13 Cornhill, Boston, Mass.
REV. B. DIXON,
Bible House, New Tork City,
SEWELIi &, MILLER,
9 Custom House Block. Chicago, 111.
A.gents for the Jievenue. System,
8
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
KNICKERBOCKER
OF NEW YORK.
Principal Office, No. 161 Broadway.
Boston OfSce, W. F. KEITH, Special Agent,
113 Washington Street.
Assets May, 1870, - - - - 87,350,000
ERASTUS LYMAN, President.
CHA.RLES STANTON, Vice-President. GEORGE F. SNIFFEN, Secretary.
The Knickerbocker's statistics show most prominently a growth in financial solidity rather
than in the direction of accumulating liabilities. The ratio of increase of income to increase
of general business will satisfy the critical inquirer. We present the following exhibit of
the combined financial and business movement of the last four years : —
Income.
1866 $993,821 63
1867 2,147,60.5 89
1868 4,003,601 88
1869 5,042,687 00
Policies In force
Dec. 31.
8,171
14,123
20,113
22.078
Insurances in
force Uec. 31.
$24,330,565
44,367,209
62,3.>3,.529
68,569,168
In balancing the accounts for the close of 1869, the Knickerbocker showed a surplus over
all liabilities exeeding one and a quarter million dollars I
In addition to the large amount paid to representatives of policy-holders last year for
death claims, there were returned to insurants, by way of dividend, half a million dollars.
Still the proportion of outgo to income was less than the general life business of the country,
and the rate of expense to income but 14j per cent, an economy which has the merit of not
being purchased at the loss of any necessary adjunct of the business.
From May Ist, the Knickerbocker enters upon the all-cash premium system, substituting
for such accommodation to policy-holders a compensating reduction of rates. This comes in
connection with other regulations shaping the business to the best results of experience
adding fresh safeguards to the great trust.
W. F. KEITH, Special Agent,
113 Washington Street, BOSTON.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
N£\V PRIZE SERIES.
4Yolnmes, Eeadythis day. Price $1.25 eacli.
The Flo^ver by tlie Prison is a cew
juvenile volume, issued by D. Lothrop & Co.,
and belonging to their second $500 Prize Ser-
ies. It is a book of rare merit, the literary
execution being fully up to the level of its
mechanical excellences. The chief charac-
ters are most clearly drawn, the moral and
religious lessons conveyed by the story are of
the best sort, and they impress themselves
strongly upon the mind and heart of the reader
as he follows along the course of the story.
Temple Row and its inhabitants; Rosy Bryan,
the simple but divinely taught lad whose re-
ligious faith lights up his face and way every-
where; Malgers, the tierce convict in the
prison, who at length makes a sanctuary ot
his cell, the sunnyhearted Frenchwoman
whose smile and grace are like a benediction ;
blind Max and his beautiful sainted sister, —
these are among the personages that loots but
from these pages like portraits from the walls
of a gallery, and impress their mental features
and moral qualities upon the memory. The
style IS cultivated and rich, well adapted to
bring out the deeper life of the soul which the
author so well understands and so often
touches. It is a juvenile belonging to the
very highest order.
Trifles is the brief but significant title of a
book, written by one of our well known and
popular authors of juvenile literature. She
has here, under the guise of a pleasant and
interesting story, set forth the influence ex-
erted upon character by what are often deem-
ed little and unimportant things. Her pic-
tures of the two cousins is well executed ;
she paints from common life ; her colors are
not extravagant, and she makes indifference
to trifles, utter a most serious warning thi'ough
one of her characters, while the other grate-
fully impresses the lesson that nothing in
morals is of little account, and that he who
is faithful in the least is faithful also in much.
The volume wears all the external beauty
that has distinguished the $500 Prize Series
to which it belongs. D. Lothuop & Co., Bos-
ton, are the publishers.
In Tiie Trapper's Niece, a volume
belonging to $500 Prize Series. Messrs. D.
Lothrop & Co., Boston, have given us a
book, at once beautiful to the eye, and whole-
some for the mind. It is a somewhat striking
story of western life, bringing us face to face
with the hard and rough characters that
crowd out upon our frontier, and also show-
ing us how human roses may bloom even in
the social wilderness. It shows, too, how sel-
fish plotting is likely to defeat itself, and how
integrity and religious faith win victories, and
get a vindication even on earth.
Susy's Spectacles. Boston : D. Loth-
rop & Co. We have another of those excel-
lent and popular juvenile books, issued by
this House, known as the $500 Prize Series,
and which, by their attractiveness and merits,
have won so high and general a commenda-
tion. This addition is a real one, every way
worthy of its predecessors and its place. The
Spectacles, which are exalted in the volume,
are meant for the eyes of the mind, rather
than for those of the body, and they help in
the discovery of faults at home, and virtues
abroad; they help also in making duty plain,
in showing the deformity of selfishness, and
the beauty of a loving heart and a beneficent
life.
CHOICE S. S. BOOKS.
Ten volumes of the New $500 Prize Stories,
" abounding in freshness, individuality, mag-
netism, and character," are now ready. It is
the opinion of the Examining Committee,
(Rev. Drs. Lincoln, Day, and Rankin), that
this new prize series will be even more favor-
ably received than the original $500 prize
series, which (consisting of eight volumes)
was issued during 1869 and '70, and hailed in
uvery part of the country as something es-
pecially excellent. A leading religious jour-
nal said : " Their appearance marks a new
erain the history of juvenile literature." Both
series have received the highest commendation
from eminent divines and the most prominent
religious papers of the country. ICvery Sun-
lay school should have them.
NEW PRIZE SERIES.
SHORT COMINGS and LONG GOINGS,
LUTE FALCONER.
THE JUDGE'S SON,
HESTER'S HAPPY SUMMER,
ONE YEAR OF MY LIFE,
BUILDING STONES,
TRIFLES,
FLOWER BY THE PRISON,
THE TRAPPER'S NIECE,
SUSIE'S SPECTACLES.
ORIGINAL $500 PRIZE STORIES.
ANDY LUTTRELL,
SHINING HOURS,
MASTER AND PUPIL,
SABRINfA HACKETT,
MAY BELL.
AUNT MATTIE,
CONTRADICTIONS,
LIGHT FROM THE CROSS.
THE HOMESPUN LIBRARY.
5Iarge 16mo. vols., l-SiS pages. Frice $1.00 per vol
Blue-Eyed Jimmy ; or, The Good Boy.
JoUniiy Jones ; or, The Bad Boy.
Rntiiie Slia^v ; or. The Good Girl.
Nettie Ncsmith ; or, The Bad Girl.
Mucli Fruit.
Each book has three handsome illustrations
from original designs by Billings and Close.
" Charming Books and will do good," is the
verdict of all who read them.
[Ten new books by able authors in press.]
A very large and complete assortment of
first class SUNDAY SCHOOL BOOKS con-
stantly on hand.
Sunday Schools Supplied with Libraries,
Text-Books and all requisites promptly, and
upon the most favorable terras.
A liberal discount given to country dealers,
who order sample lot of our books.
D. LOTHROP & CO., PiiMisliers, BOSTON.
G. T. GAY & CO., Dover, N. H.
CATALOGUES FREE.
lO Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY,
No, 116 WASHINGTON STSEET, BOSTON.
REV, li. B, ROCKWOOD, Secretary. H. E. SI90IONS, Treasurer.
WE OFFER FOR SALE, TO
Pastorsj S. S. Superintendents, and Families,
A full collection of the Society's Publications, unrivalled in
Qtfwifff/, Ultgstratioiis and Price^
To which we invite attention.
ENGLISH BIBLES.
Importing our own GOODS direct from " best Publishers," we have made n
REDUCTBOE^d IH PRICE,
ON ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES.
BOOSTER'S I^UBLICATIONS,
Also imported by ourselves, are offered at the smallest possible advance over cost, to
PASTORS AND STUDENTS.
ILLUSTRATED OHHISTIIN WEEKLY,
AN ELEGANTLY ILLUSTRATED EIGHT-PAGE PAPER,
IS NOW ISSUED UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF
REV. LYMAN ABBOTT,
And fills a place that has long been vacant.
ONLY TWO DOLLARS PER YEAR.
S-a.m;i»IjE3 copies frkk.
COMMUNICATIONS
In relation to the honevolent wor^ oi the Society, or Grants, should bo addressed to the
SECRETARY, REV. L. B. ROCKWOOD.
Orders for Pablioations, or Bemittances of Fnnds, should be sent to the Treasurer,
H. E. SIMMONS,
116 Washington Street, - . - . Boston.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser. il
A Meathen Nation Evangelised.
HISTORY
OF THE
SANDWICH ISLANDS MISSION.
By Rev. Dr. Anderson, late Foreign Secretary of the Board.
In one vol., 12 mo. Price, $1.50; or, whore six or more copies are purchased for circu-
lation, $1.00.
CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY,
13 CORNHILL, Boston.
MOSES H. SARGENT, Treasurer.
The following are a. few of the notices by the public press : —
'' Under the apt sub-title of ' A Ueathen Nation Evangelized,' the volume gives the most
important facts in the religious progress of the Sandwich Islands. As a history of one of the
grandest and most successful movements of the nineteenth century, it is ample, trustworthy,
and exceedingly iiiteresting." — The CongreyationaUst.
" The venerable author tells a plain, unvarnished story of what has been achieved, and the
result is marvellous indeed." — Neto York Evanr/elist,
"The volume is well written, and full of interest, and we would commend It to all who
would see what devotion and faith can accomplish." — The Nation, Bogton,
"It is a brief, comprehensive, and yet complete history of the triumphs of Ohristianity
over the cruel, degraded, revolting heathenism of the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands."
— Boston Evening Traveller.
"■ The work is a very readable and connected story of what Is a roal missionary success."
— The Independent.
" The book is full of information in regard to the Islands, and of wise suggestions in re-
gard to the work of missions generally." — Neio York Observer.
" A noble theme, and a competent writer I The half-century work of the American Board
of Foreign Missions in the Sandwich Islands is the grandest modern monument of the mis-
sionary cause, and the author has admirably executed the work allotted to him.'* — The Ad-
Vance,
" This book is among ihe most important and attractive that has been written for many a
year." — Portland Christian Mirror.
.A-N" IMFORXJ^NT BOOK,
THE RELATIONS AND CLAIMS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS.
By Rev. Dr. Anderson.
One volume, 12mo. Third Edition.
Price, $1.50 ; for that sum sent free by mail. $1.00 to Clergymen and Theolo.glcal Students ;
sent to them free by mail for $1.20.
" We wish every church-member could read it." — Congregationalist.
" It is altogether the best volume ever written on the subject of Missions." — President of
a New England College.
" No such book as this has been written on Foreign Missions. It Is one of the best books
ever written on the subject." — Presbyterian Foreign Missionary.
" We would be glad if a copy of this work were in every Christian lamily in the land."
Evangelical Repository.
CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY, 13 Oornliill, Boston
3IOSES H. SAM GENT, Treasurer.
12 Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
Nei;y £iiglaiid
MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
39 STA.TE STREET,
BOSTOiV.
ACCUMULATION, JAN. 1, 1871, . . $9,000,000.
SSecurely invested for the benefit of present and future members.
The particular attention of Clkrgymkn is called to the aclvantagesof
insuring in a Massachusetts Company, under the wise provision of its
NON-FORFEITURE law, by which every policy-holder is entitled to in-
surance so long as his policy has a cash value.
JOSEPH M. GIBBENS, BENJ. P. STEVENS,
Secretary. President.
W. W. MORELAWD, M, D., WALTER C. WRIGHT,
Med. Examiner. Actuary.
Hon. DWIGHT FOSTER,
Counsel.
CnngHgaliattal (limrltria ^.tifertbtr.
IT E "^w B o o k: s. •
Messrs. NOTES, HOLMES & CO.
Have the pleasure to annouuce the following New and Valuable Books.
I.
Or, Parish Evidences of tlie Bible. ByRKV. E. F. BURR, D.D.,
Author of " EccE Ccelum," " Pater Mundi," etc.
Uuiform In style with " Ecce Coelum " and " Pater Mundi." One vol. 12rao. 362 pp. $1.50.
From the New York Observer.
"Ad Fidem" will, we believe, be greatly useful. The author has made his mark as one
of the ablest orthodox writers of the present day. He is a man of thought and study, and
great power of expression. A short time since he burst on the religious mind of this country
with a work called ''Ecce Coslum." He next appeared with a volume entitled "Pater
Mundi," a profound, able, and timely series of chapters proving that science testifies to the
existence and attributes of the Christian's God. Modern professors of pure science would
f;iin intimate to the world that it is unscientific to believe. Dr. Burr has made a book for
these scientists and those who have been deluded by them to study. It is easy reading, and
we commend it to the learned and unlearned alike. It will do them all good.
" THE ART OF ARTS."
<3r TJ T :E3 3Xr DB EIH. C3r ,
And The Art of Printing.
By Mrs. EMILY C. PEARSON. 1 vol. 12mo. Tinted paper. Illustrated. $2.00.
A complete and comprehensive history of the Art of Printing, with more than thirty
criminal plates, illustrating the steps of its development and advancement. Also embellished
with an elegant illuminated title, and bound in an original and very attractive style. The
only book on this subject adapted for popular use.
III.
A Book for Young Ladies.
By Mrs. S.J. M.PIKE.
Author of " Step by Step," " Striving and Gaining," " Climbing and Sliding," etc.
Second Edition now ready. One hand.some volume. 12mo. 282 pp. $1.50.
From the Daili/ Evening Traveller.
"We cordially commend this booi< to the perusal of all. . . . The story is pure, natural
and interesthig, and although it may not suit the strong-minded progressives of the gentler
sex. that the heroine should prefer to be a main.'ipriiig, rather than the hands on the dial,
yet we think all will feel the holy beauty of a life growing daily richer and nobler by the
steady practice of honest duties in the spirit of self-sacrificing love."
IV.
A NEW AND REVISED EDITION OF
THE! XS: lO- 1 Gr 13: T Ij ^K" S O Xj 33 I 3E; II ,
A Biogiapliy of Major Henry Ward Camp. By Chaplain H. CLAY TRUMBULL.
Sixth Edition. Revised and enlarged. With Steel Portrait and Illustrations.
1 vol. 16mo. 331 pp. Tinted paper. $2.00.
A new edition of this standard and intensely interesting biography having been earnestly
called for, the author has revised the whole work, making some additions which add to its
value and completeness. It is now presented in a style even more elegant thau at its first
appearance. With fine steel portrait.
V.
PRICK REDUCED.
A NEW AND CHEAP EDITION OF
O <3 2Xr Or II. JS <3r -A. T I O JNT ^a. Ij X S 3VE ,
Wliitt it is ; Wlience it is ; Hoav it ■\vorlcs, etc.
By REV. HENRY M. DEXTER, D.D., Editor of the Congregationalist.
One volume. 12mo. 425 pp. $2.00. Peoples Edition. Paper cover. $1.25.
This work is the standard authority on all matters of Congregalioual Church polity, and
is indispensable to those who wish to acquaint themselves with the History and Practical
Working of Congregationalism. It is also the most complete, accurate and satisfactory
Handbook for reference ever prepared for the membership of Congregational Churches. It
gives directions how to form a church ; How to Choose and Induct Church Officers; How to
Transact the Business of a Church; How to Vacate Church Ofiices; Co-Acting of Church
and Parish; Regarding Councils and Conferences; How to Dissolve a Churcn, etc., with
many other Practical Points of interest to every member of the denomination.
NOYES, HOLMES & CO.,
117 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON, MASS,
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
THE EMPIRE MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE CO.
G. HILTON SCRIBNER.feM jj W. CROFUT,
President. llfeW^PW-d/ Secretary.
P,C,ll[ADL[y&T,F, CLARK, Managers NingJfaocti,
32 Washington Street, Boston.
WHAT HAS BEEN DONE?
TjOSO Policies issued from the date of the first (April 7, 1869)).
Total Premiums . . .$717,978.00 Ratio of Claims and Exp. to Totallncome . $27.50
Amount Insured . I7,794r,59'3.00 Average Ratio of all Companies 31.4:9
li-or everu $100 Linhilities tlie EMPIJtE has of Assets $221.
The success of the E.mpire Mutual Life Insurance Company has been unequalled.
WHY NOT?
Its management is able, economical, and reliable.
MARK THE LIBERAL ANDSTRONG FEATURES OF THE EMPIRE.
All Policies Non-Forfeitable and Incontestable for any cause excepting fraud.
All restrictions on Travel and liEsiDENCF. removed, and no permits ri-quired, expe-
rience and statistics proving them to be unnecessary, while they are vexatious and expensive
t the insured ; and no extra, cliHrr/e. for women, or any class of ordinary risks.
A loan given, if desired, without notes or Accumulation of Interest increasing annual
Premiums.
Dividends on the Progressive and Guarantee Interest Plan declared annually.
The EiMPiRE leads in the simple justice of incontestable Policies in case of suicide, death
lor crime, or by accidental causes of any kind.
It has also adopted Massachusetts laws in full.
N. JBJtOUOHTON, Jr., Jjate Depository of the American Tract Society,
Jioaton, and T. W. TUCKJUt, are the. General Agents. J. M,
WARREN, Medical Exatnitter.
*** Call or send for Circulars, References, &o.
Agents of Character Wanted in New England.
We are permitted to refer to a few names of those insured in The Empire : —
Rev. E. E. Hale, D.D., Boston. Hon. S. N. Stockwell, Boston.
Rev. Gilbert H.iven.D.D., " I'rof. S. A. Bancroft, "
Rev. J. VV.01mstead,D.D., " Henry Flanders, Esq., '■
Rev.J. iSr. Murdock,D.D., " J. W. Beals, Esq., "
Rev. G. Gannett, Prof. S. Baxter, "
Prin. Female Seminary, " B. F. Guild, Esq., "
Russell Hallett, Esq., " Rev. A. Bigelow, D.D., "
W. L. Tower, Esq., " Rev. J. B. Miles, Charlestown.
Congregational Qttarterly Advertiser.
AMERICAIf TRACT SOCIETY,
No, 116 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON.
REV. L. B. ROCKWOOD, Secretary. H. E. SOIMOIVS, Treasurer.
WE OFFER FOR SALE, TO
PastorSj S. S. Superintendents, and Families,
A full collection of the Society's Publications, unrivalled in
Qtf<«ltf|/, Illustrfitions and JPrice^
To which we invite attention.
EISTGLISH BIBLES.
Importing our own GOODS direct from " best Publishers," we have made a
REDUCTION IN PRICE,
ON ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES.
B^aSTEH'S PUBLICATIONS,
Also imported by ourselves, are offered at the smallest possible advance over cost, to
PASTORS AND STUDENTS.
ILLUSTRITISD CHRISTIAN WEEKLY,
AN ELEGANTLY ILLUSTRATED EIGHT-PAGE PAPER,
IS NOW ISSUED UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OP
REV. LYMAN ABBOTT,
{And fills a place that has long been vacant.
ONLY TWO DOLLARS PER YEAR.
COMMUNICATI O.N S
In relation to the benevolent work of the Society, or Q-rants, should be addressed to the
SECRETARY, REV. L. B. ROCKWOOD.
Orders for Publications, or Remittances of Funds, should be sent to the Treasurer,
H. E. SIMMONS,
116 Washington Street, - - - - Boston.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
KNICKERBOCKER
laife Insurance Co.
OF NEW YORK.
Principal Office, No. 161 Broadway.
Boston Office, W. F. KEITH, Special Agent,
113 Washing ton Street.
i^ssets ISfoy, 1870,
87,350,000
ERASTUS LYMAN, President.
CHARLES STANTON, i ice- President. GEORGE F. SNIFFEN, Secretary.
The Knickerbocker's statistics show most prominently a growth in financial solidity rather
than in the direction of accumulating liabilities. The ratio of increase of income to increase
of general business will satisfy the critical inquirer. We present the following exhibit of
the combined financial and business movement of the last four years : —
Income.
1866 $993,821 63
1867 2,147.605 89
1868 4,003.601 88
1869 5,042,687 00
Policies in force
Dec. 31.
Insurances in
force Dec. 31.
8.171
14.123
20,113
22,078
$24,330,565
44,367,209
62,353,529
68,569,168
In balancing the accounts for the close of 1869, the Knickerbocker showed a surplus over
all liabilities eseeding one and a quarter million dollars 1
In addition to the large amount paid to representatives of policy-holders last year for
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Temple Row and its inhabitants ; liosy Bryan,
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Susy's Spectacles. Boston: D. Loxn
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All reslrictidiis on Ti{ WEf, and Hesidknok. removed, and ijo permits required, expe-
ricnre and stMtisiics proving them to be unnecessary, while they are vexations and expensive
to the insured ; and iu> cvtra clim //e lor wuincn, or any class of ordinary risks.
A loan given, if desired, without notes or Accumulation of Interest increasing annual
Premiums.
Dividends on the Proorfssive and Guarantee Interest Plan declared annually.
The Empire loads in the simple justice of incontestable Policies in case of suicide, death
for crime, or by accidental causes of any kind.
It has also adopted Massachusetts laws in full.
N. BltOVOUTON, .Tr,, Lnfe DejwsHory of the American Tract Society,
lioston, and T. W. TUCKEK, ore the General Af/ents. «/". M,
WAJRltEy, Medical Jixaminer.
%* Call or send for Circulars, References, &c.
Agents of Character Wanted in New England.
■We are permitted to refer to a few names of those insured in Twe Empire: —
Rev. E. E. Hale, D.D , Boston. Hon. 8. N. Stockwell, Boston.
Rev. Gilbert Haven, D.D. , '• Prof. S. A. Bancroft, "
Rov J. W.OImstead, D.D, " Henry Flanders, Esq., '"
Rev. J. N. Murdock, D.D. , " J. W. Reals, Esq., "
Eev. (Jr. GanTiett, Prof. 8. Baxter, "
Prin. Female Seminary, " B. F. Guild, Esq., "
Russell Hallett, Esq., " Rev. A. Bigelow, D.D., "
W. L. Tower, Esq., " Rev. J. B. Miles, Charlestown.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
AMERICAl^ TRACT SOCIETY,
No. 116 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON.
REV. li. B. R0CK:"W00D, Secretary. H. E. SIMMONS, Treasiu-er.
WE OFFER FOR SALE, TO
PastorSj S. S. Superintendents, and Families,
A full collection of the Society's Publications, unrivalled in
Q^tiality, Illustration's and F^rice^
To which we invite attention.
Importing our own GOODS direct from " best Publishers," we have made a
REDllCTIOI\S li\a PRBCE,
ON ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES.
BOOSTER'S P^UBLIC^TIONS,
Also imported by ourselves, are offered at the smallest possible advance over cost, to
PASTORS AND STUDENTS.
ILLUSTRITSD CHRISTIIN WEEKLY,
AN ELEGANTLY ILLUSTRATED EIGHT-PAGE PAPER,
IS NOW ISSUED UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF
REV. LYMAN ABBOTT,
And fills a place that has long been vacant.
ONLY TWO DOLLARS PER YEAR.
S^IMFLE COPIES ITRKE.
COMMUNICATIONS
In relation to the benevolent work of the Society, or Grants, should be addressed to the
SEORETAKY, REV. L. B. ROCKWOOD.
Orders for Publications, or Kemittances of Funds, sbonld be sent to the Treasurer,
116 Washington Street, - - - - Boston.
Congregational Qitarterly Advertiser.
KNICKERBOCKER
Xflife Insurance Co.
OF NEW YORK.
Principal Office, No. 161 Broadway.
Boston Office, W. F. KEITH, Special Agent,
lis Washington Street.
u^ssets nSIay, 1870, -
S7,350,000
ERASTUS LYMAN, President.
CHARLES STANTON, lice-President. GEORGE F, SISTIFFEN, Secretary.
The Knickerbocker's statistics show most prominently a growth in financial solidity rather
than in the direction of accumulating liabilities. The ratio of increase of income to increase
of general business will satisfy the critical inquirer. We present the following exhibit of
the combined financial and business movement of the last four years ; —
Ihcoue.
1866 $993,821 63
1867 2,147.605 89
1868 4,003.601 88
1869 5,042,687 00
Policies in force
Dec. 31.
Insurancee in
force Dec. 31.
8.171
14.123
20,113
22,078
$24,330,565
44,367,209
62,353,629
68,569,168
In balancing the accounts for the close of 1869, the Knickerbocker showed a surplus over
all liabilities eseeding one and a quarter million dollars I
In addition to the large amount paid to representatives of policy-holders last year for
death claims, there were returned to insurants, by way of dividend, half a million dollars.
Btill the proportion of outgo to income was less than the general life business of the country,
and the rate of expense to income but 14^ per cent, an economy which has the merit of not
being purchased at the loss of any necessary adjunct of the business.
From May 1st, the Knickerbocker enters upon the all-cash premium system, substituting
for such accommodation to policy-holders a compensating reduction of rates. This comes iu
connection with other regulations shaping the business to the best results of experience
adding fresh safeguards to the great trust.
W. F. KEITH, Special Agent,
113 Washington Street, BOSTON.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
PURE CALIFORNIA WINE.
We respectfully call the attention of those In want of 'Wine for
Medicinal or Communion Purposes,
To our full stock, composed exclusively of superior California Wines, carefully selected by
one of the most competent judges, from the best vineyards in that State.
Any one who has visited the wine-growing districts of California, and witnessed the
abundance and cheapness of delicious grapes, and the process of wine making there, cannot
but be convinced that the wines are pure when they leave the vineyards. This fact has been
forcibly demonstr.ated by
HON. MARSHALL P. WILDER,
Who examined into the matter very carefully during his visit to California.
We can conscientiously say that we knoio our wines are pure when received by us, and
■<vith equal sincerity will say that we sell them in the same pure condition, and Intend to
conduct the business in sucl a manner as to secure the confidence and respect of the
community.
In evidence of our earnestness in the matter, we refer to the following extract from the
Watchman and Reflector-. —
" We believe we are doing good service for the cause of temperance and the churches
when we advise those who wish for pure Wines for Medicinal or Communion purposes to
purchase of T. S. Mitchell, 75 Milk Street. We never have advocated, and do not now ad-
vocate wine-drinking, and would do nothing to make this questionable practice more preva-
lent; but we believe wines necessary for the purposes indicated, and feel that it is very im-
portant that they should be pure.''
And we have permission to refer to
Capt. Thomas Emerson, President South Reading Bank, Wakefield.
Benjamin F. Stevens, President New England Mutual Life Insurance Co., Boston,
TiiEO. Metcalf & Co., Apothecaries, 39 Tremont Street.
Henry F. Damon, M.D., Admitting Physician City Hospital, Boston.
Hon. Marshali. P. Wilder, President American Pomological Society,
The California Wine Co.,
T. S. MITCHELL, - - AGENT,
75 MILK STREET (COR. FEDERAL), BOSTON.
Congregational Qiiatterly Adveftiser.
NEW HYMN
TUNE BOOK,
FOR
CHURCH AND VESTRY USE.
The Tribute of Praise.
Price, $i.oo. Sent by Mail prepaid^ on receipt of $1.2^.
This book has been more than a year in preparation, and the publishers believe that they fur-
nish a book which wll be generally acceptable and useful. They have called to the aid of the
compilers the services and suggestions of eminent clergymen of the various denominations, and
indulge the belief that the results will be found entirely satisfactor)'. The whole has been un-
der the able supervision and direction of Dr. Eben Tourj6e, to whose ardent and enthusiastic
labors in the cause of church music, the great popular uprising in favor of congregational sing-
ing during the last two years is due. They desire particularly to state that Dr. Tourj6e's
connection with the work has been with him a labor of love, undertaken solely in the interests
of congregational psalmody, and without hope or expectation of reward ; and they are instructed
to pay over any profits which may accrue to him from its sale to the treasurer of the Boston
North End Mission, for the general purposes of that institution.
The publication of the present work will, it is hoped and believed, greatly facilitate the
adoption of a service of song in our churches and social meetings in which all shall participate.
In its preparation very extensive researches have been made in both European and American
Psalmody. Dignified, striking melodies, easily learned and remembered, have been selected,
and the contents enriched by fifty of the most popular and useful of the German and English
Chorals.
Dr. Tourj^e, in his introduction, has given many suggestions, the result of his long expe-
rience, in regard to Choir and Congregational Singing, Praise Meetings, etc. ; also, an " Order
of Worship for Church Service."
The work has a full index of subjects ; and an index of first lines ; a metrical and an index
of tunes, and is
The most Complete Work Published.
The tunes in the second part have been selected especially for use in social meetings.
Many of them are already extensively known ; and others have become very popular wherever
introduced, and will, it is believed, be found generally useful.
Especial care has been taken to adopt such hymns as are appropriate for singing, and it is
believed that they are sufficiently varied and numerous to satisfy the wants of every phase of
Christian experience.
M. H. Sargent, Treasurer,
CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY,
13 CORN HILL, BOSTON.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
PUBLISHED BY
HENRY A. YOUNG & CO.
24 Cornhill, Boston, BVSass.
MAPPY BOME STORIES FOR
BOYS. By the author of "Aunt Hattie'a
Library." 6 vols. 18mo. Illustrated. Price,
$3.00. Viz.: —
Diligent Dick.
Lazv Robert.
Little Fritz.
Cousin Willie.
The New Buggy.
Bertie and nis Sisters.
EARIj WHITIKG; Or, tJif. Natnelpss
Boy. By the author of '• Little Pea-Nut
Merchant." 1 vol. Beautifully hound in
black and gilt. 16mo. Price $1.25.
THE HERMIT OE HOICOMBE.
By Mart Dwinell Chellis. Being the
4th and concluding volume of the Standard
Sericsof Temperance Tales. 1vol. 16mo.
Price, $1.50.
HAPPT HOME STORIES FOR
GIIILS. By the author of " Aunt Hattie's
Library." Viz.: —
Little Fltawat.
The Spoiled Picture.
Fleda's Childhood.
The Singing Girl.
Molly and the Wineglass.
The Twins.
6 vols. 18mo. Illustrated. Price, $3.00.
BEIjTjE CLEMENT'S INFI.U-
ENCE. By H. N. W. B. 1 vol, 16mo.
Illustrated. A splendid book for girls.
Price, $1.00.
ONF WOMAN'S MISSION, and how
she fulfilled it. Being a narrative of the life
and work of Mrs. Harriet E. Dickson,
for many years missionary to Greece. By
Rev. A. N. Arnold, D. D. 1 vol. 16mo.
Price, $1.00.
PICTURE STORIFS FOR LITTLE
FOLKS. Viz.: —
Little Stories for Little People.
Scenes in the Citv anl Country.
Rhymes and Stories for Little Folks.
Frank's Pet Rooster, aj^d other
Stories.
The White Swan, and other Stories.
PicsuRE Stories for Little Folks.
New series of Question-Books, by Rev.
Joseph Banvard, D. D., entitled,—
THE GREAT PROMISES OF THE
BIBLE. In Three Parts. Part I. for Chil-
dren. Part II. for Youth. Part III. for
Adults. Price of each part 15 cents,
BANVARD'S LITTLE PILGHIM
SERIES. No. 3. For Infant Scholars.
Each lesson illustrated. 1 vol. 18mo. Pa-
per. Price, 8 cents.
BEN FARRAR'S EXPERIENCE
of the Sunny Side of the Cross. By the
author of " Master and Pupil." 1 vol.
16mo. Price, $1.25.
BOSTON POSTAGE-STAMP AL-
BUM. Elegantly bound in black and gilt.
An entirely new edition, revised to date. 1
vol. 4to. Price, $3.00.
THE RED SHANTY BOYS; Or,
Pictures of New England School-Life
Thirty years ago. By Park Ludlow, A.M.
We believe this book will prove a great
success. The author has remarkable power
as a juvenile writer; and this volume is full
of life and entertainment.
1 vol. 16mo. Price $1.50.
HAPPY HOME STORIES FOR
BOYS AND GIRLS. 12 vols. 18mo.
Price $6.00.
The combination of these two series makes
one of the most attraciive family libraries for
children ever issued.
LULZr
W. B.
$1.00,
REED'S PUPIL. By H. N.
1 vol. 16mo. Illustrated. Price
6 vols. 32mo. Price, $1.50.
Please send for our full catalogue,
discounts.
S LETTER-BOOK. By H,
1 vol. 16mo. Illustrated. Price
SOPHIE'
N. W. B.
$1.00.
EDITH iriTHINGTON ; Or, Plc-
tures of Hindoo Life. By H. N. W. B. 1
vol. 16mo. Illustrated. Price $1.00,
A NEW SUNDAY-SCHOOL SPEAK-
ER. Containing original and selected mat-
ter, of both prose and poetry, adapted to all
Sunday-school occasions. By Rev. J. H.
GiLMORE, Prof, in Rochester Theolog. Sem-
inary. 1vol. 18mo. Cloth. Price 60 cents.
Sunday School Library Books supplied at liberal
8
Congregational Qjiarterly Advertiser.
OCT. 3, 1S71.
The Most Attractive Holiday Libraries
IN THE MARKET.
c
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a
a
o
u
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en »
■S a
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3
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S4
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oft
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£5
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-• ><
^0
C3
D. LOTHBOP & CO., Importers, Publishers, and Booksellers,
38 & 40 COUNJIIZTj, Bosrox.
Any of the above books sold separately and sent by mail, postage paid, 011 receipt of price.
Congregatio7ml Quarterly Advertiser.
The Pastor is often asked by his Sabbath School Teachers,
"What is the best Commentary on the whole Bible?" Here you
have it.
A m mm\m oi thi bible.
The Portable Commentary:
A COMMENTARY, CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY,
ON TTIE
Old and New Testaments.
BY
Eev. EOBT. JAMIESON, D.D., Eev. A. E. PAUSSET, and
Eev. DAVID BEOWN, D.D.
In Two Volumes. 12mo. Cloth. $6.00.
ALSO,
THE CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORy POCKET BIBLE i
Containing the Holy Scriptures according to the Authorized Version, with References, etc.,
and on the opposite page the same Commentary as the above.
In Four Volumes. 16mo. Cloth. $6.50.
This will he found to bo most compact, as well as reliable, Commentary published, and is
admirably adapted to the Family, Sabbath School 'I eacher, and all Students of the Bible.
Its theological opinions are Scriptural, its ijeographical researches are brought down to the
latest periods, its explanations of God's Word are sensible and clear, and the whole forms
one of the most useful and valuable of CorauK ntaries.
The work is in two forms : the Portable, in two volumes, containing only the Commentary,
and another edition, in which the text accompanies the Commentary, in four volumes, and is
furnished at so low a price that it is within the means of all classes.
The sale of this work has been very large In Great Britain, and it is commanding, in this
country, the general attention of Clergymen, Sabbath School Teachers, and all Students of
the Bible.
JUST PUBLISHED BY
GOTJLD & LINCOLlSr,
59 Washington St., Boston.
10 Congregational Quarterly Adve7tise7.
Ne-w England
MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
4
39 ST-ATE STREET,
BOSTON.
ACCUMULATION, JAN. 1, 1871, . . $9,000,000.
Securely invested for the benefit of present and future members.
The particular attention of Clergyjien is called to the advantages of
insuring in a Massachusetts Company, under the wise provision of its
NON-FOEFEITURE law, by which every policy-holder is entitled to in-
surance so long as his policy has a cash value.
JOSEPH M. GIBBENS, BENJ. F. STEVENS,
Secretary. President.
W. W. MOBELAND, M. D., WALTER C. WRIGHT,
Med. Examiner. Actuary.
Hon. DWIGHT FOSTER,
Counsel.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser. il
WHITE'S SPECIALTY
This is not a new preparation, to be tried and found wanting. It has been prescribed
daily formany years in the practice of an eminent physician, with unparalleled success. It
islSOT
but
expected or intended to cure all the diseases to which the human family is subject,
Is Warranted to Cure Dyspepsia,
In its most obstinate form, — relief being always obtained from the first usej and a permanent
cure efiected when properly continued.
TESTIMONIALS.
Cambridgeport, Mass., March, 1871.
Mr. H. G. WniTE:
Dear Sir, — I take pleasure in informing you of the cure efieoted in my mother's case by
your " Specialty for Dyspepsia."
Before using it, she had for a long time been very low, and for five weeks was unable to
partake of anything more hearty than a spoonful of light broth, without suffering. After
taking one bottle, she was able to eat mea' and other food without inconvenience.
She has used three bottles, and considers herself cured.
Yours respectfully,
HENKY T. WELTCH, Riverside Market.
Cambridgeport, March, 1871.
Mr. H. G. White:
Dear Sir, — Feeling griteful for the benefit obtained from the use of your " Specialty
for Dyspepsia," I wish to oft ' my testimony in favor of it. My food distressed me constantly
for two years, and caused at t. nes the most acute suffering. I tried various remedies without
even temporary relief. One i^ottle of the "Specialty" cured me, as I have had no return
of the trouble. Many of my acquaintances have used it with the same good results.
Respectfully vours,
GEO. WOOD, Policeman, Station 2.
Cambridgeport, April, 1871.
Mr. H. G. White :
Sir, — After suffering seven years with Dyspepsia in its most aggravated form, being at
one time confined to the house for five months, and trying various advertised remedies with-
out obtaining relief, I have been, as I think, permanently cured by using your " Specialty
for Dyspepsia " for a short time.
Signed, CHARLES H. MORGAN,
Conductor Cambridge Horse R. R.
Some of the Symptoms of Dyspepsia
Are Loss of Appetite, Wind and Rising of Food, Dryness in the Mouth,
Heartburn, Distention of the Stomach and Bowels, Costiveness, Headache,
D'izziness, Sleeplessness and Low Spirits ; unless checked it surely affects
the mind as well as body, and unfits one for the duties of life in a short
time. These are all removed by the use of "White's Specialty for
Dyspepsia.
Prepared only by H. G. WHITE, 37 Court Street, [opposite
Court House,] Boston, Mass.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
Price, $1.00 per Bottle.
12 Con^j^egational Quarterly Advertiser.
FALL STYLE HATS
JkTC
JACKSON & CO.'S,
59 Tremont Street.
TYROLESE,
In all Shades. A New Style, Very Tasty.
BQFT BlLB M^TBt €lQTB M^WSt
CANES, KID AND DRIVING GLOVES, ETC.
i:X6r,ISII SERBT'S and SII^K IIA.TS, from Christy's, I.ondon.
LARGE LOT OF SILK UMBRELLAS,
Ox^j $5.00 ekdl^.
Amidon & Sons' fall Ptyle SILK HATS. Also, our own style of SJXJf HATS, for
Younfi <Ip«^s, the 7;?osi! tasty Hat ever introduced, being made on the Gossamer body,
and of the finest niiiteriul.
About the loth of October, we shall open a dioice stock of LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S
FURS.
J -A. o k: s o 3sr sc oo-
59 Tremont Street.
The quality of the Goods, not the sumptuousness of the store, or even the cleverness of
the dealer, is what the judicious purrhaser looks at; and in this regard the merit of Jack-
son's establishment, al 59 Tremont street, may be safely mentioned. His goods are of the
best quality, and sold at reasonable prices. His advertisement tells the particulars for all
hat purchasers.
Fali, Style of Hats. — Jackson & Co., 59 Tremont street, have their Fall Style of Hats
ready for visitors. The stock is large and most excellent, and includes the Tyrolcse, a new
style in various shades, the Atlanta, A'e;/Z(V/e soft huts, silk hats, cloth and other kinds; to-
gether with the Derby and silk hats from Christy's, London. In addition, still, we may
mention the Aniidon & Son, silk hat, the J.-ickson liat (got up by the firm) for young men,
etc. The latter isjustly regarded as a very tasteful aflair. and is sure, we think, to become
popular. It is very light and of the best material. Jackson v Co. have also a superior stock
of canes, silk umorellas, gloves, Stc. The silk umbrellas are offered at the low price of
$.5.00. As usual, this firm is out early with their specialties for the season. The public
fully appreciates this kind of enterprise, and will not fail to sustain it.
The above from the Boston Post, we most heartily endorse. Having for years purchased
of Jackson & Co., we can recommend both the firm and their good- . — Watchman 4' Reflector.
Congregational Quarterly Advertiser. 13
lO-Zl
New Fall Carpets.
We are now prepared to show the finest stock of
ENGLISH h AMERICAN CARPETS,
Oil Cloths, etc.,
EVEE OPENED IN THIS CITY, WHICH WE SHALL SELL AT A SMALL
ADVANCE ON COST OF PRODUCTION.
WHOLESALE OR RETAIL.
GOLDTHWAIT,SNOW& KNIGHT,
5/? Washington Stpeet, Boston,
THE EDITORS AND PKOPRIETORS OF THE
Congregatioaial Quarterly
HAVE BEGUN A SERIES OF
VERBATIM REPRINTS OF RARE TRACTS,
ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE
CIVIL AND EOOLESIASTIOAL HISTORY OP NEW ENGLAND.
These are elegantly printed on heavy, tinted paper, i-n uniform style, and as only small
editions are published, early application should be made by those desiring copies.
NOW READY.
I. SOME MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS on our
present debates respecting witchcrafts, in a dialogue between S. & B.
1692. 75 cents.
II. A DISQUISITION concerning Ecclesiastical Councils.
By Increase Mather, d. d., 1671. $1.00.
COMPr^ETE SETS OF THE
CONGREGATIONAL QUARTERLY,
12 volumes, bound in uniform style. $20.80.
Address, CONGREGATIONAL QUARTERLY,
i 40 WINTER STREET, BOSTON.
14 Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.
CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETIES,
Congrefrational Publisliing Society, 13 Cornhill, Boston. M. H.
Sargent, Treas. ; Kev. Asa Bullard, Rev. "Wji. Barrows, d. d., Boston ;
Ilev. G. S. F. Savage, d. d., 84 Washington street, Chicago, 111.,
Secretaries.
American Congregational Association, 40 "Winter street, Bos-
ton, Mass. For information, or remittances for the Congregational
House, or gifts to the Congregational Library, address Rev. Isaac P.
Langworthy, Cor. Sec, as above.
American Congregational Union, (Church Building), C9 Bible
House, New York City. N. A. Calkixs, Treas. ; Rev. Ray Palmer, d. d.,
Rev. C. CusiiiXG, 16 Treraont Temple, Boston, Secretaries.
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign ]>Iissions»
33 Pemberton square, Boston. Langdon S. Ward, Treas.; Rev. Selah B.
Treat, Rev. N. G. Clark, d. d., Secretaries.
American Home Missionary Society, Bible House, New York
City. William Henry Smith, Treas.; Rev. Milton Badger, d. d.. Rev.
David B. Coe, d. d.. Rev. A. Huntington Clapp, d. d., Secretaries.
American Education Society, 15 Cornhill, Boston. S. F. Far-
well, Treas. ; Rev. I. N. Tarbox, d. d., Secretary.
American Missionary Association, 59 Reade street. New York
City. W. E. Whiting, Asst. Treas.; Rev. Geo. WnipPLE, Rev. M. E.
Strieby, New York; Rev. C. L. Woodworth, 5 Pemberton square, Bos-
ton; Gen. C. H. Howard, 38 Lombard Block, Chicago, 111., Secretaries.
Western College Society, 02 Bible House, New York City. Rev.
H. Q. BuTTERFiELD, Scc. ; Sajiuel Holmes, Esq., 4 Beekraau street,
Treas.
Cong7'egational Quarterly Advcj'tiser. 15
2O7OOO AGKNTS ITITANTESD !
To canvass for the most interesting Itelic and Ciiriositij in the Christian
tvorld ever discovered.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED,
A finely-executai Engraving,
¥1E §1I>¥ ¥E11 UEinii
OF
Taken from one cut in •^^•) Emerald by command of Tiberi Csesar,
and -which as given from the Treasury of Constantinople, bv
the Emperor of the Turks, to Po e Innocent VIII, for the
redemption of his Brother, thea a Ca^^tive to the
C1-. istians.
The following Extract, in proof of the Authenticity of the above Portrait, is translated
from the Latin contemporary Historians of the period.
"News to the Senate of Rome concerning Jescs Christ in the days of Tiberius Caesar
the Eraperour, as the govenours of sundry provinces under the Senate and people of Rome
used to advertise the Senate of sucli news as chanced in diverse countries.
" Publius T.entulus, being at that time president in Judea, wrote an epistle to the Senate
and people of Rome, the words whereof were these : —
" ' There appeared in these our days a man of great virtue, named Jescs Christ, who
is yet living amongst us, and of the Gentiles is accepted for a Prophet of Truth ; buthi's own
disciples called him the Son of God. He raiseth the dead and cureth all manner of diseases.
A man of stature somewhat tall and comely, with a very reverend countenance, such as the
beholders may both love and fear: his hair of the color of philbert full ripe, and plain al-
most down to his ears : but from the ears downward somewhat curled, and more orient in
colour, waving on his shoulders. In the midst of his head goeth a seam, or partition of his
hair, after the manner of the Nazarites: his forehead, very plain and smooth; his face
without spot or wrinkle, beautified with a comely red : lais nose and mouth so formed as
nothing can be reprehended ; his beard somewhat thick, agreeable in color to the hair of his
head, not of any great length, in the midst of an innocent and mature look ; his eyes "ray
clear and quick. In reproving, he is terrible, in admonishing, courteous and fair-spokeii :
pleasant in speech, mixed with gravity. It cannot be remembered that any have seen liim'
laugh, but many have seen weep. In proportion of body, weil-haped and straisrht; his
hands and arms right, and delectable to behold; in speaking, very temperate, modest and
wise. A man for singular beauty, surpassing the children of men.' "
Agents making from S5.00 to S50.00 per day.
Send stamp for terms. A large discount to agents. Send §2.50 for a sample copy, ad-
dress,
CHAS. B. THOMPSON,
ISriclge-watcr, Conn.
1 6 Congregatio7ial Quarterly Advertiser.
D. APPLETON & CO.'S
SCHOOL TEST BOOKS.
• • —
WILLIAM HENSHAW, General Agent,
2(> COKNHILJL, --__-- BOSTON.
Cornell's Geographies.
THE BEST. THE CHEAPEST. THE MOST POPUIiAR.
First Steps in Geography, $0 45
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